Earth and Space News

Monday, June 29, 2026

Bishop Museum June 2026 Sky Map Admits Kaiwikuamoo Backbone Star Line

Summary: Bishop Museum June 2026 Sky Map admits Kaiwikuamoo Backbone star line as the complete navigational star-family line for dark skies over Hawaiian islands.

"God talks to human beings through many vectors: through each other, through organized religion, through the great books of those religions, through wise people, through art and music and literature and poetry, but nowhere with such detail and grace and color and joy as through creation. When we destroy a species, when we destroy a special place, we're diminishing our capacity to sense the divine, understand who God is and what our own potential is." Robert Francis Kennedy Jr., April 19, 2023, Boston Park Plaza Hotel, Back Bay, Boston, Massachusetts.

“And there’s many people out there who want us to move to the next planet already and I’m like, hang on, let’s not give up on this planet yet," William, Prince of Wales, July 31, 2023, Sorted Food food truck, London, England, United Kingdom.

Bishop Museum June 2026 Sky Map over Honolulu, Honolulu County, Oahu island, Hawaii state admits Kaiwikuamoo Backbone star line as the complete navigational star-family line month-long for dark skies over Hawaiian islands.

The afore-broached navigational-star family and summer-star line bases itself between the akau (Hawaiian ‘Ākau, “north”) north and the Hema (Hawaiian hema, “[west-ensconced sun] left[-ward]”) south horizons. It commences with Hokupaa (North Star, Polaris, from Greek πόλος via Latin polus –āris, “pole-pertaining”; “star immovable,” Hawaiian Hōkūpa’a, hōkū pa’a) as its first, northernmost star. It designates as its second navigational-family star-line star Nahiku (Big Dipper, also determined Ursa Major [“bear greater”; Latin ursa major]; Hawaiian Nāhīku, nā hīku, “the seven”).

We encounter as third star-line star Hokulea (Arcturus, Greek Ἀρκτοῦρος, from ἄρκτος οὖρος, “bear guard”; Hawaiian Hōkūle’a, from hōkū le’a, “star clear/glad”) in the constellation Hokuiwa.

The constellation Hokuiwa (Boötes, Greek Βοώτης, “cow-herd”; Latin Boōtēs; Hawaiian Hōkū’iwa, from hōkū ’iwa, “star frigate-bird [Fregata minor]”) figures center-skyward, halfway between north-south, halfway east-west horizon.

The fourth star-line star gleams, glimmers, glitters, glows as Hikianalia (Spica, Latin spīca, “ear-of-grain/head/spike”; Hawaiian hiki, “star”), somewhat southward in sky-center constellation Virgo (Latin virgō, “maid/maiden/virgin”). The constellation Corvus (Latin corvus, |”crow, raven”) houses the fifth star-line star, Mee (Marquesan me’e, “admired/heroic/important/prominent, chant”), somewhat north-westward of Hema-ward asterism Hanaiakamalama (“the Southern Cross”). Hanaiakamalama (Hawaiian Hānaiakamalama, from hānai a ka malama, “cared-for by the moon”) is included, as Hema-ward itinerant and last, sixth, southernmost Kaiwikuamoo-Backbone star-line star, after Mee.

Bishop Museum June 2026 Sky Map jubilates Kaiwikuamoo-Backbone star-line stars even as other navigational-star families, albeit with members beyond visual horizons, journey judiciously over dark-sky Hawaii.

June sunsets kindle Hikina east horizon keepsaking the Navigator’s Summer Triangle of Deneb (Arabic ذَنَب دَجَاجَة, “tail[-]hen[‘s]”), Vega (Arabic وَاقِع, “falling”), Altair (Arabic نَسْر طَائِر, “eagle[-]flying”).

The Manaiakalani summer/fall star line links the afore-listed Pira’etea, Keoe, Humu (“white sea-swallow”; “sweet potato”; “sew”) on its navigational-star family star-line with Pimoe (Sagittarius) and Kamakaunuiamaui. Kalupeakawelo star-line partly manifests around 4:00 a.m. Hawaiian-Aleutian Standard (midnight Chamorro, 3:00 Samoa, 6:00 Alaska, 7:00 Pacific, 8:00 Mountain, 9:00 Central, 10:00 Eastern, 11:00 Atlantic) Time. Akau-north horizon nets Ka mōʻī (Cepheus, Greek Κηφεύς; Hawaiian ka mōʻī, “the king”), not Iwakealii (Cassiopeia[‘s Chair], Greek Κασσιόπη; Latin Cassiopēia; Hawaiian ‘Iwakeli’i, ‘iwa[-]ali’i, “frigate-bird[-Fregata minor-]chief”).

Bishop Museum June 2026 Sky Map observes three star lines, albeit more below- than above-horizon, organizing operating where Kaiwikuamoo Backbone occurs as navigational star-family star line.

Ho’olua northwest and Komohana west horizons present Nanamua (Castor, Greek κάστωρ, “beaver”; Hawaiian Nānāmua, “star[-]first/look[-]forward”) and Nanahope (Pollux, Greek Πολῠδεύκης, from πολύς[-]δεῦκος, “much[-]sweet”); Hawaiian Nānāhope, “star[-]last/look[-]behind”).

The navigational-star family star line Kekaomakalii (Hawaiian Ke Kā o Makaliʻi, “the Canoe-Bailer of Makali'i”) quarters Na mahoe (Hawaiian nā māhoe, “the twins [Castor and Pollux]”). Akau north and Ko’olau northeast with Ka Moi, Ho’olua northwest with Nanamua and Nanahope, Ko’olau northeast with Piraetea relay Kalupeakawelo, Kekaomakalii, Manaiakalani replacing star-line Kaiwikuamoo Backbone. June 2026 shelters the Kaiwikuamoo Backbone as month-long star line even as it supports the slow show of subsequent summer-fall and fall-winter navigational-star family star lines.

Bishop Museum June 2026 Sky Map tracks Kaiwikuamoo Backbone (Hawaiian ka iwi kua mo’o, “the bone back [of-the-]lizard”) star line and that navigational-star family's star-line teammates.

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication

This post is dedicated to the memory of our beloved blue-eyed brother, Charles, who guided the creation of the Met Opera and Astronomy posts on Earth and Space News. We memorialized our brother in "Our Beloved Blue-Eyed Brother, Charles, With Whom We Are Well Pleased," published on Earth and Space News on Thursday, Nov. 18, 2021, an anniversary of our beloved father's death.

Image credits:

In June 2026, the metaphorical, starry vertebrae of Hawaiian star line Ka Iwikuamo'o ("the bone-back lizard") stretch from Hōkū-pa'a (Polaris, the North Star) in Ursa Minor the Little Bear constellation at the northern ('Ākau) horizon to Hānaiakamalama (Crux the Southern Cross constellation) at the south-southwest (Hema-Kona) horizon.
Block print of "Kaiwikuamo'o (the Backbone)" numbers as one of four prints in the Polynesian Wayfarer Astronomy series by San Francisco-born, Brooklyn-based visual artist and reportage illustration specialist Jedidiah Dore. The prints were displayed at Art.Science.Gallery., Austin, Texas, during the art space and communication hub's COSMIC exhibit, Friday, Jan. 15, to Saturday, Feb. 20, 2016.:
Jedidiah Dore Art, via Facebook Feb. 6, 2016, @ https://www.facebook.com/jedidore/posts/807164719390210; Jedidiah Dore Art, via Facebook Feb. 6, 2016, @ https://www.facebook.com/jedidore/photos/pb.100063689647718.-2207520000/807164719390210/;
"Hawaiian Star Lines and Names for Stars: Iwikuamo‘o ("Backbone")," via Hokulea Hawaiian Voyaging Traditions @ https://archive.hokulea.com/ike/hookele/hawaiian_star_lines.html#iwikuamoo;
Art.Science.Gallery., via Facebook Feb. 20, 2016, @ https://www.facebook.com/ArtScienceGallery/videos/polynesian-wayfinder-astronomy-prints-by-jedidiah-dore-jedidore-in-our-cosmic-ex/1016581975031029/;
"Jedidiah Dore’s Manaiakalani (Maui's Fishhook) print from our #COSMIC exhibition for @printaustin. The Scorpius constellation shares many stars with the Manaiakalani family. Islander lattice charts and Wayfinder voyager are depicted.," Art.Science.Gallery. (artsciencegallery), All Rights Reserved, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/artsciencegallery/

Hawai'i's Sky Tonight June 2026: Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, via Facebook June 6, 2026, @ https://www.facebook.com/BishopMuseum/posts/1408374651322777;
Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, via Facebook June 6, 2026, @ https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=1408374651322777&set=a.543738167786434;
Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, via Facebook June 6, 2026, @ https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1408374651322777&set=pb.100064507671690.-2207520000

For further information:

"August 2024 Sky Watch." 'Imiloa > Education & Outreach > Sky Lines & Sky Watch.
Available @ https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ae7c948d274cb3827a2db21/t/66ce59f4fffb954216ae7066/1724799477531/August+2024+Sky+Watch.png

Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum @BishopMuseum. 31 May 2013. "Aloha Friday Fact! The term 'Lahaina Noon' is relatively new, actually invented in 1990 for a phenomenon long marked by cultures across the Pacific and the tropics more widely. . . ." Facebook.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/BishopMuseum/photos/a.167268692109/10151654494977110/

Campbell, Kimo. (Ed.). 1997. The Kumulipo: An Hawaiian Creation Myth. Second printing. Honolulu HI: Pueo Press. First Pueo Press edition. San Francisco CA: Pueo Press, 1978. First published by Boston MA: Lee and Shepard, 1897.
Available @ http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/GG/FACULTY/ROWLAND/GG104/Readings/Liliuokalani_1897.pdf

Fenske, Josie. 8 November 2023. “Gemini North Reveals the Formation of Dense Dwarf Galaxy ‘Fossils’.” NSF NOIRLab (U.S. National Science Foundation National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory > Public > News > Press Releases > 2021-2030 > 2023 > noirlab2330 – Science Release
Available @ https://noirlab.edu/public/news/noirlab2330/

"Hawaiian Lunar Month." Hokulea > 'Ike: Knowledge and Traditions > Wayfinding: Modern Methods and Techniques of Non-Instrument Navigation, Based on Pacific Traditions > Hawaiian Voyaging Traditions > Hawaiian Lunar Month.
Available @ https://archive.hokulea.com/ike/hookele/hawaiian_lunar_month.html

Joey; and Gerrit. "Average Weather For Hilo (By Month)." Love Big Island > Menu > Regions > Hilo > Highlights > Highlights For Hilo (City And Outdoors) > Guide to Hilo: Beaches, Favorites Activities, And Day Trips > Table of contents > Weather trends > Local Weather in Hilo > monthly average weather for Hilo. Updated 16 March 2021. Copyright 2011-2023.
Available @ https://www.lovebigisland.com/hilo/average-yearly-weather/

"July 2024 Sky Watch." 'Imiloa > Education & Outreach > Sky Lines & Sky Watch.
Available @ https://imiloahawaii.org/sky-charts

"June 2024 Sky Watch." 'Imiloa > Education & Outreach > Sky Lines & Sky Watch.
Available @ https://imiloahawaii.org/sky-charts

Kawaharada, Dennis. “Lunar Days.” Kapi’olani Community College > Asia-Pacific Digital Library > APDL > Traditions of O’ahu. Copyright Kapi’olani Community College 2001-2004. Last Modified Last Updated 27 February 2023.
Available @ https://guides.library.kapiolani.hawaii.edu/apdl/oahu/days#:~:text=Kukahi%20(first%20Ku)%3A%20moon,to%20the%20shore%20to%20fish.

Kawaharada, Dennis. “Traditions of O'ahu: Seasons & Months.” Kapi’olani Community College > Asia-Pacific Digital Library > APDL > Traditions of O’ahu. Copyright Kapi’olani Community College 2001-2004. Last Modified Last Updated 27 February 2023.
Available @ https://guides.library.kapiolani.hawaii.edu/apdl/oahu/months

"Lāhaina Noon." Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum > Astronomy Resources.
Available @ https://www.bishopmuseum.org/planetarium/astronomy-resources/lahaina-noon/

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 March 2026. "Bishop Museum March 2026 Sky Map Avows Bailer, Kite, Lizard Star Lines." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/03/bishop-museum-march-2026-sky-map-avows.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 June 2026. "Bishop Museum June 2026 Sky Map Admits Kaiwikuamoo Backbone Star Line." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/03/bishop-museum-march-2026-sky-map-avows.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 June 2026. "Bishop Museum June 2026 Sky Map Avows Galaxy, Moon, Planet, Star Light." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/06/bishop-museum-june-2026-sky-map-avows.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 June 2026. "Moon Phases Alight Hawaii Skies During Bishop Museum June 2026 Sky Map." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/06/moon-phases-alight-hawaii-skies-during_069286640.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 March 2026. "Bishop Museum March 2026 Sky Map Accepts Galaxy, Planet, Star Lights." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/03/bishop-museum-march-2026-sky-map.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 March 2026. "No Spring, Vernal Equinox Affects Bishop Museum March 2026 Sky Map." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/03/no-spring-vernal-equinox-affects-bishop.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 March 2026. "Bishop Museum March 2026 Sky Map Airs Sky Lights During Moon Phases." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/03/bishop-museum-march-2026-sky-map-airs.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 March 2026. "No Total Lunar Eclipse Affects Bishop Museum March 2026 Sky Map." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/03/no-total-lunar-eclipse-affects-bishop.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 February 2026. "Makalii Bailer Star Line Anchors Bishop Museum February 2026 Sky Map." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/02/makalii-bailer-star-line-anchors-bishop.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 February 2026. "Bishop Museum February 2026 Sky Map Admits Galaxy, Planet, Star Light." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/02/bishop-museum-february-2026-sky-map_01210794622.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 February 2026. "Alpha Centaurids Are Absent from Bishop Museum February 2026 Sky Map." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/02/alpha-centaurids-are-absent-from-bishop.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 February 2026. "Bishop Museum February 2026 Sky Map Airs Sky Lights During Moon Phases." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/02/bishop-museum-february-2026-sky-map.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 January 2026. "Bailer and Kite Star Lines Are on Bishop Museum January 2026 Sky Map." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/01/bailer-and-kite-star-lines-are-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 January 2026. "Galaxy, Planet, Stars Alighten Bishop Museum January 2026 Sky Map." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/01/galaxy-planet-stars-alighten-bishop.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 January 2026. Bishop Museum January 2026 Sky Map Absents Quadrantids Meteor Shower." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/01/bishop-museum-january-2026-sky-map_12.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 January 2026. "Bishop Museum January 2026 Sky Map Addresses Full Moon as Mahealani." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/01/bishop-museum-january-2026-sky-map.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 December 2026. "Kite Star Line Kalupeakawelo Alightens 'Imiloa December 2025 Sky Watch." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/12/kite-star-line-kalupeakawelo-alightens.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 December 2025. "December 2025 Bishop Sky Map, 'Imiloa Sky Chart Axe Meteor Moon Lights." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/12/december-2025-bishop-sky-map-imiloa-sky.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 December 2025. "'Imiloa December 2025 Sky Watch Airs Hibernal Northern Winter Solstice." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/12/imiloa-december-2025-sky-watch-airs.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 December 2025. "Geminid Meteor Showers Are Active Amid 'Imiloa December 2025 Sky Watch." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/12/geminid-meteor-showers-are-active-amid.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 December 2025. "Cloudy Skies Perhaps Affect Hawaii December 2025 Moon Phases Over Hilo." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/12/cloudy-skies-perhaps-affect-hawaii.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 November 2025. Kite Star Line Kalupeakawelo Alights 'Imiloa November 2025 Sky Watch." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/11/kite-star-line-kalupeakawelo-alights.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 November 2025. "November 2025 Bishop Sky Map, 'Imiloa Sky Chart Axe Meteors, Moonlight." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/11/november-2025-bishop-sky-map-imiloa-sky.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 November 2025. "Maunakea Observatories Add 3I/ATLAS to 'Imiloa December 2025 Sky Watch." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/11/maunakea-observatories-add-3iatlas-to.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 November 2025. "Cloudy, Rainy Skies Over Hawaii November 2025 Moon Phases Affect Hilo." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/11/cloudy-rainy-skies-over-hawaii-november.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 October 2025. "'Imiloa October 2025 Sky Watch Addresses Fishline and Kite Star Lines." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/10/imiloa-october-2025-sky-watch-addresses.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 October 2025. "Skies Alighten 'Imiloa October 2025 Sky Watch, Bishop Museum Sky Map." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/10/skies-alighten-imiloa-october-2025-sky.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 October 2025. "Maunakea Observatory Avails Supermassive Black Hole in Messier 87." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/10/maunakea-observatory-avails.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 October 2025. "Cloudy Skies Over Hawaii October 2025 Affect Moon Phases Over Hilo." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/10/cloudy-skies-over-hawaii-october-2025.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 September 2025. "'Imiloa September 2025 Sky Watch Admits Backbone, Fishline, Kite Stars." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/09/imiloa-september-2025-sky-watch-admits_01712950595.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 September 2025. "Sky Lights Awe 'Imiloa September 2025 Sky Watch, Bishop Museum Sky Map." Earth and Space News. Monday. Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/09/sky-lights-awe-imiloa-september-2025.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 September 2025. "'Imiloa September 2025 Sky Watch Admits the Fall Equinox Next Monday." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/09/imiloa-september-2025-sky-watch-admits.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 September 2025. "Maunakea Observatory Three-Dimensionally Avails Us the Ring Nebula." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/09/maunakea-observatory-three.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 September 2025. "Cloudy Skies Affect Hawaii September 2025 Moon Phases Over Hilo." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/09/cloudy-skies-affect-hawaii-september.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 August 2025. "Backbone, Fishline, Kite Star Lines Awe August 2025 Sky Map, Sky Watch." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/08/backbone-fishline-kite-star-lines-awe.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 August 2025. "Galaxy, Moon, Stars Alighten August 2025 Sky Map, Sky Watch Star Lines." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/08/galaxy-moon-stars-alighten-august-2025.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 August 2025. "As Sednoid Four, Ammonite Acts Away From 'Imiloa August 2025 Sky Watch." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/08/as-sednoid-four-ammonite-acts-away-from.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 August 2025. "Cloudy Skies Over Hawaii August 2025 Moon Phases Affect Cloudy Hilo." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/08/cloudy-skies-over-hawaii-august-2025.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 July 2025. "'Imiloa July 2025 Sky Watch Accesses Backbone and Fishhook Star Lines." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/07/imiloa-july-2025-sky-watch-accesses.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 July 2025. "Galaxy, Meteor, Moon, Planets, Stars Awe 'Imiloa July 2025 Sky Watch." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/07/galaxy-meteor-moon-planets-stars-awe.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 July 2025. "Lahaina Noon Dates, Places and Times Apply to Hawaii Skies July 2025." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/07/galaxy-meteor-moon-planets-stars-awe.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 July 2025. "Moon Phases July 2025 Alighten Hawaii Skies of Hilo Less Than Honolulu." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/07/moon-phases-july-2025-alighten-hawaii.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 June 2025. "‘Imiloa June 2025 Sky Watch Accesses Kaiwikuamoo Backbone Star Line." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/06/imiloa-june-2025-sky-watch-accesses.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 June 2025. "'Imiloa June 2025 Sky Watch Admits Galaxy, Moon, Planet and Star Light." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/06/imiloa-june-2025-sky-watch-admits.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 June 2025. "Keck Observatory Keck Planet Finder Avails HD 219134 Asteroseismology." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/06/keck-observatory-keck-planet-finder.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 June 2025. "Summer Solstice Alights Later Hawaii Skies June 2025 at Hilo, Honolulu." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/06/summer-solstice-alights-later-hawaii.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 June 2025. "Moon Phases Alighten Hawaii Skies of Honolulu More Than Hilo June 2025." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/06/moon-phases-alighten-hawaii-skies-of.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 May 2025. "‘Imiloa May 2025 Sky Watch Accesses Backbone and Bailer Star Lines." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/05/imiloa-may-2025-sky-watch-accesses.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 May 2025. "'Imiloa May 2025 Sky Watch Adds Lights About Eta Aquariids, Star Lines." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/05/imiloa-may-2025-sky-watch-adds-lights.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 May 2025. "‘Imiloa May 2025 Sky Watch Avails Us Lahaina Noon Dates, Places, Times." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/05/fifteen-sunny-days-over-honolulu-awe.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 May 2025. "Fifteen Sunny Days Over Honolulu Awe Moon Phases Over Hawaii May 2025." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/05/fifteen-sunny-days-over-honolulu-awe.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 April 2025. "All the Makalii Bailer Star Line Assists ‘Imiloa April 2025 Sky Watch." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/04/all-makalii-bailer-star-line-assists.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 April 2025. "Galaxy, Moon, Planet and Star Light Aces ‘Imiloa April 2025 Sky Watch." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/04/galaxy-moon-planet-and-star-light-aces.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 April 2025. "A Full Pink Moon, a Lyrid Meteor Shower Adorn Hawaii Skies April 2025." Earth and Space News. Monday. Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/04/a-full-pink-moon-lyrid-meteor-shower.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 April 2025. "Cloudless Skies Thrice Accompany Moon Phases Over Hawaii April 2025." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/04/cloudless-skies-thrice-accompany-moon.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 March 2025. "All the Makalii Bailer Star Line Aids ‘Imiloa March 2025 Sky Watch." Earth and Space News. Monday. Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/03/all-makalii-bailer-star-line-aids.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 March 2025. "Galaxy, Moon, Planet and Star Light Awes ‘Imiloa March 2025 Sky Watch." Earth and Space News. Monday. Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/03/galaxy-moon-planet-and-star-light-awes.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 March 2025. "Spring Equinox Adds Longest Day, Briefest Night Over Hawaii March 2025." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/03/spring-equinox-adds-longest-day.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 March 2025. "An All-Eclipsed Full Moon Affords No Moonlight Over Hawaii March 20255." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/03/an-all-eclipsed-full-moon-affords-no.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 March 2025. "Cloudy Skies All But Once Accompany Moon Phases Over Hawaii March 2025." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/03/cloudy-skies-all-but-once-accompany.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 February 2025. "Makalii Bailer More Than Kawelo's Kite Awes Hawaii Skies February 2025." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/02/makalii-bailer-more-than-kawelos-kite.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 February 2025. "Stars Amid and Around Star Lines Alighten Hilo, Hawaii February 2025." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/02/stars-amid-and-around-star-lines.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 February 2025. "Mars Aligns With Six Other Planets Above Hilo, Hawaii February 2025" Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/02/mars-aligns-with-six-other-planets.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 February 2025. "Moon Phases Alighten Moon-Risen Skies Above Hilo, Hawaii February 2025." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/02/moon-phases-alighten-moon-risen-skies.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 January 2025. "Star Lines Awe Galaxy-, Moon-, Planet-Lit Hawaiian Skies February 2025." Earth and Space News. Monday. Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/01/star-lines-awe-galaxy-moon-planet-lit_27.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 January 2025. "A Galaxy, a Moon, Planets, Stars Abide Above Hilo, Hawaii January 2025." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/01/a-galaxy-moon-planets-stars-abide-above.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 January 2025. "Moon Phases Alighten Moon-Risen Skies Over Hilo, Hawaii January 2025." Earth and Space News. Monday. Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/01/moon-phases-alighten-moon-risen-skies.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 December 2024. "‘Maunakea Astronomers Ally Disrupted and Ultra-Compact Dwarf Galaxies." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/12/maunakea-astronomers-ally-disrupted-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 December 2024. "‘Imiloa December 2024 Sky Watch Aced Hibernal Northern Winter Solstice." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/12/imiloa-december-2024-sky-watch-aced.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 December 2024. "Kawelo’s Kite Kalupeakawelo Alightens ‘Imiloa December 2024 Sky Watch." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/12/kawelos-kite-kalupeakawelo-alightens.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 December 2024. "‘Imiloa December 2024 Sky Watch Aces 3200 Phaethon Asteroidal Geminids." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/12/imiloa-december-2024-sky-watch-aces.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 December 2024. "‘Imiloa December 2024 Sky Watch Accommodates Four Moon Phases." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/12/imiloa-december-2024-sky-watch.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 November 2024. "‘Imiloa November 2024 Sky Watch Applauds Makalii and Makahiki Arriving." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/11/imiloa-november-2024-sky-watch-applauds.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 November 2024. "Leonid Meteor Shower Alights ‘Imiloa November 2024 Sky Watch." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/11/leonid-meteor-shower-alights-imiloa.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 November 2024. "Kawelo’s Kite Kalupeakawelo Amuses ‘Imiloa November 2024 Sky Watch." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/11/kawelos-kite-kalupeakawelo-amuses.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 November 2024. "Six Sunny Days Appear for ‘Imiloa November 2024 Sky Watch Moon Phases." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/11/six-sunny-days-appear-for-imiloa.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 October 2024. "Keck Observatory Avails ‘Imiloa October 2024 Sky Watch of Porphyrion." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/10/keck-observatory-avails-imiloa-october.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 October 2024. "Bailer, Fishline, Kite Star Lines Adorn ‘Imiloa October 2024 Sky Watch." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/10/death-at-sanatorium-acquaints-us-with_01214399686.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 October 2024. "‘Imiloa October 2024 Sky Watch Day Two Aced a Partial Solar Eclipse." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/10/imiloa-october-2024-sky-watch-day-two.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 October 2024. "‘Imiloa October 2024 Sky Watch Airs Four Moon Phases, No Ancient Trio." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/10/imiloa-october-2024-sky-watch-airs-four.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 September 2024. "‘Imiloa September 2024 Sky Watch Admires Planet Saturn Dusk to Dawn." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/09/imiloa-september-2024-sky-watch-admires.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 September 2024. "‘Imiloa September 2024 Sky Watch Admitted the Autumnal Equinox Sunday." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/09/imiloa-september-2024-sky-watch-aces.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 September 2024. "Imiloa September 2024 Sky Watch Aces Full-Moon Penumbral Lunar Eclipse." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/09/imiloa-september-2024-sky-watch-aces.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 September 2024. "‘Imiloa September 2024 Sky Watch Airs Backbone, Fishline, Kawelo Kite Star Lines." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/09/imiloa-september-2024-sky-watch-airs.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 September 2024. "‘Imiloa September 2024 Sky Watch Appears Most Active Under Full Moons." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/09/imiloa-september-2024-sky-watch-appears.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 August 2024. "Backbone and Chief's Fishline Awe 'Imiloa August 2024 Sky Watch." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/08/backbone-and-chiefs-fishline-awe-imiloa.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 August 2024. "Mars and Jupiter Conjunction Alights ‘Imiloa August 2024 Sky Watch." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/08/mars-and-jupiter-conjunction-alights.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 August 2024. "Perseids Meteor Shower Maximally Alights ‘Imiloa August 2024 Sky Watch." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/08/perseids-meteor-shower-maximally.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 August 2024. "‘Imiloa August 2024 Sky Watch Accepts Two Last-Quarter Moon Phases." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/08/imiloa-august-2024-sky-watch-accepts.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 July 2024. "Moons, Planets, Stars Are at ‘Imiloa July 2024 Sky Watch Early Morning." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/07/moons-planets-stars-are-at-imiloa-july.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 July 2024. "The Backbone and The Chief’s Fishline Awe ‘Imiloa July 2024 Sky Watch." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/07/the-backbone-and-chiefs-fishline-awe.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 July 2024. "‘Imiloa July 2024 Sky Watch Assigns Lahaina Noon Dates, Places, Times." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/07/imiloa-july-2024-sky-watch-assigns.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 July 2024. "‘Imiloa July 2024 Sky Watch Accepts Two First-Quarter Moon Phases." Earth and Space News. Monday. Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/07/imiloa-july-2024-sky-watch-accepts-two.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 July 2024. "‘Imiloa July 2024 Sky Watch Adds One More To Ancient Moon Phases." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/07/imiloa-july-2024-sky-watch-adds-one.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 June 2024. "'Imiloa June 2024 Sky Watch Morning Planets, Star Cluster, Star Lines." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/06/imiloa-june-2024-sky-watch-morning.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 June 2024. "‘Imiloa June 2024 Sky Watch Moon Phases Admit Summer Solstice June 20." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/06/imiloa-june-2024-sky-watch-moon-phases.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 June 2024. "‘Imiloa June 2024 Sky Watch Addresses Backbone Star Line Kaiwikuamo’o." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/06/imiloa-june-2024-sky-watch-addresses.html

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Thursday, June 25, 2026

Crowberries Assure Naja Lund Aparico of Appetizing Seasons by the Lake

Summary: Crowberries assure author Naja Lund Aparico and illustrator Alex Nees of appetizing Seasons by the Lake: Adventures in Greenland, Dial Books 17 March 2026.

Crowberries assure author Naja Lund Aparico and illustrator Alex Nees of appetizing Seasons by the Lake: Adventures in Greenland, Dial Books for Young Readers, Penguin Random House imprint, Tuesday, March 17, 2026.

Greenland crowberries beautify the back side of the attributions page and the fourth page of the summer-months section even as perhaps they bide as useful houseplants. The afore-considered flowering, fruiting plant, commonly called black-crowberry, crowberry, mossberry, rockberry, counts on a soil pH in the 2.5 very-acidic to the 8.0 neutral-alkaline transition ranges. The Northern Hemisphere eastwardly, westwardly domiciles the afore-designated crowberries in alpine ("above-the-mountain-timberline"; Latin alpīnus), desert, polar, taiga (coniferous-evergreen-subarctic-forest"; Russian тайга́) and tundra ("flat-treeless-arctic"; Russian ту́ндра) habitats.

The creeping, evergreen, low-, slow-growing shrub insularly, mainlandly embellishes Anatolian Turkiye, Canada, Europe, Greenland, Russia even as the United States' Alaska, Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin enjoy them.

The United States' New-England Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont feature them even as the European-Asian Caucasus ("elevated-height"?; Greek Καύκασος ) Mountains figure them.

Greenland crowberries grow at the annual rate of 3 to 6 inches (1 to 15 centimeters) even as they guard clonal, thick mats against competing plants. Such heavy mats hone the plant colors of young red, mature brown stems even as they house black, black-purple, black-red berries and green-pink or purple-red flowers. Their allelopathy ("mutual-antipathy"; Greek ᾰ̓λλήλων πᾰ́θος) inhibits other plants from invading where they itinerate even as such inhibitions never impede native bears, caribou, foxes, non-native rodents.

Edible-flowering, fruiting, leafing crowberries journey as outdoor, perhaps indoor plants in Seasons by the Lake: Adventures in Greenland by Naja Lund Aparico and illustrator Alex Nees.

Figure 17. Tvaersnit af et Raevlingeblad (Cross-section of a crowberry leaf), drawn by Swedish botanist and botanical artist Carl Axel Magnus Lindman (April 6, 1856-June 21, 1928) and described by by Danish botanist A. (August) Mentz (Dec. 5, 1867-Nov. 5, 1944) and Danish systematic botanist Carl Emil Hansen Ostenfeld (born Carl Emil Ostenfeld-Hansen; Aug. 3, 1873-Jan. 16, 1931), in Billeder af Nordens Flora, III (1917-1923), page 197.
Fig. 17. Cross-section of a crowberry leaf: Numerous hairs (bottom) at entrance of large cavity. Vertically striped section is tissue specially adapted for carbon dioxide assimilation (palisade tissue). K designates gland hair. Sp marks stomata.
"Fig. 17. Tvaersnit af et Raevlingeblad: Man ser det store Hulrum, hvortil Indgangen spaerres af talrige Haar; i Hulrummets Vaegge sidder Spalteaabninger og stilkede Kirtler. Det lodret stribede Parti er det saerlig til Kulsyreassimilation uddannede Vaev (Palissadevaev); neden-under ligger et lesere Vaev (Svampevaev), og midt deri antydes Bladets Midt-nerve. K, Kirtelhaar. Sp, Spalteaabninger. (Staerkt forstørret; original).":
New York Botanical Garden, LuEsther T. Mertz Library, Not in copyright, via Biodiversity Heritage Library

Blue-green, lance-shaped, long, waxy leaves keep to alternate sides on red young, brown mature stem even as they know 1/8- to 1/4- (3- to 6-millimeter) lengths.

Crowberry flowers launch dioecious ("two-houses"; Greek δι- οἰκία) floral reproduction even as female reproductive organs locate on plants different from those that lodge male reproductive organs. Such flowers may manage cross-pollination through such generalist beneficials as pollinating beetles Coleoptera order ("sheath-wing"; Greek κολεός πτερόν) and flies Diptera order ("two-wings"; Greek δι- πτερόν). Some shrubs bisexually niche perfect, same-plant male and female reproductive-organed flowers even as first-summer birds niche second-summer 3- to 6-millimeter (0.11811024 to 0.23622047-inch) little-, no-scented flowers.

Crowberries offer Seasons by the Lake 3 stamens per pistil, 6 to 9 ovules per ovary, 7- to 8-seeded 1/8-inch (4-millimeter) by 1/4-inch (9-millimeter) bisexual-originating berries.

Naja Lund Aparico and Alex Nees present 9 Greenlanders partaking of fresh crowberries even as perhaps take-home crowberries prompt home-produced flavor-smoked fish, jams, jellies and juices.

Tracheophyte ("windpipe-artery-plant"; Greek τρᾱχεῖᾰ ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́ᾱ φυτόν) cladeship quickens plant-wide queuing nutrients, photosynthetics and water even as angiosperm ("container[ized]-seed"; Greek ἀγγεῖον σπέρμα) cladeship quests quickening fruit-quartering seeds. Eudicot ("true-two-seed-leaves"; Greek εὐ- δι- κοτυληδών) cladeship realizes germinated seeds with two embryonic leaves even as asterid ("star-resembling"; Latin astēr -idæ) cladeship refers to star-resembling flowers. Ericales ("heath-pertaining"; Latin Erica arborea -āles) ordership serves genus-specied Empetrum nigrum ("upon-rock black") floral symmetry, even as Ericaceae ("heath-resembling"; Latin Erica -āceae) suggests acidic, undernourished-soils tolerance.

Naja Lund Aparico and Alex Nees treat Seasons by the Lake to Greenland crowberries (Greek ἔμπετρον; Latin nigrum; Carl Linnaeus [May 23, 1707-Jan. 10, 1778], 1753).

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication

"Raevling, Empetrum nigrum," drawn by Swedish botanist and botanical artist Carl Axel Magnus Lindman (April 6, 1856-June 21, 1928), in Carl Axel Magnus Lindman, Billeder af Nordens Flora; Med Tekst af A. Mentz og C.H. Ostenfeld, I: Tavler, Nr. 1-268 (1901-1903), Plate 241.
description of Empetrum nigrum components:
(top, left) Fig. 1 Flowering bisexual plant from moist growing site.
(top, right) Fig. 2 Leaf, underside view; glandular hairs on edges (7/1).
(bottom left, center, right) Fig. 3-5 Male, bisexual, and female flower (6/1).
(middle, center) Fig. 6 Stamen (16/1).
(middle-bottom, right) Fig. 7 Branch with ripe fruits, from dry growing site.
["Fig. 1 Blomstrende tvekønnet Plante fra fugtig Vokseplads. Fig. 2 Blad, sét fra Undersiden; Kirtelhaar paa Randene (7/1). Fig. 3-5. Han-, tvekønnet og Hunblomst (6/1). Fig. 6. Støvvej (16/1). Fig. 7. Gren med modne Frugter, fra tør Vokseplads."], descrption by Danish botanist A. (August) Mentz (Dec. 5, 1867-Nov. 5, 1944) and C.H. Ostenfeld and Danish systematic botanist Carl Emil Hansen Ostenfeld (born Carl Emil Ostenfeld-Hansen; Aug. 3, 1873-Jan. 16, 1931), Billeder af Nordens Flora, III (1917-1923), page 198:
New York Botanical Garden, LuEsther T. Mertz Library, Not in copyright, via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10460241;
Biodiversity Heritage Library (BioDivLibrary), Public Domain, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/biodivlibrary/49157749086/;
New York Botanical Garden, LuEsther T. Mertz Library, Not in copyright, via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/billederafnorden01lind/page/483/mode/1up;
"241. Raevling, Empetrum nigrum L. N. Kraekling. Isl. Kraekilyng" (pages 197-198), Carl Axel Magnus Lindman, Billeder af Nordens Flora ved A. Mentz og C.H. Ostenfeld, Anden Forbedrede Udgave, III Tekst med 34 Figurer og Register (1917-1923): New York Botanical Garden, LuEsther T. Mertz Library, Not in copyright, via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10473891;
Projekt Runeberg > Bilder ur Nordens Flora, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:241_Empetrum_nigrum.jpg;
C.A.M. Lindman, "241. Kråkbär, Empetrum nigrum L.," Bilder ur Nordens Flora, via Projekt Runeberg (Project Runeberg) @ https://runeberg.org/nordflor/241.html;
via JSTOR @ https://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.person.bm000005045

The crowberry (Empetrum nigrum) is an evergreen, perennial subshrub with native habitats in "Subarctic to Subalpine Northern Hemisphere" and with primary distribution "in the temperate biome," according to Royal Botanic Gardens Kew / Plants of the World Online (https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30371508-2).
Swedish physician, biologist and formalizer of binomial nomenclature Carl von Linné (born Carl Linnaeus; May 23, 1707-Jan. 10, 1778) noted crowberries as inhabiting Europe's coldest mountains and marshes ("Habitat in Europae frigidissimae montosis paludosis.") in Species Plantarum, Tomus II (1753), page 1022.
berries and alternately arranged leaves of crowberries in Blefjell mountain range, Østlandet (Eastern Norway), image obtained Friday, Aug. 20, 2010, 08:21.: Arnstein Rønning (User:Eagelstein), CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Empetrum_nigrum_.JPG:
"Empetrum nigrum L.," Ericaceae > Empetrum, via Royal Botanic Gardens Kew / Plants of the World Online @ https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30371508-2;
Caroli Linnaei, "Triandria. Empetrum nigrum. 2. Empetrum procumbens.," Species Plantarum, Tomus II (1753), page 1022: Missouri Botanical Garden, Peter H. Raven Library, Public Domain, via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/359043

Empetrum nigrum seeds. "Steve Hurst. Provided by ARS Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory. Denmark Greenland.": Steve Hurst/USDA-NRCS (U.S. Department of Agriculture National Resources Conservation Service) PLANTS Database, "Images without a copyright may be used for any purpose," via USDA NRCS PLANTS Database @ https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/EMNI/images; specific image URL @ https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/ImageLibrary/standard/emni_004_shp.jpg;
Steve Hurst @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Empetrum_nigrum_seeds_emni_004_php.jpg

A portrait of Swedish physician, biologist and formalizer of binomial nomenclature Carl von Linné (born Carl Linnaeus; May 23, 1707-Jan. 10, 1778) drawn in 1750 by Swedish architect and graphic artist Jean (Johan) Eric Rehn (May 18, 1717-May 19, 1793) is held in the collection of Uppsala University (Uppsala Universiteit) Library, Uppsala County, southeastern coastal Sweden.
caption: (first line, right) "d'après nature par J. E. Rehn 1750."
(second line, center) "Carl Linné" [signature by Linnaeus].
"C. Linnaeus."
"The lithograph represents Linné in a long frock coat, a frock vest, knee breeches, and gaiters buttoned to the knees. He has on a wig, wears a sword, and seems to be meditating under the influence of the weed, which he is enjoying from a long-stemmed pipe," as described by Scottish paleobotanist William Carruthers (May 29, 1830-June 2, 1922) in "On the Original Portraits of Linnaeus," Proceedings of the Linnean Society, 118th Session From November 1905 to June 1906 (1906), page 63.
"Linnaeus in 1747, smoking a tobacco pipe to dull the pain of toothache," as described by Boston, Massachusetts-born, Albany, New York- and Cape Cod Massachusetts-based children's and nonfiction science writer Karen Magnuson Beil (born Feb. 15, 1950) in What Linnaeus Saw: A Scientist's Quest to Name Every Living Thing (2019), page 233.
Approximately three years after Rehn's portrait, Linnaeus published Species Plantarum (1753), which included his description of crowberries, "Triandria. nigrum. 2. Empetrum procumbens" (page 1022).:
Linnean collections at Uppsala University Library, Public Domain Mark (No Known Copyright), via Alvin Digitalt kulturarv portal @ https://www.alvin-portal.org/alvin/attachment/document/alvin-record:196217/ATTACHMENT-0004.pdf; URL also @ https://www.alvin-portal.org/alvin/imageViewer.jsf?dsId=ATTACHMENT-0001&pid=alvin-record:196217; URL also @ https://www.alvin-portal.org/alvin/view.jsf?pid=alvin-record%3A196217&dswid=-3222
"Triandra. nigrum. 2. Empetrum procumbens" (page 1022), Species Plantarum, Tomus II (1753): Missouri Botanical Garden, Peter H. Raven Library, Public Domain, via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/359043;
William Carruthers, "On the Original Portraits of Linnaeus," Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London, 118th Session From November 1905 to June 1906 (1906), pages 59-69, with eight pages of plates;
Helena Backman, "Well-known portrait of Carl Linnaeus back in Sweden," Uppsala University News, Nov. 29, 2018 (last updated 2026-05-05), via Uppsala University @ https://www.uu.se/en/news/2018/2018-11-19-well-known-portrait-of-carl-linnaeus-back-in-sweden

For further information:

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Bittel, Jason. 2023. "The Frozen Worlds." Illustrated by Claire McElfatrick. New York NY USA: DK Publishing.

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"Ord. III. ABD. G 37. Squalus. *29. MICROCEPHALUS. S. capite et pinnis parvis, dentibus parvis, compreſſis, acie lata, hamata, naribus terminalibus, pinna dorſali paulum poſt baſin pectoralium, meſsura poſt ventralium lineam perpendicularem poſita, omnibus remotiſſimis, ano pinnae caudali vicino, cauda brevi.
Habitat in mari glaciali.
Exemplum meum 13 pedes longum."
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Brydon, Alli. 2023. "Super Awesome Sharks." Pages 3-18. In: Alli Brydon, 4-Minute Shark Stories. Washington DC: National Geographic Kids, National Geographic Partners, LLC, 1145 17th St. NW, Nov. 7, 2023.

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Czerski, Helen. 2023. The Blue Machine: How the Ocean Works. New York NY: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. Originally published as The Blue Machine: How the Ocean Shapes Our World. Ealing, London, England, UK: Torva imprint, Transworld Publishers, 2023.

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Kuhnlein, Harriet V.; and Murray M. Humphries. 2017. "Sharks." In: Kuhnlein, H.V.; and M.M. Humphries. 2017. Traditional Animal Foods of Indigenous Peoples of Northern North America. Montreal, Quebec, Canada: Centre for Indigenous Peoples' Nutrition and Environment, McGill University. TraditionalAnimalFoods.org > Animals > Animal Groups > Fish > Saltwater Fish > Sharks > Ethnography.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 25 June 2026. "Crowberries Assure Naja Lund Aparico of Appetizing Seasons by the Lake." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/06/crowberries-assure-naja-lund-aparico-of.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 June 2026. "Dwarf Fireweed Assures Bright, Deep Pink and Green Seasons by the Lake." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 June 2026. "White Cottongrass Announces Seasons by the Lake by Naja Lund Aparico." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 June 2026. "Arctic Hares Abide All Seasons by the Lake by Naja Lund Aparico." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 May 2026. "Snow Buntings Aerialize, Aestheticize and Announce Seasons by the Lake." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/05/snow-buntings-aerialize-aestheticize.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 May 2026. "A Greenland Dog Assures Safe Seasons by the Lake by Naja Lund Aparico." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/05/a-greenland-dog-assures-safe-seasons-by.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 May 2026. "Arctic Fritillary Ages Seasons by the Lake by Naja Lund Aparico." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/05/arctic-fritillary-ages-seasons-by-lake.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 May 2026. "Where Are the Greenlanders in Seasons by the Lake by Naja Lund Aparico?" Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/05/where-are-greenlanders-in-seasons-by.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 April 2026. "What Languages Are in Seasons by the Lake by Naja Lund Aparico?" Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/04/what-languages-are-in-seasons-by-lake.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 April 2026. "What Foods Are in Seasons by the Lake by Naja Lund Aparico?." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/04/what-foods-are-in-seasons-by-lake-by.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 April 2026. "Daily Activities Allay Seasons by the Lake by Naja Lund Aparico." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/04/daily-activities-allay-seasons-by-lake.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 April 2026. "Green and White Colors Anchor Seasons by the Lake by Naja Lund Aparico." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/04/green-and-white-colors-anchor-seasons.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 April 2026. "Greenland Attire Appears in Seasons by the Lake by Naja Lund Aparico." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/04/greenland-attire-appears-in-seasons-by.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 March 2026. "Seasons by the Lake Acquaints Us With Greenland Houses, Inside and Out." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/03/seasons-by-lake-acquaints-us-with.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 March 2026. "Naja Lund Aparico Avails Seasons by the Lake Tuesday, March 17, 2026." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/03/naja-lund-aparico-avails-seasons-by.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 March 2026. "Greenland Twinflower as Linnaea Borealis Affirms What Linnaeus Saw." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/03/greenland-twinflower-as-linnaea.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 September 2025. "Arctic Thaw Ails All Greenland in Smithsonian Ocean by Deborah Cramer." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/09/arctic-thaw-ails-all-greenland-in_01338646045.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 September 2025. "Arctic Chill and Arctic Thaw Affix Greenland in The Winds of Change." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/09/arctic-chill-and-arctic-thaw-affix.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 September 2025. "Oils Are Why Greenland Sharks Are in Greenland by Jean F. Blashfield." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/09/oils-are-why-greenland-sharks-are-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 August 2025. "Arctic Thaw Awaits Greenland Sharks in Ocean by Miezan van Zyl." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/08/arctic-thaw-awaits-greenland-sharks-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 August 2025. "Greenland Sharks Not Polar Thaw Awe The Ocean by Miranda Krestovnikoff." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/08/greenland-sharks-not-polar-thaw-awe.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 August 2025. "The Illustrated Atlas of Wildlife Adds Arctic Thaw to Greenland Sharks." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/08/the-illustrated-atlas-of-wildlife-adds.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 August 2025. "Arctic Thaw Affects No Greenland Sharks in Everything About Sharks." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/08/arctic-thaw-affects-no-greenland-sharks.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 July 2025. "Greenland Sharks Age Despite or Due to Arctic Thaw in Mission: Arctic." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/07/greenland-sharks-age-despite-or-due-to.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 July 2025. "Arctic Thaw Aggresses Greenland Sharks in The Ultimate Book of Sharks." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/07/arctic-thaw-aggresses-greenland-sharks.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 July 2025. "People, Not Arctic Thaw, Aggress Greenland Sharks in 100 Facts/Sharks." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/07/people-not-arctic-thaw-aggress.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 July 2025. "Pores Aid Greenland Sharks During Climate Change in South with the Sun." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/07/pores-aid-greenland-sharks-during.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 July 2025. "Greenland Sharks Maybe Avoid Arctic Thaw as Greenland Ice Melt in Ice." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/07/greenland-sharks-maybe-avoid-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 June 2025. "The Secret History of Sharks Absents Arctic Thaw From Greenland Sharks." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/06/the-secret-history-of-sharks-absents.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 June 2025. "Arctic Thaw Aids No Overfished Greenland Sharks in Vanishing Treasures." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/06/arctic-thaw-aids-no-overfished.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 June 2025. "No Arctic Thaws Ax Greenland Sharks in Sharks and Other Dangerous Fish." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/06/no-arctic-thaws-ax-greenland-sharks-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 June 2025. "Arctic Thaw Alarms No Greenland Sharks in Fantastic Facts About Sharks." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/06/arctic-thaw-alarms-no-greenland-sharks.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 May 2025. "Arctic Thaw Ails No Overfished Greenland Sharks in How Old Is a Whale." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/05/arctic-thaw-ails-no-overfished.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 May 2025. "Men With Chains, Hooks, Pollution Ail Greenland Sharks in Shark Drunk." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/05/men-with-chains-hooks-pollution-ail.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 May 2025. "Overkilling Afflicts Greenland Sharks in Shark by Dr Miranda Macquitty." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/05/overkilling-afflicts-greenland-sharks.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 May 2025. "Overfishing Affects Greenland Sharks in Shark by Dr Miranda Macquitty." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/05/overfishing-affects-greenland-sharks-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 May 2025. "Greenland Sharks Are in Can't Get Enough Shark Stuff by Kelly Hargrave." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/05/greenland-sharks-are-in-cant-get-enough.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 April 2025. "Jonathan Sheikh-Miller, Monica Tamariz Avail Tiburones Greenland Shark." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/04/jonathan-sheikh-miller-monica-tamariz.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 April 2025. "George W Benz Authors Greenland Shark for Grzimek's Animal Life." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/04/george-w-benz-authors-greenland-shark.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 April 2025. "Super Shark by Derek Harvey Airs Greenland Sharks Without Arctic Thaw." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/04/super-shark-by-derek-harvey-airs_59.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 April 2025. "Greenland Sharks in The Shark Handbook by Dr Skomal Avoid Arctic Thaw." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/04/greenland-sharks-in-shark-handbook-by.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 March 2025. "The Encyclopedia of Sharks by Steve Parker Applauds Greenland Sharks." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/03/the-encyclopedia-of-sharks-by-steve.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 March 2025. "Jennifer V Schmidt Authors Greenland Shark for World Book Volume 8: G." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 13 March 2025. "Mary Pope Osborne Adds No Greenland Sharks to Narwhal on a Sunny Night." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/03/mary-pope-osborne-adds-no-greenland.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 March 2025. "Greenland Sharks Allure Julia and the Shark by Kiran Millwood Hargrave." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/03/greenland-sharks-allure-julia-and-shark.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 February 2025. "Angela's Glacier by Jordan Scott Amplifies Greenland Thaw in Underland." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/02/angelas-glacier-by-jordan-scott.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 February 2025. "Greenland Thaw and Nuclear Waste Appall Robert Macfarlane in Underland." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/02/greenland-thaw-and-nuclear-waste-appall.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 February 2025. "Greenland, World Waters and Their Water World Life Affect Each Other." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/02/greenland-world-waters-and-their-water.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 February 2025. "Arctic Thaw Affects Arctic Circle, Arctic Ocean Island Greenland." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/02/arctic-thaw-affects-arctic-circle.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 January 2025. "Michael J Trinklein Absents Arctic Thaw From Iceland in Lost States." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 23 January 2025. "Arctic Thaw Affects Greenland in Lost States by Michael J Trinklein." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 11 July 2014. "Greenland Sleeper Shark Natural History Illustrations and Photographs." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Murray, Lily. 2022. "Greenland Shark Life Span: Up to 400 Years." Pages 54-55. In: How Old Is a Whale? Animal Life Spans From the Mayfly to the Immortal Jellyfish. Illustrated by Jesse Hodgson. Somerville MA: Big Picture Press.

Nuttall, Mark. "Greenland. Pages 383-385. In: World Book Encyclopedia Volume 8 G. Chicago IL: World Book, Inc.

Osborne, Mary Pope. 2020. Narwhal on a Sunny Night. Magic Treehouse #33. Illustrated by AG Ford. New York NY: Stepping Stone Book, Random House Children's Books, divison of Penguin Random House LLC.

Parker, Steve. 2008. The Encyclopedia of Sharks. Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada: Firefly Books Ltd.; Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books (U.S.) Inc.

Prunetti, Luigi. 1996. Viking Explorers. Translated by Paul Clark. England: Macdonald Young Books Ltd., 1995. New York, NY: Peter Bedrick Books, 156 Fifth Ave.

Rayne, Elizabeth. 20 August 2025. "Sharks Are Older Than Trees, Which Seems Wrong." Popular Mechanics > News > Technology.
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Robson, Denny. 2001. Sharks and Other Dangerous Fish. Wild, Wild World. A Question and Answer book. Illustrated by James Field. Bath BA1 1HE, UK: Parragon Publishing.

Schmidt, Jennifer V. "Greenland Shark." Pages 385-386. In: World Book Encyclopedia Volume 8 G. Chicago IL: World Book, Inc.

Scott, Jordan. Angela's Glacier. Illustrated by Diana Sudyka. New York NY: Neil Porter Books, Holiday House, Jan. 2, 2024.

Skerry, Brian. With Elizabeth Carney and Sarah Wassner Flynn. The Ultimate Book of Sharks. Washington DC: National Geographic Kids, National Geographic Partners, LLC, 1145 17th St. NW, May 15, 2018.

Skomal, Dr. Greg. 2008. "Greenland shark." Pages 32, 51, 56, 62, 67, 70, 79, 82, 83, 186, 198-201, 202, 272. In: Dr. Greg Skomal, The Shark Handbook: The Essential Guide for Understanding the Sharks of the World. Kennebunkport Me: Cider Mill Press Book Publishers.

Tanaka, Shelley. 2006. Climate Change. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Groundwork Guides, Groundwood Books, House of Anansi Press, 110 Spadina Avenue, Suite 801. Distributed by Publishers Group West, 1700 Fourth Street, Berkeley CA.

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Van Brugen, Isabel; and John Feng. 15 May 2025. "Map Shows US Nuclear Base Hidden Under Greenland’s Ice Since Cold War.” Newsweek. Newsweek > World > Greenland.
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