Earth and Space News

Wednesday, April 24, 2024

Martian Crater Galdakao Nudges Jagged Northeastern Rim of Gusev Crater

Summary: Martian Crater Galdakao nudges the jagged northeastern rim of Gusev Crater in the Martian southern hemisphere's Aeolis quadrangle.

High-resolution, five-wavelength visual imaging system (VIS) image, obtained by 2001 Mars Odyssey orbiter's Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS), depicts part of Gusev Crater's rim and ejecta, with Galdakao Crater's rim appearing as arc feature terminating at the channel (lower right); image ID V24582002; image captured Saturday, June 30, 2007, 00:53, at minus 12.9245 south latitude, 176.398 east longitude, during orbit 24582; image credit NASA/JPL-Caltech/Arizona State University: via Arizona State University Mars Odyssey THEMIS

Galdakao Crater nudges the jagged northeastern rim of Gusev Crater in the southeastern quadrant of the Martian southern hemisphere's Aolis quadrangle as the large impact crater's only named northeastern neighborly crater.

The Aeolis quadrangle numbers as the 23rd of 30 cartographic quadrangles dividing the Martian surface according to mapping by the United States Geological Survey (USGS). Designated as Mars Chart 23 (MC-23), the Aeolis quadrangle encompasses 180 degrees west to 225 degrees west longitude (180 degrees east to 135 degrees east longitude) and zero degrees to minus 30 degrees south latitude.

Galdakao Crater is centered at minus 13.34 degrees south, 176.63 degrees east, according to the International Astronomical Union’s (IAU) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. It posts its northernmost and southernmost latitudes at minus 13.06 degrees south and minus 13.62 degrees south, respectively. It marks its easternmost and westernmost longitudes at 176.92 degrees east and 176.34 degrees east, respectively. Galdakao Crater's diameter measures 33.44 kilometers.

Galdakao Crater neighbors at the edge of Gusev Crater's northeastern craggy rim. Galdakao occurs as Gusev Crater's only named northern craterous neighbor.

Gusev Crater's eastern rim exhibits greater relief than its western rim, according to planetary geologists David A. Crown, James W. Rice, Steven W. Ruff and Stephen P. Scheidt and senior research associate Frank C. Chuang in "Geologic Mapping of Gusev Crater, Mars: Gusev Rim and Floor Characteristics," presented at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and U.S. Geological Survey's 2021 Annual Meeting of Planetary Geologic Mappers (PGM), which was held virtually Monday, June 14, to Tuesday, June 15. The north-northeastern rim's maximum relief of approximately 2,550 meters contrasts with the north-northwestern rim's relief maximum of approximately 600 meters. Incised slopes, numerous canyon-like valleys and seeming deposits of alluvial sediments configure Gusev Crater's northeastern rim.

Gusev Crater is centered at minus 14.53 degrees south latitude, 175.52 degrees west longitude. The impact crater expresses its northernmost and southernmost latitudes at minus 13.20 degrees south and minus 15.86 degrees south, respectively. It details its easternmost and westernmost longitudes at 176.91 degrees east and 174.15 degrees east, respectively. Gusev Crater's diameter spans 158.12 kilometers.

Galdakao Crater is located between Gusev Crater, its south-southwestern neighbor, and Apollinaris Sulci (Latin: sulci, plural, "plow-drawn furrows"), its northern neighbor. The feature type termed "Sulcus, sulci" is defined by the Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature as "Subparallel furrows and ridges." Apollinaris Sulci is specified as a region occupying the Martian dichotomy, the boundary between the Red Planet's sharply contrasted northern and southern hemispheres, according to NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) senior research scientist Laura Kerber and 14 co-authors in "A Human Landing Site at Apollinaris Sulci: Life Inside a Yardang," presented during First Landing Site/Exploration Zone Workshop for Human Missions to the Surface of Mars, held Tuesday, Oct. 27, to Friday, Oct. 30, 2015, at the Lunar and Planetary Institute (LPI) in Houston, Texas. As a dichotomous site southeast of volcanic Apollinaris Mons and northeast of the Gusev impact crater, Apollinaris Sulci mingles with diverse terrain boundaries.

Apollinaris Sulci is centered at minus 11.06 degrees south latitude, 177.47 degrees east longitude. Its northernmost and southernmost latitutdes touch minus 9.47 degrees south and minus 12.65 degrees south, respectively. It establishes its easternmost and westernmost longitudes at 178.80 degrees east and 176.21 degrees east, respectively. Apollinaris Sulci's diameter spans 188.64 kilometers.

Apollinaris Mons (Latin: mons, "mountain") lies to the northwest of Galdakao Crater and of Apollinaris Sulci. Apollinaris Mons describes as "a volcanic construct" that formed "along the transition zone between the northern lowlands and southern highlands" (Figure 1 Context View of Apollinaris Mons), according to senior research associate Frank C. Chuang and senior scientists David A. Crown and Daniel C. Berman in "Geology of the northeastern flank of Apollinaris Mons, Mars: Constraints on the erosional history from morphology, topography, and crater populations," published in the Nov. 15, 2019, issue of Icarus.

Apollinaris Mons is centered at minus 9.17 degrees south latitude, 174.79 degrees east longitude. Its northernmost and southernmost latitudes extend from minus 6.88 degrees south to minus 11.47 degrees south latitude. Its easternmost and westernmost longitudes stretch from 176.40 degrees east to 172.66 degrees east, respectively. Apollinaris Mons has a diameter of 275.40 kilometers.

Apollinaris Patera designates the caldera of Apollinaris Mons. The name formerly referenced the entire volcanic mountain.

Apollinaris Patera is centered at minus 8.57 degrees south latitude, 174.18 degrees east longitude. It records northernmost and southernmost latitudes of minus 7.92 degrees south and minus 9.22 degrees south, respectively. The caldera registers its easternmost and westernmost longitudes at 174.91 degrees east and 173.43 degrees east, respectively. Apollinaris Patera's diameter measures 89.60 kilometers.

Galdakao Crater honors "Euskadi (Basque) town in Spain," according to the crater's profile page on the Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. Galdakao is a town and municipality in the province of Biscay (Basque: Bizkaia; Spanish: Vizcaya) in the Basque Country (Basque: Euskadi; Spanish: País Vasco; French: Pays Basque), also called Basque Autonomous Community (Basque: Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoa; Spanish: Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco; French: Communauté autonome du Pays basque). The International Astronomical Union approved the crater's Basque-honoring name in 2003, the year of the IAU's XXV (25th) General Assembly, which was held from Saturday, July 12, to Saturday, July 26, 2003, in Sydney, Australia.

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

detail of MRO (Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter) Context (CTX) Image of "Galdako Crater and surrounding terrain" (image ID: CTX: P18_008172_1668_XI_13S183W), image time 2008-04-24T05:51:44.789, orbit 8172, center latitude minus 13.2 degrees south, center longitude 176.49 degrees east longitude, spacecraft altitude 260.27 kilometers, solar distance 248,956,272 kilometers: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wikigaldakao.jpg; via ASU Mars Space Flight Facility Image Viewer @ http://viewer.mars.asu.edu/planetview/inst/ctx/P18_008172_1668_XI_13S183W#P=P18_008172_1668_XI_13S183W&T=2

For further information:

Christensen, P.R. (Phillip R.); N.S. (Noel S.) Gorelick; G.L. (Greg L.) Mehall; and K.C. (Kimberly C.) Murray. "Ejecta Modification. This VIS image is of part of the rim and ejecta of Gusev Crater. The arc feature that begins just right of center at the bottom of the frame and ends at the channel is the rim of Galdakao Crater. The channels and yardangs in this image were formed during the modification of the surface by wind and water." Mars Odyssey and THEMIS Thermal Emission Imaging System > Image Galleries > THEMIS Image of the Day. THEMIS Public Data Releases, Planetary Data System node, Arizona State University.
Available via Mars Odyssey and THEMIS @ https://themis.mars.asu.edu/zoom-20070827a

Christensen, P.R., N.S. Gorelick, G.L. Mehall, and K.C. Murray, THEMIS Public Data Releases, Planetary Data System node, Arizona State University, .

Chuang, Frank C.; David A. Crown; and Daniel C. Berman. "Geology of the northeastern flank of Apollinaris Mons, Mars: Constraints on the erosional history from morphology, topography, and crater populations." Icarus, vol. 333 (Nov. 15, 2019): 385-403.
Available via ScienceDirect @ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019103518306869

Crown, David A.; Frank C. Chuang; James W. Rice; Steven W. Ruff; and Stephen P. Scheidt. "Geologic Mapping of Gusev Crater, Mars: Gusev Rim and Floor Characteristics." 2021 Annual Meeting of Planetary Geologic Mappers, Virtual, June 14-15, 2021. LPI (Lunar and Planetary Institute) Contribution No. 2610. Abstract No. 7020.
Available via USRA (Universities Space Research Association) @ https://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/pgm2021/pdf/7020.pdf

Engvold, Oddbjørn, ed. XXVth General Assembly Transactions of the IAU Vol. XXV B Proceedings of the 25th General Assembly Sydney, Australia, July 12-26, 2003. San Francisco CA: The Astronomical Society of the Pacific, July 22, 2008.
Available via IAU @ https://www.iau.org/publications/iau/transactions_b/

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Apollinaris Mons.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > Mars > Mars. Last updated Sep. 19, 2007 11:45 a.m.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/324

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Apollinaris Patera.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > Mars > Mars. Last updated June 27, 2008 1:07 p.m.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/324

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Apollinaris Sulci.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > Mars > Mars. Last updated Oct. 1, 2006 3:30 p.m.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/324

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Galdakao.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > Mars > Mars. Last updated Nov. 17, 2010 9:58 a.m.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/2070

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Gusev.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > Mars > Mars. Last updated Nov. 17, 2010 9:58 a.m.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/Gusev

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Sulcus, sulci SU Subparallel furrows and ridges.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Documentation > Descriptor Terms (Feature Types).
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/DescriptorTerms

Kerber, L.; R.P.Mueller; L. Sibille; A. Abbud-Madrid; T. Bertrand; K.M. Stack; A.K. Nicholas; C.E. Parcheta; S. Piqueux; I. J. Daubar; M.J. Malaska; J.W. Ashley; S. Diniega; J.L. Dickson; and C.I. Fassett. "A Human Landing Site at Apollinaris Sulci: Life Inside a Yardang." First Landing Site/Exploration Zone Workshop for Human Missions to the Surface of Mars (2015). Lunar and Planetary Institute (LPI), Houston, Texas, Tuesday, Oct. 27, to Friday, Oct. 30, 2015. Abstract 1043.
Available via HOU USRA @ https://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/explorationzone2015/pdf/1043.pdf

Marriner, Derdriu. "Gusev Crater in Southern Mars Honors Russian Astronomer Matvey Gusev." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, April 10, 2024.
Available @

Marriner, Derdriu. "Three Named Craters Distinguish Central Floor in Gusev Crater on Mars." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, April 17, 2024.
Available @

Mars Odyssey THEMIS. "Apollinaris Patera." Arizona State University (ASU) Mars Odyssey THEMIS > Image Galleries > THEMIS Image of the Day.
Available via Mars Odyssey THEMIS @ https://themis.mars.asu.edu/zoom-20040823a

Sharp, Robert P. "Mars: Fretted and chaotic terrains." JGR Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 78, issue 20 (July 10, 1973): 4073-4083.
Available via Wiley Online Library @ https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/JB078i020p04073

Monday, April 22, 2024

Fire Shut Up in My Bones Is April 27, 2024, Saturday Radio Broadcast

Summary: Blanchard's Fire Shut Up in My Bones airs April 27, 2024, as the 21st of 27 Met Opera Saturday matinee radio broadcasts in the 2023-2024 season.

Fire Shut Up in My Bones is the April 27, 2024, Met Opera Saturday matinee broadcast, airing at 1:00 p.m. Eastern Time as the 21st of the 2023-2024 season's lineup of 27 Saturday matinee radio broadcasts.

Fire Shup in My Bones by American jazz musician and composer Terence Blanchard (born March 13, 1962) receives seven performances in the 2023-2024 season. The first through fourth performances were held Monday, April 8, at 7:00 p.m.; Friday, April 12, at 8:00 p.m.; Wednesday, April 17, at 7:30 p.m.; and Saturday, April 20, at 8:00 p.m. The fifth through seventh, closing performances are scheduled for Wednesday, April 24, at 7:30 p.m.; Saturday matinee broadcast, April 27, at 1:00 p.m.; and Thursday, May 2, at 7:30 p.m.

Evan Rogister conducts all seven performances. The North Carolina-born maestro of American and German dual citizenship had made his Met Opera debut Saturday, Nov. 25, 2017, in the opera company's 438th performance of Die Zauberflöte by Classical Era composer Wolfgang Mozart (Jan. 27, 1756-Dec. 5, 1791).

Ryan Speedo Green appears in all seven performances as Charles, whose journey from childhood trauma to healing plots the opera. The American bass-baritone had made his Met Opera debut Wednesday, Sept. 26, 2012, as a Mandarin in the opera company’s 287th performance of Turandot by Italian opera composer Giacomo Puccini (Dec. 22, 1858-Nov. 29, 1924).

Latonia Moore appears in all seven performances as Billie, Charles's mother. The American soprano had made her Met Opera debut Saturday, March 3, 2012, in the title role in the opera company's 1,122nd performance of Aida by 19th-century Italian opera composer Giuseppe Verdi (Oct. 10, 1813-Jan. 27, 1901).

Brittany Renee appears in all seven performances in three roles as Greta and the female spirits of Destiny and Loneliness, all of whom guide Charles from stored trauma to healing release. The American soprano had made her Met Opera debut Monday, Sep. 27, 2021, as Evelyn in the Metropolitan Opera premiere of Blanchard's Fire Shut Up in My Bones.

The 2023-2024 season's presentation of Fire Shut Up in My Bones marks the first revival of the new production that debuted Monday, Sep. 27, 2021, under the directorship of James Robinson and Camille A. Brown are the production's directors. The American stage director and the American choreographer had made their Met Opera debuts Monday, Sep. 23, 2019, in the opera company's 55th performance of Gershwin's Porgy and Bess.

Co-director Camille A. Brown is the production's choreographer. Robinson and Brown's production team comprises Allen Moyer, set designer; Paul Tazewell, costume designer; Christopher Akerlind, lighting designer; and Greg Emetaz, projection designer. American set designer Allen Moyer made his Met Opera debut Wednesday, May 2, 2007, in the opera company's 83rd performance of Orfeo ed Euridice by German classical composer Christoph von Gluck (July 2, 1714-Nov. 15, 1787). American costume designer Paul Tazewell made his Met Opera debut Tuesday, Nov. 29, 2011, in the opera company's 734th performance of Faust by French composer Charles-François Gounod (June 17, 1818-Oct. 18, 1893). American lighting designer Christopher Akerlind made his Met Opera debut Friday, Nov. 10, 2006, in the opera company's 551st performance of Il Barbiere di Siviglia by Italian composer Gioachino Rossini (Feb. 29, 1792-Nov. 13, 1868). American projection designer Greg Emetaz made his Met Opera debut in the Metropolitan Opera premiere of Robinson and Brown's production of Blanchard's Fire Shut Up In My Bones.

John Adams's El Niño broadcasts May 4 at 1:00 p.m. as the 22nd of the 2023-2024 season's 27 Saturday matinee broadcasts. The April 27 Saturday matinee broadcast numbers as the second of seven performances for El Niño's Metropolitan Opera premiere.

Sir Donald Runnicles' global music career mixes conductorships at prestigious opera houses, such as Met Opera's Lincoln Center, with an annual summer commitment since 2005 as Music Director of the Grand Teton Music Festival (GTMF); the "sights and sounds" of the festival and of its setting in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, have spellbound, renewed and restored the Edinburghian Scottish conductor, according to his attestation on the "About" page of the festival's website (https://gtmf.org/donald-runnicles/): Grand Teton Music Festival, via Facebook July 12, 2023

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Met Opera's 2023-2024 season roster includes the first revival of American jazz musician and composer Terence Blanchard's 2021-2022-premiering Fire Shut Up in My Bones, directed by American stage director James Robinson and co-directed and choreographed by American choreographer and stage director Camille A. Brown; portrait of Camille A. Brown dancing in Lincoln Center Plaza's Revson Fountain against backdrop of the Metropolitan Opera House's lobby chandeliers, by Durham, North Carolina-based artist Jim Keon, Metropolitan Opera House, Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, Upper West Side of Manhattan, New York City: Camille A. Brown, via Facebook July 15, 2022, @ https://www.facebook.com/camilleabrownanddancers/posts/pfbid04F1Em2az5jqGgmoohj86mwLxXiRnMegUWgjUVB4y9UGofVTusxtMj3a4sn4aQn12l: Camille A. Brown, via Facebook July 15, 2022, @ https://www.facebook.com/camilleabrownanddancers/posts/pfbid04F1Em2az5jqGgmoohj86mwLxXiRnMegUWgjUVB4y9UGofVTusxtMj3a4sn4aQn12l

North Carolina-born maestro of American and German dual citizenship: portrait of Evan Rogister by Walter Olah: Evan Rogister, via Facebook Aug. 29, 2023, @ https://www.facebook.com/evanrogister/posts/641975064579340/; via Facebook Aug. 29, 2023, @ https://www.facebook.com/evanrogister/posts/641975064579340/

For further information:

Camille A. Brown. "THANK YOU for this amazing painting @drillboney!!! I am very honored!!! 'About the background: She is standing in the fountain at Lincoln Center and the burst is the chandelier from the Opera House, a nod to Miss Brown’s recent accomplishments with Fire Shut Up in My Bones. The title of the piece is Breaking Glass Ceilings' -- Jim McKeon." Facebook. July 15, 2022.
Available via Facebook @ https://www.facebook.com/camilleabrownanddancers/posts/pfbid04F1Em2az5jqGgmoohj86mwLxXiRnMegUWgjUVB4y9UGofVTusxtMj3a4sn4aQn12l
Available via Facebook July 15, 2022, @ https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=593630208872714&set=pb.100046772213975.-2207520000

"Debut: Evan Rogister." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 356804 Die Zauberflöte Metropolitan Opera House, Sat, November 25, 2017 Matinee. Debut: Evan Rogister. In English, translation by J. D. McClatchy. Die Zauberflöte (438) Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart / Emanuel Schikaneder.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=356747

"Debut: Frederick Ballentine, Chauncey Packer, Errin Duane Brooks, Reginald Smith, Jr., Jamez McCorkle, Damien Geter, Arthur Woodley, Grant Neale, Bobby Mittelstadt, Neo Randall, Jonathan Tuzo, James Robinson, Donald Holder, Luke Halls, Camille A. Brown, David Leong, Camille A. Brown, David Leong, David Leong." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 357217 Opening Night (135), New Production, General Manager: Peter Gelb Porgy and Bess Metropolitan Opera House, Mon, September 23, 2019 Broadcast. Debut: Frederick Ballentine, Chauncey Packer, Errin Duane Brooks, Reginald Smith, Jr., Jamez McCorkle, Damien Geter, Arthur Woodley, Grant Neale, Bobby Mittelstadt, Neo Randall, Jonathan Tuzo, James Robinson, Donald Holder, Luke Halls, Camille A. Brown, David Leong, Camille A. Brown, David Leong, David Leong. Porgy and Bess (55) George Gershwin / DuBose Heyward.
Available @ https://archives.metopera.org/MetOperaSearch/record.jsp?dockey=0386664

"Debut: Jonathan Beyer, Des McAnuff, Robert Brill, Paul Tazewell, Kelly Devine, Sean Nieuwenhuis." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 354183 New Production Faust Metropolitan Opera House, Tue, November 29, 2011 Broadcast. Debut: Jonathan Beyer, Des McAnuff, Robert Brill, Paul Tazewell, Kelly Devine, Sean Nieuwenhuis. Faust (734) Charles Gounod / Jules Barbier/Michel Carré.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=357253

"Debut: Latonia Moore." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 354395 Aida Metropolitan Opera House, Sat, March 3, 2012 Matinee Broadcast Matinee. Debut: Latonia Moore. Aida (1122) Giuseppe Verdi / Antonio Ghislanzoni.
Available @ https://archives.metopera.org/MetOperaSearch/record.jsp?dockey=0384949

"Debut: Mark Morris, Allen Moyer, Isaac Mizrahi." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 352019 New Production Orfeo ed Euridice Metropolitan Opera House, Wed, May 2, 2007. Debut: Mark Morris, Allen Moyer, Isaac Mizrahi. Orfeo ed Euridice (83) Christoph Willibald Gluck / Ranieri de' Calzabigi.
Available @ https://archives.metopera.org/MetOperaSearch/record.jsp?dockey=0383814

"Debut: Walter Russell III, Chris Kenney, Brittany Renee, Terrence Chin-Loy, Brianna Hunter, Cierra Byrd, Calvin Griffin." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 357410 Opening Night (136) Peter Gelb General Manager Metropolitan Opera Premiere Broadcast/Streamed/Times Squarecast/Harlem's Marcus Garvey Park Fire Shut Up In My Bones Metropolitan Opera House, Mon, September 27, 2021 Broadcast. Debut: Walter Russell III, Chris Kenney, Brittany Renee, Terrence Chin-Loy, Brianna Hunter, Cierra Byrd, Calvin Griffin. Fire Shut Up In My Bones (1) Terence Blanchard / Kasi Lemmons.
Available @ https://archives.metopera.org/MetOperaSearch/record.jsp?dockey=0386841

“Debuts: Alexander Soddy, Angel Blue, Duncan Rock.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 356747 La Bohème {1306} Metropolitan Opera House: 10/2/2017.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=356747

"Debuts: Des McAnuff, Robert Brill, Paul Tazewell, Kelly Devine, Sean Nieuwenhuis, Jonathan Beyer." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 354183 New Production Faust {734} Metropolitan Opera House: 11/29/2011.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=354183

"Debuts: James Robinson, Camille A. Brown, Frederick Ballentine, Chauncey Packer, Reginald Smith, Jr., Jamez McCorkle, Grant Neale, Bobby Mittelstadt, Damien Geter, Chanáe Curtis, David Leong, Arthur Woodley, Michael Lewis, Neo Randall, Jonathan Tuzo." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 357253 New Production Porgy and Bess {55} Metropolitan Opera House: 09/23/2019.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=357253

"Debuts: Bartlett Sher, Catherine Zuber, Christopher Akerlind, Rob Besserer." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 351644 New Production Il Barbiere di Siviglia {551} Metropolitan Opera House: 11/10/2006.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=351644

"Debuts: Mark Morris, Allen Moyer, Isaac Mizrahi." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 352019 New Production Orfeo ed Euridice {83} Metropolitan Opera House: 05/02/2007.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=352019

“Debuts: Ryan Speedo Green, Oriada Islami Prifti.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 354549 Turandot {287} Metropolitan Opera House: 09/26/2012.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=354549

"Debuts: Walter Russell III, Terrence Chin-Loy, Briana Hunter, Cierra Byrd, Chris Kenney, Calvin Griffin, Greg Emetaz, Brittany Renee." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 357471 Metropolitan Opera Premiere Fire Shut Up In My Bones {1} Metropolitan Opera House: 09/27/2021, Broadcast/Streamed/Times Squarecast/Harlem's Marcus Garvey Park. (Opening Night {136} Peter Gelb General Manager Debuts: Walter Russell III, Terrence Chin-Loy, Briana Hunter, Cierra Byrd, Chris Kenney, Calvin Griffin, Greg Emetaz, Brittany Renee Broadcast/Streamed/Times Squarecast/Harlem's Marcus Garvey Park). Metropolitan Opera House. September 27, 2021 Broadcast/Streamed/Times Squarecast/Harlem's Marcus Garvey Park. Opening Night (136) Peter Gelb General Manager. Metropolitan Opera Premiere.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=357471

Marriner, Derdriu. "Fire Shut Up In My Bones Is Jan. 8, 2022, Saturday Matinee Broadcast." Earth and Space News. Monday, Jan. 3, 2022.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/01/fire-shut-up-in-my-bones-is-jan-8-2022.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Met Opera Calendars 2023-2024 Season Operas Sep. 26 Through June 8." Earth and Space News. Monday, Sep. 18, 2023.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/09/met-opera-calendars-2023-2024-season.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Met Opera Newly Stages Carmen and La Forza del Destino in 2023-2024." Earth and Space News. Monday, Sep. 11, 2023.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/09/met-opera-newly-stages-carmen-and-la.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "The Metropolitan Opera Performs 18 Operas in the 2023-2024 Season." Earth and Space News. Monday, Aug. 21, 2023.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/08/the-metropolitan-opera-performs-18.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Metropolitan Opera Revives 12 Productions in 2023-2024 Season." Earth and Space News. Monday, Aug. 28, 2023.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/08/metropolitan-opera-revives-12.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Only Two of 11 Zeffirelli Productions Are Still Revived at Met Opera." Earth and Space News. Monday, May 25, 2020.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/05/only-two-of-11-zeffirelli-productions.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Saturday Matinee Broadcasts Include Six Special Programs in 2023-2024." Earth and Space News. Monday, Nov. 27, 2023.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/11/saturday-matinee-broadcasts-include-six.html

The Metropolitan Opera. "The Metropolitan Opera announces its 2023–24 season, with the most new works in the company’s modern history." The Metropolitan Opera > About > Press Releases. Feb. 22, 2023.
Available @ https://www.metopera.org/about/press-releases/the-metropolitan-opera-announces-its-202324-season-with-the-most-new-works-in-the-companys-modern-history/

“Metropolitan Opera Premiere: Fire Shut Up in My Bones." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 357410 Opening Night (136)Peter Gelb General ManagerMetropolitan Opera PremiereBroadcast/Streamed/Times Squarecast/Harlem's Marcus Garvey Park Fire Shut Up In My Bones Metropolitan Opera House, Mon, September 27, 2021 Broadcast. Debut: Walter Russell III, Chris Kenney, Brittany Renee, Terrence Chin-Loy, Brianna Hunter, Cierra Byrd, Calvin Griffin. Fire Shut Up In My Bones (1) Terence Blanchard / Kasi Lemmons.
Available @ https://archives.metopera.org/MetOperaSearch/record.jsp?dockey=0386841

Friday, April 19, 2024

The Mystery of the Acid Soil by Kate Mosse Acquaints Us With Phacelia

Summary: The Mystery of the Acid Soil short story by Kate Mosse for Marple: Twelve New Mysteries copyrighted by Agatha Christie Limited acquaints us with Phacelia.

"God talks to human beings through many vectors: through each other, through organized religion, through the great books of those religions, through wise people, through art and music and literature and poetry, but nowhere with such detail and grace and color and joy as through creation. When we destroy a species, when we destroy a special place, we're diminishing our capacity to sense the divine, understand who God is and what our own potential is." Robert Francis Kennedy Jr., April 19, 2023, Boston Park Plaza Hotel, Back Bay, Boston, Massachusetts.

“And there’s many people out there who want us to move to the next planet already and I’m like, hang on, let’s not give up on this planet yet," William, Prince of Wales, July 31, 2023, Sorted Food food truck, London, England, United Kingdom.

Baffin Bay agrees as Wild March with Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2024, whereby the National Audubon Society applauds Arctic and near-Arctic American wildlife.

The Mystery of the Acid Soil, short story by Kate Mosse for Marple: Twelve New Mysteries copyrighted by Agatha Christie Limited, acquaints us with such acid soil-appreciating plants as the genus Phacelia.

Agatha Christie Limited brings us Sep. 13, 2022, to its 14-book Marple Collection, the latest being Marple: Twelve New Mysteries, beneath HarperCollins Publishers’ William Morrow imprint. Kate Mosse crafts pages 299-300, 301-306, 306-313, 313-317, 317-320, 320-321, 321-323, 323-325, 326-327 and 327-333 into 10 configurations to convey her contribution, the 10th, next-last chapter. All denizens but one denizen described by first, genus name alone and but another denizen discerned by first, genus and second, species names domicile common names.

Clematis crispa and Phacelia (from Greek κλῆμα, “branch, twig” and Latin crispa, “crimped, curly, tremulous”; φάκελος, “bundle”) respectively elaborate buttercup-family genus and species and borage-family genus.

Tracheophyte- (from Greek τραχεῖα ἀρτηρία φυτά, “windpipe artery plants”) clade vascular tissues furnish Phacelia species energizing, omnidirection-flowing, photosynthetic starches and sugars and soil-extracted, solubilizing, upward-flowing nutrients.

Tracheophyte cladeship grants Phacelia-genus species reproductive spores, 9-11 per-cell chromosomes and, like angiosperm- (from Greek ἀγγεῖον σπέρμα, “container[ized] seed”) clade members, true leaves, roots and stems. Flowering-plant cladeship honors bell-, bowl-, tube-shaped, sepaled (from Latin sēparātus petalum, “[bud-holding] separate petal” via sēpalum), two-gendered flowers before embryonic, outer-coated seeds within warm weather-harvestable fruits. Eudicot- (from Greek εὖ- δῐ- κοτυληδών, “good two cup[-like] cavity”) clade membership includes such flowering plants as borage-order, borage-family members that integrate two germinated seed leaves.

The Mystery of the Acid Soil by Kate Mosse jubilates Phacelia, Boraginales and Boraginaceae (from Latin burra -ālis, “shaggy-garmented”; borāgō -āceae, “borage [Borago officinalis] -resembling”) member.

Borage- and forget-me-not-order and family kinship kindles alternate-kept, gray-green, narrow-sided, pinnate (from Latin pinna, “feathered”; -ātus, “-ed”), straight-stemmed leaves with calcium carbonate- and silicon dioxide-keeping hairs.

The native lodger of North and South America likewise launches skin allergies from calcium carbonate- and silicon dioxide-laden hairs lined along maximally 4-foot- (1.22-meter-) long stems. The annual and the perennial herbs manage spring- and summer-manifesting sepals maintaining blue, green, orange, pink, purple, white or yellow lobes perhaps 2 months after sowing. The borage and the forget-me-not family nestles its Hydrophylloideae (from Greek ῠ̔́δωρ φύλλον, “water leaf”; Latin -oideae, “-resembling”) water-leaf subfamily members atop thick, underground tap roots.

The genus Phacelia offers The Mystery of the Acid Soil by Kate Mosse nutritious calcium and nitrogen obtained from area soil for soil food web members.

Waterleaf-subfamily membership presents the genus Phacelia with that taproot and those nutrients along with bisexual, two-gendered flowers each with five ray-like sepals and with five stamens.

The genus Phacelia quarters as common names heliotrope (from Greek ἥλῐος τρόπος, “sun turn”) and scorpionweed because of how its flowers and its fruits physically queue. Calcium- and nitrogen-retrieving and rendering Phacelia, recognized by Antoine Laurent de Jussieu (April 12, 1748-Sep. 17, 1836), requires cool-summer, fertile, mild-winter, sunny, 30-centimeter (11.81-inch), well-drained ranges. Drupe- (from Greek δρύππᾱ, “overripe olive” via Latin drūpa, “wrinkled olive”) shorn, soil-sequestered seeds suggest minus 50-degree-Fahrenheit (minus 45.6-degree-Celsius) sites outdoors-sown pre-spring and pre-fall frost dates.

The Mystery of the Acid Soil by Kate Mosse treats us to the terminal, thick-trooping flowers and the nutrient-transmitting tissues of freeze-, heat- and humidity-intolerant Phacelia.

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Kate Mosse in The Mystery of the Acid Soil addresses only two acid soil-appreciating plants by scientific appellation. She affirms common-named heliotrope and scorpion-weed scientifically as Phacelia (from Greek φάκελος, “bundle”); illustration of "Phacelia Tanacetifolia Tansy-Leaved Phacelia" by Glasgow, Scotland-born botanical illustrator Walter Hood Fitch (Feb. 28, 1817-Jan. 14, 1892) in Curtis's Botanical Magazine, vol. XII of the new series (1839), Plate 3703: Biodiversity Heritage Library (BioDivLibrary), Public Domain, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/biodivlibrary/8386428831; Public Domain, via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/433218; Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Curtis’s_botanical_magazine_(Plate_3703)_-_clean_(Phacelia_tanacetifolia).jpg

Kate Mosse in The Mystery of the Acid Soil only applies the first, genus, scientific appellation to common-named heliotrope and scorpion-weed. Perhaps Jane Marple arranged as Phacelia specimens blue tansy, fiddleneck, purple tansy the second-, species-named Phacelia tanacetifolia; "Phacelia tanacetifolia, Tansy-leaved Phacelia," with ovarium's two-parted hairy style (figure 1; lower left) and 10 scales near base of cut-open corolla (figure 2; lower right), drawn by Miss Drake (English botanical illustrator Sarah Anne Drake, nicknamed "Ducky"; July 24, 1803–July 9, 1857) in Edwards's Botanical Register, new series vol. VII (MDCCCXXXV [1835]), Plate 1696: Internet Archive Book Images, Public Domain, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/internetarchivebookimages/20984858588/; Not in copyright, via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/edwardsbotanical20edwa/page/n189/mode/1up; Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edwards'_botanical_register,_or,_Ornamental_flower-garden_and_shrubbery_.._(1829-1847)_(20984858588).jpg

For further information:

Brickell, Christopher; and Trevor Cole. (Editors-in-Chief). 2002. "Clematis Old man's beard, Travelers' joy." Pages 521-524. The American Horticultural Society Encyclopedia of Plants & Flowers. New York NY: DK Publishing, Inc.

Brickell, Christopher; and Trevor Cole. (Editors-in-Chief). 2002. "Phacelia." Page 628. The American Horticultural Society Encyclopedia of Plants & Flowers. New York NY: DK Publishing, Inc.

"Clematis crispa." Page 387. In: Hogan, Sean (Chief Consultant). 2003. Flora A Gardener's Encyclopedia. Volume I A-K. Portland Or: Timber Press, Inc.

Cranshaw, Whitney. 2004. "Clematis Chewing insects: margined blister beetle, twobanded Japanese weevil. Sucking insects: garden fleahopper, green peach aphid." Page 588. In: Appendix of Host Plant Genera and Associated Insects and Mites." Pages 577-627. Garden Insects of North America: The Ultimate Guide to Backyard Bugs. Princeton NJ; and Woodstock Oxfordshire UK: Princeton University Press.

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 April 2024. "Clematis Crispa Appears in The Mystery of the Acid Soil by Kate Mosse." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/04/clematis-crispa-appears-in-mystery-of.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 April 2024. "The Mystery of the Acid Soil by Kate Mosse Allows Jane Marple Drinks." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/04/the-mystery-of-acid-soil-by-kate-mosse.html#google_vignette

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 March 2024. "The Mystery of the Acid Soil by Kate Mosse Airs Birds and Butterflies." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/03/the-mystery-of-acid-soil-by-kate-mosse.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 March 2024. "Tea Leaves Are Safer in The Mystery of the Acid Soil by Kate Mosse." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/03/tea-leaves-are-safer-in-mystery-of-acid.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 March 2024. "Jane Marple Ambles About The Mystery of the Acid Soil by Kate Mosse." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/03/jane-marple-ambles-about-mystery-of.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 March 2024. "The Mystery of the Acid Soil Avails Us of Jane Marple by Kate Mosse." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/03/the-mystery-of-acid-soil-avails-us-of.html

Mosse, Kate. 2022. "The Mystery of the Acid Soil." Pages 299-333. In: Agatha Christie. Marple: Twelve New Mysteries. New York NY: William Morrow Imprint, HarperCollins Publishers.

"Phacelia." Pages 1016-1018. In: Hogan, Sean (Chief Consultant). 2003. Flora A Gardener's Encyclopedia. Volume I A-K. Portland Or: Timber Press, Inc.

Sheng, Lu; Kongshu Ji; and Liangliang Yu. 24 September 2014. "Karyotype analysis on 11 species of the genus Clematis." Brazilian Journal of Botany 37(2). Springer. Received 11 March 2014. Accepted 1 September 2014. Published online 24 September 2014. Copyrighted 2014 Botanical Society of Sao Paulo. DOI 10.1007/s40415-014-0099-5
Available @ https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ji-Kongshu/publication/280713109_Karyotype_analysis_on_11_species_of_the_genus_Clematis/links/5d9df87e299bf13f40d0c881/Karyotype-analysis-on-11-species-of-the-genus-Clematis.pdf

Sugiura, T. 1940. "Studies on the Chromosome Numbers in Higher Plants. IV." Cytologia 10: 324-333.
Available @ https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/cytologia1929/10/3/10_3_324/_pdf/-char/ja

Tenenbaum, Frances. (Ed.) "Clematis." Pages 98-100. In: Encyclopedia of Garden Plqnts. Taylor's Guides to Gardening. Boston MA; New York NY: Houghton Mifflin Company.

Tenenbaum, Frances. (Ed.) "Phacelia." Page 297. In: Encyclopedia of Garden Plqnts. Taylor's Guides to Gardening. Boston MA; New York NY: Houghton Mifflin Company.

Wednesday, April 17, 2024

Three Named Craters Distinguish Central Floor in Gusev Crater on Mars

Summary: The three named craters of Castril, Crivitz and Thira distinguish the central floor in the Martian southern hemisphere's Gusev Crater.

Detail from Aeolis, MC-23, shows (left to right) Crivitz, Castril and Thira as three floor craters in central Gusev Crater in the Martian southern hemisphere; Base image: THEMIS IR Day mosaic by USGS, ASU Margin image: THEMIS IR Global Mosac v11.6, ASU Colorized Topography: MOLA Elevation Model, GSFC Date of Last Nomenclature Update: Nov. 9, 2022: via IAU (International Astronomical Union) and USGS ASC (U.S. Geological Survey Astrogeology Science Center)

The three named craters of Castril, Crivitz and Thira distinguish the central floor of Gusev Crater, a large impact crater located in the Aeolis quadrangle in the Martian southern hemisphere.

Gusev Crater occurs in the southeastern quadrant of Aeolis quadrangle. Designated as Mars Chart 23 (MC-23), the Aeolis quadrangle numbers among the 30 cartographic quadrangles of the Martian surface created by the United States Geological Survey (USGS).

Gusev Crater is centered at minus 14.53 degrees south latitude, 175.52 degrees west longitude, according to the International Astronomical Union’s (IAU) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. The impact crater achieves its northernmost and southernmost latitudes at minus 13.20 degrees south and minus 15.86 degrees south, respectively. It attains its easternmost and westernmost longitudes at 176.91 degrees east and 174.15 degrees east, respectively. Gusev Crater's diameter spans 158.12 kilometers.

Castril, Crivitz and Thira distinguish Gusev Crater's central interior as three variously-sized floor craters. Crivitz is positioned as the trio's westernmost component. Castril dips approximately midway between Crivitz and the trio's easternmost member, Thira.

Crivitz Crater is centered at minus 14.55 degrees south latitude, 174.79 degrees east longitude. The trio's westernmost crater finds its northernmost and southernmost latitudes at minus 14.50 degrees south and minus 14.60 degrees south, respectively. It obtains its easternmost and westernmost longitudes at 174.85 degrees east and 174.74 degrees east, respectively. Crivitz Crater has a diameter of 6.19 kilometers.

Castril Crater is sited southeast of Crivitz Crater and southwest of Thira Crater. Castril Crater is centered at minus 14.70 degrees south latitude, 175.30 degrees east longitude. The trio's middle member establishes its northernmost and southernmost latitudes at minus 14.68 degrees south and minus 14.72 degrees south, respectively. It marks its easternmost and westernmost longitudes at 175.32 degrees east and 175.28 degrees east, respectively. Castril Crater's diameter of 2.19 kilometers qualifies it as the trio's smallest crater.

Thira Crater (center left) is large crater on Gusev Crater's central interior floor in southward-looking simulated view of mosaic obtained by 2001 Mars Odyssey robotic spacecraft orbiter camera system; large ancient river channel Ma'adim Vallis (top left) enters Gusev by breaching southeastern rim's New Plymouth Crater (top center, at Ma'adim's west bank); mosaic's daytime infrared images of Gusev Crater, which cover approximately 180 kilometers (110 miles) on each side, is centered near minus 14 degrees south latitude, 175 degrees east longitude; image credit NASA/JPL-Caltech/Arizona State University; Thursday, March 13, 2003: via NASA Science Mars Exploration

Thira Crater's placement on Gusev Crater's central eastern floor qualifies as the trio's most northerly- and most easterly-positioned member. Thira Crater's interior floor presents "smooth volcanic plains," according to planetary geologists David A. Crown, James W. Rice, Steven W. Ruff and Stephen P. Scheidt and senior research associate Frank C. Chuang in "Geologic Mapping of Gusev Crater, Mars: Gusev Rim and Floor Characteristics," presented at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and U.S. Geological Survey's 2021 Annual Meeting of Planetary Geologic Mappers (PGM), which was held virtually Monday, June 14, to Tuesday, June 15.

Thira Crater is centered at minus 14.47 degrees south latitude, 175.98 degrees east longitude. It registers its northernmost and southernmost latitudes at minus 14.29 degrees south and minus 14.66 degrees south, respectively. It records its easternmost and westernmost longitudes at 176.17 degrees east and 175.79 degrees east, respectively. Thira Crater's diameter of 21.84 kilometers qualifies it as the trio's largest crater.

Gusev Crater's name honors 19th-century Russian astronomer Matvey Matveyevich Gusev (Russian: Матве́й Матве́евич Гу́сев; Nov. 28 [O.S. Nov. 16], 1826-April 22 [O.S. April 10], 1866). Gusev Crater received formal name approval in 1976 during the International Astronomical Union’s XVIth (16th) General Assembly, which was held Tuesday, Aug. 24, to Tuesday, Sept. 21, in Grenoble, France.

Interior crater Thira's name honors the "Town on Santorini Island in the Aegean Sea," according to the Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. Thira is the capital (Ancient Greek: Θήρα, Thira) of Santorini (Ancient Greek: Σαντορίνη, Santorini), the largest island in the south Aegean Sea's Santorini archipelago. The approval was dated 1997, during the IAU's XXIII (23rd) General Assembly, which was held Monday, Aug. 18, to Saturday, Aug. 30, in Kyoto, Japan.

Crivitz honors the "Town in Germany." Criviz is located in northeastern Germany's state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (MV; Mecklenburg–Western Pomerania). The crater's German town-honoring name was approved in 2003. The IAU's XXV (25th) General Assembly was held from Saturday, July 12, to Saturday, July 26, 2003, in Sydney, Australia.

Castril honors the "Town in Spain." Castril is a municipality in Southern Spain's province of Granada (Spanish: Provincia de Granada). Castril received name approval in 2006. The IAU's XXVI (26th) General Assembly was held in Prague, Czech Republic, from Monday, Aug. 14, to Saturday, Aug. 25, 2006.

Overhead view, obtained by 2001 Mars Odyssey robotic orbiter's Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS), suggests Thira Crater's youthfulness with smooth volcanic plains and defined edges and features (upper right) in contrast with possibly buried crater (lower left); Castril Crater lies north of buried crater and west-southwest of Thira Crater; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Photojournal, "PIA06019: A Buried Crater?" Image Credit: NASA/JPL/ASU. Image Addition Date: 2004-06-03: via NASA JPL Photojournal

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Andersen, J. (Johannes), ed. XXIIIrd General Assembly Transactions of the IAU Vol. XXIII B Proceedings of the 23rd General Assembly Kyoto, Japan, August 18-30, 1997. Alphen aan den Rijn, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, Jan. 1, 1999.
Available via IAU @ https://www.iau.org/publications/iau/transactions_b/

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Castril.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > Mars > Mars. Last updated Nov. 17, 2010 9:58 a.m.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/1051

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Crivitz.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > Mars > Mars. Last updated Nov. 17, 2010 9:58 a.m.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/1335

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Thira.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > Mars > Mars. Last updated Nov. 17, 2010 9:58 a.m.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/5973

Jet Propulsion Laboratory. "PIA06019: A Buried Crater?" NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Photojournal. Image Credit: NASA/JPL/ASU. Image Addition Date: 2004-06-03.
Available via NASA JPL Photojournal @ https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA06019

Marriner, Derdriu. "Gusev Crater in Southern Mars Honors Russian Astronomer Matvey Gusev." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, April 10, 2024.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/04/three-named-craters-distinguish-central.html

Müller, E. (Edith); and A. (Arnost) Jappel, eds. XVIth General Assembly Transactions of the IAU Vol. XVI B Proceedings of the 16th General Assembly Grenoble, France, August 24-September 21, 1976. Cambridge UK: Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Jan. 1, 1977.
Available via IAU @ https://www.iau.org/publications/iau/transactions_b/

Plataforma SINC. "Santorini volcano, a new terrestrial analogue of Mars." Phys.org > Astronomy & Space > Space Exploration. June 25, 2019.
Available via Phys.org @ https://phys.org/news/2019-06-santorini-volcano-terrestrial-analogue-mars.html

van der Hucht, Karel, ed. XXVIth General Assembly Transactions of the IAU Vol. XXVI B Proceedings of the 26th General Assembly Prague, Czech Republic, August 14-25, 2006. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press, Dec. 30, 2008.
Available @ https://www.iau.org/publications/iau/transactions_b/