Galaxy and Star Lights Alighten Bishop Museum August 2026 Sky Map

Summary: Milky Way galaxy, our moon, constellation stars alighten August 2026 Sky Map star lines from Bishop Museum.

"God talks to human beings through many vectors: through each other, through organized religion, through the great books of those religions, through wise people, through art and music and literature and poetry, but nowhere with such detail and grace and color and joy as through creation. When we destroy a species, when we destroy a special place, we're diminishing our capacity to sense the divine, understand who God is and what our own potential is." Robert Francis Kennedy Jr., April 19, 2023, Boston Park Plaza Hotel, Back Bay, Boston, Massachusetts.

“And there’s many people out there who want us to move to the next planet already and I’m like, hang on, let’s not give up on this planet yet," William, Prince of Wales, July 31, 2023, Sorted Food food truck, London, England, United Kingdom.

Traditional Hawaiian astronomy's star line Mānaiakalani the Chief's Fishline (IAU International Astronomical Union's Scorpius the Scorpion constellation) forms a star family with Pimoe the magical giant trevally (Caranx ignobilis; Hawaiian: ulua; Sagittarius the Archer constellation's Teapot asterism) and the Summer Triangle's Pira'etea (Cygnus the Swan constellation's Deneb; α Cygni, Latinised to Alpha Cygni and abbreviated α Cyg or Alpha Cyg), Keoe (Lyra the Lyre's Vega; α Lyrae, Latinised to Alpha Lyrae and abbreviated α Lyr or Alpha Lyr) and Humu (Aquila the Eagle's Altair; α Aquilae, Latinised to Alpha Aquilae and abbreviated α Aql or Alpha Aql). Hōkūnohoaupuni (Milky Way cloudy band) is the feature that contains this place (Hiʻona ʻāina nona kēia wahi), i.e., the Mānaiakalani Star Family, as explained in "Mānaiakalani" on the University of Hawai'i's Kahoʻiwai website (https://www.hawaii.edu/kawaihapai/manaiakalani/).
Graphic encases much of Milky Way band-dwelling Mānaiakalani Star Family within the outline of a great shark, labeled as 'Ai-Kanaka and swimming in the Milky Way Galaxy's hazily lit band. 'Ai-Kanaka denotes the Milky Way and also the great shark ancestor of the island of Maui's lineage ('ohana), as explained by Leilehua Yuen, Hawaiʻi Culture and Language Resident at Gemini / NOIRLab on Mauna Kea shield volcano, Hawai'i ("the Big Island"), in "Hawaiian Skies: Nana 2026," posted March 20, 2026, in the Stories section of the Maunakea Observatories website (https://www.maunakeaobservatories.org/stories/hawaiian-skies-nana-2026).
Eastward (Hikina) facing Pimoe (lower right), labelled as Pimoi, takes shape near the great shark's right pectoral fin (lower right), east of Māui's hook, Mānai-a-ka-lani, in Leilehua Yuen, "An evening view of the skies over Hawaiʻi for Hinaiaʻeleʻele 2026 (14 July–12 August)," NOIRLab Release Date Aug. 6, 2026, 2 p.m. "Skymap plotted using Stellarium. Art and text by Leilehua Yuen, Maunakea summit, 4207, 2026-7-14 20:00:00 UTC -10:00.":
NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/L. Yuen, CC BY 4.0 International, via NOIRLab

Milky Way galaxy and constellation stars alighten August 2026 Sky Map, Sky Watch star lines from Bishop Museum.

Our Milky Way (Hawaiian Ka I'a, from Hawaiian ka i'a, "the fish") bears bright galactic lights and, beneath Manaiakalani star line's Kamakaunuiamaui star hook, dark spaces. Twenty-three-evening, night, early-morning moon lights come from first-quarter, full-moon, last-quarter lunar phases respectively conveyed Monday-Saturday, Aug. 1-6, Saturday-Sunday, Aug. 30-31; Friday-Friday, Aug. 7-14; Saturday-Friday, Aug. 15-21. Mahina o hōkū/mahina piha/mahina poepoe (“moon of star”/”moon full”/”moon round”) displays brighter than mahina hapalua mua (“moon half[-]double first[-quarter]”) and mahina hapalua hope (“moon half[-]double last[-quarter]”).

The constellation Ursa Minor (Latin ursa minor, "bear lesser") edges northward of the constellation Draco (Latin dracō; Greek δράκων, "dragon/serpent"), northwestward of the constellation Kamoi (Cepheus).

In traditional Hawaiian astronomy, the great frigatebird (Fregata minor; Hawaiian: 'iwa), a Hawaiian large seabird in the frigatebird family Frigatidae, associates with two constellations, Hōkū-iwa (IAU International Astronomical Union's Boötes the Herdsman) and 'Iwakeli'i (Cassiopeia the Seated Queen).
Hōkū-ʻiwa ("Frigate Bird Star) places as the commonest name in Hawaiian for Boötes, as explained by Leilehua Yuen, Hilo-born artist, cultural historian, storyteller and Hawaiʻi Culture and Language Resident at Gemini / NOIRLab, in "Hawaiian Skies: Kaʻaona 2026 Kaʻaona 2026 (Iune 15-Iulai 13, 2026)," posted June 19, 2026, on Maunakea Observatories website (https://www.maunakeaobservatories.org/stories/hawaiian-skies-kaaona-2026).
'Iwa Keli'i ("Chief Frigate Bird") circumstances as "a new name for Cassiopeia," according to section "Star Line 4. Ka Lupe o Kawelo (The Kite of Kawelo)" on Hawaiian Voyaging Traditions' "Hawaiian Star Lines and Names for Stars" page (https://archive.hokulea.com/ike/hookele/hawaiian_star_lines.html#ka_lupe_o_kawelo). A flying great frigatebird's "long, bent wings" similarize Cassiopeia's distinctive M or W outline, as explained by Nancy Alima Ali, Hokulani Imaginarium manager, Kāneʻohe, Honolulu, windward northeastern O'ahu, Hawai'i, in "Constellation evokes queen and frigate bird," posted Wednesday, Oct. 14, 2009, Honolulu Star Bulletin (https://archives.starbulletin.com/content/Constellation_evokes_queen_and_frigate_bird).
"Hawaiian haven for seabirds: Redfooted boobies and great frigatebirds, Hawaiian Islands National Wildlife Refuge, Photo: Sarah Youngren, USFWS," image obtained Sunday, March 11, 2012; (front, left to right) White-headed juvenile, red-breated adult male and white-breasted adult female great frigatebirds, Hawaiian Islands National Wildlife Refuge, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands.:
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Headquarters (USFWS Headquarters), CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Flickr

Kamoi (Cepheus, Greek Κηφεύς; Hawaiian Kamōʻī, from ka mōʻī, “the king”) figures Akau Hawaiian 'ākau, "[west-ensconced sun] right[ward]") north of Cygnus (Latin cygnus, "swan"; Greek κύκνος).

Cassiopeia (Latin Cassiopēia; Greek Κασσιέπεια/Κασσιόπεια/Κασσιόπη; Hawaiian 'Iwakeli'i, from Hawaiian 'iwa ali'i, "great-frigatebird [Fregata minor] chief") guards the Koolau (Hawaiian ko'olau, "windward") northeast, north of Pegasus' Square. Koolau northeast and Hikina east house Pegasus (Latin Pēgasus; Greek Πήγασος, πηγή, "spring-fed fountain"; Hawaiian Kalupeakawelo, ka lupe a ka welo, "the kite of the family-trait"). The constellation Aquarius (Latin Aquārius, from Latin aqua -ārius, "water-carrier") inhabits the Hikina east, southeast of the constellation Aquila (Latin aquila, "eagle") northeast of Malanai-inhabiting Capricorn.

August 2026 Sky Map, Sky Watch star lines journey amid galaxy, moon, stars such as Malanai ("gentle-breeze") southeast constellation Capricorn (Capricornus, Latin caper cornu, "goat horn").

Traditional Hawaiian astronomy's summer-autumn star line Mānaiakalani the Chief's Fishline (IAU International Astronomical Union's Scorpius the Scorpion constellation) pictorializes the eighth of nine feats accomplished by demigod Māui, according to Kumulipo, a koʻihonua, a genealogy chant, for the ʻohana (family) of King Kalākaua (Nov. 16, 1836-Jan. 20, 1891) and his sister Queen Liliʻuokalani (Sep. 2, 1838-Nov. 11, 1917), as explained by Leilehua Yuen, Hawaiʻi Culture and Language Resident at Gemini / NOIRLab on Mauna Kea shield volcano, Hawai'i ("the Big Island"), in "Hawaiian Skies: Hinaiaʻeleʻele 2026 Hawaiian Skies Hinaiaʻeleʻele 2026 (ʻIulai 14-ʻAukake 12, 2026)," posted July 17, 2026, in the Stories section of the Maunakea Observatories website (https://www.maunakeaobservatories.org/stories/hawaiian-skies-hinaiaeleele-2026).
Māui's hook (Scorpius the Scorpion's curved tail) poises (lower right, above Milky Way-swimming great shark's right pectoral fin) for catching demigod Pimoe, shapeshifted as a giant trevally (lower right, east [Hikina] of great shark's right pectoral fin).:
Maunakea Observatories, via Facebook July 2, 2026

The constellation Sagittarius (Latin Sagittārius, from Latin sagittal -ārius, "arrow concerning/having") keeps to the Hema (Hawaiian hema, "[west-ensconced sun] left[-ward]") south, southwest of the constellation Capricorn.

The constellation Scorpius (Scorpius, Greek σκορπίος, "scorpion"; Hawaiian Kamakaunuiamāui, from ka makau nui a māui, "the fishhook big of Maui") lies Kona ("leeward") southwest of Sagittarius. It moves south of the constellation Ophiuchus (Latin Ophiūchus, from Greek ὀφιοῦχος, "serpent-handler") and southeast of the constellation Libra (Latin lībra, "[327-gram 11.5345855575-ounce Roman pound] balance/scales"). The constellation Virgo (Latin virgō, "maid/maiden/virgin") nestles toward the Komohana (Hawaiian komo, "[where] west[erly sun] enters [sea]") west, northwest of the constellations Libra, Ophiuchus and Scorpius.

Bishop Museum August 2026 Sky Map star lines observe our galaxy and our dark-sky stars overcome evening, night, early-morning darkness with galactic, lunar, stellar lighting.

The Summer Triangle, also known as the Navigator's Triangle, forms with the brightest stars of three constellations. Cygnus the Swan contributes Pira'etea (Deneb; α Cygni, Latinised to Alpha Cygni and abbreviated α Cyg or Alpha Cyg). Lyra the Lyre shares Keoe (Vega; α Lyrae, Latinised to Alpha Lyrae and abbreviated α Lyr or Alpha Lyr). Aquila the Eagle provides Humu (Altair; α Aquilae, Latinised to Alpha Aquilae and abbreviated α Aql or Alpha Aql).
The triangle participates in the star family headed by traditional Hawaiian astronomy's star line Mānaiakalani the Chief's Fishline (IAU International Astronomical Union's Scorpius the Scorpion constellation) by representing the coil of fishing line tied to the fishhook (Scorpius the Scorpion constellation's curved tail).:
Our Ka'ako, via Facebook Sep. 23, 2022

Sky-Map nightlights patronize 8:00-10:00 p.m. Hawaii-Aleutian (4:00-6:00 Chamorro, 7:00-9:00 Samoa, 10:00-midnight Alaska, 11:00-1:00 Pacific, midnight-2:00 Mountain, 1:00-3:00 Central, 2:00-4:00 Eastern, 3:00-5:00 Atlantic, 6:00-8:00 Greenwich-Mean) Times.

The constellation Boötes (Latin Boōtēs, Greek Βοώτης, "ox-driver"; Hawaiian Hōkū'iwa, from hōkū 'iwa, "star frigate-bird [Fregata minor]") queues west of the constellations Corona Borealis, Hercules, Lyra. Boötes remains south of Hoolua (Hawaiian ho'olua, "[rain-bearing strong] north wind") northwest-residing Big Dipper, north of Corona Borealis (Latin corōna boreālis; Greek κορώνη Βορέᾱς, "crown northern"). Corona Borealis stays west of Hercules (Greek ἥρᾱ κλῆς, “hera glory [ἥρως ὥρᾱ, “hero hour/season/year/youth”?]” via ἡρακλῆς; Etruscan Hercle; Latin Herculēs) and Lyra (Greek λύρα, "lyre").

August 2026 teams our galaxy and our constellation stars and Sky Map star lines that transmit one galactic, one lunar, many stellar nightlights.

The Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum's J. (Jhamandas) Watumull Planetarium's Hawai'i's Sky Tonight for August 2026 presents the month's night sky as viewed at 10 p.m. early in the month, 9 p.m. mid-month and 8 p.m. late in the month.
Piscinely shapeshifted demigod Pimoe and Mānaiakalani the Chief's Fishline, also known as Kamakaunuiamāui (kamaka, "fishhook"; unui, "great"; amāui, "of, belonging to, Māui"), visibilize above the south (Hema)-southeast (Malanai) and south (Hema)-southwest (Kona) horizons, respectively, at the bottom of Bishop Museum's August 2026 Star Map. The Summer Triangle, which comprises the Mānaiakalani Star Family's third group, centers easterly, to the northeast of the star family's other two components.:
Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, via Facebook Aug. 1, 2026

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication

This post is dedicated to the memory of our beloved blue-eyed brother, Charles, who guided the creation of the Met Opera and Astronomy posts on Earth and Space News. We memorialized our brother in "Our Beloved Blue-Eyed Brother, Charles, With Whom We Are Well Pleased," published on Earth and Space News on Thursday, Nov. 18, 2021, an anniversary of our beloved father's death.

Image credits:

Traditional Hawaiian astronomy's star line Mānaiakalani the Chief's Fishline (IAU International Astronomical Union's Scorpius the Scorpion constellation) forms a star family with Pimoe the magical giant trevally (Caranx ignobilis; Hawaiian: ulua; Sagittarius the Archer constellation's Teapot asterism) and the Summer Triangle's Pira'etea (Cygnus the Swan constellation's Deneb), Keoe (Lyra the Lyre's Vega; α Lyrae, Latinised to Alpha Lyrae and abbreviated α Lyr or Alpha Lyr) and Humu (Aquila the Eagle's Altair; α Aquilae, Latinised to Alpha Aquilae and abbreviated α Aql or Alpha Aql). Hōkūnohoaupuni (Milky Way cloudy band) is the feature that contains this place (Hiʻona ʻāina nona kēia wahi), i.e., the Mānaiakalani Star Family, as explained in "Mānaiakalani" on the University of Hawai'i's Kahoʻiwai website (https://www.hawaii.edu/kawaihapai/manaiakalani/).
Graphic encases much of Milky Way band-dwelling Mānaiakalani Star Family within the outline of a great shark, labeled as 'Ai-Kanaka and swimming in the Milky Way Galaxy's hazily lit band. 'Ai-Kanaka denotes the Milky Way and also the great shark ancestor of the island of Maui's lineage ('ohana), as explained by Leilehua Yuen, Hawaiʻi Culture and Language Resident at Gemini / NOIRLab on Mauna Kea shield volcano, Hawai'i ("the Big Island"), in "Hawaiian Skies: Nana 2026," posted March 20, 2026, in the Stories section of the Maunakea Observatories website (https://www.maunakeaobservatories.org/stories/hawaiian-skies-nana-2026).
Eastward (Hikina) facing Pimoe (lower right), labelled as Pimoi, takes shape near the great shark's right pectoral fin (lower right), east of Māui's hook, Mānai-a-ka-lani, in Leilehua Yuen, "An evening view of the skies over Hawaiʻi for Hinaiaʻeleʻele 2026 (14 July–12 August)," NOIRLab Release Date Aug. 6, 2026, 2 p.m. "Skymap plotted using Stellarium. Art and text by Leilehua Yuen, CC BY 4.0 International, via NOIRLab @ https://noirlab.edu/public/images/annee26056a/;
Leilehua Yuen, "Hawaiian Skies: Hinaiaʻeleʻele 2026 Hawaiian Skies Hinaiaʻeleʻele 2026 (ʻIulai 14-ʻAukake 12, 2026)," Maunakea Observatories > Stories, July 17, 2026, via Maunakea Observatories @ https://www.maunakeaobservatories.org/stories/hawaiian-skies-hinaiaeleele-2026;
Maunakea Observatories, via Facebook July 20, 2026, @ https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1494521386041074&set=pb.100064496809946.-2207520000;
"Mānaiakalani," University of Hawai'i's Kahoʻiwai website (https://www.hawaii.edu/kawaihapai/manaiakalani/);
Leilehua Yuen, "Nana, 19 Malaki-17 'Apelila 2026, 20 Malaki 5 am," Hawaiian Skies: Nana 2026 (Malakai 19-ʻApelila 17, 2026), March 20, 2026, via Maunakea Observatories @ https://www.maunakeaobservatories.org/stories/hawaiian-skies-nana-2026;
Maunakea Observatories, via Facebook Aug. 14, 2026, @ https://www.facebook.com/maunakeaobs/posts/pfbid0264wN5Fi82BNtkq464kpbk3UXsaDyok5gXYTvgAdLKxnNq5b9sz44Msj6RYzU4DVpl;
Maunakea Observatories, via Facebook Aug. 14, 2026, @ https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1517759790383900&set=pb.100064496809946.-2207520000;
Leilehua Yuen, "Hilinaehu, 13 'Aukake 8 p.m.," "Hawaiian Skies: Hilinaʻehu 2026 (ʻAukake 13-Kepakemapa 11, 2026)," Maunakea Observatories > Stories, Aug. 14, 2026, via Maunakea Observatories @ https://www.maunakeaobservatories.org/stories/hawaiian-skies-hilinaehu-2026;
Leilehua Yuen, "Hilinaehu, 14 'Aukake 5 a.m.," "Hawaiian Skies: Hilinaʻehu 2026 (ʻAukake 13-Kepakemapa 11, 2026)," Maunakea Observatories > Stories, Aug. 14, 2026, via Maunakea Observatories @ https://www.maunakeaobservatories.org/stories/hawaiian-skies-hilinaehu-2026;
Maunakea Observatories, via Facebook Aug. 14, 2024, @ https://www.facebook.com/maunakeaobs/posts/pfbid0262RskUU7PQwUxyZUpbvJnJcd9o5eEy6Y6XNGt8xcSft8RkjxWmXdFjr4NKwPUWE2l;
Maunakea Observatories, via Facebook Aug. 14, 2024, @ https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1517759790383900&set=pb.100064496809946.-2207520000

In traditional Hawaiian astronomy, the great frigatebird (Fregata minor; Hawaiian: 'iwa), a Hawaiian large seabird in the frigatebird family Frigatidae, associates with two constellations, Hōkū-iwa (IAU International Astronomical Union's Boötes the Herdsman) and 'Iwakeli'i (Cassiopeia the Seated Queen).
Hōkū-ʻiwa ("Frigate Bird Star) places as the commonest name in Hawaiian for Boötes, as explained by Leilehua Yuen, Hilo-born artist, cultural historian, storyteller and Hawaiʻi Culture and Language Resident at Gemini / NOIRLab, in "Hawaiian Skies: Kaʻaona 2026 Kaʻaona 2026 (Iune 15-Iulai 13, 2026)," posted June 19, 2026, on Maunakea Observatories website (https://www.maunakeaobservatories.org/stories/hawaiian-skies-kaaona-2026).
'Iwa Keli'i ("Chief Frigate Bird") circumstances as "a new name for Cassiopeia," according to section "Star Line 4. Ka Lupe o Kawelo (The Kite of Kawelo)" on Hawaiian Voyaging Traditions' "Hawaiian Star Lines and Names for Stars" page (https://archive.hokulea.com/ike/hookele/hawaiian_star_lines.html#ka_lupe_o_kawelo). A flying great frigatebird's "long, bent wings" similarize Cassiopeia's distinctive M or W outline, as explained by Nancy Alima Ali, Hokulani Imaginarium manager, Kāneʻohe, Honolulu, windward northeastern O'ahu, Hawai'i, in "Constellation evokes queen and frigate bird," posted Wednesday, Oct. 14, 2009, Honolulu Star Bulletin (https://archives.starbulletin.com/content/Constellation_evokes_queen_and_frigate_bird).
"Hawaiian haven for seabirds: Redfooted boobies and great frigatebirds, Hawaiian Islands National Wildlife Refuge, Photo: Sarah Youngren, USFWS," image obtained Sunday, March 11, 2012; (front, left to right) White-headed juvenile, red-breated adult male and white-breasted adult female great frigatebirds, Hawaiian Islands National Wildlife Refuge, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands.:
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Headquarters (USFWS Headquarters), CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/usfwshq/;
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Headquarters, Public Domain, CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hawaiian_haven_for_seabirds_(6972322187).jpg

Traditional Hawaiian astronomy's summer-autumn star line Mānaiakalani the Chief's Fishline (IAU International Astronomical Union's Scorpius the Scorpion constellation) pictorializes the eighth of nine feats accomplished by demigod Māui, according to Kumulipo, a koʻihonua, a genealogy chant, for the ʻohana (family) of King Kalākaua (Nov. 16, 1836-Jan. 20, 1891) and his sister Queen Liliʻuokalani (Sep. 2, 1838-Nov. 11, 1917), as explained by Leilehua Yuen, Hawaiʻi Culture and Language Resident at Gemini / NOIRLab on Mauna Kea shield volcano, Hawai'i ("the Big Island"), in "Hawaiian Skies: Hinaiaʻeleʻele 2026 Hawaiian Skies Hinaiaʻeleʻele 2026 (ʻIulai 14-ʻAukake 12, 2026)," posted July 17, 2026, in the Stories section of the Maunakea Observatories website (https://www.maunakeaobservatories.org/stories/hawaiian-skies-hinaiaeleele-2026).
Māui's hook (Scorpius the Scorpion's curved tail) poises (lower right, above Milky Way-swimming great shark's right pectoral fin) for catching demigod Pimoe, shapeshifted as a giant trevally (lower right, east [Hikina] of great shark's right pectoral fin).:
Maunakea Observatories, via Facebook July 2, 2026, @ https://www.facebook.com/maunakeaobs/posts/pfbid025dVVt2rdiCZszjLiRHsqcjJ4jinS7kXiCzEtta8gSJ6NSWweXLm4EmwR6PgEngyel;
Maunakea Observatories, via Facebook July 2, 2026, @ https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1494521386041074&set=pb.100064496809946.-2207520000;
Leilehua Yuen, "Hawaiian Skies: Hinaiaʻeleʻele 2026 Hawaiian Skies Hinaiaʻeleʻele 2026 (ʻIulai 14-ʻAukake 12, 2026)," Maunakea Observatories > Stories, July 17, 2026, via Maunakea Observatories @ https://www.maunakeaobservatories.org/stories/hawaiian-skies-hinaiaeleele-2026;
Leilehua Yuen, "Nana, 19 Malaki-17 'Apelila 2026, 20 Malaki 5 am," Hawaiian Skies: Nana 2026 (Malakai 19-ʻApelila 17, 2026), March 20, 2026, via Maunakea Observatories @ https://www.maunakeaobservatories.org/stories/hawaiian-skies-nana-2026

The Summer Triangle, also known as the Navigator's Triangle, forms with the brightest stars of three constellations. Cygnus the Swan contributes Pira'etea (Deneb; α Cygni, Latinised to Alpha Cygni and abbreviated α Cyg or Alpha Cyg). Lyra the Lyre shares Keoe (Vega; α Lyrae, Latinised to Alpha Lyrae and abbreviated α Lyr or Alpha Lyr). Aquila the Eagle provides Humu (Altair; α Aquilae, Latinised to Alpha Aquilae and abbreviated α Aql or Alpha Aql).
The triangle participates in the star family headed by traditional Hawaiian astronomy's star line Mānaiakalani the Chief's Fishline (IAU International Astronomical Union's Scorpius the Scorpion constellation) by representing the coil of fishing line tied to the fishhook (Scorpius the Scorpion constellation's curved tail).:
Our Ka'ako, via Facebook Sep. 23, 2022, @ https://www.facebook.com/ourkakaako/posts/three-stars-form-the-navigators-triangle-piraetea-deneb-keoe-vega-and-humu-altai/5540274539400104/;
Pōhaku Pelemaka, via Facebook July 10, 2026, @ https://www.facebook.com/pohakupelemakapage/posts/huinakolu-navigatorʻs-trianglethis-month-we-look-at-huinakolu-the-navigatorʻs-tr/1020936410696547/

The Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum's J. (Jhamandas) Watumull Planetarium's Hawai'i's Sky Tonight for August 2026 presents the month's night sky as viewed at 10 p.m. early in the month, 9 p.m. mid-month and 8 p.m. late in the month.
Piscinely shapeshifted demigod Pimoe and Mānaiakalani the Chief's Fishline, also known as Kamakaunuiamāui (kamaka, "fishhook"; unui, "great"; amāui, "of, belonging to, Māui"), visibilize above the south (Hema)-southeast (Malanai) and south (Hema)-southwest (Kona) horizons, respectively, at the bottom of Bishop Museum's August 2026 Star Map. The Summer Triangle, which comprises the Mānaiakalani Star Family's third group, centers easterly, to the northeast of the star family's other two components.:
Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, via Facebook Aug. 1, 2026, @ https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=1458366336323608&set=pb.100064507671690.-2207520000


For further information:

"August 2024 Sky Watch." 'Imiloa > Education & Outreach > Sky Lines & Sky Watch.
Available @ https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ae7c948d274cb3827a2db21/t/66ce59f4fffb954216ae7066/1724799477531/August+2024+Sky+Watch.png

Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum @BishopMuseum. 31 May 2013. "Aloha Friday Fact! The term 'Lahaina Noon' is relatively new, actually invented in 1990 for a phenomenon long marked by cultures across the Pacific and the tropics more widely. . . ." Facebook.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/BishopMuseum/photos/a.167268692109/10151654494977110/

Campbell, Kimo. (Ed.). 1997. The Kumulipo: An Hawaiian Creation Myth. Second printing. Honolulu HI: Pueo Press. First Pueo Press edition. San Francisco CA: Pueo Press, 1978. First published by Boston MA: Lee and Shepard, 1897.
Available @ http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/GG/FACULTY/ROWLAND/GG104/Readings/Liliuokalani_1897.pdf

Fenske, Josie. 8 November 2023. “Gemini North Reveals the Formation of Dense Dwarf Galaxy ‘Fossils’.” NSF NOIRLab (U.S. National Science Foundation National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory > Public > News > Press Releases > 2021-2030 > 2023 > noirlab2330 – Science Release
Available @ https://noirlab.edu/public/news/noirlab2330/

"Hawaiian Lunar Month." Hokulea > 'Ike: Knowledge and Traditions > Wayfinding: Modern Methods and Techniques of Non-Instrument Navigation, Based on Pacific Traditions > Hawaiian Voyaging Traditions > Hawaiian Lunar Month.
Available @ https://archive.hokulea.com/ike/hookele/hawaiian_lunar_month.html

Joey; and Gerrit. "Average Weather For Hilo (By Month)." Love Big Island > Menu > Regions > Hilo > Highlights > Highlights For Hilo (City And Outdoors) > Guide to Hilo: Beaches, Favorites Activities, And Day Trips > Table of contents > Weather trends > Local Weather in Hilo > monthly average weather for Hilo. Updated 16 March 2021. Copyright 2011-2023.
Available @ https://www.lovebigisland.com/hilo/average-yearly-weather/

"July 2024 Sky Watch." 'Imiloa > Education & Outreach > Sky Lines & Sky Watch.
Available @ https://imiloahawaii.org/sky-charts

"June 2024 Sky Watch." 'Imiloa > Education & Outreach > Sky Lines & Sky Watch.
Available @ https://imiloahawaii.org/sky-charts

Kawaharada, Dennis. “Lunar Days.” Kapi’olani Community College > Asia-Pacific Digital Library > APDL > Traditions of O’ahu. Copyright Kapi’olani Community College 2001-2004. Last Modified Last Updated 27 February 2023.
Available @ https://guides.library.kapiolani.hawaii.edu/apdl/oahu/days#:~:text=Kukahi%20(first%20Ku)%3A%20moon,to%20the%20shore%20to%20fish.

Kawaharada, Dennis. “Traditions of O'ahu: Seasons & Months.” Kapi’olani Community College > Asia-Pacific Digital Library > APDL > Traditions of O’ahu. Copyright Kapi’olani Community College 2001-2004. Last Modified Last Updated 27 February 2023.
Available @ https://guides.library.kapiolani.hawaii.edu/apdl/oahu/months

"Lāhaina Noon." Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum > Astronomy Resources.
Available @ https://www.bishopmuseum.org/planetarium/astronomy-resources/lahaina-noon/

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 August 2026. "Galaxy and Star Lights Alighten Bishop Museum August 2026 Sky Map." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/08/galaxy-and-star-lights-alighten-bishop.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 August 2026. "Bishop Museum August 2026 Sky Map Absents Cygnids, Eridanids Meteors." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/08/bishop-museum-august-2026-sky-map.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 August 2026. "Perseids Meteor Shower Acts During Bishop Museum August 2026 Sky Map." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/08/perseids-meteor-shower-acts-during.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 August 2026. "Bishop Museum August 2026 Sky Map Maybe Anticipates Cloudy Moon Phases." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/07/bishop-museum-july-2026-sky-map-augurs.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 July 2026. "Backbone and Fishhook Star Lines Awe Bishop Museum July 2026 Sky Map." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/07/backbone-and-fishhook-star-lines-awe_0618984728.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 July 2026. "Bishop Museum July 2026 Sky Map Augurs Galaxy, Planet, Star Lights." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/07/bishop-museum-july-2026-sky-map-augurs.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 July 2026. "Lahaina Noon Dates, Places and Times Apply to Hawaii Skies July 2026." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/07/lahaina-noon-dates-places-and-times_01151626929.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 July 2026. "Moon Phases Aid Night Lights Alighting Bishop Museum July 2026 Sky Map." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/07/moon-phases-aid-night-lights-alighting_01393615814.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 June 2026. "Bishop Museum June 2026 Sky Map Admits Kaiwikuamoo Backbone Star Line." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 June 2026. "Bishop Museum June 2026 Sky Map Avows Galaxy, Moon, Planet, Star Light." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/06/bishop-museum-june-2026-sky-map-avows.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 June 2026. "Bishop Museum June 2026 Sky Map Alightens Later on the Summer Solstice." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 June 2026. "Moon Phases Alight Hawaii Skies During Bishop Museum June 2026 Sky Map." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/06/moon-phases-alight-hawaii-skies-during_069286640.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 March 2026. "Bishop Museum March 2026 Sky Map Avows Bailer, Kite, Lizard Star Lines." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/03/bishop-museum-march-2026-sky-map-avows.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 March 2026. "Bishop Museum March 2026 Sky Map Accepts Galaxy, Planet, Star Lights." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/03/bishop-museum-march-2026-sky-map.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 March 2026. "No Spring, Vernal Equinox Affects Bishop Museum March 2026 Sky Map." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/03/no-spring-vernal-equinox-affects-bishop.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 March 2026. "Bishop Museum March 2026 Sky Map Airs Sky Lights During Moon Phases." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/03/bishop-museum-march-2026-sky-map-airs.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 March 2026. "No Total Lunar Eclipse Affects Bishop Museum March 2026 Sky Map." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/03/no-total-lunar-eclipse-affects-bishop.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 February 2026. "Makalii Bailer Star Line Anchors Bishop Museum February 2026 Sky Map." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/02/makalii-bailer-star-line-anchors-bishop.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 February 2026. "Bishop Museum February 2026 Sky Map Admits Galaxy, Planet, Star Light." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/02/bishop-museum-february-2026-sky-map_01210794622.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 February 2026. "Alpha Centaurids Are Absent from Bishop Museum February 2026 Sky Map." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/02/alpha-centaurids-are-absent-from-bishop.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 February 2026. "Bishop Museum February 2026 Sky Map Airs Sky Lights During Moon Phases." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/02/bishop-museum-february-2026-sky-map.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 January 2026. "Bailer and Kite Star Lines Are on Bishop Museum January 2026 Sky Map." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/01/bailer-and-kite-star-lines-are-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 January 2026. "Galaxy, Planet, Stars Alighten Bishop Museum January 2026 Sky Map." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/01/galaxy-planet-stars-alighten-bishop.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 January 2026. Bishop Museum January 2026 Sky Map Absents Quadrantids Meteor Shower." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/01/bishop-museum-january-2026-sky-map_12.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 January 2026. "Bishop Museum January 2026 Sky Map Addresses Full Moon as Mahealani." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/01/bishop-museum-january-2026-sky-map.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 December 2025. "Kite Star Line Kalupeakawelo Alightens 'Imiloa December 2025 Sky Watch." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/12/kite-star-line-kalupeakawelo-alightens.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 December 2025. "December 2025 Bishop Sky Map, 'Imiloa Sky Chart Axe Meteor Moon Lights." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/12/december-2025-bishop-sky-map-imiloa-sky.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 December 2025. "'Imiloa December 2025 Sky Watch Airs Hibernal Northern Winter Solstice." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/12/imiloa-december-2025-sky-watch-airs.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 December 2025. "Geminid Meteor Showers Are Active Amid 'Imiloa December 2025 Sky Watch." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/12/geminid-meteor-showers-are-active-amid.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 December 2025. "Cloudy Skies Perhaps Affect Hawaii December 2025 Moon Phases Over Hilo." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/12/cloudy-skies-perhaps-affect-hawaii.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 November 2025. Kite Star Line Kalupeakawelo Alights 'Imiloa November 2025 Sky Watch." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/11/kite-star-line-kalupeakawelo-alights.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 November 2025. "November 2025 Bishop Sky Map, 'Imiloa Sky Chart Axe Meteors, Moonlight." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/11/november-2025-bishop-sky-map-imiloa-sky.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 November 2025. "Maunakea Observatories Add 3I/ATLAS to 'Imiloa December 2025 Sky Watch." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/11/maunakea-observatories-add-3iatlas-to.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 November 2025. "Cloudy, Rainy Skies Over Hawaii November 2025 Moon Phases Affect Hilo." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/11/cloudy-rainy-skies-over-hawaii-november.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 October 2025. "'Imiloa October 2025 Sky Watch Addresses Fishline and Kite Star Lines." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/10/imiloa-october-2025-sky-watch-addresses.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 October 2025. "Skies Alighten 'Imiloa October 2025 Sky Watch, Bishop Museum Sky Map." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/10/skies-alighten-imiloa-october-2025-sky.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 October 2025. "Maunakea Observatory Avails Supermassive Black Hole in Messier 87." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/10/maunakea-observatory-avails.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 October 2025. "Cloudy Skies Over Hawaii October 2025 Affect Moon Phases Over Hilo." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/10/cloudy-skies-over-hawaii-october-2025.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 September 2025. "'Imiloa September 2025 Sky Watch Admits Backbone, Fishline, Kite Stars." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/09/imiloa-september-2025-sky-watch-admits_01712950595.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 September 2025. "Sky Lights Awe 'Imiloa September 2025 Sky Watch, Bishop Museum Sky Map." Earth and Space News. Monday. Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/09/sky-lights-awe-imiloa-september-2025.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 September 2025. "'Imiloa September 2025 Sky Watch Admits the Fall Equinox Next Monday." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/09/imiloa-september-2025-sky-watch-admits.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 September 2025. "Maunakea Observatory Three-Dimensionally Avails Us the Ring Nebula." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/09/maunakea-observatory-three.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 September 2025. "Cloudy Skies Affect Hawaii September 2025 Moon Phases Over Hilo." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/09/cloudy-skies-affect-hawaii-september.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 August 2025. "Backbone, Fishline, Kite Star Lines Awe August 2025 Sky Map, Sky Watch." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/08/backbone-fishline-kite-star-lines-awe.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 August 2025. "Galaxy, Moon, Stars Alighten August 2025 Sky Map, Sky Watch Star Lines." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/08/galaxy-moon-stars-alighten-august-2025.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 August 2025. "As Sednoid Four, Ammonite Acts Away From 'Imiloa August 2025 Sky Watch." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/08/as-sednoid-four-ammonite-acts-away-from.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 August 2025. "Cloudy Skies Over Hawaii August 2025 Moon Phases Affect Cloudy Hilo." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/08/cloudy-skies-over-hawaii-august-2025.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 July 2025. "'Imiloa July 2025 Sky Watch Accesses Backbone and Fishhook Star Lines." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/07/imiloa-july-2025-sky-watch-accesses.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 July 2025. "Galaxy, Meteor, Moon, Planets, Stars Awe 'Imiloa July 2025 Sky Watch." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/07/galaxy-meteor-moon-planets-stars-awe.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 July 2025. "Lahaina Noon Dates, Places and Times Apply to Hawaii Skies July 2025." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/07/galaxy-meteor-moon-planets-stars-awe.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 July 2025. "Moon Phases July 2025 Alighten Hawaii Skies of Hilo Less Than Honolulu." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/07/moon-phases-july-2025-alighten-hawaii.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 June 2025. "‘Imiloa June 2025 Sky Watch Accesses Kaiwikuamoo Backbone Star Line." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/06/imiloa-june-2025-sky-watch-accesses.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 June 2025. "'Imiloa June 2025 Sky Watch Admits Galaxy, Moon, Planet and Star Light." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/06/imiloa-june-2025-sky-watch-admits.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 June 2025. "Keck Observatory Keck Planet Finder Avails HD 219134 Asteroseismology." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/06/keck-observatory-keck-planet-finder.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 June 2025. "Summer Solstice Alights Later Hawaii Skies June 2025 at Hilo, Honolulu." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/06/summer-solstice-alights-later-hawaii.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 June 2025. "Moon Phases Alighten Hawaii Skies of Honolulu More Than Hilo June 2025." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/06/moon-phases-alighten-hawaii-skies-of.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 May 2025. "‘Imiloa May 2025 Sky Watch Accesses Backbone and Bailer Star Lines." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/05/imiloa-may-2025-sky-watch-accesses.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 May 2025. "'Imiloa May 2025 Sky Watch Adds Lights About Eta Aquariids, Star Lines." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/05/imiloa-may-2025-sky-watch-adds-lights.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 May 2025. "‘Imiloa May 2025 Sky Watch Avails Us Lahaina Noon Dates, Places, Times." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/05/fifteen-sunny-days-over-honolulu-awe.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 May 2025. "Fifteen Sunny Days Over Honolulu Awe Moon Phases Over Hawaii May 2025." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/05/fifteen-sunny-days-over-honolulu-awe.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 April 2025. "All the Makalii Bailer Star Line Assists ‘Imiloa April 2025 Sky Watch." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/04/all-makalii-bailer-star-line-assists.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 April 2025. "Galaxy, Moon, Planet and Star Light Aces ‘Imiloa April 2025 Sky Watch." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/04/galaxy-moon-planet-and-star-light-aces.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 April 2025. "A Full Pink Moon, a Lyrid Meteor Shower Adorn Hawaii Skies April 2025." Earth and Space News. Monday. Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/04/a-full-pink-moon-lyrid-meteor-shower.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 April 2025. "Cloudless Skies Thrice Accompany Moon Phases Over Hawaii April 2025." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/04/cloudless-skies-thrice-accompany-moon.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 March 2025. "All the Makalii Bailer Star Line Aids ‘Imiloa March 2025 Sky Watch." Earth and Space News. Monday. Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/03/all-makalii-bailer-star-line-aids.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 March 2025. "Galaxy, Moon, Planet and Star Light Awes ‘Imiloa March 2025 Sky Watch." Earth and Space News. Monday. Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/03/galaxy-moon-planet-and-star-light-awes.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 March 2025. "Spring Equinox Adds Longest Day, Briefest Night Over Hawaii March 2025." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/03/spring-equinox-adds-longest-day.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 March 2025. "An All-Eclipsed Full Moon Affords No Moonlight Over Hawaii March 20255." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/03/an-all-eclipsed-full-moon-affords-no.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 March 2025. "Cloudy Skies All But Once Accompany Moon Phases Over Hawaii March 2025." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/03/cloudy-skies-all-but-once-accompany.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 February 2025. "Makalii Bailer More Than Kawelo's Kite Awes Hawaii Skies February 2025." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/02/makalii-bailer-more-than-kawelos-kite.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 February 2025. "Stars Amid and Around Star Lines Alighten Hilo, Hawaii February 2025." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/02/stars-amid-and-around-star-lines.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 February 2025. "Mars Aligns With Six Other Planets Above Hilo, Hawaii February 2025" Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/02/mars-aligns-with-six-other-planets.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 February 2025. "Moon Phases Alighten Moon-Risen Skies Above Hilo, Hawaii February 2025." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/02/moon-phases-alighten-moon-risen-skies.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 January 2025. "Star Lines Awe Galaxy-, Moon-, Planet-Lit Hawaiian Skies February 2025." Earth and Space News. Monday. Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/01/star-lines-awe-galaxy-moon-planet-lit_27.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 January 2025. "A Galaxy, a Moon, Planets, Stars Abide Above Hilo, Hawaii January 2025." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/01/a-galaxy-moon-planets-stars-abide-above.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 January 2025. "Moon Phases Alighten Moon-Risen Skies Over Hilo, Hawaii January 2025." Earth and Space News. Monday. Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/01/moon-phases-alighten-moon-risen-skies.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 December 2024. "‘Maunakea Astronomers Ally Disrupted and Ultra-Compact Dwarf Galaxies." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/12/maunakea-astronomers-ally-disrupted-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 December 2024. "‘Imiloa December 2024 Sky Watch Aced Hibernal Northern Winter Solstice." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/12/imiloa-december-2024-sky-watch-aced.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 December 2024. "Kawelo’s Kite Kalupeakawelo Alightens ‘Imiloa December 2024 Sky Watch." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/12/kawelos-kite-kalupeakawelo-alightens.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 December 2024. "‘Imiloa December 2024 Sky Watch Aces 3200 Phaethon Asteroidal Geminids." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/12/imiloa-december-2024-sky-watch-aces.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 December 2024. "‘Imiloa December 2024 Sky Watch Accommodates Four Moon Phases." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/12/imiloa-december-2024-sky-watch.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 November 2024. "‘Imiloa November 2024 Sky Watch Applauds Makalii and Makahiki Arriving." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/11/imiloa-november-2024-sky-watch-applauds.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 November 2024. "Leonid Meteor Shower Alights ‘Imiloa November 2024 Sky Watch." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/11/leonid-meteor-shower-alights-imiloa.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 November 2024. "Kawelo’s Kite Kalupeakawelo Amuses ‘Imiloa November 2024 Sky Watch." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/11/kawelos-kite-kalupeakawelo-amuses.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 November 2024. "Six Sunny Days Appear for ‘Imiloa November 2024 Sky Watch Moon Phases." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/11/six-sunny-days-appear-for-imiloa.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 October 2024. "Keck Observatory Avails ‘Imiloa October 2024 Sky Watch of Porphyrion." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/10/keck-observatory-avails-imiloa-october.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 October 2024. "Bailer, Fishline, Kite Star Lines Adorn ‘Imiloa October 2024 Sky Watch." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/10/death-at-sanatorium-acquaints-us-with_01214399686.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 October 2024. "‘Imiloa October 2024 Sky Watch Day Two Aced a Partial Solar Eclipse." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/10/imiloa-october-2024-sky-watch-day-two.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 October 2024. "‘Imiloa October 2024 Sky Watch Airs Four Moon Phases, No Ancient Trio." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/10/imiloa-october-2024-sky-watch-airs-four.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 September 2024. "‘Imiloa September 2024 Sky Watch Admires Planet Saturn Dusk to Dawn." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/09/imiloa-september-2024-sky-watch-admires.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 September 2024. "‘Imiloa September 2024 Sky Watch Admitted the Autumnal Equinox Sunday." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/09/imiloa-september-2024-sky-watch-aces.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 September 2024. "Imiloa September 2024 Sky Watch Aces Full-Moon Penumbral Lunar Eclipse." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/09/imiloa-september-2024-sky-watch-aces.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 September 2024. "‘Imiloa September 2024 Sky Watch Airs Backbone, Fishline, Kawelo Kite Star Lines." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/09/imiloa-september-2024-sky-watch-airs.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 September 2024. "‘Imiloa September 2024 Sky Watch Appears Most Active Under Full Moons." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/09/imiloa-september-2024-sky-watch-appears.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 August 2024. "Backbone and Chief's Fishline Awe 'Imiloa August 2024 Sky Watch." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/08/backbone-and-chiefs-fishline-awe-imiloa.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 August 2024. "Mars and Jupiter Conjunction Alights ‘Imiloa August 2024 Sky Watch." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/08/mars-and-jupiter-conjunction-alights.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 August 2024. "Perseids Meteor Shower Maximally Alights ‘Imiloa August 2024 Sky Watch." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/08/perseids-meteor-shower-maximally.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 August 2024. "‘Imiloa August 2024 Sky Watch Accepts Two Last-Quarter Moon Phases." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/08/imiloa-august-2024-sky-watch-accepts.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 July 2024. "Moons, Planets, Stars Are at ‘Imiloa July 2024 Sky Watch Early Morning." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/07/moons-planets-stars-are-at-imiloa-july.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 July 2024. "The Backbone and The Chief’s Fishline Awe ‘Imiloa July 2024 Sky Watch." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/07/the-backbone-and-chiefs-fishline-awe.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 July 2024. "‘Imiloa July 2024 Sky Watch Assigns Lahaina Noon Dates, Places, Times." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/07/imiloa-july-2024-sky-watch-assigns.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 July 2024. "‘Imiloa July 2024 Sky Watch Accepts Two First-Quarter Moon Phases." Earth and Space News. Monday. Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/07/imiloa-july-2024-sky-watch-accepts-two.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 July 2024. "‘Imiloa July 2024 Sky Watch Adds One More To Ancient Moon Phases." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/07/imiloa-july-2024-sky-watch-adds-one.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 June 2024. "'Imiloa June 2024 Sky Watch Morning Planets, Star Cluster, Star Lines." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/06/imiloa-june-2024-sky-watch-morning.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 June 2024. "‘Imiloa June 2024 Sky Watch Moon Phases Admit Summer Solstice June 20." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/06/imiloa-june-2024-sky-watch-moon-phases.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 June 2024. "‘Imiloa June 2024 Sky Watch Addresses Backbone Star Line Kaiwikuamo’o." Earth and Space News. Monday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/06/imiloa-june-2024-sky-watch-addresses.html

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Audubon Birds and Nature Calendar Adds Peregrine Falcons October 2026

Summary: Audubon Birds and Nature Calendar in National Audubon Society's Audubon Protecting Birds and Nature calendar series adds peregrine falcons October 2026.

"God talks to human beings through many vectors: through each other, through organized religion, through the great books of those religions, through wise people, through art and music and literature and poetry, but nowhere with such detail and grace and color and joy as through creation. When we destroy a species, when we destroy a special place, we're diminishing our capacity to sense the divine, understand who God is and what our own potential is." Robert Francis Kennedy Jr., April 19, 2023, Boston Park Plaza Hotel, Back Bay, Boston, Massachusetts.

“And there’s many people out there who want us to move to the next planet already and I’m like, hang on, let’s not give up on this planet yet," William, Prince of Wales, July 31, 2023, Sorted Food food truck, London, England, United Kingdom.

Peregrine falcons achieve name recognition even as they acquaint their audiences with their abodes worldwide, apart insular and mainland Antarctica, and their aptitudes for 320-plus-kilometer (200-plus-mile) hourly diving speeds.
"Peregrine Falcon," Cape Meares National Wildlife Refuge, Tillamook County, northwestern Oregon; image obtained Saturday Dec. 19, 2015, by Peter Pearsall/USFWS.:
Public Domain, via U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service USFWS Media

Audubon Birds and Nature Calendar in National Audubon Society's Audubon Protecting Birds and Nature calendar series adds peregrine falcons October 2026 even as assured 21st-century wild populations arise from 20th-century captive breeding.

Being genus-specied Falco peregrinus bases peregrine falcons in the Falconidae ("falcon-appearing," Latin falcō -idæ) family of the bird-of-prey, the raptor-membered Falconiformes ("falcon-shaped," Latin falcō -fōrmēs) order. Marmaduke Tunstall (Tues., Jan. 1, 1743-Tues., Oct. 11, 1790), in his 1771-published Ornithologia Britannica ("Ornithology British"), called peregrine falcons Falco peregrinus ("falcon wanderer," Latin falcō peregrīnus). Coastal-continental Canada, the coastal-continental United States, coastal and inland Mexico and Caribbean-Sea islands domicile peregrine falcons even as such overwinterers depart into Central and South America.

The migratory pre-breeding and post-breeding habitats of peregrine falcons embrace continental Canada and the continental United States even as peregrine falcons sometimes effectuate temporary European-country migrations.

Bird specialists generally and Raptor specialists especially admit minimall 19 subspecies of peregrine falcons. The northern areas of North America and of north Europe through northern Asia agree with peregrine falcons as summer-breeding abodes even as Australia, central and southern Africa and coastal-southern South America allow peregrine falcons breeding residences.
"Subspecies map of Falco peregrinus (breeding distributions only)"; source: "compiled from textual range descriptions in Handbook of the Birds of the World" (HBW), multi-volume series by Spanish publishing house Lynx Edicions, headquartered in Bellaterra district, Cerdanyola del Vallès, vegueria of Barcelona (Barcelona Region), northeastern Spain, in partnership with BirdLife International, headquartered in Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, South East England; uploaded Monday, Oct. 22, 2007, by MPF (talk/contribs) to Wikimedia Commons.:
MPF, CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons

Nova-Scotia coastlines and British-Columbia flyways southward into the United States' New England, Appalachian South and mountainous Northwest and Southwest furnish scattered breeding-season habitats for peregrine falcons.

Breeding-season peregrine falcons gather from coastal and inland Alaska eastward through Arctic-coastal, Arctic-inland Canada's Yukon Territory, Northwest Territories and Nunavut into archipelagic-Arctic Canada, Arctic-coastal Labrador, Newfoundland. Inland-mountain ranges, open valleys, sea-coast cliffs and skyscraping cities host breeding-season peregrine falcons even as such breeding-season habitats house coastal waters or inland lakes and rivers. Physical and sexual maturity initiates one breeding interval every March through June even as pre-egg-laying, pre-egg-incubating interludes impel no new-nest location identification and no nesting-material itineraries.

Audubon Birds and Nature Calendar in National Audubon Society's Audubon Protecting Birds and Nature calendar series jubilates October 2026, fourth post-breeding month after the breeding-season quartet.

Peregrine falcons as single-brooding, spring-summer mothers-to-be lay 53- by 11-millimeter (2.08661- by 0.433071-inch) eggs even as heavy marking logs dense, fine speckles; irregular blotches and patches. Buff-cream, nonglossy, short-subelliptical to short-elliptical, smooth eggs manifest at two- to three-day intervals even as they mix chestnut-red to red speckles; gray, purple blotches; pale patches. Cream-white; dark-eyed; gray-white beak-based, legged; semi-downy, semi-altricial ("nourisher," Latin altrīx) hatchlings respectively niche feathers, exercise, flight, independence as 18-, 21-, 35- to 42-, 95- to 102-day-olds.
"A part of the egg collection of the "Arbeitsgemeinschaft Wanderfalkenschutz Nordrhein-Westfalen" (AGW-NRW, Working group Peregrine protection of North Rhine-Westphalia). The addled or infertile eggs were collected while ringing or controlling the birds with official permit. Their contents were analysed for pesticide contamination." Image obtained by Dr. Peter Wegner, current spokesperson for the AGW-NRW at Düsseldorf-based environmental associationNABU NRW (Nature And Biodiversity Conservation Union North Rhine-Westfalia), a retired chemist and former head of dye production at Leverkusen, North Rhine-Westfalia-headquartered German multinational pharmaceutical and biotechnology company Bayer AG.
Testing peregrine falcon eggs for pesticide contamination identifies environmental toxins from pesticides, such as DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane), that accumulate in the world's fastest bird's system via contaminated prey and that increase mortality via overly thin eggshells with infertile and/or broken eggs, as explained by Dr. Wegner to Bernd Pieper, NABU Head of Communications, in "Engagiert und erfolgreich: Wanderfalkenschutz in Nordrhein-Westfalen" (Committed and successful: Peregrine falcon conservation in North Rhine-Westphalia) on NABU's website (https://www.nabu.de/wir-ueber-uns/was-wir-tun/naturschutzmacher/deutschlandtour/15042.html).:
Peter Wegner, CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons

Bare-, open-ground raised mounds; big-, city-building and cliff ledges; hollow-stump tops; and rocky outcrops kindle peregrine-falcon nests even as such hollow scrapes keep no egg-keepsaking materials.

Peregrine falcons as single-brooding, spring-summer mothers-to-be lay 53- by 11-millimeter (2.08661- by 0.433071-inch) eggs even as heavy marking logs dense, fine speckles; irregular blotches and patches. Buff-cream, nonglossy, short-subelliptical to short-elliptical, smooth eggs manifest at two- to three-day intervals even as they mix chestnut-red to red speckles; gray, purple blotches; pale patches. Cream-white; dark-eyed; gray-white beak-based, legged; semi-downy, semi-altricial ("nourisher," Latin altrīx) hatchlings respectively niche feathers, exercise, flight, independence as 18-, 21-, 35- to 42-, 95- to 102-day-olds.

Audubon Birds and Nature Calendar overlaps October 2026 and peregrine falcons even as single-brooded nestling-duo to nestling-sextet sets occasion co-parental 28-, 29-day incubations for each egg.

"Eggs of peregrine falcon Two specimens of the same spawn; collection of Jacques Perrin de Brichambaut." discovered Sunday, March 28, 1943, by French ornithologist Georges Guichard at Arcy-sur-Cure, Yonne department, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté (BFC; "Burgundy-Free County'), north-central France; collection of Jacques Perrin de Brichambaut, accession number MHNT.ZOO.2010.11.102.1, Muséum de Toulouse (Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de la ville de Toulouse, MHNT), Haute-Garonne department, Occitania region, southwestern France.:
Roger Culos (Ercé), CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons

Their deep-dipping, fast-beating, soaring-possibilitating wings permit direct-, powerful-patterned, stoop-diving flights even as 200-mile (320-kilomter) hourly speeds prioritize pursuing prey perishable from upper-beak pointed-tooth, lower-beak notched-tooth neck-puncturing.

Peregrine-falcon juveniles quarter blue-gray or white-yellow toes and legs; brown upperparts; streaked underparts even as peregrine-falcon adults queue blue-gray upperparts; horizontal-banded light underparts; yellow-toed yellow legs. Mature-male peregrine falcons reveal dark-, prominent-, wide-mustached, yellow-eye-ringed, dark-hooded heads; dark-spotted, buff-white breasts; long, pointed wings with barred underwings; and short tails with barred undertail feathers. Fifteen- to 20-year life-expectancy maximums secure mature-physical, mature-sexual 16-inch (41-centimeter) body, 3.25- to 3.5-foot (1- to 1.1-meter) wingspan lengths, 22- to 35-ounce (620- to 1,000-gram) weights.

Audubon Birds and Nature Calendar treats peregrine falcons October 2026 even as the afore-termed raptors trend taciturnity apart nest-transmitted alarm-calling through rasping "Hack!-Hack!-Hack!-Hack!" and sharp "Hek!-Hek!-Hek!".

"Many persons believe that this Hawk, and some others, never drink any other fluid than the blood of their victims; but this is an error. I have seen them alight on sand-bars, walk to the edge of them, immerse their bills nearly up to the eyes in the water, and drink a continued manner, as Pigeons are known to do" (page 87), observed French-American artist, explorer, naturalist and ornithologist John James Audubon (born Jean-Jacques Rabin; April 26, 1785-Jan. 27, 1851) in The Birds of America: From Drawings Made in the United States and Their Territories, vol. I (1840; "The Great-Footed Hawk. Falco Peregrinus, Gmel. Plate XX. -- Male and Female," pages 83-88).
Common English names for Falco peregrinus include peregrine falcon, duck hawk and great-footed hawk.
Peregrine pair, female (left) and male (right), each with anatine prey, "Great-footed Hawk, Falco Peregrinus, Gmel. Male, 1. Female, 2. Green-winged Teal and Gadwal," illustrated "from Nature" by John James Audubon and "Engraved, Printed & Coloured" Reading, Berkshire, England-born, American landscape painter and printmaker Robert Havell, Jr. (Nov. 25, 1793-Nov. 11, 1878), 1832, in The Birds of America, vols. I-IV (1827-1838).:
"No Copyright -- United States," via University of Pittsburgh Library System (ULS) Digital Collections

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication

This post is dedicated to the memory of our beloved blue-eyed brother, Charles, who guided the creation of the Met Opera and Astronomy posts on Earth and Space News. We memorialized our brother in "Our Beloved Blue-Eyed Brother, Charles, With Whom We Are Well Pleased," published on Earth and Space News on Thursday, Nov. 18, 2021, an anniversary of our beloved father's death.

Image credits:

Peregrine falcons achieve name recognition even as they acquaint their audiences with their abodes worldwide, apart insular and mainland Antarctica, and their aptitudes for 320-plus-kilometer (200-plus-mile) hourly diving speeds.
"Peregrine Falcon," Cape Meares National Wildlife Refuge, Tillamook County, northwestern Oregon; image obtained Saturday Dec. 19, 2015, by Peter Pearsall/USFWS.:
Public Domain, via U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service USFWS Media @ https://www.fws.gov/media/peregrine-falcon-12
: CC BY 2.0 Generic; Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:USFWS_peregrine_(23745085842).jpg;
USFWS -- Pacific Region (USFWS Pacific), CC BY NC 2.0 Generic, via Flickr @ https://flickr.com/photos/52133016@N08/23745085842

Bird specialists generally and Raptor specialists especially admit minimall 19 subspecies of peregrine falcons. The northern areas of North America and of north Europe through northern Asia agree with peregrine falcons as summer-breeding abodes even as Australia, central and southern Africa and coastal-southern South America allow peregrine falcons breeding residences.
"Subspecies map of Falco peregrinus (breeding distributions only)"; source: "compiled from textual range descriptions in Handbook of the Birds of the World" (HBW), multi-volume series by Spanish publishing house Lynx Edicions, headquartered in Bellaterra district, Cerdanyola del Vallès, vegueria of Barcelona (Barcelona Region), northeastern Spain, in partnership with BirdLife International, headquartered in Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, South East England; uploaded Monday, Oct. 22, 2007, by MPF (talk/contribs) to Wikimedia Commons.:
MPF, CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PeregrineSubspeciesMap.png

Peregrine falcons as single-brooding, spring-summer mothers-to-be lay 53- by 11-millimeter (2.08661- by 0.433071-inch) eggs even as heavy marking logs dense, fine speckles; irregular blotches and patches. Buff-cream, nonglossy, short-subelliptical to short-elliptical, smooth eggs manifest at two- to three-day intervals even as they mix chestnut-red to red speckles; gray, purple blotches; pale patches. Cream-white; dark-eyed; gray-white beak-based, legged; semi-downy, semi-altricial ("nourisher," Latin altrīx) hatchlings respectively niche feathers, exercise, flight, independence as 18-, 21-, 35- to 42-, 95- to 102-day-olds.
"A part of the egg collection of the "Arbeitsgemeinschaft Wanderfalkenschutz Nordrhein-Westfalen" (AGW-NRW, Working group Peregrine protection of North Rhine-Westphalia). The addled or infertile eggs were collected while ringing or controlling the birds with official permit. Their contents were analysed for pesticide contamination." Image obtained by Dr. Peter Wegner, current spokesperson for the AGW-NRW at Düsseldorf-based environmental associationNABU NRW (Nature And Biodiversity Conservation Union North Rhine-Westfalia), a retired chemist and former head of dye production at Leverkusen, North Rhine-Westfalia-headquartered German multinational pharmaceutical and biotechnology company Bayer AG.
Testing peregrine falcon eggs for pesticide contamination identifies environmental toxins from pesticides, such as DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane), that accumulate in the world's fastest bird's system via contaminated prey and that increase mortality via overly thin eggshells with infertile and/or broken eggs, as explained by Dr. Wegner to Bernd Pieper, NABU Head of Communications, in "Engagiert und erfolgreich: Wanderfalkenschutz in Nordrhein-Westfalen" (Committed and successful: Peregrine falcon conservation in North Rhine-Westphalia) on NABU's website (https://www.nabu.de/wir-ueber-uns/was-wir-tun/naturschutzmacher/deutschlandtour/15042.html).:
Peter Wegner, CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Egg_collection_part_of_AGW.jpg

"Eggs of peregrine falcon Two specimens of the same spawn; collection of Jacques Perrin de Brichambaut." discovered Sunday, March 28, 1943, by French ornithologist Georges Guichard at Arcy-sur-Cure, Yonne department, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté (BFC; "Burgundy-Free County'), north-central France; collection of Jacques Perrin de Brichambaut, accession number MHNT.ZOO.2010.11.102.1, Muséum de Toulouse (Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de la ville de Toulouse, MHNT), Haute-Garonne department, Occitania region, southwestern France.:
Roger Culos (Ercé), CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Falco_peregrinus_MHNT.ZOO.2010.11.102.1.jpg

"Many persons believe that this Hawk, and some others, never drink any other fluid than the blood of their victims; but this is an error. I have seen them alight on sand-bars, walk to the edge of them, immerse their bills nearly up to the eyes in the water, and drink a continued manner, as Pigeons are known to do" (page 87), observed French-American artist, explorer, naturalist and ornithologist John James Audubon (born Jean-Jacques Rabin; April 26, 1785-Jan. 27, 1851) in The Birds of America: From Drawings Made in the United States and Their Territories, vol. I (1840; "The Great-Footed Hawk. Falco Peregrinus, Gmel. Plate XX. -- Male and Female," pages 83-88).
Common English names for Falco peregrinus include peregrine falcon, duck hawk and great-footed hawk.
Peregrine pair, female (left) and male (right), each with anatine prey, "Great-footed Hawk, Falco Peregrinus, Gmel. Male, 1. Female, 2. Green-winged Teal and Gadwal," illustrated "from Nature" by John James Audubon and "Engraved, Printed & Coloured" Reading, Berkshire, England-born, American landscape painter and printmaker Robert Havell, Jr. (Nov. 25, 1793-Nov. 11, 1878), 1832, in The Birds of America, vols. I-IV (1827-1838).:
"No Copyright -- United States," via University of Pittsburgh Library System (ULS) Digital Collections @ https://digital.library.pitt.edu/islandora/object/pitt:aud0016;
Female (left) and Male (right) peregrines, "Peregrine Falcon," The Birds of America, vol. I (1840), No. 4, Plate 20 [XX], opposite page 85.: Smithsonian Libraries and Archives, Not in copyright, via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40383098;
Biodiversity Heritage Library (BioDivLibrary), Public Domain, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/61021753@N02/8568815368/

For further information:

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 October 2026. "Audubon Birds and Nature Calendar Adds Peregrine Falcons October 2026." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 September 2026. "Black-and-White Warblers as Audubon Birds and Nature Calendar Sep 2026." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 August 2026. "Audubon Birds and Nature Calendar Assigns Common Terns August 2026." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/08/audubon-birds-and-nature-calendar.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 July 2026. "Resplendent Quetzals Awe Audubon Birds and Nature Calendar July 2026." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/07/resplendent-quetzals-awe-audubon-birds.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 June 2026. "Audubon Birds and Nature Calendar Assigns Wilson's Plovers June 2026." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/05/audubon-birds-and-nature-calendar.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 May 2026. "Audubon Birds and Nature Calendar Assigns Anna's Hummingbirds May 2026." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/05/audubon-birds-and-nature-calendar.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 April 2026. "Audubon Birds and Nature Calendar Augurs Abundant Mallards April 2026." Earth and Space News. Sunday. Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/04/audubon-birds-and-nature-calendar.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 March 2026. "Audubon Birds and Nature Calendar Avails Us Blue Jays as March 2026." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/03/no-total-lunar-eclipse-affects-bishop.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 February 2026. "Snow Geese as February 2026 Awe Audubon Birds and Nature Calendar." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/02/snow-geese-as-february-2026-awe-audubon.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 January 2026. "Pyrrhuloxia as January 2026 Awe Audubon Birds and Nature Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/01/pyrrhuloxia-as-january-2026-awe-audubon.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 December 2024. "Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2024 Aces Wild December as Awesome Denali, Area of Drunken Forest White Spruce." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 November 2024. "Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2024 Allies With November Polar Bears, Ringed Seal Predators." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/11/audubon-arctic-wall-calendar-2024.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 October 2024. "Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2024 Airs Willow Ptarmigans for October." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/10/audubon-arctic-wall-calendar-2024-airs.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 September 2024. "Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2024: Dall Sheep at September Snow Willow." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/09/audubon-arctic-wall-calendar-2024-dall.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 August 2024. "Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2024 Arctic Terns Above August Nagoon?" Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/08/are-audubon-arctic-wall-calendar-2024.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 July 2024. "Ivishak River Acts as Wild July on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2024." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/07/ivishak-river-acts-as-wild-july-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 May 2024. "Beluga Whales Awe Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2024 as Wild May." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/05/beluga-whales-awe-audubon-arctic-wall.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 March 2024. "Baffin Bay Agrees as Wild March With Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2024." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/03/baffin-bay-agrees-as-wild-march-with.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 February 2024. "Tufted Puffins Add Wild February to Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2024." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/02/tufted-puffins-add-wild-february-to.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 December 2023. "Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 Assigns Snowy Owls to December Birds." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/12/audubon-arctic-wall-calendar-2022.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 December 2023. "Spectacled Eiders Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 December Birds." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/12/spectacled-eiders-are-audubon-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 November 2023. "Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 Adds Mount Katmai to Wild November." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/11/audubon-arctic-wall-calendar-2022-adds.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 October 2023. "Caribou Abound as Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 October Animals." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/10/caribou-abound-as-audubon-arctic-wall.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 October 2023. "Red-Necked Phalaropes, Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 October Birds." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/10/red-necked-phalaropes-audubon-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 September 2023. "Brown Bears Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 September Animals." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/09/brown-bears-are-audubon-arctic-wall.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 September 2023. "Polar Bears Act as Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 September Animals." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/09/polar-bears-act-as-audubon-arctic-wall.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 August 2023. "Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 Augurs King Eiders as August Birds." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/08/audubon-arctic-wall-calendar-2022.html#google_vignette

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 August 2023. "Savannah Sparrows Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 August Birds." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/08/savannah-sparrows-are-audubon-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 July 2023. "Kenai Peninsula Awes, As Wild July, Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/07/kenai-peninsula-awes-as-wild-july.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 June 2023. "Buff-Breasted Sandpipers, Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 June Birds." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/06/buff-breasted-sandpipers-audubon-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 June 2023. "Rock Ptarmigans Act as June Birds on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/06/rock-ptarmigans-act-as-june-birds-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 May 2023. "Moose Appear as May Animals on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/05/moose-appear-as-may-animals-on-audubon.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 April 2023. "Brooks Range Acts as Wild April on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/04/brooks-range-acts-as-wild-april-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 April 2023. "Arctic Terns Are April Birds on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/04/arctic-terns-are-april-birds-on-audubon.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 March 2023. "Western Sandpipers Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 March Birds." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/03/western-sandpipers-are-audubon-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 March 2023. "Baffin Island Wolves Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 Wild March." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/03/baffin-island-wolves-are-audubon-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 February 2023. "Musk Ox, Muskox Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar February 2022 Animals." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/musk-ox-muskox-are-audubon-arctic-wall.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 February 2023. "Red-Throated Loons Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 February Birds." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/red-throated-loons-are-audubon-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 January 2023. "Mallard Ducks Aced Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 as January Birds." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/mallard-ducks-aced-audubon-arctic-wall.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 January 2023. "Red Foxes Are January Wildlife on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/red-foxes-are-january-wildlife-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 December 2022. "Dark-Eyed Juncos Are December Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/12/dark-eyed-juncos-are-december-birds-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 November 2022. "Eared Grebes Are November Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/11/eared-grebes-are-november-birds-on-2022.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 October 2022. "Barred Owls Are October Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/10/barred-owls-are-october-birds-on-2022.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 September 2022. "Brown Pelicans Are September Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/09/brown-pelicans-are-september-birds-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 August 2022. "Allen’s Hummingbirds Are August Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/08/allens-hummingbirds-are-august-birds-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 July 2022. "Reddish Egrets Are July Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/07/reddish-egrets-are-july-birds-on-2022.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 June 2022. "American Oystercatchers Are June Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/06/american-oystercatchers-are-june-birds.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 May 2022. "Rose-Breasted Grosbeaks Are May Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/05/rose-breasted-grosbeaks-are-may-birds.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 April 2022. "Crested Caracaras Appear as April Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/04/crested-caracaras-appear-as-april-birds.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 March 2022. "Cerulean Warblers Are March Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/03/cerulean-warblers-are-march-birds-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 February 2022. "Northern Bobwhites Are February Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/02/northern-bobwhites-are-february-birds.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 January 2022. "Florida Scrub-Jays Are January Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/01/florida-scrub-jays-are-january-birds-on.html