W M Keck Apprises Host Galaxy of Fast Radio Burst FRB 20240304B

Summary: Maunakea Summit's W M Keck Observatory of Kamuela, Hawaii apprises, by Xavier Prochaska and Meagan O'Shea, host galaxy of Fast Radio Burst FRB 20240304B.

"God talks to human beings through many vectors: through each other, through organized religion, through the great books of those religions, through wise people, through art and music and literature and poetry, but nowhere with such detail and grace and color and joy as through creation. When we destroy a species, when we destroy a special place, we're diminishing our capacity to sense the divine, understand who God is and what our own potential is." Robert Francis Kennedy Jr., April 19, 2023, Boston Park Plaza Hotel, Back Bay, Boston, Massachusetts.

“And there’s many people out there who want us to move to the next planet already and I’m like, hang on, let’s not give up on this planet yet," William, Prince of Wales, July 31, 2023, Sorted Food food truck, London, England, United Kingdom.

The host galaxy of the farthest radio burst detected, Fast Radio Burst FRB 20240304B, is a small, young, actively forming stars, dwarf galaxy located approximately 10.63 billion light-years away (location at white cross) in Virgo the Maiden constellation.
The James Webb Space Telescope's NIRCam (Near Infrared Camera) obtained the image of FRB 20240304B as a composite of separate exposures with two filters as specific wavelength range samplers. "The color results from assigning different hues (colors) to each monochromatic (grayscale) image associated with an individual filter. In this case, the assigned colors are: Cyan: F200W, Orange: F322W," according to "FRB 20240304B (NIRCam Image)," released Oct. 8, 2026, via the NASA Science website (https://science.nasa.gov/asset/webb/frb-20240304b-nircam-image/).
Image Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Themiya Nanayakkara (USYD); Image Processing: Joseph DePasquale (STScI).:
W. M. Keck Observatory, via Facebook Oct. 11, 2026

Maunakea Summit's W M Keck Observatory of Kamuela, "Big-Island" Hawaii County, island and state, Hawaiian archipelago apprises, by Xavier Prochaska and Meagan O'Shea, the host galaxy of Fast Radio Burst FRB 20240304B.

Fast Radio Burst FRB 20240304B belongs with many, millisecond-long, mysterious radio emissions whose flashes manifest from the distantest spaces and the earliest times of our universe. Such configurations comport mysteriously even as Fast Radio Bursts commence and conclude their cosmic-web imprint carrying communication for one-time capture on Earth- and Earth atmosphere-constructed telescopes. Fast Radio Bursts detail cosmic-web invisible matter and structures even as FRB 20240304B described an unknown, 0.3 redshifted galaxy 3.5 billion light years from our Earth.

FRB 20240304B enshrined its emission encountering the Virgo Cluster about 54 million light years from our Earth even as its host galaxy entailed above-Earth, near-infrared explorations.

The James Webb Space Telescope functions at the frigidest temperatures above the Blue-Marble Earth atmosphere even as its NIRSpec Near-Infrared Spectograph found the FRB 20240304B-featuring galaxy.

Nitrogen- and oxygen-emitted light gives the host-galaxy cosmological redshift even as NIRSpec instrumentation gauges FRB 20240304B at redshift 2.148, 3 billion years after the Big Bang. NIRCam Near-Infrared Camera hails that galaxy as a small dwarf even as that dwarf hosts as the distantest and the youngest Fast Radio Burst FRB 20240304B. The journal Science's issue Thu., Oct. 8, 2026 introduced the investigation ideated by Professor Manisha Caleb as lead author and Professor Xavier Prochaska as study co-author.

W M Keck joins to FRB galaxies host galaxy to Fast Radio Burst FRB 20240304B judged in Science journal by Professors Caleb, University of Sydney, Australia, and Prochaska, University of California-Santa Clara.

Mysterious when-, where- and why-abouts of Fast Radio Bursts and their FRB galaxies kindle two theories about the early universe previously keeping them massiver, older, slower.

One theory looks at Fast Radio Bursts as linking two neutron stars even as such neutron-star binaries log billion-plus years locating their spirals in one lodging. It musters most meaningfulness for many massive, mature, middling-moving FRB galaxies even as such galaxies maintain star-forming systems billions-plus years maturer, thousands-plus massiver than FRB-20240304B galaxy. And yet FRB 20240304B nestles into a narrow, nubile galaxy whose navigation nicely negotiates the early-universe invisible-mattered, invisible-structured niches even as it nurtures nice-numbered stellar nurseries.

Maunakea Summit's W M Keck Observatory Kamuela, Hawaii County, island, state offers host galaxy of Fast Radio Burst FRB 20240304B as oriented perhaps more toward a second than the first FRB-origins theory.

A second theory proposes each Fast Radio Burst as produced, through such mechanisms as starquakes, by one young neutron star that prompts the highly-magnetic name magnetar.

The afore-quoted, second theory perhaps qualifies as the quintessential query as to why such Fast Radio Bursts as FRB 20240304B quarter lesser quantities agewise and starwise. Perhaps a massive star realizes such a resounding explosion that it results in a supernova whose residue reveals a magnetar whose reorganization renders Fast Radio Bursts. The small size of FRB 20240304B and its host galaxy suggest slower sequencing between starting stellar formation and securing the capabilities that solidify Fast Radio Bursts.

W M Keck Observatory atop Maunakea Summit treats Fast Radio Burst FRB 20240304B and its host galaxy even as that duo trends 35-million-year-old star trails atypical of massiver, maturer, nearer, slower galaxies.

"Astronomers using NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope were able to study the host galaxy of the most distant known fast radio burst (FRB). By detecting light emitted from oxygen and nitrogen, they were able to determine the galaxy’s cosmological redshift, thereby confirming the FRB occurred just 3 billion years after the big bang."
"Credit Illustration: NASA, ESA, CSA, Joseph Olmsted (STScI); Science: Manisha Caleb (SIfA).":
"Farthest Fast Radio Burst Host Galaxy Spectrum," Oct. 8, 2026, via NASA Science

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication

This post is dedicated to the memory of our beloved blue-eyed brother, Charles, who guided the creation of the Met Opera and Astronomy posts on Earth and Space News. We memorialized our brother in "Our Beloved Blue-Eyed Brother, Charles, With Whom We Are Well Pleased," published on Earth and Space News on Thursday, Nov. 18, 2021, an anniversary of our beloved father's death.

Image credits:

The host galaxy of the farthest radio burst detected, Fast Radio Burst FRB 20240304B, is a small, young, actively forming stars, dwarf galaxy located approximately 10.63 billion light-years away (location at white cross) in Virgo the Maiden constellation.
The James Webb Space Telescope's NIRCam (Near Infrared Camera) obtained the image of FRB 20240304B as a composite of separate exposures with two filters as specific wavelength range samplers. "The color results from assigning different hues (colors) to each monochromatic (grayscale) image associated with an individual filter. In this case, the assigned colors are: Cyan: F200W, Orange: F322W," according to "FRB 20240304B (NIRCam Image)," released Oct. 8, 2026, via the NASA Science website (https://science.nasa.gov/asset/webb/frb-20240304b-nircam-image/).
Image Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Themiya Nanayakkara (USYD); Image Processing: Joseph DePasquale (STScI).:
W. M. Keck Observatory, via Facebook Oct. 11, 2026, @ https://www.facebook.com/KeckObservatory/posts/pfbid0CWV1iztP9hj1XN3vD9tHxw2oEyArotCTaNTD8TqCaFKGVF6tV1PbsMkoKp5HfVkbl;
W. M. Keck Observatory, via Facebook Oct. 11, 2026, @ https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=1515743053923864&set=pb.100064645515608.-2207520000;
"NASA content -- images, audio, video, and media files used in the rendition of 3-dimensional models, such as texture maps and polygon data in any format -- generally are not subject to copyright in the United States. You may use this material for educational or informational purposes, including photo collections, textbooks, public exhibits, computer graphical simulations and Internet Web pages. This general permission extends to personal Web pages," via NASA Science @ https://science.nasa.gov/asset/webb/frb-20240304b-nircam-image/;
"Astronomers Pinpoint Host Galaxy of the Most Distant Fast Radio Burst to Date," W. M. Keck Observatory > News & Announcements, Oct. 8, 2026, via W. M. Keck Observatory website @ https://keckobservatory.org/frb20240304b/;
NASA Webb Mission Team: Goddard Space Flight Center, "Webb Measures Distance to Farthest Fast Radio Burst, Suggesting Origin," Oct. 8, 2026, via NASA Science @ https://science.nasa.gov/missions/webb/webb-measures-distance-to-farthest-fast-radio-burst-suggesting-origin/

"Astronomers using NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope were able to study the host galaxy of the most distant known fast radio burst (FRB). By detecting light emitted from oxygen and nitrogen, they were able to determine the galaxy’s cosmological redshift, thereby confirming the FRB occurred just 3 billion years after the big bang."
"Credit Illustration: NASA, ESA, CSA, Joseph Olmsted (STScI); Science: Manisha Caleb (SIfA).":
"Farthest Fast Radio Burst Host Galaxy Spectrum," Oct. 8, 2026, via NASA Science @ https://science.nasa.gov/asset/webb/farthest-fast-radio-burst-host-galaxy-spectrum/;
"Astronomers Pinpoint Host Galaxy of the Most Distant Fast Radio Burst to Date," W. M. Keck Observatory: News & Announcements, Oct. 8, 2026, via W. M. Keck Observatory website @ https://keckobservatory.org/frb20240304b/

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Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/08/galaxy-moon-stars-alighten-august-2025.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 August 2025. "As Sednoid Four, Ammonite Acts Away From 'Imiloa August 2025 Sky Watch." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/08/as-sednoid-four-ammonite-acts-away-from.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 August 2025. "Cloudy Skies Over Hawaii August 2025 Moon Phases Affect Cloudy Hilo." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/08/cloudy-skies-over-hawaii-august-2025.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 July 2025. "'Imiloa July 2025 Sky Watch Accesses Backbone and Fishhook Star Lines." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/07/imiloa-july-2025-sky-watch-accesses.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 July 2025. "Galaxy, Meteor, Moon, Planets, Stars Awe 'Imiloa July 2025 Sky Watch." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/07/galaxy-meteor-moon-planets-stars-awe.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 July 2025. "Lahaina Noon Dates, Places and Times Apply to Hawaii Skies July 2025." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/07/galaxy-meteor-moon-planets-stars-awe.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 July 2025. "Moon Phases July 2025 Alighten Hawaii Skies of Hilo Less Than Honolulu." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/07/moon-phases-july-2025-alighten-hawaii.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 June 2025. "‘Imiloa June 2025 Sky Watch Accesses Kaiwikuamoo Backbone Star Line." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/06/imiloa-june-2025-sky-watch-accesses.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 June 2025. "'Imiloa June 2025 Sky Watch Admits Galaxy, Moon, Planet and Star Light." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/06/imiloa-june-2025-sky-watch-admits.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 June 2025. "Keck Observatory Keck Planet Finder Avails HD 219134 Asteroseismology." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/06/keck-observatory-keck-planet-finder.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 June 2025. "Summer Solstice Alights Later Hawaii Skies June 2025 at Hilo, Honolulu." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/06/summer-solstice-alights-later-hawaii.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 June 2025. "Moon Phases Alighten Hawaii Skies of Honolulu More Than Hilo June 2025." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/06/moon-phases-alighten-hawaii-skies-of.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 May 2025. "‘Imiloa May 2025 Sky Watch Accesses Backbone and Bailer Star Lines." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/05/imiloa-may-2025-sky-watch-accesses.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 May 2025. "'Imiloa May 2025 Sky Watch Adds Lights About Eta Aquariids, Star Lines." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/05/imiloa-may-2025-sky-watch-adds-lights.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 May 2025. "‘Imiloa May 2025 Sky Watch Avails Us Lahaina Noon Dates, Places, Times." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/05/fifteen-sunny-days-over-honolulu-awe.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 May 2025. "Fifteen Sunny Days Over Honolulu Awe Moon Phases Over Hawaii May 2025." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/05/fifteen-sunny-days-over-honolulu-awe.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 April 2025. "All the Makalii Bailer Star Line Assists ‘Imiloa April 2025 Sky Watch." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/04/all-makalii-bailer-star-line-assists.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 April 2025. "Galaxy, Moon, Planet and Star Light Aces ‘Imiloa April 2025 Sky Watch." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/04/galaxy-moon-planet-and-star-light-aces.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 April 2025. "A Full Pink Moon, a Lyrid Meteor Shower Adorn Hawaii Skies April 2025." Earth and Space News. Monday. Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/04/a-full-pink-moon-lyrid-meteor-shower.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 April 2025. "Cloudless Skies Thrice Accompany Moon Phases Over Hawaii April 2025." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/04/cloudless-skies-thrice-accompany-moon.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 March 2025. "All the Makalii Bailer Star Line Aids ‘Imiloa March 2025 Sky Watch." Earth and Space News. Monday. Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/03/all-makalii-bailer-star-line-aids.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 March 2025. "Galaxy, Moon, Planet and Star Light Awes ‘Imiloa March 2025 Sky Watch." Earth and Space News. Monday. Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/03/galaxy-moon-planet-and-star-light-awes.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 March 2025. "Spring Equinox Adds Longest Day, Briefest Night Over Hawaii March 2025." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/03/spring-equinox-adds-longest-day.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 March 2025. "An All-Eclipsed Full Moon Affords No Moonlight Over Hawaii March 20255." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/03/an-all-eclipsed-full-moon-affords-no.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 March 2025. "Cloudy Skies All But Once Accompany Moon Phases Over Hawaii March 2025." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/03/cloudy-skies-all-but-once-accompany.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 February 2025. "Makalii Bailer More Than Kawelo's Kite Awes Hawaii Skies February 2025." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/02/makalii-bailer-more-than-kawelos-kite.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 February 2025. "Stars Amid and Around Star Lines Alighten Hilo, Hawaii February 2025." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/02/stars-amid-and-around-star-lines.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 February 2025. "Mars Aligns With Six Other Planets Above Hilo, Hawaii February 2025" Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/02/mars-aligns-with-six-other-planets.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 February 2025. "Moon Phases Alighten Moon-Risen Skies Above Hilo, Hawaii February 2025." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/02/moon-phases-alighten-moon-risen-skies.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 January 2025. "Star Lines Awe Galaxy-, Moon-, Planet-Lit Hawaiian Skies February 2025." Earth and Space News. Monday. Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/01/star-lines-awe-galaxy-moon-planet-lit_27.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 January 2025. "A Galaxy, a Moon, Planets, Stars Abide Above Hilo, Hawaii January 2025." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/01/a-galaxy-moon-planets-stars-abide-above.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 January 2025. "Moon Phases Alighten Moon-Risen Skies Over Hilo, Hawaii January 2025." Earth and Space News. Monday. Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/01/moon-phases-alighten-moon-risen-skies.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 December 2024. "‘Maunakea Astronomers Ally Disrupted and Ultra-Compact Dwarf Galaxies." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/12/maunakea-astronomers-ally-disrupted-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 December 2024. "‘Imiloa December 2024 Sky Watch Aced Hibernal Northern Winter Solstice." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/12/imiloa-december-2024-sky-watch-aced.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 December 2024. "Kawelo’s Kite Kalupeakawelo Alightens ‘Imiloa December 2024 Sky Watch." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/12/kawelos-kite-kalupeakawelo-alightens.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 December 2024. "‘Imiloa December 2024 Sky Watch Aces 3200 Phaethon Asteroidal Geminids." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/12/imiloa-december-2024-sky-watch-aces.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 December 2024. "‘Imiloa December 2024 Sky Watch Accommodates Four Moon Phases." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/12/imiloa-december-2024-sky-watch.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 November 2024. "‘Imiloa November 2024 Sky Watch Applauds Makalii and Makahiki Arriving." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/11/imiloa-november-2024-sky-watch-applauds.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 November 2024. "Leonid Meteor Shower Alights ‘Imiloa November 2024 Sky Watch." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/11/leonid-meteor-shower-alights-imiloa.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 November 2024. "Kawelo’s Kite Kalupeakawelo Amuses ‘Imiloa November 2024 Sky Watch." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/11/kawelos-kite-kalupeakawelo-amuses.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 November 2024. "Six Sunny Days Appear for ‘Imiloa November 2024 Sky Watch Moon Phases." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/11/six-sunny-days-appear-for-imiloa.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 October 2024. "Keck Observatory Avails ‘Imiloa October 2024 Sky Watch of Porphyrion." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/10/keck-observatory-avails-imiloa-october.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 October 2024. "Bailer, Fishline, Kite Star Lines Adorn ‘Imiloa October 2024 Sky Watch." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/10/death-at-sanatorium-acquaints-us-with_01214399686.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 October 2024. "‘Imiloa October 2024 Sky Watch Day Two Aced a Partial Solar Eclipse." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/10/imiloa-october-2024-sky-watch-day-two.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 October 2024. "‘Imiloa October 2024 Sky Watch Airs Four Moon Phases, No Ancient Trio." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/10/imiloa-october-2024-sky-watch-airs-four.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 September 2024. "‘Imiloa September 2024 Sky Watch Admires Planet Saturn Dusk to Dawn." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/09/imiloa-september-2024-sky-watch-admires.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 September 2024. "‘Imiloa September 2024 Sky Watch Admitted the Autumnal Equinox Sunday." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/09/imiloa-september-2024-sky-watch-aces.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 September 2024. "Imiloa September 2024 Sky Watch Aces Full-Moon Penumbral Lunar Eclipse." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/09/imiloa-september-2024-sky-watch-aces.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 September 2024. "‘Imiloa September 2024 Sky Watch Airs Backbone, Fishline, Kawelo Kite Star Lines." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/09/imiloa-september-2024-sky-watch-airs.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 September 2024. "‘Imiloa September 2024 Sky Watch Appears Most Active Under Full Moons." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/09/imiloa-september-2024-sky-watch-appears.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 August 2024. "Backbone and Chief's Fishline Awe 'Imiloa August 2024 Sky Watch." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/08/backbone-and-chiefs-fishline-awe-imiloa.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 August 2024. "Mars and Jupiter Conjunction Alights ‘Imiloa August 2024 Sky Watch." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/08/mars-and-jupiter-conjunction-alights.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 August 2024. "Perseids Meteor Shower Maximally Alights ‘Imiloa August 2024 Sky Watch." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/08/perseids-meteor-shower-maximally.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 August 2024. "‘Imiloa August 2024 Sky Watch Accepts Two Last-Quarter Moon Phases." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/08/imiloa-august-2024-sky-watch-accepts.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 July 2024. "Moons, Planets, Stars Are at ‘Imiloa July 2024 Sky Watch Early Morning." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/07/moons-planets-stars-are-at-imiloa-july.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 July 2024. "The Backbone and The Chief’s Fishline Awe ‘Imiloa July 2024 Sky Watch." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/07/the-backbone-and-chiefs-fishline-awe.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 July 2024. "‘Imiloa July 2024 Sky Watch Assigns Lahaina Noon Dates, Places, Times." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/07/imiloa-july-2024-sky-watch-assigns.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 July 2024. "‘Imiloa July 2024 Sky Watch Accepts Two First-Quarter Moon Phases." Earth and Space News. Monday. Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/07/imiloa-july-2024-sky-watch-accepts-two.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 July 2024. "‘Imiloa July 2024 Sky Watch Adds One More To Ancient Moon Phases." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/07/imiloa-july-2024-sky-watch-adds-one.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 June 2024. "'Imiloa June 2024 Sky Watch Morning Planets, Star Cluster, Star Lines." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/06/imiloa-june-2024-sky-watch-morning.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 June 2024. "‘Imiloa June 2024 Sky Watch Moon Phases Admit Summer Solstice June 20." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/06/imiloa-june-2024-sky-watch-moon-phases.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 June 2024. "‘Imiloa June 2024 Sky Watch Addresses Backbone Star Line Kaiwikuamo’o." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/06/imiloa-june-2024-sky-watch-addresses.html

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Dutch Elm Disease Resistance as Arboriculture & Urban Forestry Nov2026

Summary: Dutch Elm Disease Resistance in American Elm as Arboriculture & Urban Forestry Nov2026 approaches A Conceptual Framework and Case Study from Minnesota.

"God talks to human beings through many vectors: through each other, through organized religion, through the great books of those religions, through wise people, through art and music and literature and poetry, but nowhere with such detail and grace and color and joy as through creation. When we destroy a species, when we destroy a special place, we're diminishing our capacity to sense the divine, understand who God is and what our own potential is." Robert Francis Kennedy Jr., April 19, 2023, Boston Park Plaza Hotel, Back Bay, Boston, Massachusetts.


“And there’s many people out there who want us to move to the next planet already and I’m like, hang on, let’s not give up on this planet yet," William, Prince of Wales, July 31, 2023, Sorted Food food truck, London, England, United Kingdom.

Dutch Elm Disease Resistance in American Elm as Arboriculture & Urban Forestry Nov2026 approaches A Conceptual Framework and Case Study from Minnesota by Benjamin Held, Ryan Murphy, Chad Giblin and Robert Blanchette.

The destructive-invasive pathogen Dutch-elm disease bothered early-1900s Netherlands even as plant-pathologist Barendina Gerarda Spierenburg (Sat., Apr 10, 1880-Sun., Dec 10, 1967) bared symptoms year 1900 onward. Marie Schol-Schwarz (Tue., Jul 12, 1898-Sun., Jul 27, 1969) confirmed fungal cause and Christine Buisman (Thu., Mar 22, 1900-Fri., Mar 27, 1936) created artificial-inoculation, resistant selections. Unitedstatesian elms, despite Spierenburg year-1921 designations, Buisman year-1928 selections, died year-1930 onward from fungal-pathogen Ophiostoma ulmi, then from elm-bark (Scolytus spp) beetle-vectored Ophiostoma novo-ulmi ssp americana.

Midwest- and Eastern-Unitedstatesian shade- and street-tree epitome DED-enfeebled entailed expired-elm millions at enormous ecological and economic expenditures and expense and eclipsed canopy cover and community structure.

Gum- and extractive-formation, phenolic- ("[pathogen-/stress-]clearing"; Greek φαίνω) induction, quick-developing tyloses ("balloon-like-plant-cavity-growth"; Greek τύλη/τύλος) and vessel-narrowing anatomical and physiological defenses favor slower-moving pathogens and feature vascular-function preservation.

Almost 100 years of Dutch elm-diseased American elms generate variable results even as the afore given disease guards three pathogens and groups anong their casualties Zelkova species. Ulmus americana as inoculation responding elm trees heed inoculation phenological age, seasonality, site, timing, inoculum creation, concentration, dose, volume; pathogen isolate diversity, numbers; tree age, setting, size. The four co-authors indicated as the first elm teee selections identified as DED pathogen Ophiostoma Ulmi resistant the Dutch elm tree cultivar Ulmus hollandica Christine Buisman from 10-plus dexades ago.

Benjamin Held, Ryan Murphy, Chad Giblin, Robert Blanchette journey Arboriculture & Urban Forestry Nov2026 through Dutch Elm Disease Resistance in American Elm even as their study judges Netherlands precedents and procedures.

Host susceptibility knows its largest levels in the late spring and the late summer months even as early growing season months keep larger sized vessels and dense summerwood-loaded months littler sized.

Inoculum dose lags or leads anong infection rate influences even as branch, main stem inoculation sites let or limit pathogen xylem colonizing extents and rates, vascular system location launched defense reactions. Novo ulmi-infected elms master biochemical, physiological, structural process defenses even as narrow, small xylem trees perhaps muster antivertical spreading parenchyma cell intruded lumen vessel tyloses, infected vessel occluding, chemical barrier obstructing gels, gums. Of Jefferson, Lewis and Clark Prairie Expedition, Valley Forge study named cultivars, Valley Forge resistance successively nudged jasmoric acid activated signaling, stable salicylic acid levels, defense related genes, fungal growth restricting, vessel wall reinforcing proteinase inhibitor, chitinase, cytochrome P450 enzymes.

Co-authors Benjamin Held, Ryan Murphy, Chad Giblin, Robert Blanchette offer Arboriculture & Urban Forestry Nov2026 that occasioning Dutch Elm Disease Persistence in American Elm A Conceptual Framework and Case Study from Minnesota.

Compartmentalizing wall, pathogen slowing, pathogen stopping tree defense processes position antivertical speading wall one gels, gums, tylises above, below infected areas; antiradial antitangential spreading walls two, three phenolics; antiinfection rebirthing wall 4 postinfection cell formation final barrier zone.

DED quartering wilt qualifies as systemic occurrence in tree crown localized areas even as delayed symptom onset queues slow development questing visible wilt in resistant trees with early activation defense pathways. Symptom expression revealing such environmental factors and physical differences as water availability, rooting depth; localized vigor, albeit repressible by uniseasonal 25-plus percent removing live crown, realizes replicated test differences. The plant disease triangle of environmental conduciveness, host susceptibility and pathogen virulence suggests counteracting such evolution by ongoing elm monitoring; clone greater genetic diversity; contemporary pathogen isolates selecting for periodic resistance re-evaluating.

Benjamin Held, Ryan Murphy, Chad Giblin, Robert Blanchette through Dutch Elm Disease Resistance in American Elm tell Arboriculture & Urban Forestry Nov2026 of Unitedstatesian cultivars transmitting DED Resistance under twenty-first century field conditions.

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

IMAGE 1

IMAGE 2

For further information:

Gilman, Ed. 2011. An Illustrated Guide to Pruning. Third Edition. Boston MA: Cengage.

Hayes, Ed. 2001. Evaluating Tree Defects. Revised, Special Edition. Rochester MN: Safe Trees.

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Marriner, Derdriu. 6 Novembber 2026. "Edin Karamazov Appreciates Bosnian Maple, Bosnian Spruce, Zoran Kuvač." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/10/drs-mann-and-zhang-ace-for-green.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 October 2026. "Bosnian Spruce and Serbian Spruce Are Endemic Trees at the Drina River." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/10/bosnian-spruce-and-serbian-spruce-are.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 October 2026. "Dr Brady Self Airs Herbicide Symptomology on Forest Health 14 Oct 2026." Earth and Space News. Wednesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/10/dr-brady-self-airs-herbicide.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 October 2026. "Dr Brady Self Aims Herbicide Symptomology to Forest Health 14 Oct 2026." Earth and Space News. Wednesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/10/dr-brady-self-aims-herbicide.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 October 2026. "Dr Brady Self Adds Herbicide Symptomology to Forest Health 14 Oct 2026." Earth and Space News. Wednesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/10/dr-brady-self-adds-herbicide.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 October 2026. "TREE Fund Avails Cornell Urban Equity, Western Reserve Tree Stewards." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/10/tree-fund-avails-cornell-urban-equity.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 October 2026. "Scharenbroch, Smiley Avail Oct 2026 Arborist News Soil Modification 2." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/10/scharenbroch-smiley-avail-oct-2026.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 October 2026. "Drs Harper and Silver Add Biochar Applications to Urban Forestry Today." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/10/drs-harper-and-silver-add-biochar.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 September 2026. "Drs Caldwell, Mann and Zhang Ace Healthy Soils Support Healthy Trees." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/09/drs-caldwell-mann-and-zhang-ace-healthy.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 September 2026. "Dr Rasmussen Adds Prescription Pruning to City Forests by Dr Arseniou." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/09/dr-rasmussen-adds-prescription-pruning.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 September 2026. "Dr Koeser Adds Planning for Roots to Dr Harper's Urban Forestry Today." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/09/dr-koeser-adds-planning-for-roots-to-dr.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 September 2026. "Arboriculture & Urban Forestry Sep 2026 Addresses Spotted Lanternfly." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/09/arboriculture-urban-forestry-sep-2026.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 August 2026. "Dr Kahn Adds Tree and Powerline Clearances to TREE Fund Webinar Series." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/08/dr-kahn-adds-tree-and-powerline.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 August 2026. "Drs Zhang and Mann Ask Green Stormwater Infrastructure: Does It Work?" Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/08/drs-zhang-and-mann-ask-green-stormwater_01364402788.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 August 2026. "Scharenbroch and Smiley Avail Aug 2026 Arborist News Soil Modification." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/08/scharenbroch-and-smiley-avail-aug-2026.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 July 2026. "Dr Jeff Hall Aces Amphibians and Forest Management as Forestry Webinar." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/07/dr-jeff-hall-aces-amphibians-and-forest.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 July 2026. "Drs Zhang and Mann Ace Green Industry Webinar on Irrigation Salinity." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/07/drs-zhang-and-mann-ace-green-industry.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 July 2026. "Nidus Consulting's Ryan Gilpin Advises So, there is a new ISA TRAQ." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/07/nidus-consultings-ryan-gilpin-advises.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 July 2026. "Yellow-Naped Amazons Maybe Aided a 3-Year Study by Dr Thomas Whitney." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/07/yellow-naped-amazons-maybe-aided-3-year_0108533574.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 July 2026. "Linden Aphids Are in a 3-Year Study by Dr Thomas Whitney for TREE Fund." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/07/linden-aphids-are-in-3-year-study-by-dr.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 July 2026. "Aphid Midges Are in a 3-Year Study by Dr Thomas Whitney for TREE Fund." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/07/dr-thomas-whitney-analyzes-aphid-midges.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 July 2026. "Dr Thomas Whitney Analyzes Aphid Midges in July 2026 TREE Fund Webinar." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/07/dr-thomas-whitney-analyzes-aphid-midges.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 July 2026. "Arboriculture & Urban Forestry Jul 2026 Airs Tree-Caused Power Outages." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/07/arboriculture-urban-forestry-jul-2026.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 June 2026. "Dr Daryl Chesley Adds UVM Training for Adult Learning to UAA Webinars." Earth and Space News. Wednesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/06/dr-daryl-chesley-adds-uvm-training-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 June 2026. "Randall H Miller Avails Arborist News June 2026 Vegetation Management." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/06/randall-h-miller-avails-arborist-news_038486589.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 May 2026. "Dr Wei Zhang Advances Drought-Restricted, Water-Prescribed Young Trees and Water Conservation." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/05/dr-wei-zhang-advances-drought.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 May 2026. "Chris O'Neal Adds Helicopter Trimming a Rural Co-op to UAA Webinars." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/05/chris-oneal-adds-helicopter-trimming.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 May 2026. "Arboriculture & Urban Forestry May 2026 Addresses Street Tree Stress." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/05/arboriculture-urban-forestry-may-2026.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 April 2026. "Ali Jasper Avails American Forests Diversity as a Resourcing Solution." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/04/ali-jasper-avails-american-forests.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 April 2026. "Drs Hauer, Koeser, Miesbauer Add Tree Injections as TREE Fund Webinar." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/04/drs-hauer-koeser-miesbauer-add-tree.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 April 2026. "Dr Eshenaur Apprises Urban Forestry Today Host Dr Harper of 2027 Pests." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/04/dr-eshenaur-apprises-urban-forestry_9.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 April 2026. "Christopher Luley, Kevin Smith Add Heart Rot to Arborist News Apr 2026." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/04/christopher-luley-kevin-smith-add-heart.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 March 2026. "Arboriculture & Urban Forestry March 2026 Airs Urban Tree Survival." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/03/arboriculture-urban-forestry-march-2026.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 February 2026. "Davey Tree Expert Company Augurs Dr Orrick's Futureproof the Workforce." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/02/davey-tree-expert-company-augurs-dr.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 February 2026. "Dr Brigitte Orrick Adds Futureproof the Workforce to American Forests." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/02/dr-brigitte-orrick-adds-futureproof.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 February 2026. "Arborist News Feb 2026 Airs Protecting Urban Greenspaces from Wildfire." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/02/arborist-news-feb-2026-airs-protecting.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 February 2026. "Dr Danica Doroski Aces Tree Committees for UMass Urban Forestry Today." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/02/dr-danica-doroski-aces-tree-committees_01178833716.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 January 2026. "Arboriculture & Urban Forestry Jan 2026 Assesses Cicadas on New Trees." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/01/arboriculture-urban-forestry-jan-2026.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 December 2025. "Arborist News Dec 2025 Airs Soil Organic Matter 2 Sources, Management." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/12/arborist-news-dec-2025-airs-soil.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 November 2025. "Arboriculture & Urban Forestry Nov 2025 Airs Site, Soil, Oak Decline." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ Marriner, Derdriu. 2 November 2025. "Arboriculture & Urban Forestry Nov 2025 Airs Site, Soil, Oak Decline." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/11/arboriculture-urban-forestry-nov-2025.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 October 2025. "Drs Beatley, Brodbeck, Hupke Add to TREE Fund Webinars Canopy Cities." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/10/drs-beatley-brodbeck-hupke-add-to-tree.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 October 2025. "Drs Brodbeck, Brown, Hupke Add to TREE Fund Webinars Policy Strategies." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/10/drs-brodbeck-brown-hupke-add-to-tree.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 October 2025. "Drs Katy Crout Moretti, Kristy McAndrew Address Baldcypress Leafroller." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/10/drs-katy-crout-moretti-kristy-mcandrew.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 October 2025. "Remsen, Scharenbroch Air Soil Organic Matter I, Arborist News Oct 2025." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/10/remsen-scharenbroch-air-soil-organic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 October 2025. "Drs Rick Harper, Deb Gilbert Are Understanding the Urban Life of Trees." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/10/drs-rick-harper-deb-gilbert-are.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 September 2025. "Arboriculture & Urban Forestry Sep 2025 Avails Urban Trees and Cooling." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/09/arboriculture-urban-forestry-sep-2025.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 August 2025. "SJ Lilly, AK Julius Avail Arborist News Aug 2025 Tree Climbers' Guide." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/08/sj-lilly-ak-julius-avail-arborist-news.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 July 2025. "July TREE Fund Avails Leveraging Data and Experience for Tree Equity." Earth and Space News. Wednesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/07/july-tree-fund-avails-leveraging-data.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 June 2025. "John-Ashley Reese Avails Business of Arboriculture Safety from Scratch." Earth and Space News. Wednesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/06/john-ashley-reese-avails-business-of.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 June 2025. "Rolando Orellana Adds Urban Irrigation Technology to Creciendo Arboles." Earth and Space News. Wednesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/06/rolando-orellana-adds-urban-irrigation_18.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 June 2025. "Rolando Orellana Avails Creciendo Arboles Irrigation for Urban Trees." Earth and Space News. Wednesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/06/rolando-orellana-avails-creciendo.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 June 2025. "Sharon Lilly and Alex Julius Author Tree Climbers’ Guide: Removal." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/06/sharon-lilly-and-alex-julius-author.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 May 2025. "Nick Oney Aces Fleet Management Solutions in Business of Arboriculture." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/05/nick-oney-aces-fleet-management.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 May 2025. "Patricia Robinson Aids Creciendo Arboles Identifying, Evaluating Risks." Earth and Space News. Wednesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/05/patricia-robinson-aids-creciendo_14.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 May 2025. "Thiabendazole Acts on Beech Leaf, Dutch Elm, Sycamore Anthracnose." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/05/thiabendazole-acts-on-beech-leaf-dutch.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 May 2025. "Dr. Cadaval Aces Storm Collaboration and Preparedness for TREE Fund." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/05/dr-cadaval-aces-storm-collaboration-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 April 2025. "Chris Francis Aces Productive Work Force in Business of Arboriculture." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/04/chris-francis-aces-productive-work.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 April 2025. "Marge Daughtrey and Dan Gilrein Ace 2025 Landscape Pests for UMass UFT." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/04/marge-daughtrey-and-dan-gilrein-ace.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 April 2025. "Carolyn Mahan Aces IVM on Electric Transmission line ROW for TREE Fund." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/04/carolyn-mahan-aces-ivm-on-electric.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 April 2025. "Vicki Mendez Aids Creciendo Arboles Trees Affected by Invasive Species." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/04/vicki-mendez-aids-creciendo-arboles_9.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 April 2025. "Part Two to Tree Inventory BMP Avails Us a Successful Tree Inventory." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/04/part-two-to-tree-inventory-bmp-avails.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 March 2025. "Tree Care as Business Form Adds Tax Obligations, Deductions, Credits." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/03/tree-care-as-business-form-adds-tax.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 March 2025. "Hydraulic Conductivity Affects Plant and Root Water Potential." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/03/hydraulic-conductivity-affects-plant.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 March 2025. "Plant and Root Hydraulic Systems Act Together About Water Potential." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/03/plant-and-root-hydraulic-systems-act.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 March 2025. "Hurricane Wind Resistance Rating, Machine Learning and Tree Species." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/03/hurricane-wind-resistance-rating.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 March 2025. "Beau Brodbeck Avails Creciendo Arboles Construction-amiable Tree Care." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/03/beau-brodbeck-avails-creciendo-arboles.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 March 2025. "Matthew Searels and Jessie McClellan Apprise Brand and Sales Etiquette." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/03/matthew-searels-and-jessie-mcclellan.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 March 2025. "Soils Aid James Cassidy and EPA IPM Getting to the Root of the Problem." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/03/soils-aid-james-cassidy-and-epa-ipm.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 February 2025. "Arborist News February 2025 Airs Weathering the Storm by Warren Causey." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/02/arborist-news-february-2025-airs.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 January 2025. "How Are Two Magnolia, Two Maple Species’ Fine Roots After Waterlogging?" Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/01/how-are-two-magnolia-two-maple-species.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 December 2024. "December 2024 Arborist News Apprises Us of Tree Inventory BMP Part I." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/12/december-2024-arborist-news-apprises-us.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 November 2024. "Pruning Cuts Aid Codominant Stem Diameter Ratio, Exposed Wood, Appeal." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/11/pruning-cuts-aid-codominant-stem.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 October 2024. "Heartwood, Part I, Airs Biology, Formation, Identification, Importance." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/10/heartwood-part-i-airs-biology-formation.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 September 2024. "Conflict and Collaboration in Urban Forest Management Affect Each Other." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/09/conflict-and-collaboration-in-urban.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 August 2024. "Aged, Dead, Exotic Aid Taking an Ecosystem Approach to Tree Management" Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/08/aged-dead-exotic-aid-taking-ecosystem.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 July 2024. "What For Tree Workers Acts For and Against Professional Certification?" Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/07/what-for-tree-workers-acts-for-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 June 2024. "Tree Risk Assessment BMPs Address Target, Occupancy, Impact Likelihood." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/05/tree-root-architecture-acts-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 May 2024. "Tree Root Architecture Acts for Proactive Urban Green Space Design." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/05/tree-root-architecture-acts-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 April 2024. "Tree Risk Assessment Admits Best Management Practices Abbreviated BMPs." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/04/tree-risk-assessment-admits-best.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 March 2024. "Foliar Tissue Addresses Acer Heat Tolerance When Planning Urban Maples." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/03/foliar-tissue-addresses-acer-heat.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 February 2024. "Utility Tree Risk Asks About Target Strike, Then Tree Failure." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/02/utility-tree-risk-asks-about-target.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 January 2024. "System Failure From Ailing Water Transport Advises How Trees Grow Old." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/01/system-failure-from-ailing-water.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 January 2024. "Neighborhood-Scale Urban Forest Scenarios Aid Vancouver, Canada 2050." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/01/neighborhood-scale-urban-forest.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 December 2023. "Selection, Timing and Application Assure Shrub and Tree Fertilization." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/12/selection-timing-and-application-assure.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 November 2023. "Diverse, Ecoservicing, Resilient Urban Tree Trifecta Aid Dense Cities." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/11/diverse-ecoservicing-resilient-urban.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 October 2023. "Utility Tree Risk Assessment Applies to Trees, Targets and Site." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/10/utility-tree-risk-assessment-applies-to.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 September 2023. "Urban Forest Resilience Asks Species Diversity of Milwaukee Metropolitan Area." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/09/urban-forest-resilience-asks-species.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 August 2023. "Tree Roots with Secondary Thickening Are Tree Species Identifiers." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/08/tree-roots-with-secondary-thickening.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 July 2023. "Soil Decompaction and Soil Amendments Affect Urban Soil Quality." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/07/soil-decompaction-and-soil-amendments.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 June 2023. "Best Practices Affect Nonselective and Selective Root Pruning." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/06/best-practices-affect-nonselective-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 May 2023. "UAS and LIDAR Apply to Distribution Utility Vegetation Management." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/05/uas-and-lidar-apply-to-distribution.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 April 2023. "Trees and Construction – The Design Phase Aces Tree Preservation Zones." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/04/trees-and-construction-design-phase.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 March 2023. "Improved Model Estimates of Tree Debris Following Ice Storms Are Near." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/03/improved-model-estimates-of-tree-debris.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 February 2023. "Morgan Zabow, Jennifer First and TN Urban Forestry Council Assess UHI." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/morgan-zabow-jennifer-first-and-tn.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 February 2023. "Chris Graves Aced Winter Tree ID 2 at Tennessee Urban Forestry Council." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/chris-graves-aced-winter-tree-id-2-at.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 February 2023. "Theodore Eisenman Aired Tree Planting Initiatives as UMass Urban Forestry Today Webinar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/theodore-eisenman-aired-tree-planting.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 February 2023. "Green and White Variegated Trees Awe Nursery Industry and Tree Biology." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/green-and-white-variegated-trees-awe.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 February 2023. "Chris Graves Aired Winter Tree ID for Tennessee Urban Forestry Council." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/chris-graves-aired-winter-tree-id-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 January 2023. "Kathryn Bronsky Adds Asian Longhorned Beetles to EPA IPM 2023 Webinars." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/kathryn-bronsky-adds-asian-longhorned.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 January 2023. "Jay Dampier Adds Tree Diagnostics as Urban Forestry Today 2023 Webinar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/jay-dampier-adds-tree-diagnostics-as_75.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 January 2023. "Propiconazole Infusions and Injections Arrest Laurel Wilt in Sassafras." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/propiconazole-infusions-and-injections.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 December 2022. "How Tree Injections Are Administered Affects What They Achieve." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/12/how-tree-injections-are-administered.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 November 2022. "Climbing Line and Ascent Technique Affect Load Magnitude and Frequency." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/11/climbing-line-and-ascent-technique.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 October 2022. "Urban Forestry Around the Globe Assesses Private and Public Trees." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/10/urban-forestry-around-globe-assesses.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 October 2022. "Natural Enemies of Urban Landscape Pests Are Among Beneficial Insects." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/10/natural-enemies-of-urban-landscape.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 September 2022. "Urban Tree Canopy Placement Affects Summer Household Energy Savings." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/09/urban-tree-canopy-placement-affects.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 August 2022. "Five Common, Important Decay Fungi Afflict Urban Trees." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/08/five-common-important-decay-fungi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 July 2022. "Electrical and Mechanical Failures Arise From Utility Tree Failures." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/07/electrical-and-mechanical-failures.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 June 2022. "Cabling and Bracing Support Systems Address Tree Defects and Stresses." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/06/cabling-and-bracing-support-systems.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 May 2022. "Biochar Soil Amendments Advance Soil Quality and Tree Survival." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/03/remote-sensing-of-urban-forests-assures.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 April 2022. "Rapid Urban Site Index Allows Urban Forest and Tree Soil Assessments." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/04/rapid-urban-site-index-allows-urban.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 March 2022. "Remote Sensing of Urban Forests Assures Modern Urban Forestry a Future." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/03/remote-sensing-of-urban-forests-assures.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 February 2022. "Sonic Tomography Adds Internal Defects to Level 3 Tree Risk Assessment." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/02/sonic-tomography-adds-internal-defects.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 January 2022. "Private Tree Regulations Attempt to Avert Private Tree Canopy Loss." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/01/private-tree-regulations-attempt-to.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 January 2022. "Best Management Practices Advance Urban Tree Care and Urban Wildlife." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/01/best-management-practices-advance-urban.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 December 2021. "Integrated Vegetation Management Applies Balanced Control Methods." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/12/integrated-vegetation-management.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 November 2021. "Leafy, Woody Canopies and Diverse Species Augur Resilient Urban Trees." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/11/leafy-woody-canopies-and-diverse.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 October 2021. "Careful Selection, Planting and Post-Planting Assist Tree Longevity." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/10/careful-selection-planting-and-post.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 September 2021. "Energy Gain and Water Use Abet Radial Growth of Irrigated Urban Trees." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/09/energy-gain-and-water-use-abet-radial.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 August 2021. "Soil Assessments Address Low or Affirm High Quality of Urban Soils." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/08/soil-assessments-address-low-or-affirm.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 August 2021. "Lindsey Purcell Aired Late Season Pruning Impacts as TreeStuff Webinar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/08/lindsey-purcell-aired-late-season.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 July 2021. "Soil, Roots, Leaves, Dormant Buds Affect Stressed Eucalypt Seedlings." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/07/soil-roots-leaves-dormant-buds-affect.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 July 2021. "Nick Araya of TreeCareLA Addressed Palm Pruning as TreeStuff Webinar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/07/nick-araya-of-treecarela-addressed-palm.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 June 2021. "Native Wood-Borers Alarm Ornamental Landscape and Urban Forest Natives." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/06/native-wood-borers-alarm-ornamental.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 May 2021. "Structural Pruning of Callery Pear Adds Nothing to Branch Union Strength." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/05/structural-pruning-adds-no-branch-union.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 April 2021. "Stationary Rope Systems (SRS) Annul Friction by Ascents and Redirects." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/04/stationary-rope-systems-srs-annul.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 March 2021. "Inducing Agents and Synthetic Fungicides Axe Leaf Blotch and Pear Scab." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/inducing-agents-and-synthetic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 March 2021. "Shem Kendrick Added Modern At-Home Bonsai to TreeStuff Webinar Series." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/shem-kendrick-added-modern-at-home.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 February 2021. "Stationary Rope Systems (SRS) Allow Anchors, Ascent and Work Equipment." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/stationary-rope-systems-srs-allow.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 January 2021. "Street and Park Tree Inventories Since 1902 Assess Trees in Ithaca, NY." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/street-and-park-tree-inventories-since.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 December 2020. "Tree Defect Identification During Tree Inspections Averts Tree Failure." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/12/tree-defect-identification-during-tree.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 November 2020. "Reduction Pruning Utility Trees Affects CODIT and Epicormic Branches." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/11/reduction-pruning-utility-trees-affects.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 October 2020. "Arboricultural Operation Safety Standards Avert Adverse Events." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/10/arboricultural-operation-safety.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 September 2020. "Root-Stem Transition Zones Aim Loading Forces Through Roots and Soils." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/09/root-stem-transition-zones-aim-loading.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 August 2020. "Arboricultural Operation Safety Standards Are Country-Specific." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/08/arboricultural-operation-safety.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 July 2020. "Sensitivity Analyses Admit Ecosystem Disservice and Ecosystem Service." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/07/sensitivity-analyses-admit-ecosystem.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 June 2020. "Lignotubers Assure Arboricultural Management of Lignotuberous Shoots." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/06/lignotubers-assure-arboricultural.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 May 2020. "Included Bark Ages Safely With Fused, Entwining Natural Braces ." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/05/included-bark-ages-safely-with-fused.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 May 2020. "Trent Dicks Alerted TreeStuff Webinar Attendees to Spotted Lanternfly." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/05/trent-dicks-alerted-treestuff-webinar.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 April 2020. "Canker Identification and Canker Management Apply to Landscape Trees." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/04/canker-identification-and-canker.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 March 2020. "Arboricultural Operation Safety Training Averts Hazardous Incidents." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/03/arboricultural-operation-safety.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 February 2020. "Boundary-Spanning Collective Action Assuages Wildfire Risk in the West." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/02/boundary-spanning-collective-action.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 February 2020. "Biochar Applications Are Best With Compost and Fertilizer Applications." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/02/biochar-applications-are-best-with.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 January 2020. "Fungicide Injections Affect Dutch Elm Disease and Internal Decay." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/01/fungicide-injections-affect-dutch-elm.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 December 2019. "Pruning Cuts Applied Ably, Appropriately Are Best Management Practices." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/12/pruning-cuts-applied-ably-appropriately.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 November 2019. "Structural Growing Media and Supported Pavement Affect Tree Responses." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/11/structural-growing-media-and-supported.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 October 2019. "Tree Pruning Systems Answer to Best Management Practices." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/10/tree-pruning-systems-answer-to-best.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 September 2019. "Southeastern Street Tree Arthropod Pests Are Online Survey Subjects." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/09/southeastern-street-tree-arthropod.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 August 2019. "Cost Approach Approximates Plant Repair, Replacement or Restoration." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/08/cost-approach-approximates-plant-repair.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 July 2019. "Indirect Watering Devices Are There for Newly Transplanted Urban Trees." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/07/indirect-watering-devices-are-there-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 June 2019. "Plant Appraisal Data Collection Allies Off-Site and On-Site Research." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/06/plant-appraisal-data-collection-allies.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 May 2019. "Wire Basket Removal or Wire Basket Retention: Girdling or Stable Roots." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/05/wire-basket-removal-or-wire-basket.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 April 2019. "Woody Plant Appraisal Data Collection for Shrubs, Trees and Vines." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/04/woody-plant-appraisal-data-collection.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 March 2019. "Balancing Roadside Tree Benefits and Risk of Streetscape Tree Crashes." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/03/balancing-roadside-tree-benefits-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 February 2019. “Plant Appraisal Estimate, Scope, Data, Analysis, Reconciliation, Report.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/02/plant-appraisal-estimate-scope-data.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 January 2019. “Urban Tree Vulnerability in Residential Toronto, Ontario, Canada.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/01/urban-tree-vulnerability-in-residential.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 December 2018. "Plant Appraisal: Cost and Value Estimates and Economic Principles." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/12/plant-appraisal-cost-and-value.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 December 2018. "Six-Year Forest Health Ambassador Program of Oakville, Ontario, Canada." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/12/six-year-forest-health-ambassador.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 October 2018. "Nursery Production Systems: Tough Urban Landscape Trees on Rough Sites." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/10/nursery-production-systems-tough-urban.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 September 2018. "Induced-Resistance Agents, Silicon Fertilizers, Synthetic Fungicides." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/09/induced-resistance-agents-silicon.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 August 2018. "Nursery Production Systems for Successful Urban Tree Plantings." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/08/nursery-production-systems-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 July 2018. "Tree Roots Branch in Fabric Containers But Circle and Girdle Plastic." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/07/tree-roots-branch-in-fabric-containers.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 June 2018. "Wood Decay Fungi Management of Terminal Urban Pathogens." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/06/wood-decay-fungi-management-of-terminal.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 May 2018. "Downtown Commercial Streetscape Tree Populations in Toronto, Canada." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/05/downtown-commercial-streetscape-tree.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 April 2018. “Mushroom-Forming and Non-Mushroom-Forming Fungal Life Cycle Traits.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/04/mushroom-forming-and-non-mushroom.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 March 2018. “Emerald Ash Borer Rapid Response Community Preparedness Project.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/03/emerald-ash-borer-rapid-response.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 February 2018. “Tree Retention by Arborists for Wildlife Habitat Friendly Tree Care.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/02/tree-retention-by-arborists-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 January 2018. “Integrated Vegetation Management Study in North and South Yukon, Canada.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/01/integrated-vegetation-management-study.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 December 2017. “Tree Inventories: Preemptive and Proactive or Piecemeal and Reactive.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/12/tree-inventories-preemptive-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 November 2017. “Chlorantraniliprole Reduced-Risk Insecticides Get Leaf-Eaters Not Bees.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/11/chlorantraniliprole-reduced-risk.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 October 2017. “Palm Plant Health Care: Abiotic, Biotic Stress Culture and Management.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/10/palm-plant-health-care-abiotic-biotic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 September 2017. “Predawn Leaf Water Potentials Indicate Crown Dieback and Water Status.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/09/predawn-leaf-water-potentials-indicate.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 August 2017. “Palm Tree Identification and Pruning of Native and Naturalizable Palms.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/08/palm-tree-identification-and-pruning-of.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 July 2017. “Commonly Planted, Potentially Phytoremediating Street Tree Species.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/07/commonly-planted-potentially.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 June 2017. “Root Loss From Root Pruning and Root Shaving of Stem-Girdling Roots.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/06/root-loss-from-root-pruning-and-root.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 May 2017. “Age and Canopy Area Cost Less and Tell More in Urban Tree Inventories.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/05/age-and-canopy-area-cost-less-and-tell.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 April 2017. “Urban Root Management: Big Infrastructure, Small Space, Stressed Roots.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/04/urban-root-management-big.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 March 2017. “Flexural Elasticity Modulus: Trees and Watersprouts Bend or Break.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/03/flexural-elasticity-modulus-trees-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 February 2017. “Plant Health Care Diagnostics When Plants and Places Wrong One Another.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/02/plant-health-care-diagnostics-when.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 January 2017. “Tree Fertilization for Fine Root Growth and Whole Root System Effects.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/01/tree-fertilization-for-fine-root-growth.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 December 2016. “Abiotic and Biotic Stress in Low Maintenance Tree Health Care Programs.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/12/abiotic-and-biotic-stress-in-low.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 November 2016. “Organic Amendments to Compacted Degraded Urban Highway Roadsides.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/11/organic-amendments-to-compacted.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 October 2016. “Tree Protection Zones by Arborists for All Construction Project Phases.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/10/tree-protection-zones-by-arborists-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 September 2016. “Stormwater Runoff Landscaping With Urban Canopy Cover and Groundcover.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/09/stormwater-runoff-landscaping-with.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 August 2016. “Changing Places: Tree Nutrient Movement Down, Tree Water Movement Up.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/08/changing-places-tree-nutrient-movement.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 July 2016. “Treated or Untreated Oriental Bittersweet Vine Management Cut-Stumping.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/07/treated-or-untreated-oriental.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 June 2016. “Tree Injection Site Procedures: Manufacturer's Instructions and Labels.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/06/tree-injection-site-procedures.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 May 2016. “Electrical Utility Area Temperate Urban Street Trees: Pruned Regrowth.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/05/electrical-utility-area-temperate-urban.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 April 2016. “Tree Injection Methods: Treatment Option in Integrated Pest Management.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/04/tree-injection-methods-treatment-option.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 March 2016. “Bare-Rooted Ornamental Urban Transplants: Amendments Against Mortality.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/03/bare-rooted-ornamental-urban.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 February 2016. “Bark Protective Survival Mechanisms Foil Deprivation, Injury, Invasion.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/02/bark-protective-survival-mechanisms.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 January 2016. "LITA Model: Linear Index of Tree Appraisal of Large Urban Swedish Trees." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/01/lita-model-linear-index-of-tree.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 December 2015. “Tree Lightning Protection Systems: Site, Soil, Species True Designs.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/12/tree-lightning-protection-systems-site.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 October 2015. “Tree Lightning Protection Systems Tailored to Sites, Soils, Species.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/10/tree-lightning-protection-systems.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 August 2015. “Tree Friendly Urban Soil Management: Amend, Fertilize, Mulch, Till!” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/08/tree-friendly-urban-soil-management.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 June 2015. “Tree Friendly Urban Soil Management: Assemble, Assess, Assist, Astound.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/06/tree-friendly-urban-soil-management.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 April 2015. “Tree Wound Responses: Healthy Wound Closures by Callus and Woundwood.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/04/tree-wound-responses-healthy-wound.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 February 2015. “Urban Forest Maintenance and Non-Maintenance Costs and Benefits.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/02/urban-forest-maintenance-and-non.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 December 2014. “Tree Dwelling Symbionts: Dodder, Lichen, Mistletoe, Moss and Woe-Vine.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/12/tree-dwelling-symbionts-dodder-lichen.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 October 2014. “Tree Cable Installation Systems Lessen Target Impact From Tree Failure.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/10/tree-cable-installation-systems-lessen.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 August 2014. “Flood Tolerant Trees in Worst-Case Floodplain and Urbanized Scenarios.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/08/flood-tolerant-trees-in-worst-case.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 June 2014. “Integrated Vegetation Management of Plants in Utility Rights-of-Way.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/06/integrated-vegetation-management-of.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 April 2014. “Tree Twig Identification: Buds, Bundle Scars, Leaf Drops, Leaf Scars.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/04/tree-twig-identification-buds-bundle.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 February 2014. “Tree Twig Anatomy: Ecosystem Stress, Growth Rates, Winter Identification.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/02/tree-twig-anatomy-ecosystem-stress.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 December 2013. “Community and Tree Safety Awareness During Line- and Road-Clearances.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/12/community-and-tree-safety-awareness.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 October 2013. “Chain-Saw Gear and Tree Work Related Personal Protective Equipment.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/10/chain-saw-gear-and-tree-work-related.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 October 2013. “Storm Damaged Tree Clearances: Matched Teamwork of People to Equipment.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/10/storm-damaged-tree-clearances-matched.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 August 2013. “Storm Induced Tree Damage Assessments: Pre-Storm Planned Preparedness.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/08/storm-induced-tree-damage-assessments.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 June 2013. “Storm Induced Tree Failures From Heavy Tree Weights and Weather Loads.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/06/storm-induced-tree-failures-from-heavy.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 April 2013. “Urban Tree Root Management Concerns: Defects, Digs, Dirt, Disturbance.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/04/urban-tree-root-management-concerns.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 February 2013. “Tree Friendly Beneficial Soil Microbes: Inoculations and Occurrences.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/02/tree-friendly-beneficial-soil-microbes.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 December 2012. “Healthy Urban Tree Root Crown Balances: Soil Properties, Soil Volumes.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/12/healthy-urban-tree-root-crown-balances.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 October 2012. “Tree Adaptive Growth: Tree Risk Assessment of Tree Failure, Tree Strength.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/10/tree-adaptive-growth-tree-risk.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 August 2012. “Tree Risk Assessment Mitigation Reports: Tree Removal, Tree Retention?” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/08/tree-risk-assessment-mitigation-reports.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 June 2012. “Internally Stressed, Response Growing, Wind Loaded Tree Strength.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/06/internally-stressed-response-growing.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 April 2012. “Three Tree Risk Assessment Levels: Limited Visual, Basic and Advanced.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/04/three-tree-risk-assessment-levels.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 February 2012. “Qualitative Tree Risk Assessment: Risk Ratings for Targets and Trees.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/02/qualitative-tree-risk-assessment-risk.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 February 2012. “Qualitative Tree Risk Assessment: Falling Trees Impacting Targets.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/02/qualitative-tree-risk-assessment.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 December 2011. “Tree Risk Assessment: Tree Failures From Defects and From Wind Loads.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/12/tree-risk-assessment-tree-failures-from.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 October 2011. “Five Tree Felling Plan Steps for Successful Removals and Worker Safety.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/10/five-tree-felling-plan-steps-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 August 2011. “Natives and Non-Natives as Successfully Urbanized Plant Species.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/08/natives-and-non-natives-as-successfully.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 June 2011. “Tree Ring Patterns for Ecosystem Ages, Dates, Health and Stress.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/06/tree-ring-patterns-for-ecosystem-ages.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 April 2011. “Benignly Ugly Tree Disorders: Oak Galls, Powdery Mildew, Sooty Mold, Tar Spot.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/04/benignly-ugly-tree-disorders-oak-galls.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 February 2011. “Tree Load Can Turn Tree Health Into Tree Failure or Tree Fatigue.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/02/tree-load-can-turn-tree-health-into.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 December 2010. “Tree Electrical Safety Knowledge, Precautions, Risks and Standards.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/12/tree-electrical-safety-knowledge.html