2019-2020 Met Opera Season’s Third Week Has Gershwin, Puccini and Verdi

Summary: The 2019-2020 Met Opera season’s third week has Gershwin, Puccini and Verdi operas of Porgy and Bess, Madama Butterfly, Turandot and Macbeth.

The 2019-2020 Met Opera season revives Italian director Anthony Minghella's vivid staging of Puccini's Madama Butterfly: ‎The Metropolitan Opera @MetOpera via Facebook Jan. 13, 2014

The 2019-2020 Met Opera season’s third week has Gershwin, Puccini and Verdi operas in continuing performances of Porgy and Bess, Turandot and Macbeth and with the season’s premiere of Puccini’s Madama Butterfly.

The 2019-2020 Met Opera season’s third week initiates the introduction of Sunday matinees into the Metropolitan Opera’s weekly schedule. Monday is the designated “dark day” for weeks with Sunday matinees.

The 2019-2020 Met Opera season’s first Sunday matinee features Turandot by Italian opera composer Giacomo Puccini (Dec. 22, 1858-Nov. 29, 1924). The opera’s season premiere happened Thursday, Oct. 3, at 7:30 p.m. Eastern Daylight Time. The first Sunday matinee takes place Sunday, Oct. 6, at 3 p.m.

The 2019-2020 Met Opera season’s third week offers two additional performances of Turandot. The week’s second performance of Turandot, which numbers as the season’s third performance of Puccini’s riddle-themed opera, takes place Wednesday, Oct. 9, at 7:30 p.m. The week’s next performance of Turandot is slated as a Saturday matinee, Oct. 12, at 1 p.m.

The second opera performed during the 2019-2020 Met Opera season’s third week is Macbeth by Italian opera composer Giuseppe Verdi (Oct. 10, 1813-Jan. 27, 1901). The opera’s season premiere happened Wednesday, Sept. 25, at 8 p.m. The week’s first performance of Macbeth, which numbers as the season’s fifth performance of Verdi’s Shakespearean Macbeth, takes place Tuesday, Oct. 8, at 8 p.m. The third week’s next performance of Macbeth is offered Saturday, Oct. 12, at 8:30 p.m.

The 2019-2020 Met Opera season’s third week includes one performance of Porgy and Bess by American composer and pianist George Gershwin (Sept. 26, 1898-July 11, 1937). Gershwin’s folk opera opened the 2019-2020 Met Opera season as a new production Monday, Sept. 23. The third week’s performance of Porgy and Bess takes place Thursday, Oct. 10, at 7:30 p.m.

Puccini’s Madama Butterfly makes its 2019-2020 Met Opera season premiere in the third week. Madama Butterfly opens Friday, Oct. 11, at 7:30 p.m.

Beyond its season premiere, Madama Butterfly receives 13 additional performances during the 2019-2020 Met Opera season. Including the season premiere, 10 performances are scheduled for the autumn. Four performances are slated for spring 2020.

Beyond opening night, October hosts two additional performances of Madama Butterfly. The month’s last two performances take place Tuesday, Oct. 15, at 7:30 p.m. and Friday, Oct. 18, at 8 p.m.

Autumn’s seven remaining performances are offered in November. The month’s performances take place Saturday, Nov. 2, at 1 p.m. EDT; Wednesday, Nov. 6, at 7:30 p.m. Eastern Standard Time; Saturday, Nov. 9, at 1 p.m.; Wednesday, Nov. 13, at 7:30 p.m.; Saturday, Nov. 16, at 8 p.m.; Friday, Nov. 22, at 7:30 p.m.; Monday, Nov. 25, at 7:30 p.m.

Spring’s four performances all happen in April. The month’s performances take place Wednesday, April 1, 2019, at 7:30 p.m. EDT; Saturday, April 4, at 7:30 p.m.; Tuesday, April 7, at 7:30 p.m.; Saturday, April 11, at 8 p.m.

The 2019-2020 Met Opera season’s performances of Madama Butterfly revive the 2006-2007 Met Opera season’s new production directed by Anthony Minghella (Jan. 6, 1954-March 18, 2008). The Italian film, opera and television director and producer’s staging debuted Sept. 25, 2006, as a new production at Met Opera in the opera house’s 799th performance of Puccini’s Japan-themed opera.

Carolyn Choa, Minghella’s widow, heads the production team as director and choreographer. The production team also comprises Michael Levine, set designer; Han Feng, costume designer; Peter Mumford, lighting designer; Blind Summit Theatre, puppetry.

The Metropolitan Opera has staged six revivals of Minghella’s production. The last revival occurred during the 2017-2018 Met Opera season. The 2019-2020 Met Opera season’s performances of Madama Butterfly number as the opera house’s seventh revival of Minghella’s production.

The takeaways for the 2019-2020 Met Opera season’s third week are Puccini’s Turandot numbers as the season’s first Sunday matinee and that the third week also includes the season’s premiere of the seventh revival of Anthony Minghella’s production of Puccini’s Madama Butterfly as well as continuing performances of season opener Porgy and Bess and of Verdi’s Macbeth.

Russian operatic soprano Anna Netrebko and Serbian operatic baritone Željko Lučić reprise their 2014 Met Opera roles as Lady and Lord Macbeth in the 2019-2020 Met Opera season's revival of British theatre director Adrian Noble's production of Verdi's Macbeth: The Metropolitan Opera @MetOpera via Facebook Oct. 11, 2014

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

The 2019-2020 Met Opera season revives Italian director Anthony Minghella's vivid staging of Puccini's Madama Butterfly: ‎The Metropolitan Opera @MetOpera via Facebook Jan. 13, 2014, @ https://www.facebook.com/MetOpera/photos/a.134969600532/10153722939155533/

Russian operatic soprano Anna Netrebko and Serbian operatic baritone Željko Lučić reprise their 2014 Met Opera roles as Lady and Lord Macbeth in the 2019-2020 Met Opera season's revival of British theatre director Adrian Noble's production of Verdi's Macbeth: The Metropolitan Opera @MetOpera via Facebook Oct. 11, 2014, @ https://www.facebook.com/MetOpera/photos/a.134969600532/10154764462890533/

For further information:

Cooper, Michael. “For the First Time, the Met Will Perform Opera on Sundays.” The New York Times > Arts > Music. Sept. 14, 2018.
Available @ https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/14/arts/music/met-opera-contract-sunday.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “2019-2020 Met Opera Season Opens Monday, Sept. 23, With Porgy and Bess.” Earth and Space News. Monday, Sept. 16, 2019.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/09/2019-2020-met-opera-season-opens-monday.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “2019-2020 Met Opera Season’s Second Week Has Gershwin, Puccini and Verdi.” Earth and Space News. Monday, Sept. 23, 2019.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/09/2019-2020-met-operas-second-week-has.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “Madama Butterfly Is March 3, 2018, Met Opera Saturday Matinee Broadcast.” Earth and Space News. Monday, Feb. 26, 2018.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/02/madama-butterfly-is-march-3-2018-met.html

Metropolitan Opera @MetOpera. "New during the 2019–20 season: We’re presenting 16 Sunday matinee performances, giving you more opportunities to enjoy opera on the weekend. Explore the full season: http://bit.ly/2VdNCNL. Photo by Jonathan Tichler / Met Opera." Facebook. Feb. 24, 2019.
Available @ https://twitter.com/MetOpera/status/1099763017854738433

“New Production: Madama Butterfly.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 351555 New Production Madama Butterfly {799} Metropolitan Opera House: 09/25/2006.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=351555

Ti Tree Root Okolehao Applies To Magnum PI's Payback Is For Beginners

Summary: Ti tree root okolehao, if amid Robin's Nest alcohol acquisitions, perhaps abets or averts wine cellar arguments on Magnum PI's Payback Is For Beginners.

Ti tree (Cordyline fruticosa), under synonyms of Dracaena terminalis and Calodragon jaquinii; illustration by 19th-century Spanish-Filipino artist, naturalist, land appraiser and surveyor Cayetano Argüelles y Fernández in Spanish friar and botanist Francisco Manuel Blanco's (Nov. 24, 1778-April 1, 1845) Flora de Filipinas Según el Sistema Sexual de Linneo (1877): Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Ti tree root okolehao perhaps assures property management and security arguments, akin to those about French wines on Magnum PI action drama television series episode Payback Is For Beginners Sept. 27, 2019.

Director Bryan Spicer and writers Eric Guggenheim and Peter Lenkov broach brief battles brandished in Season One's second episode, From the Head Down, Oct. 1, 2018. The second season's first episode commences with Thomas Sullivan Magnum (Jay Hernandez) and current companion Abby Miller (Brooke Lyons) consuming an entire 2006 Château Latour Bordeaux. Juliet Higgins (Perdita Weeks), majordomo (from Latin maior domūs, "principal of the house") as Robin's Nest property manager, deduces when the duo decants a second bottle.

Higgins and Magnum, almost 12 months earlier, enjoy respectively exclusive dining experiences of mahi-mahi with 2014 Aubert and of steak with Château Margaux at Lina's restaurant.

Magnum furnishes as favors for Higgin's computer-hacking companionship at Lina's filling with gas and hand-washing the Ferrari and not frequenting the wine cellar for one month.

Magnum generalizes that, going from low-pay sailoring to low-earning investigating, "I did it because I thought I was helping people. I-I guess that's all I know." Helping others, not halting helping himself to wine cellar hoards since, "Magnum, you're not even supposed to be in the wine cellar," heads Higgins toward helping. Alcoholic inclinations at Lina's and at Robin's Nest indicate wine over spirits even though absentee owner Robin Masters' wine cellar perhaps includes ti tree root okolehao.

Ti tree root okolehao (from Hawaiian okole, "butt" and hao, "iron") perhaps journeyed with ancient Polynesians whose canoe plants joined Hawaii-only endemics as native vegetation.

Ti tree root okolehao knows first stages as ancient Polynesian and Hawaiian and 18th-century English fermented drinks and then second stages as 18th-century English distilled spirits.

English sailors in the 1780s under Captain Nathaniel Portlock (1748?-Sept. 12, 1817) loaded ti tree roots into earthen oven-like imu to leach fermentable sugars from starches. William Stevenson, escaped convict from Sydney, Australia, managed around 1790 to make, and mentor making, distilled okolehao with buttocks-like try-pots for making whale blubber into oil. Ti trees, named scientifically Cordyline fruticosa (from Greek κορδύλη, "club [shaped, root-like, stem-like rhizomes]" and Latin fruticōsa, "shrubby"), net underground roots with maximum 300-pound (136.08-kilogram) weights.

Ti trees, observed by Auguste Chevalier (June 23, 1873-June 4, 1956), offer original okolehao, whose variant occurrences observe pineapple, rice, sugarcane or taro substitutes or supplements.

Ebenezer Parker Low (Oct. 4, 1864-Jan. 10, 1954) presented the Hawaiian delegation a ti tree root okolehao that prompted an 1889 Paris World Exposition bronze medal.

Prohibition under King Kamehameha I (died May 8, 1819?) and under the United States territorial government between 1918 and 1933 quickened the Big Island's moonshine production. Dave Flintstone of Haleakala Distillers on Maui and Jim and Leslie Sargent of Island Distillers on Oahu respectively release okolehao as 100-proof spirits and 80-proof liqueurs. Season One's first episode, I Saw the Sun Rise, Sept. 24, 2018, and Season Two's first episode respectively solve a missing husband and a missing wife.

Perhaps Magnum and buddies Theodore Calvin (Stephen Hill) and "Rick" Wright (Zachary Knighton) toast, with ti tree root okolehao, first-season Iraqi gold and second-season bank-robbery recoveries.

Thomas Sullivan Magnum (Jay Hernandez), Theodore "TC" Calvin (Stephen Hill), HPD Detective Gordon Katsumoto (Tim Kang), Juliet Higgins (Perdita Weeks) and Orville "Rick" Wright (Zachary Knighton) return for CBS TV's Magnum P.I.'s season premiere, Payback Is For Beginners (season 2 episode 1): Magnum P.I. @MagnumPICBS via Facebook Sept. 27, 2019

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Ti tree (Cordyline fruticosa), under synonyms of Dracaena terminalis and Calodragon jaquinii; illustration by 19th-century Spanish-Filipino artist, naturalist, land appraiser and surveyor Cayetano Argüelles y Fernández in Spanish friar and botanist Francisco Manuel Blanco's (Nov. 24, 1778-April 1, 1845) Flora de Filipinas Según el Sistema Sexual de Linneo (1877): Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cordyline_fruticosa_Blanco1.98-original.png

Thomas Sullivan Magnum (Jay Hernandez), Theodore "TC" Calvin (Stephen Hill), HPD Detective Gordon Katsumoto (Tim Kang), Juliet Higgins (Perdita Weeks) and Orville "Rick" Wright (Zachary Knighton) return for CBS TV's Magnum P.I.'s season premiere, Payback Is For Beginners (season 2 episode 1): Magnum P.I. @MagnumPICBS via Facebook Sept. 27, 2019, @ https://www.facebook.com/MagnumPICBS/posts/434340733877288

For further information:

Blanco, Francisco Manuel. 1877. Flora de Filipinas Según el Sistema Sexual de Linneo. Manila, The Philippines: Establecimiento Tipografico De Plana y Ca.

Cave, James. 9 September 2014. Updated 7 December 2017. "Hawaiian Moonshine Exists, And It's So Good It's Been Outlawed Twice." HuffPost > Food & Drink.
Available @ https://www.huffpost.com/entry/okolehao-hawaiis-moonshine_n_5769464

Chevalier, Auguste. 1919. Catalogue des Plantes du Jardin Botanique de Saïgon. Saigon [Vietnam]: Nouvelle Albert Portail.

Díaz, Concha. 11 February 2019. "La Gloria Suprema del Arte y la Ciencia Filipina." Cuaderno de Sofonisba.
Available @ http://cuadernodesofonisba.blogspot.com/2019/02/la-gloria-suprema-del-arte-y-la-ciencia.html

Dykstra, Chip. 24 July 2015. "Hawaiian Moonshine 100 Proof Okolehao." The Rum Howler Blog > Lightly Aged Spirits.
Available @ https://therumhowlerblog.com/moonshine-and-other-spirits/hawaiian-moonshine-100-proof-okolehao/

Frechette, Chloe. 12 February 2019. "Tiki's Lost 'Hawaiian Whiskey'." Punch.
Available @ https://punchdrink.com/articles/tiki-cocktail-lost-hawaiian-whiskey-okolehao/

"From the Head Down." Magnum PI: The First Season. Los Angeles CA: Paramount Pictures Corporation, Oct. 1, 2018.

"I Saw the Sun Rise." Magnum PI: The First Season. Los Angeles CA: Paramount Pictures Corporation, Sept. 24, 2018.

Lanier, Clint. 10 November 2016. "Okolehao, the Sweet Hawaiian Moonshine with an Unsavory Past." Eater > Eater Travel.
Available @ https://www.eater.com/drinks/2016/11/10/13503738/okolehao-hawaii

Linnæi, Caroli; and Olavus Stickman. 1754. "Tomus IV. Tab. 34. Terminalis alba. Convallaria fruticosa." Herbarium Amboinense: 16. Upsaliæ [Uppsala, Sweden]: L.M. Hojer.
Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/43963191
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/HerbariumAmboin00Linn/page/15

Magnum P.I. @MagnumPICBS. "The ohana's back together, baby! Stream the must-see season 2 premiere of Magnum P.I. now!" Facebook. Sept. 27, 2019.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/MagnumPICBS/posts/434340733877288

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 September 2019. "Yellow Fever Mosquitoes Air a Killer on Magnum's A Kiss Before Dying." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/09/yellow-fever-mosquitoes-air-killer-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 September 2019. "Hawaii Mamo Feathers Are Like Gold Necklaces on Magnum's Die He Said." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/09/hawaii-mamo-feathers-are-like-gold.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 September 2019. "Koloa Maoli Hawaiian Ducks Are One Duck Less on Magnum's Sudden Death." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/09/koloa-maoli-hawaiian-ducks-are-one-duck.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 February 2019. "Makou Hawaiian Buttercups Add No Aconitine to Magnum's I, the Deceased." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/02/makou-hawaiian-buttercups-add-no.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 November 2018. "Makiawa Hawaiian Sardines Appease Magnum PI's The Cat Who Cried Wolf." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/11/makiawa-hawaiian-sardines-appease.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 October 2018. "Hawaiian Dolphinfish Mahi-Mahi Abide by Magnum PI's From the Head Down." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/10/hawaiian-dolphinfish-mahi-mahi-abide-by.html

Miller, Josh. "Okolehao Then and Now." Inu Ā Kena . Miscellaneous.
Available @ https://inuakena.com/misc/okolehao-then-and-now/

"Okolehao." BoozeNerds > May 11, 2014.
Available @ https://boozenerds.com/2014/05/11/okolehao/

"Okolehao. Heritage." Island Distillers > Artfully Crafted Hawaiian Spirits from Honolulu's Oldest Distillery."
Available @ https://www.islanddistillers.com/

"Payback Is For Beginners." Magnum PI: The Second Season. Los Angeles CA: Paramount Pictures Corporation, Sept. 27, 2019.

Kauila Trees Assure That on Five-0 Ua 'Eha Ka 'Ili I Ka Maka O Ka Ihe

Summary: Kauila trees afford the hardest wood so that the skin has been hurt by the tip of the spear on Five-0's Ua 'Eha Ka 'Ili I Ka Maka O Ka Ihe Sept. 27, 2019.

Alphitonia ponderosa, known in Hawaii as kauila; Maui; Nov. 11, 2013: Forest and Kim Starr, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Kauila trees assure that, apart Hawaii Five-0 episode Ua 'Eh Ka 'Ili I Ka Maka O Ka Ihe Sept. 27, 2019, the skin has been hurt by the point of the spear.

Director Duane Clark and writers Peter Lenkov, Matt Wheeler and David Wolkove build the 10th season's first episode around violence's emotionally, mentally, physically, systemically bruising brutality. The series' 219th episode overall considers Jerry Ortega (Jorge Garcia) and Yakuza leaders as respectively unintended and intended targets of respectively personally motivated and recruited assassins. Jerry does not die from the bullets directed by Omar Hassan's (Ben Youcef) widow Azra (Yasmin Dar) against Steve McGarrett (Alex O'Loughlin), Hawaii Five-0 Lieutenant Commander.

Traditional Hawaiian culture employs no metal weaponry even though one of the seven woods that ended up in battle, game-throwing and hunting spears exhibited near-metal hardness.

Traditional Hawaiian spears feature alahe'e (Psydrax odorata), kauila (Alphitonia ponderosa, Colubrina oppositifolia), mamane (Sophora chrysophylla), maua (Xylosma hawaiiense), olopua (Nestegis sandwicensis) or uhiuhi (Mezoneuron kauaiense) wood.

Traditional Hawaiian culture groups sometimes Alphitonia ponderosa (from Greek αλφιτον, "barley meal" for dry, mealy-tasting fruit, and Latin ponderōsa, "weighty"), sometimes Colubrina oppositifolia, as kauila trees. The first-mentioned Rhamnaceae (from Greek ῥάμνος, "prickly bush/shrub" and Latin -āceae, "resembling") buckthorn family member has two to three seeds within every hard, ripened fruit capsule. Four- to 8-week germination implementations of seeds viable for five to 10 years initiate 5-plus-year life cycles that involve 6-inch- (15-24-centimeter-) tall seedlings within six months.

Just black twig borers (Xylosandrus compactus) jeopardize kauila trees until Alphitonia ponderosa journeys through flowering, fruiting, pest-hardy 2- to (0.61- to 0.91-meter-) tall juvenile stages onward.

Alphitonia ponderosa kauila trees, known scientifically to William Hillebrand (Nov. 13, 1821-July 13, 1886), keep black-gray 0.59-inch (15-millimeter) diameter fruit capsules May through September.

Alphitonia ponderosa kauila trees lodge oblong, red-covered, shiny black seeds within hardened, stone-fruited shells within 0.59-inch (15-millimeter) diameter drupes (from Greek δρύππᾱ, "olive") at leafy bases. Those leafy bases maintain 0.24-inch (6-millimeter) diameter cymes (from Greek κῦμα, "swollen [plant sprout]"), each with five 0.059-inch- (1.5-millimeter-) long sepals atop 0.029-inch- (0.75-millimeter-) long petals. Kauila trees nestle black-gray fruits and green-white flowers into basal niches of 1.97- to 5.91-inch- (5- to 15-centimeter-) long leaves located alternately along Alphitonia ponderosa stems.

Kauila trees offer dull, white-green undersides with rust-colored veins and shiny uppersides atop 0.51- to 0.98-inch- (13- to 25-millimeter-) tall petioles (stalks, from Latin petiolus, "footlet").

Mature 49.21- to 78.74- foot- (15- to 24-meter-) tall, 7.87- to 23.62-inch (20- to 60-centimeter) diameter Alphitonia ponderosa kauila trees possess black-fruited, green-leafed, green-stalked, green-white-flowered canopies.

Dry coastal and mixed mesic forests qualify as Hawaii-exclusive homelands for Alphitonia ponderosa kauila trees with beautiful red heartwood and sapwood and black-streaked red timber products. Alphitonia ponderosa kauila trees require nutrient-rich, sunny, well-drained soils with maximum 50-inch (1,270-millimeter) annual average rainfall and lowest temperatures above 40 degrees Fahrenheit (4.44 degrees Celsius). Agroindustry, climate, invasives, predators and wildfires suggest International Union for Conservation of Nature vulnerability status at 787.4- to 4,101.05-foot (240- to 1,250-meter) altitudes above sea level.

Today's terrorist bullets, not traditional spears from the black-streaked red wood of Alphitonia ponderosa kauila trees, traumatize Jerry enough to turn him back into occasional consultantship.

H50 Task Force's Lieutenant Commander Steve McGarrett (Alex O'Loughlin) in CBS TV's Hawaii Five-0 season 10 episode 1, Ua 'Eha Ka 'Ili I Ka Maka O Ka Ihe (season 10, episode 1): Hawaii Five-0 @HawaiiFive0CBS via Facebook Sept. 24, 2019

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Alphitonia ponderosa, known in Hawaii as kauila; Maui; Nov. 11, 2013: Forest and Kim Starr, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Alphitoniaponderosa1web.jpg

H50 Task Force's Lieutenant Commander Steve McGarrett (Alex O'Loughlin) in CBS TV's Hawaii Five-0 season 10 episode 1, Ua 'Eha Ka 'Ili I Ka Maka O Ka Ihe (season 10, episode 1): Hawaii Five-0 @HawaiiFive0CBS via Facebook Sept. 24, 2019, @ https://www.facebook.com/HawaiiFive0CBS/photos/a.135257959841022/2722053774494748/

For further information:

"Alphitonia ponderosa." Native Plants Hawai'i.
Available @ http://nativeplants.hawaii.edu/plant/view/Alphitonia_ponderosa

Bruegmann, M.M.; and V. Caraway. 2003. "Alphitonia ponderosa." The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2003: e.T44076A10848537. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2003.RLTS.T44076A10848537.en.
Available @ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/44076/10848537

Hawaii Five-0 @HawaiiFive0CBS. 24 September 2019. "Waves: Surfed; Justice: Served. Hawaii Five-0 is back with the SEASON 10 PREMIERE this Friday at 8/7c!" Facebook.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/HawaiiFive0CBS/photos/a.135257959841022/2722053774494748/

"Hawaiian Name(s): kauila, kauwila, o'a (Maui)." Hawaiian Ethnobotany Online Database.
Available @ http://data.bishopmuseum.org/ethnobotanydb/ethnobotany.php?b=d&ID=kauila_A

Hillebrand, William. 1888. "1. A. ponderosa, sp. n." Page 81. In: Flora of the Hawaiian Islands: A Description of Their Phanerogams and Vascular Cryptogams. Annotated and Published after the Author's Death by W. F. Hillebrand. London, England: Williams & Norgate; New York NY: B. Westermann & Co.; and Heidelberg, Germany: Carl Winter.
Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15638181

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 May 2019. "Five-0 Endlessly Pours the Rain of Waianae into Hawaiian Rain Gardens." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/05/five-0-endlessly-pours-rain-of-waianae.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 May 2019. "Lahaina Noon: Unlike Five-0's Hewa Ka Lima Rarely the Hand Is at Fault." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/05/lahaina-noon-unlike-five-0s-hewa-ka.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 May 2019. "'Imiloa Sky Charts and Hawaii Five-0's Ho'okani No La O Ka Malihini." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/05/imiloa-sky-charts-and-hawaii-five-0s.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 April 2019. "Laysan Albatrosses: Earth Day 2019, Five-0 Season 9 Episode 22 Icons." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/04/laysan-albatrosses-earth-day-2019-five.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 April 2019. "Pueo Hawaiian Short-Eared Owls and Hawaii Five-0's He Kama Na Ka Pueo." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/04/pueo-hawaiian-short-eared-owls-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 April 2019. "Hau Hawaiian Sea Hibiscus, Ma'a Hawaiian Sling, Five-0's Way of the Gun." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/04/hau-hawaiian-sea-hibiscus-maa-hawaiian.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 March 2019. “Five-0’s Hawaiian He’e Big Blue Day Octopus of the Deep Spews Its Ink.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/03/five-0s-hawaiian-hee-big-blue-day.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 March 2019. “Hawaii Five-0's Ai No I Ka 'Ape He Mane'o No Ko Ka Nuku: Itchy Mouths.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/03/hawaii-five-0s-ai-no-i-ka-ape-he-maneo.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 February 2019. “Offer Young Taro Leaves To Hawaii Five-0 Episode E'ao Lu'au A Kualima.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/02/offer-young-taro-leaves-to-hawaii-five.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 February 2019. “Kanawao Shrub Fruits for Hawaii Five-0's Hapai Ke Kuko, Hanau Ka Hewa.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/02/kanawao-shrub-fruits-for-hawaii-five-0s.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 February 2019. “Five-0 Hawaiian Rain Gardens Not Made Prisoner by the Reign of the Rain.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/02/five-0-hawaiian-rain-gardens-not-made.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 February 2019. “Humpback Whales Depressed With the Heat in Keawalua on Hawaii Five-0.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/02/humpback-whales-depressed-with-heat-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 January 2019. “No 'Awa Or Kava Shrubs If Those Above Are Descending on Hawaii Five-0.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/01/no-awa-or-kava-shrubs-if-those-above.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 January 2019. “Kikui Tree Leaves for Hawaii Five-0 2010's Ka Hauli O Ka Mea Hewa 'Ole.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/01/kikui-tree-leaves-for-hawaii-five-0.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 January 2019. “Hawaii Five-0 Gone on the Road, Without Koa Wood Outrigger Canoes.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/01/hawaii-five-0-gone-on-road-without-koa.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 December 2018. “Ponderosa Pine Trees for When a Hawaii Five-0 2010 House Is Dark.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/12/ponderosa-pine-trees-for-when-hawaii.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 December 2018. “Hawaiian Pili Grass Houses: Hawaii Five-0 2010 When the Light Goes Out.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/12/hawaiian-pili-grass-houses-hawaii-five.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 December 2018. “Ko'a Black Coral for Hawaii Five-0 2010's Truth Comes from the Night.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/12/koa-black-coral-for-hawaii-five-0-2010s.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 November 2018. “Hawaiian Goose Nēnē: Birds of a Feather Episode on Hawaii Five-0 2010.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/11/hawaiian-goose-nene-birds-of-feather.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 November 2018. “Hawaiian Horses, Chang and McGarrett: Hawaii Five-0 2010 200th Episode.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/11/hawaiian-horses-chang-and-mcgarrett.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 November 2018. “Olonā Hawaiian Nettle Shrubs for Hawaii Five-0 Emergency Landings?” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/11/olona-hawaiian-nettle-shrubs-for-hawaii.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 October 2018. “Gernika Genocide Survivor Art Before Hawaii Five-0 Prophetic Child Art.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/10/gernika-genocide-survivor-art-before.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 October 2018. “Hawaiian Beach Sand: Hawaii Five-0 2010's On the Slope of the Cliff.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/10/hawaiian-beach-sand-hawaii-five-0-2010s.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 October 2018. “Proverbial Cowrie Sea Snails for the Hawaii Five-0 2010 Ninth Season.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/10/proverbial-cowrie-sea-snails-for-hawaii.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 October 2018. “Lamian or Ramen Noodles: Hawaii Five-0's The Man Who Fell From the Sky.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/10/lamian-or-ramen-noodles-hawaii-five-os.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 September 2018. “Gutta-Percha Trees and Hawaii Five-0 2010 Ninth Season Premiere Cocoon.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/09/gutta-percha-trees-and-hawaii-five-o.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 September 2018. “Ki'i Pōhaku Petroglyphs: Ancients Exposed on Five-0's Waiho Wale Kahiko.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/09/kii-pohaku-petroglyphs-ancients-exposed.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 May 2018. “Hawaiian Rain Gardens for Five-0's Tough Branch That Does Not Break.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/05/hawaiian-rain-gardens-for-five-0s-tough.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 May 2018. “Noni for Hawaii Five-0's Ka Hana A Ka Makua, O Ka Hana No Ia A Keiki.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/05/noni-for-hawaii-five-0s-ka-hana-ka.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 April 2018. “'Āliamanu Salt Lake and Five-0's Kopi Wale No I Ka I'a A 'Eu No Ka Ilo.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/04/aliamanu-salt-lake-and-five-0s-kopi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 April 2018. “Hawaii Five-0 Episode Ahuwale Ka Nane Hina: Uku Hawaiian Gray Snappers.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/04/hawaii-five-0-episde-ahuwale-ka-nane.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 April 2018. “'Iwa Great Frigatebirds: Five-0's He Lokomaika'i Ka Manu O Kaiona.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/04/iwa-great-frigatebirds-five-0s-he.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 April 2018. “Chinese Juniper Shrubs on Hawaii Five-0 2010's Aohe Mea Make I Ka Hewa.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/04/chinese-juniper-shrubs-on-hawaii-five-0.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 April 2018. “Bonsai Gardening on Hawaii Five-0 2010 Episode Aohe Mea Make I Ka Hewa.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/04/bonsai-gardening-on-hawaii-five-0-2010.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 March 2018. “'Ulu Hawaiian Breadfruit To Do One's Duty on Five-0's E Ho'oko Kuleana.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/03/ulu-hawaiian-breadfruit-to-do-ones-duty.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 March 2018. “Chlorine Gas on Hawaii Five-0 2010's Holapu Ke Ahi Koe Iho Ka Lehu.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/03/chlorine-gas-on-hawaii-five-0-2010s.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 March 2018. “Golden Plovers and Stars of Heaven Know Where Pae Is on Hawaii Five-0.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/03/golden-plovers-and-stars-of-heaven-know.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 February 2018. “A Coral Reef Strengthens Out to Land on Hawaii Five-0 with Lobe Corals.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/02/a-coral-reef-strengthens-out-to-land-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 January 2018. “No Southern House Mosquitoes on Hawaii Five-0's Na Keikia Kalaihaohia.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/01/no-southern-house-mosquitoes-on-hawaii.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 January 2018. “What Is Gone Is Not Hawaiian Bobtail Squid on Hawaii Five-0 2010.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/01/what-is-gone-is-not-hawaiian-bobtail.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 January 2018. “Criminals Rare as Guernsey Dairy Cattle on Hawaii Five-0 The Roundup.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/01/criminals-rare-as-guernsey-dairy-cattle.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 January 2018. “Hawaiian Cattle Roundups and Hawaii Five-0 2010 The Roundup Criminals.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/01/hawaiian-cattle-roundups-and-hawaii.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 November 2010. “Hawaii Shave Ice Images and Take-Outs on Hawaii Five-0 2010 Ho'apono.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/11/hawaii-shave-ice-images-and-take-outs.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 November 2010. “Hawaiian Wild Boars Around Hawaii Five-0 2010's North Shore of O'ahu.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/11/hawaiian-wild-boars-around-hawaii-five.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 November 2010. “Limu Lipoa Hawaiian Seaweed on Hawaii Five-0 2010 Episode Nalowale.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/11/limu-lipoa-hawaiian-seaweed-on-hawaii.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 November 2010. “Hawaiian Blueberry Botanical Illustrations for Hawaii Five-0 Pancakes.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/11/hawaiian-blueberry-botanical.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 November 2010. “Hawaii Five-0 2010: Respect the Land and the Pizza Without Pineapples?” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/11/hawaii-five-0-2010-respect-land-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 November 2010. “Pygmy Hippopotamuses for Grace of the Hawaii Five-0 2010 Family?” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/11/pygmy-hippopotamuses-for-grace-of.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 November 2010. “Pineappley Hala Tree Botanical Illustrations for Hawaii Five-0 Pilot.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/11/pineappley-hala-tree-botanical.html

"Ua 'Eha Ka 'Ili I Ka Maka O Ka Ihe: The Skin Has Been Hurt by the Tip of the Spear." Hawaii Five-0: The Tenth Season. Los Angeles CA: Sept. 27, 2019.

Ajanta Cave 23: 200th Anniversary Year of Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings

Summary: The 200th anniversary year of European-accessed Ajanta cave wall paintings and sculptures in India allies Ajanta cave 23 with Hindu mythological animals.

entrance to unfinished Ajanta Cave 23, with naga ("serpent") doorkeepers: Ajanta Caves, Maharashtra, central-west India; March 10, 2017: Photo Dharma (Anandajoti Bhikkhu [Anandajoti]) from Sadao, Thailand, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Ajanta cave 23, like Ajanta cave 21, affords the 200th anniversary year of European-accessed Ajanta cave wall paintings and sculptures in central-west India ancient accomplishments in functional, ornamental columns, doors and pilasters.

Itinerant artisans and monks built six vihara (from Sanskrit विहार, "walking [hall]") monastery caves between chaitya (memorial monument, from Sanskrit चैत्य) prayer halls 19 and 26. They constructed Ajanta cave 23 and monasteries 20 through 22, 24 and 25 during second-phase excavations between the fifth and sixth, seventh or eighth centuries C.E. Walter M. Spink, Emeritus Professor of Art History at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor since 2001, designates second-phase dates between 460 and 480 C.E.

The Spink estimates for first-phase events between 90 and 70 B.C.E. and for second-phase excavations explain equivalent architecture and art in Ajanta caves 21 and 23.

Ajanta cave 21 and Ajanta cave 23 function as respectively finished and unfinished monastery caverns that feature similar floor plans and functional furnishings with ornamental flourishes.

Ajanta cave 23 gets one antechamber, one astylar (from Greek ἀ-, "without" and στῦλος, "column") hall and one shrine, pillared porches and verandas, and side cells. The 92.91- by 73.88-foot (28.32- by 22.52-meter) Ajanta cave 23, like the 93.70- by 91.96-foot (28.6- by 28.03-meter) Ajanta cave 21, harbors sculpted Hindu mythological animals. Perhaps Buddhist prime minister Varahadeva influenced Hindu Vakataka dynasty emperor Harishena's inclusion of Ajanta (from Sanskrit अजित, "invincible") Caves among government-impelled devotional, instructional and meditational initiatives.

Ajanta cave 21 and Ajanta cave 23 juggle naga (from Sanskrit नाग, "serpent") doorkeepers in the 200th anniversary year of Ajanta cave wall paintings and sculptures.

Hindu mythology knows of naga minor gods as keen keepers of the best gems of the heavenly, middle and lower worlds and of the Patala netherworld.

Naga minor gods, whose bejeweled hoods to five to seven heads light up the dark Patala, look sometimes like serpent-tailed men and sometimes like nymph-bodied females. More ancient mention of Siddhartha Gautama's (from Sanskrit सिद्धार्थ, "successful" and गोतम, "light [dispels] darkness") enlightening seven-day meditation makes the bodhi tree (Ficus religiosa) his sunshade. Hindu mythology under Vakataka emperorship over the Ajanta subkingdom names a multi-headed, multi-hooded naga sunshade for Siddhartha Gautama's metamorphosis into Gautama Buddha (from Sanskrit बुद्ध, "awakened").

Ajanta cave 23 offers the 200th anniversary year of European-accessed Ajanta cave wall paintings and sculptures the three worlds' best naga dvarapala (from Sanskrit द्वारपाला, "gatekeeper").

Itinerant artisans and monks in Maharashtra state 1,300 to 1,600 years ago placed Buddhist- and Hindu-pertinent pillar-top ornamentations in Ajanta cave 21 and Ajanta cave 23.

A figure quashing an open-jawed monster fish qualifies as a quintessential Hindu mythological animal among pillar-top ornamentation of the Ajanta cave 23 assembly hall's front pilaster. Makara (from Sanskrit मकर, "water-monster"), vehicle of sea god Varuna (from Sanskrit वरुण, "water"), resists the right-wall pilaster's (from Latin pila, "pillar" and -aster, "partial") dwarf. Deer-, elephant-, stag-headed, fish-, peacock-, seal-, snake-tailed Makara show up, sometimes with mouthfuls of dwarfs, among painted, sculpted Hindu mythological animals for traditional Hindu architectural entrances.

Ajanta cave 23, like Ajanta cave 21, tenders the 200th anniversary year of European-accessed Ajanta cave wall paintings and sculptures Buddhist themes and Hindu mythological animals.

Ajanta Cave 23 side chapel; Ajanta Caves, Maharashtra, central-west India; March 10, 2017: Photo Dharma (Anandajoti Bhikkhu [Anandajoti]) from Sadao, Thailand, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

entrance to unfinished Ajanta Cave 23, an unfinished vihara (monastery) with naga ("serpent") doorkeepers: Ajanta Caves, Maharashtra, central-west India; March 10, 2017: Photo Dharma (Anandajoti Bhikkhu [Anandajoti]) from Sadao, Thailand, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:061_Cave_23,_Entrance_(34219138562).jpg

Ajanta Cave 23 side chapel; Ajanta Caves, Maharashtra, central-west India; March 10, 2017: Photo Dharma (Anandajoti Bhikkhu [Anandajoti]) from Sadao, Thailand, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:072_Cave_23,_Side_Chapel_(34246585661).jpg

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Marriner, Derdriu. 22 March 2019. “200th Anniversary Year of Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings: Ajanta Cave 13.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 15 March 2019. “200th Anniversary Year of Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings: Ajanta Cave 12.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 8 March 2019. “200th Anniversary Year of Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings: Ajanta Cave 8.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 1 March 2019. “200th Anniversary Year of Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings: Ajanta Cave 15A/30.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 22 February 2019. “200th Anniversary Year of Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings: Pithora Wall Art.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 15 February 2019. “200th Anniversary Year of Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings: Ajanta Cave 29.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 8 February 2019. “Ajanta Cave 26 in 200th Anniversary Year of Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/02/ajanta-cave-26-in-200th-anniversary.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 February 2019. “Ajanta Cave 19 in 200th Anniversary Year of Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/02/ajanta-cave-19-in-200th-anniversary.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 January 2019. “200th Anniversary Year of Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings in Ajanta Cave 9.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/01/200th-anniversary-year-of-ajanta-cave.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 January 2019. “Ancient Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings and Inscriptions in Ajanta Cave 10.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 11 January 2019. “Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings Ailing at World Heritage Centre Site.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/01/ajanta-cave-wall-paintings-ailing-at.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 January 2019. “Accurate, Ancient, Artistic Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings to Buddha.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/01/accurate-ancient-artistic-ajanta-cave.html

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