Earth and Space News: October 2021

Summary: Velvet trees, Unlike The Tourist, season 1 episode 6 Monday, Nov. 1, 2021, on police procedural television series NCIS: Hawai’i, are as they appear.

The common name purple plague accompanies the acclaimed undersides of Miconia calvescens (for Francesc Micó [baptized May 28, 1528-1592]; from Latin calvescens, "balding, [young leaves] having no [stellate] hairs") foliage. It acknowledges the consequent over-shading and underwatering of any plants under such large leaves. It acts adversely against young Hawaiian myrtles (ohia lehua [from Polynesian *kafika, "Malay mountain apple (Syzygium malaccense) via Hawaiian ʻōhiʻa lehua]) locally, Metrosideros polymorpha scientifically) so acclaimed by ancient and traditional Hawaiian culture; Tuesday, Nov. 18, 2003, 17:00:19, image of Kim Starr with Miconia calvescens (Miconia) leaf, Hilo, northeastern Hawai'i County (Big Island): Forest & Kim Starr, CC BY 4.0 International, via Starr Environmental

Velvet trees are in the Hawaiian archipelago even as, unlike The Tourist, season 1 episode 6 Monday, Nov. 1, 2021, on police procedural television series NCIS: Hawai’i, they are as they appear.

The 6th episode overall, by director Yangzom Braun and writer Amy Rutberg, balances behaviors bettering or betraying, bewildering or boosting, building or burdening others or themselves. Velvet trees, also called bush currants and miconia commonly and green cancer and purple plagues locally, communicate clearly the control that they command wherever they cluster. Tracheophyte (from Greek τραχεῖα ἀρτηρία φυτά, “jagged windpipe plant”) clade membership discloses their xylem (from Greek ξύλον, “wood[y plant]”) vascular tissue drawing in root-dwelling soluble nutrients.

Angiosperm (fruit-enclosed seeds, from Greek ἀγγεῖον σπέρμα, “container seed”) clade membership emphasizes the energetic seeding that ensures emergence and endurance inside and outside their native America.

Eudicot (from Greek εὖ δι- κοτυληδών, “good two cup-shaped cavity”) clade membership features velvet trees as figuring two embryonic leaves fitted semi-alternately at their stem bases.

Rosid (from Latin rosa -idæ, “rose-like”) clade members guard nutritive, soft tissue dual-layered thicker inside than outside their ovules (structure generating seed, from Latin ōvum, “egg”). Myrtales (from Greek μύρτος via Latin myrtus -ālis, “myrtle-pertaining”) order membership heralds photosynthetic sugar-housing phloem (from Greek φλόος, “bark”) tissue on each side of xylem vessels. Melastomataceae (from Greek μέλας στόμα, “black mouth” and Latin -āceae, “resembling”) family membership indicates the black-purple exteriors of 1/3- to 1/2-inch (0.85- to 1.27-centimeter) diameter fruits.

Velvet trees, unlike The Tourist on NCIS: Hawai’i, journey obviously as jolting, jostling, jousting jeopardizer of what the Hawaiian archipelago jubilates, such as endemic Hawaiian myrtle.

Each black-purple fruit keeps 120- to 230 seeds whose 12-plus-year viability in forest soils ideally kindles 200,000 seedlings from 200,000 seeds in just two flower panicles.

Panicled inflorescences (from Latin pānus -culus, “millet-ear little”; and in- flōrēscere, “in to begin to bloom” via inflōrēscentia) launch the sweet fruits so loved by seed-dispersing birds. Four-year-old, 50-foot (15.24-meter), mature shrubs manifest 3,000,000 oval- to pyramid-shaped, 0.02-inch- (0.5-millimeter-) long seeds from globe-shaped, 0.24- to 0.28-inch (6- to 7-millimeter) diameter berries thrice-plus yearly. One thousand to 3,000 pink-blossomed, white-flowered, 7.9- to 13.8-inch- (20- to 35-centimeter-) long inflorescences niche oblong to ovate, 0.08- to 0.12-inch- (2- to 3-millimeter-) long petals.

The Tourist on NCIS: Hawai’i operates not at all as obviously as velvet trees, observed taxonomically by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle (Feb. 4, 1778-Sep. 9, 1841).

Hawaiian myrtles (ohia lehua [from Polynesian *kafika, "Malay mountain apple (Syzygium malaccense) via Hawaiian ʻōhiʻa lehua]) locally, Metrosideros polymorpha scientifically) appeals to archipelagic audiences as an endemic (from Greek ἐν δῆμος, "in [with one's own] people") on Hawaii, Kauai, Lanai, Maui, Molokai and Oahu islands. Unfortunately botanical garden- and private nursery-arranged appearances of the Mexican, Central and South American native velvet trees (bush currants, green cancer, miconia and purple plague commonly, Miconia calvescens scientifically) assert themselves aggressively against the light-, moisture- and nutrient-sharing native so attune to ancient and traditional Hawaiian cultural biogeographies; Friday, June 8, 2012, 12:01, image of ʻōhiʻa lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha), Kaʻū Desert, leeward desert, Kaʻū District, southern Hawai'i County (Big Island): Ivtorov (I.P. [Ivan Petrovich] Vtorov), CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons

Black-green-topped, elliptic to obovate, opposite-positioned, prominently three-veined, purple-bottomed, 23.6- to 27.6-inch- (60- to 70-centimeter-) long leaves with rounded bases, entire to semi-toothed margins promote dry shade.

Thick stands quit Kauai’s Wailua Game Management Area, Wailua State Park; Maui’s Hana, Huelo, Keanae, Nahiku forests; and Oahu’s Koolau range of moisture, soil and sunlight. The eight main islands regard velvet trees as noxious weeds whose intentional propagation and spread requires repression by Hawaii, Kauai, Maui and Oahu invasive species committees. Botanical gardens and private nurseries started Hawaii-settled velvet trees that stress Hawaiian myrtles (ohia lehua locally, Metrosideros polymorpha scientifically) so sacred to, synchronous with Hawaiian culture.

Velvet trees, unlike The Tourist on NCIS: Hawai’i, transmit true traits in their tremendous leafing, rooting and seeding that takes too much light, moisture and nutrients.

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

The common name purple plague accompanies the acclaimed undersides of Miconia calvescens (for Francesc Micó [baptized May 28, 1528-1592]; from Latin calvescens, "balding, [young leaves] having no [stellate] hairs") foliage. It acknowledges the consequent over-shading and underwatering of any plants under such large leaves. It acts adversely against young Hawaiian myrtles (ohia lehua [from Polynesian *kafika, "Malay mountain apple (Syzygium malaccense) via Hawaiian ʻōhiʻa lehua]) locally, Metrosideros polymorpha scientifically) so acclaimed by ancient and traditional Hawaiian culture; Tuesday, Nov. 18, 2003, 17:00:19, image of Kim Starr with Miconia calvescens (Miconia) leaf, Hilo, northeastern Hawai'i County: Forest & Kim Starr, CC BY 4.0 International, via Starr Environmental @ http://www.starrenvironmental.com/images/image/?q=24582460371; Forest and Kim Starr (Starr Environmental), CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/starr-environmental/24582460371/; Forest & Kim Starr, CC BY 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Starr_031118-0116_Miconia_calvescens.jpg

Velvet trees, also addressed as bush currants, green cancer, miconia and purple plague commonly, admit panicled inflorescences (from Latin pānus -culus, “millet-ear little”; and in- flōrēscere, “in to begin to bloom” via inflōrēscentia). One thousand to 3,000 pink-blooming, white-blossoming flowers with oblong to ovate, 0.08- to 0.12-inch- (2- to 3-millimeter-) long petals adorn 7.9- to 13.8-inch- (20- to 35-centimeter-) long inflorescences; Tuesday, Nov. 18, 2003, 17:00:19, image of Miconia calvescens (Miconia) inflorescence and leaves, Hilo, northeastern Hawai'i County: Forest & Kim Starr, CC BY 4.0 International, via Starr Environmental @ http://www.starrenvironmental.com/images/image/?q=24675989095; Forest and Kim Starr (Starr Environmental), CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/starr-environmental/24675989095/; Forest & Kim Starr, CC BY 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Starr_031118-0109_Miconia_calvescens.jpg

Four-year-old, four-plus-year-old 50-foot (15.24-meter) maturity allows globe-shaped, 0.24- to 0.28-inch (6- to 7-millimeter) diameter berries thrice-plus yearly. Each black-purple fruit keeps 120- to 230 oval- to pyramid-shaped, 0.02-inch- (0.5-millimeter-) long seeds whose 12-plus-year viability in forest soils ideally kindles 200,000 seedlings from 200,000 seeds in just two flower panicles. Each velvet tree amasses 3,000,000 seeds from three, three-plus flowerings, fruitings and seedings each year; Tuesday, Nov. 18, 2003, 17:00:19, image of Miconia calvescens fruit, Hilo, northeastern Hawai'i County: Forest & Kim Starr, CC BY 4.0 International, via Starr Environmental @ http://www.starrenvironmental.com/images/image/?q=24558201092; Forest and Kim Starr (Starr Environmental), CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/starr-environmental/24558201092/; Forest & Kim Starr, CC BY 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Starr_031118-0111_Miconia_calvescens.jpg

For further information:

"About Us." Liliha Bakery > Our Story. Copyrighted 2021.
Available @ https://www.lilihabakery.com/our-story

admin@pxp200.com. 20 November 2017. "Pani Popo -- Try this sticky, gooey Samoan treat." Brought to you by Food Blogger, Susan Cravens Kunz. Polynesian Cultural Center.
Available @ https://polynesia.com/blog/pani-popo-a-sticky-gooey-gotta-have-it-treat-from-samoa

"Aloha & Welcome to Honolulu Zoo." Honolulu Zoo > Visit.
Available @ https://www.honoluluzoo.org/visit-honolulu-zoo/

Anderson, Natali. 12 November 2021. "Earth's Quasi-Satellite Kamooalewa Could Be Fragment of the Moon." Science News > Astronomy.
Available @ https://www.sci.news/astronomy/earths-quasi-satellite-kamooalewa-10266.html

"Anoectochilus sandvicensis Lindl. Hawaiian Jeweled Orchid, Honohono." North American Orchid Conservation Center > Find an Orchid by Name. Copyrighted 2011-2023.
Available @ https://goorchids.northamericanorchidcenter.org/species/anoectochilus/sandvicensis/

"Arothron hispidus (Linnaeus, 1758) White-spotted puffer." Fishbase > Summary. Date assessed 10 June 2011.
Available @ https://www.fishbase.se/summary/arothron-hispidus

Ashworth, Suzanna. 17 February 2011. "Henry Perrine Baldwin." Find a Grave > Memorials > Grave Memorial ID 65758240, citing Makawao Cemetery, Makawao, Maui County, Hawaii, USA; maintained by Keeper of the Stars (contributor 47216601).
Available @ https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/65758240/henry-perrine-baldwin

Bailey, Chris. 21 October 2008. "What's the Story Behind Hawaii's Flag?" Hawai'i Magazine. Copyright 2023 HAWAI'I Magazine.
Available @ https://www.hawaiimagazine.com/whats-the-story-behind-hawaiis-flag/

Baker, Paul E. "Melamprosops phaeosoma." Scientifiblib.com > English > Biology > Animalia > Chordata > Aves.
Available @ https://www.scientificlib.com/en/Biology/Animalia/Chordata/Aves/MelamprosopsPhaeosoma01.html#:~:text=2.,(%CF%80%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%89%CF%80%CE%BF)%20%22face%22.

Beer, Amy-Jane. 2009. Tigers. Danbury CT: Grolier imprint, Scholastic Library Publishing.

Bergner, Jennifer B.; and Darryl Z. Seligman. 22 March 2023. "Acceleration of 1I/'Oumuamua from radiolytically produced H2 in H2O ice." Nature 615: 610-613 (2023). https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05687-w
Available @ https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05687-w

"Biogeography of tropical terrestrial orchids and their mycorrhizal fungi." Hynson Lab > Research > Previous projects. Honolulu HI: Hynson Lab, Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii Manoa.
Available @ https://hynsonlab.com/research/

BirdLife International. 2019. "Poo-uli Melamprosops phaeosoma." IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T22720863A153774712. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22720863A153774712.en
Available @ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22720863/153774712

"Blind Curves." NCIS: Hawai'i. Los Angeles CA: CBS Studios, 26 September 2022 and 2 January 2023.

"Boom." NCIS: Hawai'i. Los Angeles CA: CBS Studios, 27 September 2021.

Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI); IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group; J. de Santiago; J.A. Meave; G. Ibarra-Manríquez; G. Cornejo-Tenorio. 2019. "Bush Currant Miconia calvescens." IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T49278524A136781990. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T49278524A136781990.en
Available @ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/49278524/136781990

Brandt, Sue R. 1992. "Hawaii: The Fiftieth State, 1959." Page 20. State Flags Including the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. New York (NY); Chicago (IL); London (England UK); Toronto (ON Canada); and Sydney (Australia).

"Bread Crumbs." NCIS: Hawai'i. Los Angeles CA: CBS Studios, 10 April 2023.

Briggs, Mike and Peggy. 2006. "Tigers." Pages 152-175. In: Spirit of the Wild Cat. Bath, England UK: Paragon Publishing.

Brooks, Douglas. Fall 2014. "Japanese Wooden Boatbuilding: History and Traditions." Maritime Asia 19:2. Association for Asian Studies > Publications > Education About Asia > Archives > Education About Asia: Online Archives.
Available @ https://www.asianstudies.org/publications/eaa/archives/japanese-wooden-boatbuilding-history-and-traditions/

Bruegmann, M.M.; & V. Caraway. 2003. "Anoectochilus sandvicensis." The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species in 2003: e.T44091A10851106. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2003.RLTS.T44091A10851106.en.
Available @ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/44091/10851106

"Cabin Fever." NCIS: Hawai'i. Los Angeles CA: CBS Studios, May 1, 2023.

Campbell, Kimo. (Ed.). 1997. The Kumulipo: An Hawaiian Creation Myth. Second printing. Honolulu HI: Pueo Press. First Pueo Press edition. San Francisco CA: Pueo Press, 1978. Firrst published by Boston MA: Lee and Shepard, 1897.
Available @ http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/GG/FACULTY/ROWLAND/GG104/Readings/Liliuokalani_1897.pdf

"Canthigaster jactator (Jenkins, 1901) Hawaiian whitespotted toby." Fishbase > Summary. Date assessed 8 June 2011.
Available @ https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/summary/7844

Carr, Dr. Gerald (Gerry). "Liparis hawaiensis, 'awapuhiakanaloa, twayblade." University of Hawaii Department of Botany > Hawaiian Plants Access Page > Hawaiian Native Plant Genera > Orchidaceae > Liparis.
Available @ http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/liparis.htm

Casey, Tonnie L.C.; and J.D. Jacobi. 1974. "A new genus and species of bird from the Island of Maui, Hawaii (Passeriformes: Drepanididae)." Occasional Papers. Bernice P. Bishop Museum (24): 216–226.
Available @ http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/pubs-online/pdf/op24-12.pdf

CBR. 25 June 2019. "Anoectochilus sandvicensis." The University of Texas at Austin > Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center > Plant Database > Native Plants > Search Plants > Find Plants > Enter a Plant Name.
Available @ https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=ANSA2

CBR. 25 June 2019. "Liparis hawaiensis." The University of Texas at Austin > Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center > Plant Database > Native Plants > Search Plants > Find Plants > Enter a Plant Name.
Available @ https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=LIHA2

Cheng, Martha. 26 December 2016. "6 Foods That Tell the Real Story of Hawaii." First We Feast > Features > Hawaii Food History.
Available @ https://firstwefeast.com/features/hawaii-food-history/

"Chief Ke-eaumoku ('Īo)." Geni > People > public profile. Copyrighted 2023.
Available @ https://www.geni.com/people/Chief-Ke%CA%BBeaumoku-%C4%AAo/6000000006915262116

Consilio, Kristen. 30 September 2010. "Construction of Safeway to start by end of 2010." Star Advertiser > Business. Copyrighted 2023.
Available @ https://www.staradvertiser.com/2010/09/30/business/construction-of-safeway-to-start-by-end-of-2010/

Cooper, Jason. 1997. "Siberian Tiger Cousins." Pages 18-19. In: Siberian Tiger: Giants Among Us. Vero Beach FL: Rourke Book Co., Inc.

"Curtain Call." NCIS: Hawai'i. Los Angeles CA: CBS Studios, April 23, 2023; November 21, 2022.

Dana, James D. (Dwight). 1848. "2. Corallium Secundum. (Dana.)." In: Zoophytes. United States Exploring Expedition During the Years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 Under the Command of Charles Wilkes, U.S.N. Philadelphia [Pa}: Lea and Blanchard 7: 641. "C. ramulosum, in plano expansum, polypis secundum, ad apice ramiculorum dispositis et sape binis; axe calcareo, levi, pallidè carneo aut albo, crustáque coccineá. "Ramulose, branching in a plane; polyps confined to one surface, mostly placed at the apex of very small branchlets and often in twos: axis calcareous, smooth, pale flesh-red or white, crust scarlet. "Plate 60, fig. 1, zoophyte, natural size. "This species is peculiar in having the branches arranged in a single plane, and the polyps confined to one surface. They open mostly at the extremities of slender calcareous processes. The only specimen seen by the author, was procured at the Sandwich Islands; but it may have been brought by shipping from some other locality. It is five inches high and eight broad, with the stem at base half an inch thick. The crust still remains dried on the axis and the right rays of the closed polyps may be easily distinguished."
Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/18990139

Davis, Phil; and Steve Carney. "'Oumuamua." Page updated Dec. 19, 2019. NASA > Solar System Exploration > Our Galactic Neighborhood > Asteroids, Comets & Meteors > Comets. Site maintained by the Planetary Science Communications team at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory for NASA's Science Mission Directorate. Site last updated April 26, 2023.
Available @ https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/asteroids-comets-and-meteors/comets/oumuamua/in-depth/

"Deep Fake." NCIS: Hawai'i. Los Angeles CA: CBS Studios, 9 January 2023.

"Dies Irae." NCIS: Hawaii. Los Angeles CA: CBS Studios, May 22, 2023.

Donaldson, Terry J. 2003. "White-spotted puffer." Page 481. In: Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. Second Edition. Volume 5, Fishes II. Edited by Michael Hutchins, Dennis A. Thoney, Paul V. Loiselle and Neil Schlager. Farmington Hills MI: Gale Group.

Drysdale, Peter. 3 April 2012. "Georges Alexander McElroy De Souza Canavarro." Find a Grave > Memorials > Grave Memorial ID 88033632, citing Old Wye Episcopal Church Cemetery, Wye Mills, Talbot County, Maryland, USA; maintained by Peter Drysdale (contributor 46883597).
Available @ https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/88033632/georges-alexander_mcelroy-de_souza_canavarro

Engle, Erika. "Schuman Carriage to shut its doors." Honolulu Star-Bulletin > Archives. Copyrighted 2004.
Available @ https://archives.starbulletin.com/2004/09/29/news/story1.html

Express News Service. 16 November 2021. "Explained: What is Kamo'oalewa?" The Indian Express > News > Explained.
Available @ https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/this-word-means-kamooalewa-7622853/

"Family Ties." NCIS: Hawai'i. Los Angeles CA: CBS Studios, 13 March 2023.

FAPESP. 28 June 2017. "The stable retrograde orbit of the Bee-Zed asteroid explained." PhysOrg > Astronomy & Science > Astronomy.
Available @ https://phys.org/news/2017-06-stable-retrograde-orbit-bee-zed-asteroid.html

"The Fourteenth Era." Sacred Texts > Topics > Pacific > Hawaii > The Kumulipo.
Available @ https://www.sacred-texts.com/pac/lku/lku15.htm

"Gaijin." NCIS: Hawai'i. Los Angeles CA: CBS Studios, Oct. 18, 2021; Dec. 13, 2021; May 30, 2022.

"Good Samaritan." NCIS: Hawai'i. Los Angeles CA: CBS Studios, 27 February 2023.

Gosline, W. A. 1952. A new atherinid fish of the genus Iso from the Hawaiian Islands. Pacific Science. 6: 47-50.

Gram. 17 January 2015. "Mrs Margaret Evaline Williams Rego." Find a Grave > Memorial page for Mrs Margaret Evaline Williams Rego (16 Apr 1916-18 Dec 2014) > Grave Memorial ID 141432448, citing Diamond Head Memorial Park, Honolulu, Honolulu County, Hawaii, USA. Maintained by Gram (contributor 47418868).
Available @ https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/141432448/margaret-evaline-rego

Gram. 16 May 2011. "Frank Leonard "Leonard" Rego." Find a Grave > Memorial page for Frank Leonard "Leonard" Rego (12 Sep 1915-6 Jun 1980) > Grave Memorial ID 69924158, citing Diamond Head Memorial Park, Honolulu, Honolulu County, Hawaii, USA. Maintained by Gram (contributor 47418868).
Available @ https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/69924158/frank-leonard-rego

"Gustavus Adolphus Schuman 1867-1930 (62 years)." Our Family History and Ancestry > Our Family Histories. Famille Morin site powered by The Next Generation of Genealogy Sitebuilding v. 13.0.3, written by Darrin Lythgoe. Maintained by Joel Morin. Last Modified 6 November 2020. Copyrighted 2001-2023.
Available @ http://tng.famille-morin.com/getperson.php?personID=I31124&tree=15sep2020&sitever=standard

Hammerson, G. 2004-09-10. "Melamprosops phaeosoma Po'Ouli. NatureServe Explorer.
Available @ https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.102431/Melamprosops_phaeosoma

Hardy, G.; L. Jing; J.L. Leis; M. Liu; K. Matsuura; K. Shao. 2014. "White-spotted Puffer Arothron hispidus." IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e.T193699A2262231. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T193699A2262231.en
Available @ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/193699/2262231

"Haw. Code R. § 13-37-3 -- Permitted Activities." Cornell Law School > Legal Information Institute > State Regulations > Hawaii Code of Rules > Title 13 - Department of Land and Natural Resources > Subtitle 4 - Fisheries > Part I - Marine Life Conservation Districts > Chapter 37 - Old Kona Airport Marine Life Conservation District, Hawaii.
Available @ https://www.law.cornell.edu/regulations/hawaii/Haw-Code-R-SS-13-37-3

"Hawaii Bog Orchid (Platanthera holochila)." Center for Plant Conservation > Plant Profile > Platanthera holochila. Copyrighted 2020.
Available @ https://saveplants.org/plant-profile/3517/Platanthera-holochila/Hawaii-Bog-Orchid/

Hawaii State Data Center. Korean Population by County, Island and Census Tract in the State of Hawaii: 2010. Hawaii State Data Center Report Number 2010-7. Honolulu HI: State of Hawaii; Dept. of Business, Economic Development and Tourism; Research and Economic Analysis Division; Statistics and Data Support Branch, 2012.
Available @ https://files.hawaii.gov/dbedt/census/Census_2010/SF1/HSDC2010-7_Korean.pdf

"Hawaiian Name(s): nīoi." Bishop Museum > Hawaiian Ethnobotany Online Database. Copyrighted 2023.
Available @ http://data.bishopmuseum.org/ethnobotanydb/ethnobotany.php?b=d&ID=nioi

“Hawaiian surf sardine Iso hawaiiensis ‘Iao or Hawaiian silverside Atherinomorus insularum Nehu or Hawaiian anchovy Encrasicolina purpurea.” State of Hawai'i > Department of Land and Natural Resources > Wildlife > Files > Hawai'i’s State Wildlife Action Plan > Marine Fishes. Dated 1 October 2015 (Last Updated October 2005).
Available @ https://dlnr.hawaii.gov/wildlife/files/2019/03/SWAP-2015-Baitfish-Final.pdf

Hillebrand, William, M.D. 1888. "1. Holochila, sp. n." Page 432. In: Flora of the Hawaiian Islands: A Description of Their Phanerogams and Vascular Cryptogams. Annotated and Published After the Author's Death by W. F. Hillebrand. London [England UK]: Williams & Norgate; New York [NY USA]: B. Westermann & Co.; and Heidelberg [Germany]: Carl Winter, University-Bookseller.
Available @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15638532

Hinckley, Story. 22 October 2015. "11. Po'o-uli (Black-faced Honeycreeper), Melamprosops phaeosoma, 2004." In: "14 animals declared extinct in the 21st century." The Christian Science Monitor > Topics > Science.
Available @ https://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2015/1022/14-animals-declared-extinct-in-the-21st-century/Po-o-uli-Black-faced-Honeycreeper-Melamprosops-phaeosoma-2004

"holokū. 1. n. A loose, seamed dress with a yoke and usually with a train, patterned after the Mother Hubbards of the missionaries. Cf. the muʻumuʻu, which formerly was not yoked and has no train or seam. Both garments are frequently made of gaily patterned material. 2. n. Cloak (Isa. 59.17), mantle (Hal. 109.29). 3. vs. Evenly plump, stout and symmetrical. Cf. kolopū, pahupū." Ulukau Hawaiian Electronic Library > Hawaiian Dictionaries > English to Hawaiian > Customize Search > enter a word > look it up.
Available @ https://wehewehe.org/gsdl2.85/cgi-bin/hdict?a=q&r=1&hs=1&m=-1&o=-1&qto=4&e=q-11000-00---off-0hdict--00-1----0-10-0---0---0direct-10-ED--4--textpukuielbert%252ctextmamaka%252ctextandrew%252ctextparker%252ctextchd-----0-1l--11-en-Zz-1---Zz-1-home-holok%25c5%25ab--00-4-1-00-0--4----0-0-11-00-0utfZz-8-00&q=holok%C5%AB&fqv=textpukuielbert%252ctextmamaka&af=1&fqf=ED#hero-bottom-banner

Honebrink, Randy. 2016. "Goatfish." Pages 65-66. In: Fishing in Hawaii: A Student Manual. Honolulu HI: Division of Aquatic Resources, Department of Land and Natural Resources.
Available @ https://dlnr.hawaii.gov/dar/files/2016/03/Fishing_in_Hawaii.pdf

Hoover, John P. June 2004. "Hawaiian Whitespotted Toby Canthigaster jactator." Hawaiisfishes > Fishes > past fishes of the month > Fish of the Month - June 2004.
Available @ http://www.hawaiisfishes.com/fish_of_month/past_fom/fom_06_04.htm

Jones, Andrew. 30 June 2021. "China outlines space plans to 2025." SpaceNews.
Available @ https://spacenews.com/china-outlines-space-plans-to-2025/

"Kamehameha the Great, king of Hawai'i. Geni > People > Surnames Index > Find discussions, information, and profiles for any last name > Search surnames > Nauku Genealogy and Nauku Family History Information. Copyrighted 2023.
Available @ https://www.geni.com/people/Kamehameha-the-Great-king-of-Hawai-i/6000000006914002194

Kashinsky, L. 1997. "Platanthera holochila Hawai'i Bog Orchid." Rev. 2014 by A. Treher. NatureServe Explorer > Search for species and ecosystems > Species. Page last published March 3, 2023.
Available @ https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.158488/Platanthera_holochila

Kathy. 21 August 2020. "The Canoe Plants of Hawaii." Onolicious Hawai'i > Hawaii Life.
Available @ https://onolicioushawaii.com/canoe-plants/

Kay, Peter. "Long-Spined Venomous Sea Urchins." Hawaii's Dangerus Ocean Critters.
Available @ https://www.livinginhawaii.com/hawaiis-dangerous-ocean-critters/

Kim, Alice. "Ford Cars in Hawaii." Hawai'i Digital Newspaper Project > Historical Feature Articles.
Available @ https://sites.google.com/a/hawaii.edu/ndnp-hawaii/Home/historical-feature-articles/ford-cars-in-hawaii

Kim, Alice. "Locomobiles in Hawaii." Hawai'i Digital Newspaper Project > Historical Feature Articles.
Available @ https://sites.google.com/a/hawaii.edu/ndnp-hawaii/Home/historical-feature-articles/locomobiles

Knight, David Blewster. 9 September 2014. "Edward Davies Tenney." Find a Grave > Memorials > Grave Memorial ID 135648071, citing O'ahu Cemetery, Honolulu, Honolulu County, Hawaii, USA; maintained by David Blewster Knight (contributor 47958606).
Available @ https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/135648071/edward-davies-tenney

Knight, David Blewster. 4 June 2013. "Ben Hollinger." Find a Grave > Memorials > Grave Memorial ID 111785751, citing O'ahu Cemetery, Honolulu, Honolulu County, Hawaii, USA; maintained by David Blewster Knight (contributor 47958606).
Available @ https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/111785751/ben-hollinger

Koppelman, Robert; and Stan Klein. 2021. "Hawaii's Coinage 1847-1883." CoinSite.
Available @ https://coinsite.com/hawaii-coinage-1847-1883/

"Kua-kini." Ulukau: The Hawaiian Electronic Library > Ulukau Collections > Hawaiian Dictionaries > enter a word.
Available in English @ https://wehewehe.org/gsdl2.85/cgi-bin/hdict?e=d-11000-00---off-0hdict--00-1----0-10-0---0---0direct-10-ED--4-------0-1lpp--11-haw-Zz-1---Zz-1-home-Kuakini--00-3-1-00-0--4----0-0-11-00-0utfZz-8-00&d=D86777&l=en

Kuo, Michael. July 2020. "Inonotus obliquus." MushroomExpert.Com Web site > Major Groups > Polypores.
Available @ http://www.mushroomexpert.com/inonotus_obliquus.html

"Kupua." Ulukau: The Hawaiian Electronic Library > Ulukau Collections > Hawaiian Dictionaries > enter a word.
Available in English @ https://wehewehe.org/gsdl2.85/cgi-bin/hdict?e=d-11000-00---off-0hdict--00-1----0-10-0---0---0direct-10-ED--4-------0-1lp0--11-haw-Zz-1---Zz-1-home-kupua--00-3-1-00-0--4----0-0-11-00-2utfZz-8-00&d=D74664&l=en

"Legacy." NCIS: Hawai'i. Los Angeles CA: CBS Studios, 25 July 2022; Jan. 31, 2022; Nov. 29, 2021.

Leonhardt, Kenneth W.; and Glenn I. Teves. April 2002. "Pikake: A Fragrant-Flowered Plant for Landscapes and Lei Production." In: Ornamentals and Flowers OF-29: 1-4. Mānoa, Honolulu City and County, O'ahu County, Hawai'i: Cooperative Extension Service, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa.
Available @ https://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/oc/freepubs/pdf/of-29.pdf

Lessios, H. A.; B. D. Kessing; and J. S. Pearse. 1 May 2001. "Population Structure And Speciation In Tropical Seas: Global Phylogeography Of The Sea Urchin Diadema." Evolution 55(5): 955-975. https://doi.org/10.1554/0014-3820(2001)055[0955:PSASIT]2.0.CO;2. Received 25 May 2000; Accepted 1 December 2000; Published 1 May 2001.
Available @ https://bioone.org/journals/evolution/volume-55/issue-5/0014-3820_2001_055_0955_PSASIT_2.0.CO_2/POPULATION-STRUCTURE-AND-SPECIATION-IN-TROPICAL-SEAS--GLOBAL-PHYLOGEOGRAPHY/10.1554/0014-3820(2001)055[0955:PSASIT]2.0.CO;2.short

Letman, Jon (Ed.) "A New Place to Experience the Ancient Story of Canoe Plants in McBryde Garden." National Tropical Botanical Garden > News > Exploring Hawaiian Life Through Canoe Plants.
Available @ https://ntbg.org/news/exploring-hawaiian-life-through-canoe-plants/#:~:text=At%20the%20heart%20of%20the,voyagers%20to%20reach%20the%20islands.

"liliha." Ulukau Hawaiian Electronic Library > Hawaiian Dictionaries > English to Hawaiian > Customize Search > enter a word > look it up.
Available @ https://wehewehe.org/gsdl2.85/cgi-bin/hdict?d=&l=en&e=q-11000-00---off-0hdict--00-1----0-10-0---0---0direct-10-ED--4--textpukuielbert%2Ctextmamaka-----0-1l--11-en-Zz-1---Zz-1-home-liliha--00-3-1-00-0--4----0-0-11-00-0utfZz-8-00

Lindgren, Jeanne. 15 August 2013. "Making it Big. Pufferfish." Hawaii Nature Journal > Hawaii Plants and Animals in the Backyard and Beyond > Categories > Fish.
Available @ https://hawaiinaturejournal.weebly.com/hawaii-plants-and-animals-in-the-backyard-and-beyond/previous/9

Linnaeus, C. 1758. "Pisces Branchiostegi. Tetraodon. hiſpidus." Page 333. In: Systema Naturae per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiæ: impensis direct. Laurentii Salvii. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542: 333.
"hiſpidus. 5. T. totus hiſpidus papillis ſetaceis. Chin, Lagerſtr. 23. Oſtracion tetraodon ventricoſus, corpore toto muricato. D.9. P.17. V.0. A.10. C.10. Art. gen. 58. ſyn. 83. Oſtracion tetraodon ſphæricus, aculeis undique exiguis.
"Habitat in India."
Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/727244

"Liparis hawaiensis H. Mann Awapuhiakanaloa, Hawaiian Twayblade." North American Orchid Conservation Center > Find an Orchid by Name. Copyrighted 2011-2023.
Available @ https://goorchids.northamericanorchidcenter.org/species/liparis/hawaiensis/

Macdonald-Kainoa, Liana. 9 December 2020. "Mōʻike: Dream Interpretation." 'Akahiao Nature Institute > Blog > [Page] 3 [of 4].
Available @ https://www.akahiao.org/single-post/m%C5%8D%CA%BBike-dream-interpretation

Margrave, Kathy. 31 January 2009. "Francisco Jose Testa." Find a Grave > Memorials > Grave Memorial ID 33416689, citing O'ahu Cemetery, Honolulu, Honolulu County, Hawaii, USA; maintained by Kathy Margrave (contributor 46545595).
Available @ https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/33416689/francisco-j_-testa

"Marine Life Profile: Long-Spined Venomous Sea Urchins." Honolulu HI: Education Department, Waikīkī Aquarium, University of Hawai'i-Mānoa. Dated 9 September.
Available via Wayback Machine @ https://web.archive.org/web/20120611055143/http://www.waquarium.org/_library/images/education/marinelifeprofiles/wana0909.pdf

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 October 2021. "Keke Hawaiian Stripebelly Puffers Are Not in Gaijin on NCIS: Hawai’i."
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/10/keke-hawaiian-stripebelly-puffers-are.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 September 2021. "Illegal Explosives Add Noise Pollution to NCIS: Hawai’i Episode Boom." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/09/illegal-explosives-add-noise-pollution.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 August 2020. "Hinahina Beach Heliotrope Abhors Bombs on Magnum’s Nowhere to Hide." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/08/hinahina-beach-heliotrope-abhors-bombs.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 February 2020. "He'e Makoko Hawaiian Octopuses Are Like Five-0's He Waha Kou O Ka He'e." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/02/hee-makoko-hawaiian-octopuses-are-like.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 November 2019. "Ka'upu Black-Footed Albatrosses Avert Magnum's A Bullet Named Fate." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/11/kaupu-black-footed-albatrosses-avert.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 April 2019. "Laysan Albatrosses: Earth Day 2019, Five-0 Season 9 Episode 22 Icons." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/04/laysan-albatrosses-earth-day-2019-five.html

Mazza, Giuseppe. "Canthigaster jactator." English translation by Mario Beltramini. Monaco Nature Encyclopedia > English.
Available @ https://www.monaconatureencyclopedia.com/canthigaster-jactator/?lang=en

"Meat Jun." Nowfeed.me. Blog powered by Word Press. Posted 28 May 2011.
Available @ https://web.archive.org/web/20121116152729/http://nowfeed.me/2011/05/meat-jun/

Meech, Karen J.; Robert Weryk; Marco Micheli; Jan T. Kleyna; Olivier R. Hainaut; Robert Jedicke; Richard J. Wainscoat; Kenneth C. Chambers; Jacqueline V. Keane; Andreea Petric; Larry Denneau; Eugene Magnier; Travis Berger; Mark E. Huber; Heather Flewelling; Chris Waters; Eva Schunova-Lilly; and Serge Chastel. 20 November 2017. "A Brief Visit From The First Interstellar Asteroid Reveals a Red Extremely Elongated Body." Published on paper Dec. 21-28 [2017] issue. DOI: Nature 10.1038/nature25020.
Available @ https://home.ifa.hawaii.edu/users/meech/papers/2017/Meech2017-Nature552.pdf

"Melamprosops phaeosoma Casey & Jacobi, 1974: 219. Po'ouli, Po'o-uli, Poouli, Po'o uli, Poo-uli, Black-faced honeycreeper." The Recently Extinct Plants and Animals Database > The Database > Animals > Phylum Chordata (Chordates) > Class Aves (Birds) > Order Passeriformes (Passerine Birds) > Scientific Name. Copyrighted 2023.
Available @ https://recentlyextinctspecies.com/passeriformes-passerine-birds/melamprosops-phaeosoma

Mendoza, Jordan. 11 November 2021. "A near-Earth asteroid the size of a Ferris wheel may be a piece of the moon, astronomers say." USA TODAY > Story > News > World.
Available @ https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2021/11/11/ferris-wheel-sized-asteroid-kamooalewa-moon/6393773001/

"Misplaced Targets." NCIS: Hawai'i. Los Angeles CA: CBS Studios, 6 February 2023.

Morais, H; and F. Namouni. 30 March 2017. "Reckless orbiting in the Solar System." Nature 543: 635-636. https://doi.org/10.1038/543635a
Available @ https://www.nature.com/articles/543635a

Mou, Judy; and Ian Webster. 2023. "Kamo'oalewa 469219 Kamo'oalewa (2016 HO3)." Space Reference > Apollo-class Asteroids.
Available @ https://www.spacereference.org/asteroid/469219-kamooalewa-2016-ho3

National Geographic. 2009. "Hidden Hawaii: National Parks Collection." New York NY: National Geographic Channel; and Burbank CA: Warner Brothers Home Video.

NCIS: Hawai'i's Boom (season 1, episode 2), directed by Larry Teng and produced by Jan Nash and Christopher Silber: NCIS: Hawai'i @NCISHawaiiCBS, via Facebook Sep. 25, 2021, @ https://www.facebook.com/NCISHawaiiCBS/videos/278071637448988/

NCIS: Hawai'i's Boom (season 1, episode 2): NCIS: Hawai'i @NCISHawaiiCBS, via Facebook Sep. 24, 2021, @ https://www.facebook.com/NCISHawaiiCBS/posts/229743825866584/?type=3&theater/

"Nightwatch." NCIS: Hawai'i. Los Angeles CA: CBS Studios, May 2, 2022; Nov. 28, 2022; May 2, 2022.

"Nightwatch Two." NCIS: Hawai'i. Los Angeles CA: CBS Studios, May 8, 2023.

"1982 King Kalakaua Silver Kala Dala - First Day of Issue." Royal Hawaiian Mint > Issues by Year > 1980-1984.
Available @ https://www.royalhawaiianmint.com/issues-by-year/1980-1984-issues/1982-king-kalakaua-kala-dala-first-day-of-issue.html

Noise Reference Manual. Big Island Edition, July 2017. Originally developed 03/2001 by the Oahu Noise Advisory Committee. Aiea HI: State Department of Health, Indoor and Radiological Health Branch, Noise Section.
Available @ https://health.hawaii.gov/irhb/files/2013/07/noiserefbi.pdf

Noise Reference Manual. Kauai Edition, July 2017. Originally developed 03/2001 by the Oahu Noise Advisory Committee. Aiea HI: State Department of Health, Indoor and Radiological Health Branch, Noise Section.
Available @ https://health.hawaii.gov/irhb/files/2013/07/noiserefkauai.pdf

Noise Reference Manual. Maui Edition, July 2017. Originally developed 03/2001 by the Oahu Noise Advisory Committee. Aiea HI: State Department of Health, Indoor and Radiological Health Branch, Noise Section.
Available @ https://health.hawaii.gov/irhb/files/2013/07/noiserefmaui.pdf

Noise Reference Manual. Oahu Edition, July 2017. Originally developed 03/2001 by the Oahu Noise Advisory Committee. Aiea HI: State Department of Health, Indoor and Radiological Health Branch, Noise Section.
Available @ https://health.hawaii.gov/irhb/files/2017/08/noiserefoahu.pdf

"Nurture." NCIS: Hawai'i. Los Angeles CA: CBS Studios, 25 March 2023; 7 November 2022; 18 April 2022.

Obungen, Thomas. 23 October 2019. "Readers Poll: Here's Your Top 5 Meat Jun on O'ahu." Honolulu Magazine > Frolic Hawai'i > Top 5 > (Page) 2.
Available @ https://www.honolulumagazine.com/you-voted-heres-your-top-5-meat-jun/

Ogle, Y. 22 July 1987. "Anoectochilus sandvicensis Hawai'i Jeweled Orchid." NatureServe Explorer > Search Species. Page Last Published 3 March 2023.
Available @ https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.145115/Anoectochilus_sandvicensis

Options for the Establishment of a Koreatown in the City and County of Honolulu: A Report to the Hawaii State Legislature in Response to H.C.R. 169, Twenty-Sixth Legislature, 2012. Honolulu HI: Office of Planning, Department of Business, Economic Development & Tourism, State of Hawaii, December 2013.
Available @ https://files.hawaii.gov/dbedt/op/czm/final_koreatown_report.pdf

Overbye, Dennis. 23 March 2021. "Why Oumuamua, the Interstellar Visitor, Looks Eerily Familiar." The New York Times > Science > Astronomy > Out There.
Available @ nytimes.com/2021/03/23/science/astronomy-oumuamua-comet.html

"Pao Doce & Other Bread." Leonard's Hawaii > Menu.
Available @ https://www.leonardshawaii.com/menu/

"Past Due." NCIS: Hawaii. Los Angeles CA: CBS Studios, May 15, 2023.

"Peristylus holochila (Hillebr.) N. Hallé. Hawaiian Bog Orchid." North American Orchid Conservation Center > Go Orchids > Find an Orchid by Name. Copyrighted 2011-2023.
Available @ https://goorchids.northamericanorchidcenter.org/species/peristylus/holochila/

"Peristylus holochila (Hillebr.) N. Hallé 1980." Orchidspecies.com.
Available @ http://www.orchidspecies.com/periholochila.htm

Phillipson, Cheryl; Lauren Weisenberger; and Megan Laut. 23 September 2021. "Platanthera holochila (No common name)." U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service > Species > Find a Species > Search by scientific/common name > Hawai'i Bog Orchid > Information & Media > Items 1-10 of 42 > Platanthera holochila 5-yr review 2014 > 5-Year Review. Short Form Summary. Species Review.
Available @ https://ecos.fws.gov/docs/tess/species_nonpublish/3557.pdf

"pī.kake." Ulukau Hawaiian Electronic Library > Hawaiian Dictionaries > English to Hawaiian > Customize Search > enter a word > look it up.
Available @ https://wehewehe.org/gsdl2.85/cgi-bin/hdict?a=q&r=1&hs=1&m=-1&o=-1&qto=4&e=d-11000-00---off-0hdict--00-1----0-10-0---0---0direct-10-ED--4--textpukuielbert%252ctextmamaka-----0-1l--11-en-Zz-1---Zz-1-home-Kohala--00-4-1-00-0--4----0-0-11-00-0utfZz-8-00&q=pikake&fqv=textpukuielbert%252ctextmamaka&af=1&fqf=ED#hero-bottom-banner

"Pirates." NCIS: Hawai'i. Los Angeles CA: CBS Studios, 7 March 2022, 31 October 2022 and 11 February 2023.

"Platanthera holochila. State of Hawaii > Department of Land and Natural Resources > Division of Forestry and Wildlife > Learn > Learn About Species, Conservation Topics, And Places > Meet the Species > Rare Native Plant Species > Hawai'i's Rare Native Plants > Rare Plant Species > Rare plant fact sheets from the State Wildlife Action Plan. Dated September 2013.
Available @ https://dlnr.hawaii.gov/wildlife/files/2013/09/Fact-Sheet-Platanthera-holochila.pdf

"Po'ouli." State of Hawai'i > Department of Land and Natural Resources > Division of Forestry and Wildlife: Wildlife Program > Native Birds of Hawai'i. Copyrighted 2023.
Available @ https://dlnr.hawaii.gov/wildlife/birds/poouli/.

"Po'ouli: Our Most Recent Extinction." Maui Forest Bird Recovery Project > Our Work. Coppyrighted 2018.
Available @ https://www.mauiforestbirds.org/poouli/

"Po'ouli (honeycreeper) (Melamprosops phaeosoma)." U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service > ECOS Environmental Conservation Online System > Species Reports > Species Search.
Available @ https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/1505

"Po'ouli Melamprosops phaeosoma." State of Hawai'i > Hawai'i's State Wildlife Action Plan > Forest Birds. Dated Oct. 1, 2015.
Available @ https://dlnr.hawaii.gov/wildlife/files/2019/03/SWAP-2015-Pooli-Final.pdf

Poe, Edgar Allan. 11 August 2020. "A Dream Within a Dream." Page 801. In: The Complete Tales and Poems of Edgar Allan Poe. New York NY: Rock Point imprint, The Quarto Group.

Pratt, Thane K.; Cameron B. Kepler; and Tonnie L. Casey. 4 March 2020. "Poo-uli Melamprosops phaeosoma." In: A. F. Poole; and F. B. Gill (Eds.). Birds of the World. Version 1.0. Ithaca NY: Cornell Lab or Ornithology. Text last updated Jan. 1, 1997.
Available @ https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/poouli/cur/introduction

"Primal Fear." NCIS: Hawai'i. Los Angeles CA: CBS Studios, Oct. 10, 2022; Feb. 20, 2023.

"Prisoners' Dilemma." NCIS: Hawai'i. Los Angeles CA: CBS Studios, Sep. 19, 2022; April 17, 2023.

Pukui, Mary Kawena; E.W. Haertig; and Catherine A. Lee. 2002. Chapter Four Moe 'Uhane, Hihi'o, A Me Hō'ailona: Dreams and Symbols." Pages 169-207. In: Nānā I Ke Kumu (Look to the Source). Volume II. Queen Lili'uokalani Children's Center Publication. Honolulu HI: Hui Hānai, 1979, 2001, 2002. First published, paperback and hardbound editions, 1979. Reprinted, paperback edition, 2001, 2002. Copyrighted 1972 by The Queen Lili'uokalani Children's Center, Lili'uokalani Trust.
Available @ https://puke.ulukau.org/ulukau-books/cgi-bin/imageserver.pl?oid=EBOOK-QLCC2&getpdf=true

Rachel. 12 July 2019. "The White-Spotted Pufferfish." Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology > Science Island HIMB Community Education Blog > Teacher Resources.
Available @ http://coconutislandnews.blogspot.com/2019/07/the-white-spotted-pufferfish_12.html#:~:text=Its%20Hawaiian%20name%2C%20O'opu,gourd%20shape%20with%20their%20bodies.

Rezky, M.; and E. Soegiartini. 2020. "The orbital dynamics of asteroid 469219 Kamo'oalewa." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1523 012019. Bandung, Indonesia: International Symposium on Space Science, 2019. DOI 10.1088/1742-6596/1523/1/012019
Available @ https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1523/1/012019

"Rising Sun." NCIS: Hawai'i. Los Angeles CA: CBS Studios, Jan. 16, 2023.

Rock, Joseph F. 31 July 1920. "Revised List of Hawaiian Names of Plants Native and Introduced with Brief Descriptions and Notes as to Occurrence and Medicinal or Other Values." Transcribed and annotated by Samuel M. 'Ohukani'ōhi'a Gon III. In: Ethnobotany Research & Applications: A Journal of Plants, People, and Applied Research 6: 405-442. Published Dec. 23, 2008.
Available @ https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/42904aae-6834-4cbb-9acf-354ebc7587b4/content

Ryden, Hope. 1991. "Tiger." Pages 24-25. In: Your Cat's Wild Cousins. New York NY: Lodestar Books.

Seidensticker, Dr. John; and Dr. Susan Lumpkin. 1996. "Tiger." Pages 6-7. Cats and Wild Cats. Washington DC: National Geographic Society.

Shao, K.; K. Matsuura; J.L. Leis; G. Hardy; L. Jing; & M. Liu. 2014. "Canthigaster jactator." The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014: e.T193663A2256343.http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T193663A2256343.en
Available @ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/193663/2256343

"Shield Volcanoes." National Park Service > Article > Volcano Types. Last updated 30 September 2022.
Available @ https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/shield-volcanoes.htm

"Shields Up." NCIS: Hawai'i. Los Angeles CA: CBS Studios, May 14, 2023; Jan. 23, 2023.

"Silent Invasion." NCIS: Hawai'i. Los Angeles CA: CBS Studios, 13 February 2023.

Smith, David G.; Gerald R. Smith; and Paulo A. Buckup. 10 August 2021. "William Alonzo Gosline and the Classification of Fishes." Ichthyology & Herpetology 109(2): 643-655. https://doi.org/10.1643/t2020155.
Available @ https://meridian.allenpress.com/copeia/article-abstract/109/2/643/468541/William-Alonzo-Gosline-and-the-Classification-of?redirectedFrom=fulltext

Soehren, Lloyd. "Kuaokala." Ulukau: The Hawaiian Electronic Library > Ulukau Collections > Hawaiian Place Names > A B C D-E F-G H I J-K L M N O P Q-R S T U V W-Y > J-K. Copyrighted 2002-2019.
Available in English Text @ https://ulukau.org/cgi-bin/hpn?e=d-0hpn--00-0-0--010---4------0-0l--1haw-Zz-1---20-intro---00031-00110escapewin-00escapewin-00&a=d&p=intro&c=hpn&cl=CL2.8&d=HASH01865ff792f5498a9d5fc244&l=en
Available Kikokikona Hawaiʻi @ https://ulukau.org/cgi-bin/hpn?e=d-0hpn--00-0-0--010---4------0-0l--1en-Zz-1---20-intro---00031-00110escapewin-00escapewin-00&a=d&p=intro&c=hpn&cl=CL2.8&d=HASH01865ff792f5498a9d5fc244&l=haw

Soehren, Lloyd. "Puu Konahuanui." Ulukau: The Hawaiian Electronic Library > Ulukau Collections > Hawaiian Place Names > A B C D-E F-G H I J-K L M N O P Q-R S T U V W-Y > P. Copyrighted 2002-2019.
Available in English Text @ https://ulukau.org/cgi-bin/hpn?e=d-0hpn--00-0-0--010---4------0-0l--1haw-Zz-1---20-intro---00031-00110escapewin-00escapewin-00&a=d&p=intro&c=hpn&cl=CL2.13&d=HASH118d60d4e5bc828089555e&l=en

Spangler, Randall. "Hawaii Triggerfishes." Spanglers' Scuba > Marine Life > Hawaii > Fish > (31-40 of 42) > Triggerfishes. San Jose CA. Copyrighted 2013-2023.
Available @ https://scuba.spanglers.com/marine-life/hawaii/triggerfishes

"Stanley, Elizabeth. 2007. Tyger! Tyger! New York NY: Enchanted Lion Books.

Stender, Keoki & Yuko. "Long-Spined Urchin Wana." MarinelifePhotography.com > Invertebrates > Sea Urchins > Diadema paucispinum.
Available @ https://www.marinelifephotography.com/marine/echinoderms/urchins/diadema-paucispinum.htm

"Stolen Valor." NCIS: Hawai'i. Los Angeles CA: CBS Studios, 3 October 2022 and 30 January 2023.

"Sudden Death." NCIS: Hawai'i. Los Angeles CA: CBS Studios, 17 October 2022 and 6 March 2023.

Sullivan, Helen. 4 May 2022. "Extinction obituary: why experts weep for the quiet and beautiful Hawaiian po'ouli." The Guardian : The age of extinction > Hawaii.
Available @ https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/may/04/extinction-obituary-hawaiian-poouli-bird-aoe

Team Beauty of Birds 16 September 2021. "Po'o-uli or Black-faced Honeycreeper." Beauty of Birds > Wild Birds > Bird Species P to Q.
Available @ https://beautyofbirds.com/blackfacedhoneycreepers/

"The Time Is Now: Saving Maui's Honeycreepers Before It Is Too Late." U.S. Department of the Interior > National Park Service > Articles > Haleakalā National Park. Last updated Jan. 31, 2023.
Available @ https://www.nps.gov/articles/the-time-is-now-saving-maui-s-honeycreepers-before-it-is-too-late.htm

"The Tourist." NCIS: Hawai'i. Los Angeles CA: CBS Studios, Nov. 1, 2021.

"'30' Locomobile." The Hawaiian Star. Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii, 11 Sep. 1909. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Washington DC: Library of Congress.
Available @ https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82015415/1909-09-13/ed-1/seq-9/

Taylor, Lois. 19 September 1968. "Senor de Canavarro's castle in Puunui." Honolulu Star-Bulletin > About people > Page 62.
Available @ https://www.newspapers.com/image/270942643/?fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjI3MDk0MjY0MywiaWF0IjoxNjc3Njk0NTI2LCJleHAiOjE2Nzc3ODA5MjZ9.b7QK1NJ1qXtDnX8noH0gdAPyJ25qT8wiMGMxD70NkkI

Toon, Ann and Stephen B. 2003. "Tiger Panthera tigris." Pages 380-381. In: Pages 276-277. In: Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. Second Edition. Volume 14, Mammals III. Edited by Michael Hutchins, Devra G. Kleiman, Valerius Geist and Melissa C. McDade. Farmington Hills MI: Gale Group.

"The Tourist." NCIS: Hawai'i. Los Angeles CA: CBS Studios, Nov. 1, 2021.

Trask, Haunani-Kay. 2004. Ku'e: Thirty Years of Land Struggle in Hawaii. Photographic Essay by Ed Greevy. Honolulu HI: Mutual Publishing.

Trask, Haunani-Kay. 2002. Night Is a Sharkskin Drum. Talanoa: Contemporary Pacific Literature, 7. Honolulu HI: University of Hawaii Press.

Trask, Haunani-Kay. 1999. Light in the Crevice Never Seen. Corvallis OR: Calyx Books.

Trask, Haunani-Kay. 1999. From a Native Daughter: Colonialism and Sovereignty in Hawai'i. Revised, Second Edition. Latitude 20 Book. Honolulu HI: University of Hawaii Press.

Trask, Haunani-Kay. 1987. "The Birth of the Modern Hawaiian Movement: Kalama Valley, O'ahu." The Hawaiian Journal of History 21(1987): 126-153.
Available @ https://www.marxists.org/history/erol/ncm-1a/hawaii.pdf

"2756 Rooke Avenue/ George de S. Canavarro House." Historic Hawai'i Foundation > Historic Places. Copyrighted 2023.
Available @ https://historichawaii.org/2014/03/03/2756-rooke-avenue-george-de-s-canavarro-house/

UH News. 28 June 2019. "International Astronomical Union adopts Hawaiian names for two locally-discovered asteroids." University of Hawaii News > Academic News.
Available @ https://www.hawaii.edu/news/2019/06/28/iau-adopts-asteroids-hawaiian-names/

"Urchins." Pages 33-36. In: Sustainable Herbivore Management. Holomua: Marine 30x30 Initiative. Honolulu HI: State of Hawai'i Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR) Division of Aquatic Resources (DAR). With Letter from the [DAR] Administrator Brian Neiilson. Dated November 2021.
Available @ https://dlnr.hawaii.gov/dar/files/2021/11/Sustainable_Herbivore_Mgmt_2021.pdf

"Urchins; wana in Hawaiian." National Park Service > Kalaupapa National Historical Park > Marine Invertebrates of Kalaupapa Nat'l Hist Park > Family Name Listing > Order: Diadematoida, Family: Diadematidae. Generated 10 March 2007.
Available @ http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/basch/uhnpscesu/htms/kalainvr/family/diademat.htm

"Vanishing Act." NCIS: Hawai'i. Los Angeles CA: CBS Studios, ; 27 March 2023 and 14 November 2022.

Waichulis, Arin. 6 December 2022. "'Oumuamua is now on its way out of the Solar System [Update]." Space Explored > Science.
Available @ https://spaceexplored.com/2022/12/06/remember-oumuamua-what-if-we-told-you-it-hasnt-left-the-solar-system-yet/

"Wana." University of Hawai'i > Waikiki Aquarium > Experience > Animal Guide > Invertebrates > Echinoderms. Honolulu HI.
Available @ https://www.waikikiaquarium.org/experience/animal-guide/invertebrates/echinoderms/wana/

"Wana -- Long Spined Sea Urchin -- Sea Urchin." Hanalei River Heritage Foundation > Project Ho'Okama'Āina > Other Marine Life -- Na Mea Ole Kai Likeole.
Available @ https://hanaleiriverheritagefoundation.org/topic/wana-long-spined-sea-urchin-sea-urchin/

"Wana Hālula (Long-Spined Urchin)." Pacific American Foundation > Aloha 'Āina > Unit Resources > Coral Reef Cards > Grade 7. Dated 2008.
Available @ https://ulukau.org/gsdl2.81/cgi-bin/cbalohaaina?a=pdf&d=D0.15.1.31&aurl=/gsdl2.81/collect/cbalohaaina/index/assoc

"Wana, Sea Urchin Diadema paucispinum, Echinothrix diadema & Echinothrix calamaris." Project Noah > Project Noah Nature School. Copyrighted 2022.
Available @ https://www.projectnoah.org/spottings/15054002

Weigert, P.; M. Connors; and C. Veillet. 30 March 2017. "A retrograde co-orbital asteroid of Jupiter." Nature 543: 687-689. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature22029
Available @ https://www.nature.com/articles/nature22029

Westervelt, W. D. (William Drake). 1916. Hawaiian Legends of Ghosts and Ghost-Gods. Collected and Translated from the Hawaiian. Boston MA: Ellis Press.
Available @ https://www.sacred-texts.com/pac/hlog/index.htm

Westervelt, W. D. (William Drake). 1915. Hawaiian Legends of Old Honolulu. Boston MA: G.H. Ellis Press.
Available @ https://www.sacred-texts.com/pac/hloh/index.htm

Weston, Anna. 2022. "Jewel Orchid Care: The Complete Guide." OrchidBliss > Blog.
Available @ https://orchidbliss.com/jewel-orchid-care-the-complete-guide/

Williams, Lucy. 2022. If Tigers Disappeared. New York NY: Roaring Book Press.

Ylitalo, Jeff. 2021. "Hawaiian Mint King Kalakua 1883-1983 Kala Dala Proof Struck on Scrap." Mint Error News > Features.
Available @ https://minterrornews.com/features-4-29-21-hawaiian-mint-king-kalakua-1883-1983-kala-dala-proof-struck-on-scrap.html

Young, Peter T. 15 March 2018. "Ka'uiki." Images of Old Hawai'i. Place Names.
Available @ https://imagesofoldhawaii.com/kauiki/

Young, Peter T. 8 July 2015. "Carriage to Horseless Carriage." Images of Old Hawai'i > Prominent People. Copyrighted 2012-2021.
Available @ https://imagesofoldhawaii.com/carriage-to-horseless-carriage/

Young, Peter T. 31 May 2015. "Kamehameha's Wives." Images of Old Hawai'i > Ali'i > Chiefs > Governance.
Available @ https://imagesofoldhawaii.com/kamehamehas-wives/

Zettler, Lawrence W.; and Hank Oppenheimer. January 2012. "Hawaii's native orchids: a closer look at the trio." Published February 2012 in Orchids: 100-101. Updated by Lawrence W. Zettler 3 December 2014.
Available via ResearchGate @ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269092872_Hawaii%27s_native_orchids_a_closer_look_at_the_trio

Zumbusch, Amélie von. 2007. "Kinds of Tigers." Page 11. In: Tigers: World's Largest Cats. PowerKids Pess Dangerous Cats. New York NY: The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc.

Earth and Space News

Sunday, October 31, 2021

Velvet Trees, Unlike The Tourist on NCIS: Hawai’i, Are As They Appear