Cleopatra Painting in Pompeii May Copy Statue in Venus Genetrix Temple

Summary: Marcus Fabius Rufus house's hidden Cleopatra painting in Pompeii may copy a statue in the Venus Genetrix Temple, Rome, dedicated in 46 BCE by Caesar.

The painting of Cleopatra and her first son, Caesarion, depicted as Roman goddess Venus in her maternal aspect as Venus Genetrix (Latin: Genetrix, "mother, ancestress") with son, Cupid, has been likened to the lost statue of Cleopatra installed in the Temple of Venus Genetrix for Julius Caesar's Sep. 26, 46 BCE, dedication of the temple and his namesake forum, Forum Iulium (Forum of the Iulius; also Forum Caesaris, Forum of Caesar), in Rome; room 71, House of Marcus Fabius Rufus (Marco Fabio Rufo), Pompeii; created via UploadWizard, Saturday, April 19, 2008, 13:52: PericlesofAthens, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Marcus Fabius Rufus house's hidden Cleopatra painting in Pompeii may copy a statue in the Venus Genetrix Temple that Julius Caesar dedicated at his namesake forum in Rome in September 46 BCE.

The painting of a Mother With Child that is hidden behind a later-dated wall in Pompeii's House of Marcus Fabius Rufus represents Ptolemaic Queen Cleopatra VII Philopator (Ancient Greek: Κλεοπάτρα Φιλοπάτωρ, Kleopatra Philopator; ca. 69-Aug. 10 or 12, 30 BCE) as Venus Genetrix (Venus the Mother) and her first child, Ptolemy XV Caesar Philopator Philometor (Ancient Greek: Πτολεμαῖος Καῖσαρ Φιλοπάτωρ Φιλομήτωρ, Ptolemaios Kaisar Philopator Philometor, "Ptolemy Caesar, Beloved of his Father, Beloved of his Mother"; 47-30 BCE), known as Caesarion (Ancient Greek: Καισαρίων, Kaisarion, "Little Caesar"), as Venus's son, Cupid, according to archaeologist Susan Walker (born Sep. 11, 1948) in "Cleopatra in Pompeii?", published in the November 2008 issue of Papers of the British School at Rome (page 35). The dedication of his Forum Iulium (Forum of the Iulius; Julius Caesar's paternal gens Iulia lineage) and Temple of Venus Genetrix, with adjacent statues of Venus and Cleopatra, on Sep. 26, 46 BCE, in Rome by Roman general and statesman Gaius Julius Caesar (July 12 or 13, 100-March 15, 44 BCE) most likely inspired the painting in Pompeii.

The location of the House of Marcus Fabius Rufus (Marco Fabio Rufo) is specified as Regione VII (region one), Insula 16 (block 16), Domus (house number) 22. Italian architect Giuseppe Fiorelli (June 7, 1823-Jan. 28, 1896), who supervised excavations of the ancient city from 1860 to 1875, devised the methodology of precise identification with a set of three numbers. He divided Pompeii into nine regions (Latin: regiones), numbered from I (1) to IX (9) in Roman numerals. Each region (Latin: regio) subdivided into blocks (Latin: insula, "block"; insulae, "blocks") that are distinguished by Western Arabic numerals beginning with 1 upward. Western Arabic numerals from 1 upward are assigned to building entrances in each insula.

The occurrence of House of Marcus Fabius Rufus in Regio VII places the dwelling in the southern half of Insula Occidentalis (western insula), which comprises Regio VI and Regio VII in the city's western sector. Via della Fortuna Augusta and Via Marina define Regio VII's northern and southern boundaries, respectively, according to Peter and Michael Clements' website, AD79 (AD79 > Pompeii > Regio VII).

Regio VII counts 16 insulae. The House of Marcus Fabius Rufus occupies Insula 16, which mixes commercial and domestic sites and marks Regio VII's western extent. Vico del Farmacista and Vico dei Soprastant trace Insula 16's eastern limit (AD79 > Pompeii > Regio VII > Tour of Regio VII).

Insula 16 numbers 22 entrances. Number 22 is assigned to the vast, multilevel House of Marcus Fabius Rufus.

The imposing dwelling projects vertically over at least four levels. Western façade terraces offer panoramic views of the Bay of Naples (Italian: baia di napoli; also golfo di Napoli, "Gulf of Naples").

A room number system used by historian Masanori Aoyagi and classical archaeologists Mario Grimaldi and Umberto Pappalardo has assigned 71 to a cubiculum (Latin: cubō, "lie down" + -culum, diminutive suffix) in the southwestern corner of the first lower floor in the House of Marcus Fabius Rufus. Room 71 faces west toward a corridor (72) and a grand salon (74) with sea views, as described by Susan Walker (page 38).

An excavational discovery of an enclosure behind Room 71's seeming east wall slightly enlarges the cubiculum and reveals a hidden, motherly portrait that reaches to the barrel vaulted wall's springs or springlines, i.e., the arch's rising points from vertical supports. Analyzed as Cleopatra and Caesarion posed as maternal Venus with Cupid, the high-quality portrait might signal the room's use as a shrine rather than a sleeping room (page 38).

The long-necked setting of the elegant female's aquiline nose and deep-set rounded eyes in a round face evoke facial features in Ptolemaic and Roman Alexandrian deific depictions (page 40). The head of the painting's goddess-Ptolemaic queen closely resembles a marble head discovered during 1783-1784 excavations at the Villa of the Quintilii (Italian: Villa dei Quintili), an ancient Roman villa sited between Via Appia Antica and Via Appia Nuova. The marble head represents Cleopatra and replicates her statue in Forum Iulium's Temple of Venus Genetrix, according to identifications that Susan Walker (page 40) credits to German archaeologist Ludwig Curtius (Dec. 13, 1874-April 10, 1954) in ""Ikonographische Beiträge zum Porträt der Römischen Republik und der Julisch-Claudischen Familie," published in Römische Mitteilungen in 1933 (pages 182-192).

The inspiration for the painted and sculpted likenesses has disappeared in two millennia that have elapsed since the statue's dedication Sep. 26, 46 BCE. Also, no helpful, specific descriptions of the statue exist.

Caesar ". . . placed a beautiful image of Cleopatra by the side of the goddess, . . ." (HR XIV, BCII.X.102, page 417), assessed Greek-born, later Roman citizen, writer Appian of Alexandria (Ancient Greek: Ἀππιανὸς Ἀλεξανδρεύς, Appianòs Alexandreýs; ca. 95-ca. 165 CE) in the De Bellis Civilibus (Of the Civil Wars) section of his Greek-language, 24-volume work, Historia Romana (Roman History).

Cleopatra ". . . is seen in gold in the shrine of Venus," noted Roman historian Lucius Cassius Dio (ca. 155-235 CE), known as Dio Cassius, in Roman History (Ῥωμαϊκὴ Ἱστορία, Historia Romana), his historical compendium of ancient Rome, written in Greek (Dio's Roman History, Vol. VI, Book LI.22, page 65).

Unfortunately, reconstruction of the lost statue of Cleopatra requires more than the admiring details of "beautiful" and "golden." Yet, imagination may glimpse the lost statue in associative artworks, such as the Pompeiian painting and the Quintilii marble head.

The marble bust of Cleopatra VII found during excavations at the Villa of the Quintilii has been likened to the lost statue of Cleopatra that Julius Caesar commissioned for the Temple of Venus Genetrix that was included in his namesake forum in Rome; the ca. 40-30 BCE bust is displayed in the Vatican Museum's (Musei Vaticani) Gregorian Profane Museum (Museo Gregoriano Profano); Friday, May 9, 2008, 14:11: Sergey Sosnovskiy (Ancientrome.ru), CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

The painting of Cleopatra and her first son, Caesarion, depicted as Roman goddess Venus in her maternal aspect as Venus Genetrix (Latin: Genetrix, "mother, ancestress") with son, Cupid, has been likened to the lost statue of Cleopatra installed in the Temple of Venus Genetrix for Julius Caesar's Sep. 26, 46 BCE, dedication of the temple and his namesake forum, Forum Iulium (Forum of the Iulius; also Forum Caesaris, Forum of Caesar), in Rome; room 71, House of Marcus Fabius Rufus (Marco Fabio Rufo), Pompeii; created via UploadWizard, Saturday, April 19, 2008, 13:52: PericlesofAthens, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Venus_and_Cupid_from_the_House_of_Marcus_Fabius_Rufus_at_Pompeii,_most_likely_a_depiction_of_Cleopatra_VII_(2).jpg

The marble bust of Cleopatra VII found during excavations at the Villa of the Quintilii has been likened to the lost statue of Cleopatra that Julius Caesar commissioned for the Temple of Venus Genetrix that was included in his namesake forum in Rome; the ca. 40-30 BCE bust is displayed in the Vatican Museum's (Musei Vaticani) Gregorian Profane Museum (Museo Gregoriano Profano); Friday, May 9, 2008, 14:11: Sergey Sosnovskiy (Ancientrome.ru), CC BY SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cleopatra_VII,_Marble,_40-30_BC,_Vatican_Museums_001.jpg; Sergey Sosnovskiy, CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Ancientrome.ru @ http://ancientrome.ru/art/artworken/img.htm?id=6364

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Julienne Resides in Mare Imbrium's Palus Putredinis on Lunar Near Side

Summary: Julienne resides in Mare Imbrium's Palus Putredinis on the lunar near side as a northeast quadrant craterlet southwest of the Apollo 15 Landing Site.

Detail of Near Side Shaded Relief and Color-Coded Topography Map shows Julienne's (center; above Rima Hadley) Palus Putredinis neighborhood in lunar near side's southeastern Mare Imbrium: USGS Astrogeology Science Center / Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature

Julienne is centered at 26.06 degrees north latitude, 3.13 degrees east longitude, according to the International Astronomical Union's (IAU) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. The depression's northernmost and southernmost latitudes are listed as 26.09 degrees north and 26.03 degrees north, respectively. Its easternmost and westernmost longitudes are given as 3.14 degrees east and 3.11 degrees east, respectively. Julienne has a diameter of 1.8 kilometers.

Dumbbell- or peanut-shaped Julienne is situated in the southeastern reaches of Palus Putredinis. Palus (Latin: "marsh, swamp") is a geological feature defined by the Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature's Descriptor Terms (Feature Types) webpage as: "'Swamp'; small plain."

Palus Putredinis ("Marsh of Decay") is centered at 27.36 degrees north latitude, 0 degrees of longitude. The small, lava-flooded plain achieves its northernmost and southernmost latitudes at 29.4 degrees north and 25.31 degrees north, respectively. The northern hemisphere plain maintains its easternmost and westernmost longitudes at 2.85 degrees north and minus 2.77 degrees south, respectively. Palus Putredinis has a diameter of 180.45 kilometers.

Palus Putredinis is located in southeastern Mare Imbrium. The lunar mare (Latin: "sea"; maria, "seas") extends its territory across the lunar prime meridian of 0 degrees of longitude to establish occupancy in both the northwestern and northeastern quadrants.

Mare Imbrium ("Sea of Showers") is centered at 34.72 degrees north latitude, minus 14.91 degrees west longitude. Its northernmost and southernmost latitudes span 51.46 degrees north to 15.23 degrees north, respectively. Its easternmost and westernmost longitudes tap 8.56 degrees east and minus 38.36 degrees west, respectively. Mare Imbrium's diameter spans 1,145.53 kilometers.

Julienne is located to the west of Rima Hadley. The fissure (Latin: rima, "fissure") trends south-north in its sinuous parallel of its eastern neighbor, Montes Apenninus.

Rima Hadley is centered at 25.72 degrees north latitude, 3.15 degrees east longitude. The rille (German: "channel") records northernmost and southernmost latitudes of 26.7 degrees north and 24.53 degrees north, respectively. Hadley Rille registers easternmost and westernmost longitudes of 3.58 degrees east and 2.26 degrees east, respectively. Rima Hadley's diameter measures 116.09 kilometers.

Hadley C lies south-southwest of Julienne. Part of the crater's eastern side makes contact with Rima Hadley.

Hadley C is centered at 25.48 degrees north, 2.8 degrees east longitude. The crater marks its northernmost and southernmost latitudes at 25.58 degrees north and 25.39 degrees north, respectively. It posts easternmost and westernmost longitudes of 2.91 degrees east and 2.7 degrees east, respectively. Hadley C's diameter measures 5.8 kilometers.

St. George is situated to the southeast of Julienne. The craterlet overlooks the eastern side of Rima Hadley from its location on the northwestern flank of Mons Hadley Delta, a massif in northern Montes Apenninus.

St. George is centered at 25.96 degrees north latitude, 3.54 degrees east longitude. The depression obtains its northernmost and southernmost latitudes at 26 degrees north and 25.92 degrees north, respectively. It places its easternmost and westernmost longitudes at 3.58 degrees east and 3.5 degrees east, respectively. St. George has a diameter of 2.42 kilometers.

The Apollo 15 Landing Site, Hadley Base, is found to the northeast of Julienne, on the opposite side of Rima Hadley. Lunar Module (LM) Falcon landed Friday, July 30, 1971, on the lava plain east of Rima Hadley, north of Mons Hadley Delta and southwest of Mons Hadley.

Mons Hadley Delta is centered at 25.72 degrees north latitude, 3.71 degrees east longitude. The massif establishes its northernmost and southernmost latitudes at 25.99 degrees north and 25.44 degrees north, respectively. It finds its easternmost and westernmost longitudes at 3.86 degrees east and 3.46 degrees east, respectively. Mons Hadley Delta's diameter measures 17.24 kilometers.

Mons Hadley juts westward toward southeastern Mare Imbrium. British selenographer Thomas Gwyn Empy Elger (Oct. 27, 1836-Jan. 9, 1897) described Mount Hadley as: "The northern extremity of the Apennines" (page 156) in his Victorian era lunar guide (1895), The Moon: A Full Description and Map of Its Principal Physical Features.

Mons Hadley is centered at 26.69 degrees north latitude, 4.12 degrees east longitude. The massif reports northernmost and southernmost latitudes of 27.13 degrees north and 26.32 degrees north, respectively. Its easternmost and westernmost longitudes are detailed as 4.4 degrees east and 3.74 degrees east, respectively. Mons Hadley's diameter measures 26.4 kilometers.

Julienne numbers among 95 minor features identified with first-name designations on lunar topophotomaps prepared and published by The Defense Mapping Agency (DMA) for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Julienne is plotted on NASA Lunar Topophotomap 41B4S1, which was published in November 1974. The map's Names Information lists "Julienne" as unofficial name used "only for the identification of features on this map."

The International Astronomical Union approved Julienne as the craterlet's official name in 1976. The Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature originates Julienne as: "French female name."

Detail of Lunar Aeronautical Chart (LAC) 39 shows Boris's (center) Delisle Crater neighborhood in lunar near side's west central Mare Imbrium: image credit NASA/GSFC/ASU, via USGS Astrogeology Science Center / Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Detail of Near Side Shaded Relief and Color-Coded Topography Map shows Julienne's (lower center) Palus Putredinis neighborhood in lunar near side's southeastern Mare Imbrium: USGS Astrogeology Science Center / Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/images/moon_nearside.pdf

Detail of Lunar Aeronautical Chart (LAC) 41 shows Julienne's (lower center) southeastern Palus Putredinis neighborhood in lunar near side's southeastern Mare Imbrium: image credit NASA/GSFC/ASU, via USGS Astrogeology Science Center / Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/images/Lunar/lac_41_wac.pdf

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International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Mare Imbrium.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
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Locals and Tourists Adore Fish and Theatre in Snjóblinda, as Snowblind

Summary: Locals and tourists adore fish and theatre in Snjóblinda, as Snowblind, first thriller in the Dark Iceland sextet authored by Ragnar Jónasson.

Siglufjarðarkirkja (Romanized Siglufjardarkirkja, Siglufjördur [“mast, sailing fjord” literally]) Church, whose bell tower anchors locals and tourists in the downtown area associated with such attractions as the fish shop and the Theatre, acts as venue for the funeral Saturday, Jan. 17, 2009, of Hrólfur (“glory wolf”) Kristjánsson ("Christ-bearer's son"), 91-year-old (Aug. 10, 1917-Jan. 9, 2009) Siglufjördur Amateur Dramatic Society chair and writer of one novel, North of the Hills, with its adored Verses for Linda and sparse poetry and short stories. Perhaps the service affects Anna Einarsdóttir ("mercy one-warrior's daughter") more than other attendees. The 24-year-old Akureyri ("sandbank field") Hospital part-time employee, Co-op part-time worker, Dramatic Society actress, girlfriend of 43-year-old Karl Steindór Einarsson ("army stone-thunder one-army's son") and primary schoolteacher applicant perhaps assumes as imminent arranging a funeral service for her grandfather, as ailing Akureyri Hospital patient; Sep. 24, 2019, image of Siglufjörður Lutheran Church: Kasa Fue, CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons

Locals and tourists adore fish and theatre in Snjóblinda, as Snowblind, first thriller in the Dark Iceland sextet Siglufjörður (Romanized Siglufjördur, “mast, sailing fjord”) Detective Inspector Ari Thór Arason by Ragnar Jónasson.

Commercial flight brings Ari Thór Arason (“eagle thunder eagle’s son”) from west Reykjavík’s (“smoky bay”) Öldugata (“century street”) housing and Keflavík (“driftwood bay”) airport’s police-force training. Police Sergeant-in-Charge Tómas conducts Ari Thór 60 miles (96.56 kilometers), from Sauðárkrókur (Romanized Saudárkrókur, “sheep river hook”) airport, through Strákagöng (Strákar Tunnel, “boy tunnel”) to Siglufjördur. He drives past Aðalgata (Romanized Adalgata, “main road”) Co-op, Theatre and Town Square and Gránugata (“gray road”) police station to the Eyrargata (“gravel-bank road”) new-hire dwelling.

Ari Thór encounters Siglufjördur Amateur Dramatic Society lead actor Karl (“army”) at the downtown fish shop and actress Ugla’s (“[short-eared] owl") piano-lesson notices at the Co-op.

Siglufjördur Amateur Dramatic Society fits its annual productions into the downtown Theatre, where the sales booth of 60-year-old volunteer, Nína Arnardóttir (“goddess eagle-warrior’s daughter”), figures daily.

Ninety-one-year-old Dramatic Society chairman Hrólfur (“glory wolf”) goes from his grand Hólavegur (“hillock way”) house to get together with 95-year-old Sandra at the old people’s home. Or he perhaps hastens to the Theatre with basement-apartment renter Ugla, until fish-processing plant clerical and factory work and piano lessons help her head to Norðurgata. A furnished Norðurgata (Romanized Nordurgata, “north way”) apartment inches the Patreksfjörður (Romanized Patreksfjördur, “noble, senatorial patrician class member") native, Ísafjörður (Romanized Ísafjördur, “ice fjord”) student town-center-ward.

Ugla joins daily Theatre-goers Anna, Hrólfur, Karl, Leifur, Nína, Pálmi and Úlfur even as Ari Thór and Karl journey for fresh-daily fish in Snjóblinda, as Snowblind.

Akureyri Hospital shifts, Co-op work, her own downtown house and Theatre rehearsals never keep 24-year-old Anna Einarsdóttir (“mercy one-warrior’s daughter”), Reykjavík university graduate, away from Karl.

Forty-three-year-old Karl lives with Linda, Akureyri Hospital nurse, below Leifur (“heir”), 30-plus-year-old filling-station employee and Theatre handyman and leading-role understudy, on Þormóðsgata (Romanized Thormóðsgata, “thunder-courage way”). Karl and Linda maintain a Kópavogur (“seal pup inlet”) apartment in Höfuðborgarsvæði (Romanized Höfudborgarsvædi, Greater Reykjavík, “The Capital Region”) even after moving into Gunni’s (“battle”) neighborhood. They nestle into neighborhood niches north of Ari Thór and Ugla, more north of retired lawyer Thorsteinn (“thunder stone”) and wife Snjólaug (“snow bath”) on Suðurgata.

Sixty-nine-year-old Úlfur Steinsson (“wolf stone’s son”), Dramatic Society director and retired schoolteacher, occupies an outstanding house on Suðurgata (Romanized Sudurgata, “south way”) in Snjóblinda, as Snowblind.

Seventy-three-year-old Pálmi Pálsson (“palm/palm tree/Pole humble [one’s] son”), Dramatic Society playwright and retired diplomat, possesses housing on Hvanneyrarbraut (“gravel-bank way”) not proximitous to fish and Theatre.

The divorced husband of 12-years-younger ex-wife Sonja (“wisdom”), parent with and wife to a 5-years-younger engineer from Oslo (“foothill meadow”), Norway, quarters near Hvanneyrarbraut swimming pool. Rosalinda (“famous/flowering lime-tree”), remembering Pálmi’s father (died Copenhagen, Denmark, 1941?), and 60-year-old son Mads (“god’s gift”) relocate from Copenhagen for one week to Pálmi’s basement apartment. Pálmi stayed with his mother and studied at Siglufjördur primary school, where Anna seeks to teach, and college, where Ingólfur (“lance[-bearing] wolf”) shines as history teacher.

Perhaps Karl never tried Aarhus (“river-mouth”) or Copenhagen fish or theatre with Linda or his parents in Snjóblinda, as Snowblind, and never tries them in Akureyri.

Icelandic Embassy staffers in Copenhagen, Denmark, perhaps advised Hrólfur (“glory wolf”) Kristjánsson ("Christ-bearer's son") on Copenhagen (København, "merchants' port") activities. They perhaps aided Pálmi Pálsson's (“palm/palm tree/Pole humble [one’s] son”) father about hospital treatments for terminal tuberculosis. A different generation answered questions about Denmark college versus Copenhagen university studies and permanent versus temporary employment and residence asked by the Danish father and the Icelandic mother of 12-year-old Linda Christensen ("lime-tree [Tilia spp] Christ-bearer's son"). Different or same staffers perhaps applied similar answers to questions asked about permanent versus temporary employment and residence by Karl Steindór Einarsson ("army stone-thunder one-army's son") and his parents; Sep. 21, 2007, image of harbor-front North Atlantic House (Danish: Nordatlantens Brygge), which houses the Embassy of Iceland: Christian Bickel (Fingalo), CC BY SA 2.0 Germany, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Siglufjarðarkirkja (Romanized Siglufjardarkirkja, Siglufjördur [“mast, sailing fjord” literally]) Church, whose bell tower anchors locals and tourists in the downtown area associated with such attractions as the fish shop and the Theatre, acts as venue for the funeral Saturday, Jan. 17, 2009, of Hrólfur (“glory wolf”) Kristjánsson ("Christ-bearer's son"), 91-year-old (Aug. 10, 1917-Jan. 9, 2009) Siglufjördur Amateur Dramatic Society chair and writer of one novel North of the Hills, with its adored Verses for Linda and sparse poetry and short stories. Perhaps the service affects Anna Einarsdóttir ("mercy one-warrior's daughter") more than other attendees. The 24-year-old Akureyri ("sandbank field") Hospital part-time employee, Co-op part-time worker, Dramatic Society actress, girlfriend of 43-year-old Karl Steindór Einarsson ("army stone-thunder one-army's son") and primary schoolteacher applicant perhaps assumes as imminent arranging a funeral service for her grandfather, as ailing Akureyri Hospital patient; Sep. 24, 2019, image of Siglufjörður Lutheran Church: Kasa Fue, CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Siglufjarðarkirkja_in_Siglufjörður_Sept_2019_3.jpg

Icelandic Embassy staffers in Copenhagen, Denmark, perhaps advised Hrólfur (“glory wolf”) Kristjánsson ("Christ-bearer's son") on Copenhagen (København, "merchants' port") activities. They perhaps aided Pálmi Pálsson's (“palm/palm tree/Pole humble [one’s] son”) father about hospital treatments for terminal tuberculosis. A different generation answered questions about Denmark college versus Copenhagen university studies and permanent versus temporary employment and residence asked by the Danish father and the Icelandic mother of 12-year-old Linda Christensen ("lime-tree [Tilia spp] Christ-bearer's son"). Different or same staffers perhaps applied similar answers to questions asked about permanent versus temporary employment and residence by Karl Steindór Einarsson ("army stone-thunder one-army's son") and his parents; Sep. 21, 2007, image of harbor-front North Atlantic House (Danish: Nordatlantens Brygge), which houses the Embassy of Iceland: Christian Bickel (Fingalo), CC BY SA 2.0 Germany, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kbh_Nordisches_Kulturzentrum_1.jpg

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Marriner, Derdriu. 6 September 2022. "Ham and Ptarmigan Are Christmas Meats in Thorpid, as The Girl Who Died." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 16 August 2022. "Five Deaths Affect 16 Lives in Thorpid, Anglicized The Girl Who Died." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 9 August 2022. "Ring Road Accesses Northeast Iceland for Thorpid, as The Girl Who Died." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 9 August 2022. "Outside, Anglicized From Úti, Appends Party of Two." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 2 August 2022. "Outside, Anglicized From Úti, Accumulates Icelandic Names and Words." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 26 July 2022. "Icelandic Rock Ptarmigans Avoid Blizzards and Hunters in Outside." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 5 July 2022. "Four Friends and One Enemy Are Indoors in Outside, Anglicized from Úti." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 28 June 2022. "Adverse Weather Afflicts East Iceland in Outside, Anglicized From Úti." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 14 June 2022. "Mistur, as The Mist, Appends Christmas Apples by Katrín Guðjónsdóttir." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 7 June 2022. "Mistur, Anglicized The Mist, Accumulates Icelandic Names and Words." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 31 May 2022. "Hulda Ate Icelandic Food Christmas Eve in Mistur, Anglicized The Mist." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 24 May 2022. "Mistur, Anglicized The Mist, Acknowledges Halldór Laxness at Christmas." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 17 May 2022. "Mistur, Anglicized as The Mist, Acquaints Us With Olaf Olafsson." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
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