Earth and Space News: 200th Anniversary Year of Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings: Ajanta Cave 24

Summary: Ajanta cave 24 appears ample but abandoned in the 200th anniversary year of European-accessed Ajanta cave wall paintings and sculptures in west India.

pillared verandah of Ajanta Cave 24, an unfinished vihara (monastery) cave; Ajanta Caves, Maharashtra, central-west India; Wikimedia Commons page created Monday, Sep. 5, 2016, via UploadWizard: Anupamg, CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons

The 200th anniversary year of European-accessed Ajanta cave wall paintings and sculptures in north-central Maharashtra state, India, acknowledges Ajanta cave 24 as an abandoned cavern almost as ample as Ajanta cave 4.

Ajanta cave 24 blends with other 1,300- to 1,600-year-old monastery caverns from the second building phase between the fifth and sixth, seventh or eighth centuries C.E. It contains the stone-carved shrine that characterizes Ajanta chaitya (from Sanskrit चैत्य, "funereal mound, pedestal, pile") prayer halls 9, 10, 19, 26 and, if completed, 29. First-phase, 2,000- to 2,300-year-old Ajanta vihara (from Sanskrit विहार, "walking [hall]") monastery caves from the third through first centuries B.C.E. defer to a shrineless floor plan.

Itinerant artisans and merchants and resident and seasonal monks entered first-phase monastery caves 12, 13 and 15A/30 expecting to encounter an entry hall with dormitory cells.

The Ajanta second-phase monastery caves, such as Ajanta cave 24, frequently feature a sanctum sanctorum (from Latin sanctum sanctōrum, from Hebrew קֹדֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִׁים, "holy of holies").

U-shaped pradakshina (from Sanskrit प्रदक्षिणा, "to the right turning") aisles guided itinerant artists and merchants and resident and seasonal monks to prayer-hall, never monastery, rear-wall shrines. Sangha (from Sanskrit संघ, "multitude") lay and monastic community members headed to chaitya prayer halls 19 and 26 or one of five nearby second-phase monastery caves. Between chaitya prayer hall 19 to the west and chaitya prayer hall 26 to the east is the second-phase series of monastery caves 20 through 25.

The 200th anniversary year of European-accessed Ajanta cave wall paintings and sculptures judges Ajanta cave 4 and Ajanta cave 24 as abandoned, ample, unfinished second-phase caverns.

Abandoned, incomplete 96.13- by 96.13-foot (29.3- by 29.3-meter) Ajanta cave 24 knows smaller dimensions than abandoned, unfinished 114.83- by 91.86-foot (35- by 28-meter) Ajanta cave 4.

Ajanta cave 24 never lodged any Sangha community members because it lacked dormitory cells for its monastery chapel, hall, pillared porch, pillared veranda and sanctum sanctorum. Second-phase Ajanta (from Sanskrit अजित, "invincible") monastery caves 20, 21, 25 and, albeit abandoned as mysteriously as Ajanta cave 24, 22 and 23 maintain dormitory cells. Ajanta Caves and Ajanta village, 6.84 miles (11 kilometers) to the southeast, net an attribute name for Maitreya Buddha (from Sanskrit मैत्रेय, "benevolent" and बुद्ध, "awakened").

Ajanta cave 24 offers the 200th anniversary year of European-accessed Ajanta cave wall paintings and sculptures the predecessor to Maitreya Buddha of the 25th century C.E.

The sanctum sanctorum of Ajanta cave 24 presents Gautama (from Sanskrit गोतम, "light [dispels] darkness") Buddha (624?-544 B.C.E.?) in a seated position with both legs dangling.

Ajanta cave wall paintings and sculptures queue up Sakyan Crown Prince Siddhartha Gautama, as enlightened 35- to 80-year-old Gautama Buddha, in sitting, standing, walking mindful meditations. They reveal the seven-day entranced 35-year-old cross-legged atop kusa grass (Desmostachya bipinnata) or lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) pads under the Neranjara River area bodhi tree (Ficus religiosa). They show him seated pralamba padasana ("pendant-legged") atop a lion-legged throne or cross-legged, while shaded and sheltered under a cobra-headed hood, atop cobra (Naja naja) coils.

Ajanta cave 24 treats the 200th anniversary year of European-accessed Ajanta cave wall paintings and sculptures to a big monastery with a shrine but without dormitories.

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

a capital, with flying figures, in Ajanta Cave 24, depicted in woodcut carved from photograph; J. Ferguson and J. Burgess, The Cave Temples of India (1880), woodcut no. 42, page 157: via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/cavetemplesofind00ferguoft/page/157

For further information:

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Earth and Space News

Friday, November 15, 2019

200th Anniversary Year of Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings: Ajanta Cave 24

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