Unknown Ashes Perhaps Known at Sanchi Buddhist Monuments Are at Sonari

Summary: Unknown ashes, perhaps known as bone relics in same-area Sanchi Buddhist monuments, are at Sonari Buddhist monuments in Madhya Pradesh, central India.

'Relic Series. Plate.7. The above were found in No.1. Sthupa at Sonari,' pen and ink and wash drawing by 19th century English officer, archaeological surveyor and painter Frederick Charles Maisey: The British Library Online Gallery, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Unknown ashes perhaps known as inscribed, same-age, 2,200-plus-year-old bone relics in Sanchi Buddhist monuments are at Sonari Buddhist monuments, as both areas are in central Raisen District, central Madhya Pradesh, central India.

Sonari (Suvarnari, from Sanskrit सुवर्ण, "golden" and अरि, “wheel”) Stupa (from Sanskrit स्तूप, “[relic-holding] heap, mound, pile”) No. 1 perhaps boarded five relics from unknown Buddhists. Its Stupa No. 2 contained the consecrated asthi avashesh (bone relics, from Sanskrit अस्थि, “bone” and अवशेष, “remainder”) of five celebrated Buddhists (from Sanskrit बुद्ध, “awakened”). Sanchi sangha (from Sanskrit संघ, “multitude”) community members deposited bone relics derived from five deceased, distinguished Buddhists in Sanchi (from Sanskrit शान्, “calmness”) Stupa No. 2.

The second Sanchi stupa and the second Sonari stupa enshrined as esteemed relics the burned bones of the cremated Alabagira, Gotiputra, Kasyapa Gotra, Kaushikiputra and Madhyama.

Major General Sir Alexander Cunningham (Jan. 23, 1814-Nov. 28, 1893) found “small portions of burnt human bones” (1854: page 287) within four steatite caskets at Sanchi.

Steatite (soapstone, from Greek στέατος, “of suet”) caskets no. I, III and IV guarded Kasyapa Gotra remains with Madhyama’s, Alabagira remains and Gotiputra remains with Kaushikiputra’s. The relic-holding chamber within the second Sonari stupa harbored one steatite vase, whose interior held five relic-holding caskets, each having “portions of human bone” (1854: 316). A crystal casket immortalized the Gotiputra relics; Madhyama, Kaushikiputra and Kasyapa Gotra relics inhabited dark, mottled steatite caskets; and a black steatite casket interred Alabagira relics.

Sonari Stupa No. 1, unlike Sonari Stupa No. 2 and such Sanchi Buddhist monuments as Stupa No. 2, joined unknown ashes to “kindred dust” (1854: 314).

The relic chamber “little more than” 5 feet (1.52 meters) down the hemisphere center of the first Sonari stupa kept “fragments of stone boxes” (1854: 313).

Linking all the loose fragments led to logical line-ups, albeit lacking inscriptions, of littlest within second-littlest within second-largest within largest lodgings, whose loads lauded Buddhist lifestyles. A 7/8-inch (2.22-centimeter) diameter casket of clear crystal perhaps maintained “some minute portion of bone, or perhaps a single tooth of the holy Buddha” (1854: 314). It nestled inside a near-spherical, pinnacle-topped, 1.75-inch (4.44-centimeter) diameter casket, itself niched within a 5.25-inch (13.34-centimeter) diameter, 3.75-inch- (9.53-centimeter-) high container, both boxes of white sandstone.

The 4-inch- (10.16-centimeter-) high, 8-inch- (20.32-centimeter-) broad, outermost sandstone cylinder, with its 2-plus-inch- (5.08-plus-centimeter-) rising lid, outlasted innermost-organized, unknown ashes perhaps obtained from Sanchi Buddhist monuments.

The Cunningham presentation placed the living Gotiputra, Kasyapa Gotra and Madhyama among Buddhist proselytizers of Hemawanta (from Sanskrit हिमवन्त्, “snowy [Himalaya]”) mountaineers perhaps 2,250-plus years ago.

Perhaps the living Alabagira and Kaushikiputra likewise quested Himalayan mountaineers, who themselves and their descendants then queued around all five missionary relics at Sanchi and Sonari. Andher Stupa No. 2 and Andher Stupa No. 3 respectively received Maudgalaputra and Haritiputra relics, whose remains resided with eight others within Sanchi Stupa No. 2. Cunningham surveys suggested that “complete examination of the still existing monuments would yield us the names of many of the principal leaders of Buddhism” (1854: 294).

Perhaps Kaundinyaputra, Maha Vanaya or Vachi Suvijayata relics, tallied among known ashes in Sanchi Buddhist monuments, turned up as unknown ashes in Sonari Stupa No. 1.

Sanchi Stupa No. 3, Sanchi Hill, Raisen District, Madhya Pradesh, central India; Feb. 23, 2013: Dey.sandip, CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

'Relic Series. Plate.7. The above were found in No.1. Sthupa at Sonari,' pen and ink and wash drawing by 19th century English officer, archaeological surveyor and painter Frederick Charles Maisey: The British Library Online Gallery, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sonari_stupa_1_relics.jpg; via British Library Online Gallery @ http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/other/019wdz000000546u00002c00.html

Sanchi Stupa No. 3, Sanchi Hill, Raisen District, Madhya Pradesh, central India; Feb. 23, 2013: Dey.sandip, CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Buddhist_Stupa_3,_Sanchi.jpg

For further information:

Abram, David; Devdan Sen; Nick Edwards; Mike Ford; and Beth Wooldridge. 2003. “Satdhara.” Page 395. In: [Chapter] 5 Madhya Pradesh. The Rough Guide to India. Fifth edition. New York NY: Rough Guides Ltd.
Available via Google Books @ https://books.google.com/books?id=kAMik_6LbwUC&pg=PA395#v=onepage&q&f=false

Bajaniya, V.G.; K.M. Karetha; L.S. Parmar; V.L. Purohit; and B.M. Chotaliya. 2018. “Influence of Pre-Soaking Treatment on Seedling Growth of Khirni (Manilkara hexandra Roxb) Seedling cv. Local.” International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience 6(1): 1668-1672. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.6329
Available @ http://www.ijpab.com/form/2018%20Volume%206,%20issue%201/IJPAB-2018-6-1-1668-1672.pdf

Baker, Consul Henry D. 27 December 1913. "Varieties of Soils." Page 1459. In: "Economic Progress in Bhopal." Daily Consular and Trade Reports 32: 1457-1460.
Available via Google Books @ https://books.google.com/books?id=F1BBAQAAMAAJ&pg=PT193

Barrett, Douglas E.; and Basil Gray. 1963. Painting of India. Geneva, Switzerland: Skira, Treasures of Asia. Distributed in the United States by World Publishing Co., Cleveland OH.

Basham, A. L. (Arthur Llewelyn). 1963. The Wonder That Was India. New York NY: Hawthorn Books.

Bhattacharya, Malavika. 29 February 2020. “Satdhara: A Forgotten Page in Buddhist History.” Outlook India > Traveller > Plan a Trip > Visual Escape > Inspire Me > Heritage.
Available @ https://www.outlookindia.com/traveller/mp/inspire-me/heritage/satdhara-forgotten-page-buddhist-history/

Bhikku, Anandajoti. “Satdhāra Stupas, Vidisha, Madhya Pradesh.” Photo Dharma > India > Sanchi and Nearby Sites.
Available @ https://www.photodharma.net/India/Satdhara-Stupas/Satdhara-Stupas.htm

Bidari, Basanta. Forest and Trees Associated with Lord Buddha.
Available @ http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/ancientnepal/pdf/ancient_nepal_139_02.pdf

BirdLife International. 2018. “House Crow Corvus splendens.” The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22705938A131944731. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22705938A131944731.en.
Available @ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22705938/131944731

BirdLife International. 2016. "Western Koel Eudynamys scolopaceus." The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22684049A93012559. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22684049A93012559.en.
Available @ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22684049/93012559

Brown, Percy. 1959. Indian Architecture (Budhist and Hindu Periods). Bombay (India): D. B. Taraporevala Sons & Co. Private LTD.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.18060/page/n5/mode/1up
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.54756/page/n5/mode/2up

"Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." A - Properties Recommended for Inscription on the World Heritage List. Item 14 of the Provisional Agenda: Nominations of Cultural Properties to the World Heritage List and to the List of World Heritage in Danger. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage. World Heritage Committee Thirteenth Session (Paris [France], 11-15 December 1989). SC-89/Conf.004/10. Paris [France], 15 September 1989.
Available @ https://whc.unesco.org/archive/1989/sc-89-conf004-10e.pdf

"Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." A. Properties Inscribed on the World Heritage List. XV. Nominations to the World Heritage List and to the List of World Heritage in Danger. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage. Report of the World Heritage Committee Thirteenth Session. Paris [France], 11-15 December 1989. SC-89/Conf.004/12. 22 December 1989.
Available @ https://whc.unesco.org/archive/repcom89.htm#524

"Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization > Culture > World Heritage Centre > The List > World Heritage List. Copyright 1992-2021.
Available @ https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/524/

"Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization > Culture > World Heritage Centre > The List > World Heritage List > Documents > State of Conservation of the World Heritage Properties in the Asia-Pacific Region. India. Periodic Reporting Cycle 1, Section II (Summary), 2003.
Available @ https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/524/documents/

“Le choucas gris du Bengale, Corvus splendens, Vieill.” Page 44. In: Nouveau Dictionnaire d’Histoire Naturelle, Appliquée aux Arts, à l’Agriculture, à l’Économie rurale et domestique, à la Médecine, etc. par Une Société de Naturalistes et d’Agriculteurs. Tome VIII. Paris [France]: Deterville, MDCCCXVII [1817].
Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/18035157

Cunningham, Brev.-Major Alexander. 1854. The Bhilsa Topes; Or, Buddhist Monuments of Central India: Comprising a Brief Historical Sketch of the Rise, Progress, and Decline of Buddhism; With an Account of the Opening and Examination of the Various Groups of Topes Around Bhilsa. London [England]: Smith, Elder and Co.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/bhilsatopesorbud00cunn/page/n7/mode/2up

Cunningham, Alexander. 1880. "13. Besnagar." Pages 36-46. In: Report of Tours in Bundelkhand and Malwa in 1874-75 and 1876-77. Volume X. Calcutta [West Bengal, India]: Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.30182/page/36/mode/1up
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.85027/page/n48/mode/1up

Cunningham, Alexander. 1880. "15. Sânchi." Pages 56-65. In: Report of Tours in Bundelkhand and Malwa in 1874-75 and 1876-77. Volume X. Calcutta [West Bengal, India]: Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.30182/page/56/mode/1up
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.85027/page/n66/mode/1up

Daulton, Jack. 1999. "Sariputta and Moggallana in the Golden Land: The Relics of the Buddha's Chief Disciples at the Kaba Aye Pagoda." The Journal of Burma Studies 4: 101-128.
Available @ https://www.niu.edu/clas/burma/publications/jbs/vol4/Abstract4_DaultonOpt.pdf

Davids, T. W. (Thomas William) Rhys. 1901. “Art. XIV. - Asoka and the Buddha-Relics.” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland 33(3): 397-410. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0035869X00028653
Available via Cambridge University Press @ https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-the-royal-asiatic-society/article/abs/art-xivasoka-and-the-buddharelics/62B5E8141ADD9396683A20AB298F6D0A
Available via Journal Storage @ https://www.jstor.org/stable/25208320?seq=1

Dhammika, S. (Shravasti). 2015. Nature and the Environment in Early Buddhism. Singapore: Buddha Dhamma Mandala Society.
Available @ https://ocbs.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/journalsuppneeb.pdf

Drury, D. (Dru Drury). 1773. "Plate V. Fig. 1." Page 8. In: Illustrations of Natural History, Wherein ere exhibited Upwards of Two Hundred and Twenty Figures of Exotic Insects, According to Their Different Genera; Very few of which have hitherto been figured by any Author, Being engraved and coloured from Nature, with the greateſt Accuracy, and under the Author’s own Inspection, on Fifty Copper-Plates. With a particular Description of each Insect: Interſperſed with Remarks and Reflections on the Nature and Properties of many of them. To which is added, A Translation into French. Vol. II. London (England): B. White.
Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40637766

Dubard, M. Marcel. "2e Manilkara hexandra." Pages 9-10. In: "Les Sapotacées du groupe des Sideroxylinées-Mimusopées." Pages 1-62 in Annales du Musée Colonial de Marseille Fondées en 1893 par M. le Professeur Dr Édouard Heckel et publiées sous sa direction. Vingt-troisième année, 3e série 3er [sic] volume (1915). 3(3):9. Marseille [France]: Musée Colonial; Paris [France]: Librairie Challamel.
Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3394714
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/annalesdumusecol334muse/page/n29/mode/2up

Dutta, Saikat Kumar; and Srimanta Kumar Raut. 2015. “Affinity of House Crows (Corvus splendens) with Nesting Trees Occurring in and Around Kolkata, India.” Proceedings of the Zoological Society 68: 96-108. Published online 9 March 2014. DOI 10.1007/s12595-014-0101-z
Available via ResearchGate @ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268515473_Affinity_of_House_Crows_Corvus_splendens_with_Nesting_Trees_occurring_in_and_around_Kolkata_India
Available via Springer @ https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs12595-014-0101-z#citeas

Fournet, Marcel. "8°) Hamy." Généalogies de Boulonnais célèbres.
Available @ http://fournetmarcel.free.fr/genealogiesboulogne.htm

Gadgil, Madhav. February 2001. "Project Lifescape. 9. Crows." Resonance 74-82.
Available @ https://www.ias.ac.in/article/fulltext/reso/006/02/0074-0082

Hübner, Jacob. 1819. "I. Verein, Coitus I. Antheräen, Antheraeae." Page 152. In: Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge. Augsburg (Germany): bey dem Verfasser zu Finden (Published privately by the author).
Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33045191

Hultzsch, E. (Eugen). 1925. Inscriptions of Asoka. Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Vol. 1. With 55 Plates. Oxford, England: Printed for the Government of India at the Clarendon Press, Oxford, and Published Through the Official Agents.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/InscriptionsOfAsoka.NewEditionByE.Hultzsch/page/n1/mode/2up

Hume, Allan O. (Octavian). “Order Passeres. Family Corvidæ. Subfamily Corvinæ. 4. Corvus macrorhynchus, Wagler. The Jungle-Crow. Corvus culminatus, Sykes, Jerd. B. Ind. ii, p. 295. Corvus levaillantii, Less., Hume, Rough Draft N. & E. no. 660.” Pages 4-8. In: Allan O. Hume. 1889. The Nests and Eggs of Indian Birds. Second Edition. Edited by Eugene William Oates. Vol. I. With Four Portraits. London (England): R. H. Porter.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/nestseggsofindia01hume/page/3/mode/1up?view=theater

Hume, Allan O. (Octavian). “Order Passeres. Family Corvidæ. Subfamily Corvinæ. 7. Corvus splendens, Vieill. The Indian House-Crow. Corvus splendens, Vieill. Jerd. B. Ind. ii, p. 298. Corvus impudicus, Hodgs., Hume, Rough Draft N. & E. no. 663.” Pages 8-12. In: Allan O. Hume. 1889. The Nests and Eggs of Indian Birds. Second Edition. Edited by Eugene William Oates. Vol. I. With Four Portraits. London (England): R. H. Porter.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/nestseggsofindia01hume/page/7/mode/1up?view=theater

Hunter, William Wilson, Sir. "Beās." Imperial Gazetteer of India, Vol. 7, pp. 138-139. Oxford [England]: Clarendon Press, 1908-1931. Digital South Asia Library > Books and Journals > General Books > Imperial Gazetteer of India > Volume 7 Bareilly - Berasia > Basti District to Belgami.
Available via Digital South Asia Library @ https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V07_144.gif

Hunter, William Wilson, Sir. "Magadha." Imperial Gazetteer of India, Vol. 16, pp. 408-409. Oxford [England]: Clarendon Press, 1908-1931. Digital South Asia Library > Books and Journals > General Books > Imperial Gazetteer of India > Volume 16 Kotchandpur - Mahavinyaka > Madura District to Magathan.
Available via Digital South Asia Library @ https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V16_414.gif

Hunter, William Wilson, Sir. "Sānchī." Imperial Gazetteer of India, Vol. 22, pp. 27-29. Oxford [England]: Clarendon Press, 1908-1931. Digital South Asia Library > Books and Journals > General Books > Imperial Gazetteer of India > Volume 22 Samadhiala - Singhana > Samthar Town to Sangamner Taluka.
Available via Digital South Asia Library @ https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V22_033.gif

Hunter, William Wilson, Sir. "Ujjain Town." Imperial Gazetteer of India, Vol. 24, pp. 112-115. Oxford [England]: Clarendon Press, 1908-1931. Digital South Asia Library > Books and Journals > General Books > Imperial Gazetteer of India > Volume 24 Travancore - Zira > Udalguri to Unchahra (Unchahera).
Available via Digital South Asia Library @ https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V24_118.gif

ICOMOS. (International Council on Monuments and Sites). April 1989. "Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." World Heritage List No 524. Paris, France: ICOMOS, Hôtel Saint-Agnon.
Available @ https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/524/documents/

Jhala, Dr. Y.V.; Q. Qureshi; S. Saini; J.K. Bora; S. Goswami; and D.R. Laha. 2016. Status and Distribution of Major Mammalian Fauna in the State of Madhya Pradesh. Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India: Wildlife Institute of India. TR 2016/013.
Available @ https://mpforest.gov.in/img/files/LU_MP_Report120417.pdf

Kerr, James. "Coccus Lacca." Pages 374-381. In: "XXIV. Natural Hiſtory of the Inſect Which Produces the Gum Lacca. By Mr. James Kerr, of Patna; communicated by Sir Joſeph Banks, P. R. S. Read May 24, 1781." Philosophical Transactions, of the Royal Society of London. Vol. LXXI. For the Year 1781. Part I. London [England, United Kingdom]: Lockyer Davis, and Peter Elmsly. MDCCLXXXI.
Available via Google Books @ https://books.google.com/books?id=nIMFAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA329&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=3#v=onepage&q&f=false

Kumar, Arjun. 16 April 2010. “Buddhist Retreat – Satdhara.” The Times of India > Opinion > News > Blogs > India.
Available @ https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/HiddenHeritage/buddhist-retreat-satdhara/

Lahiri, Nayanjot. 2015. Ashoka in Ancient India. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.
Available via Google Books @ https://books.google.com/books/about/Ashoka_in_Ancient_India.html?id=JaVRCgAAQBAJ
Available via Journal Storage @ https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvjk2w8j

Lamarck, M. le Chevalier de. (Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, chevalier de Lamarck). 1786. "5. Erythrine monoſperme, Erythrina monoſperma." Pages 391-392. In: Encyclopédie Méthodique. Botanique. Tome Second. 2(1). Paris (France): Panckoucke; and Liège (France): Plomteux, M.DCC.LXXXVI.
Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/721045
Available via HathiTrust @ https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044102813862&view=1up&seq=419

Lamarck, M. le Chevalier de. (Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, chevalier de Lamarck). 1789. "7. Jujubier de l'Iſle de France, Ziziphus mauritiana." Pages 319. In: Encyclopédie Méthodique. Botanique. Tome Troisième. 3(1). Paris (France): Panckoucke; and Liège (France): Plomteux, M.DCC.LXXXVI.
Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/721754

Lamba, B. S. April 1965. “The Nidification of Some Common Indian Birds – Part 2.” Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 62(1): 425-433.
Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47953876

Lewis, Stephen. 1 April 2003. "Maisey - General Frederick Charles - Bengal Army - died 2nd September 1892." Officers Died: Memorials and Information About British and Empire Forces Officers > Officers Died of Natural Causes, Murdered, Accidental Deaths > Index > Officers Died M. Site updated 6 July 2009.
Available @ https://glosters.tripod.com/offzdiedm.htm

Linnaeus, Carl. 1 May 1753. "Mangifera. indica. 1. Mangifera." Page 200. In: Caroli Linnæi. Species Plantarum, Exhibentes Plantas Rite Cognitas, ad Genera Relatas, cum Differentiis Specificis, Nominibus Trivialibus, Synonymis Selectis, Locis Naturalibus, Secundum Systema Sexuale Digestas. Tomus I. Holmiæ (Stockholm [Sweden]): Impensis Laurentii Salvii (Published by Laurentius Salvius).
Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/358219

Linnaeus, Carl. 1758. “[52. Cuculus.] ſcolopaceus 5.” Page 111. In: Linnæi, Caroli. Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiæ [Stockholm, Sweden]: Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii (Published by Laurentius Salvius).
Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/727016

Linnaeus, Carl. 1758. "205. Phalæna. Paphia." Page 496. In: Linnæi, Caroli. Systema Naturæ Per Regna Tria Naturæ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio Decima, Reformata. Holmiæ (Stockholm [, Sweden]): Laurentii Salvii (Laurentius Salvius), 1758.
Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/727407

Linnaeus, C. (Filius). 1781. “grandis. Tectona.” Page. 151. In: Supplementum Plantarum Systematis Vegetabilium Generum Plantarum et Specierum Plantarum. Editionis decimæ tertiæ, Editionis ſextæ, et Editionis ſecundæ. Editum a Carolo a Linné. Brunsvigæ (Braunschweig [Germany]): Impenſis Orphanotrophei.
Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/411184#page/166/mode/1up

Maisey, General F. C. 1892. Sánchi and Its Remains. A Full Description of the Ancient Buildings, Sculptures, and Inscriptions of Sánchi, Near Bhilsa, in Central India. With Remarks of the Evidence They Supply as to the Comparatively Modern Date of the Buddhism of Gotama, or Sakya Muni. With Forty Plates. And an Introductory Note by Major-General Sir Alex. Cunningham, K.C.I.E., C.S.I., R.E. London [England]: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., Ltd.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/sanchiitsremains00mais_0/page/n9/mode/2up

"Marie Marcel Maurice Dubard." Ministère de la Défense > Ministère des Armées > Portail Culturel > Mémoire des Hommes > Première Guerre Mondial.
Available @ https://www.memoiredeshommes.sga.defense.gouv.fr/fr/arkotheque/client/mdh/base_morts_pour_la_france_premiere_guerre/detail_fiche.php?ref=427466

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 December 2021. "Unknown Ashes Maybe Known at Sanchi Buddhist Monuments Are at Satdhara." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/12/unknown-ashes-maybe-known-at-sanchi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 December 2021. "Unknown Bones in Bhojpur Maybe Are Known in Sanchi Buddhist Monuments." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/12/unknown-bones-in-bhojpur-maybe-are.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 December 2021. "Unknown Relics in Bhojpur Maybe Are Known in Sanchi Buddhist Monuments." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/12/unknown-relics-in-bhojpur-maybe-are.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 December 2021. "Unknown Bones at Bhojpur Maybe Are Known to Sanchi Buddhist Monuments." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/12/unknown-bones-at-bhojpur-maybe-are.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 November 2021. "Unknown Bones Maybe Known at Sanchi Buddhist Monuments Are at Bhojpur." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/11/unknown-bones-maybe-known-at-sanchi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 November 2021. "Unknown Ashes Maybe Known to Sanchi Buddhist Monuments Are at Bhojpur." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/11/unknown-ashes-maybe-known-to-sanchi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 November 2021. "Unknown Ashes Perhaps Known in Sanchi Buddhist Monuments Are at Andher." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/11/unknown-ashes-perhaps-known-in-sanchi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 November 2021. "Kusum Lac Trees Perhaps Anciently Aided Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/11/kusum-lac-trees-perhaps-anciently-aided.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 October 2021. "Palas Flame-of-the-Forest Trees Assisted Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/10/palas-flame-of-forest-trees-assisted.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 October 2021. "Ber Indian Plum Trees Anciently Assisted Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/10/ber-indian-plum-trees-anciently.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 October 2021. "Tasar Silk Perhaps Anciently Adorned Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/10/tasar-silk-perhaps-anciently-adorned.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 October 2021. "Tasar Silkworms Perhaps Assembled Around Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/10/tasar-silkworms-perhaps-assembled.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 October 2021. "Lac Scale Insects Archived Bone Relics in Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/10/lac-scale-insects-archived-bone-relics.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 September 2021. "Kaundinya Aided Buddhist Beginnings and Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/09/kaundinya-aided-buddhist-beginnings-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 September 2021. "Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi Accommodated Kaundinyaputra Relics." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/09/buddhist-monuments-at-sanchi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 September 2021. "Gotiputra Relics Awed Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi, Sonari and Andher." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/09/gotiputra-relics-awed-buddhist.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 September 2021. "Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and Sonari Accommodated Alabagira Relics." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/09/buddhist-monuments-at-sanchi-and-sonari.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 August 2021. "Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and Sonari Assembled Kaushikiputra Relics." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/08/buddhist-monuments-at-sanchi-and-sonari_01344963409.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 August 2021. "Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and Sonari Accommodated Madhyama Relics." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/08/buddhist-monuments-at-sanchi-and-sonari.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 August 2021. "Kasyapa Gotra Relics Abided in Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and Sonari." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/08/kasyapa-gotra-relics-abided-in-buddhist.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 August 2021. "Buddha Relics Awed Sonari and Bhojpur If Not Sanchi Buddhist Monuments." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/08/buddha-relics-awed-sonari-and-bhojpur.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 July 2021. "Buddha Relics Awed Bhojpur and Sonari If Not Sanchi Buddhist Monuments." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/07/buddha-relics-awed-bhojpur-and-sonari.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 July 2021. "Sanchi Buddhist Monuments Admitted No Upahitaka Relics From Bhojpur." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/07/sanchi-buddhist-monuments-admitted-no_0682265518.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 July 2021. "Sanchi Buddhist Monuments Admitted No Patitya Allusions From Bhojpur." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/07/sanchi-buddhist-monuments-admitted-no.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 July 2021. "Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and Andher Archived Haritiputra Relics." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/07/buddhist-monuments-at-sanchi-and-andher.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 July 2021. "John Marshall Added Khirni Trees Around Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/07/john-marshall-added-khirni-trees-around.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 June 2021. "Mango Trees Appeal to Kakanava Koels and Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/06/mango-trees-appeal-to-kakanava-koels.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 June 2021. "Teak Trees Attracted Kakanava Crows to Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/06/teak-trees-attracted-kakanava-crows-to.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 June 2021. "Kakanava Crows, Koels and Trees Antedated Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/06/kakanava-crows-koels-and-trees.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 June 2021. "Asian Koels, Like Crows, Actuated the Ancient Name Kakanava for Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/06/asian-koels-like-crows-actuated-ancient.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 May 2021. "Indian Jungle Crows Abided Amply at Sanchi, Anciently Named Kakanava." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/05/indian-jungle-crows-abided-amply-at.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 May 2021. "Indian Crows Abounded There So Sanchi Answered to the Name Kakanava." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/05/indian-crows-abounded-there-so-sanchi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 May 2021. "Kakanava Prabhasana Relics Age Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and Andher." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/05/kakanava-prabhasana-relics-age-buddhist.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 May 2021. "Vachiputra Relics Age Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and at Andher." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/05/vachiputra-relics-age-buddhist.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 April 2021. "Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and Andher Age Maudgalaputra Tishya Relics." Earth and Space News. Friday
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/04/buddhist-monuments-at-sanchi-and-andher.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 April 2021. "Satdhara Relics Awed Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi, Colombo and Yangon." Earth and Space News. Friday
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/04/satdhara-relics-awed-buddhist-monuments.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 April 2021. "Kaba Aye and Sanchi Hill Admit Walking Meditations of Thich Nhat Hanh." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/04/kaba-aye-and-sanchi-hill-admit-walking.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 April 2021. "Sanchi and Maha Bodhi Society Admit Thich Nhat Hanh Walking Meditations." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/04/sanchi-and-maha-bodhi-society-admit.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 April 2021. "Indra’s Net Avails Kaba Aye Pagoda of Buddhist Monuments on Sanchi Hill." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/04/indras-net-avails-kaba-aye-pagoda-of.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 March 2021. "Indra’s Net Admits Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and Maha Bodhi Society." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/indras-net-admits-buddhist-monuments-at.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 March 2021. "Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and Sadthara Archived Disciple Bones." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/buddhist-monuments-at-sanchi-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 March 2021. "Chetiyagiri Vihara Adds Auspiciousness to Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/chetiyagiri-vihara-adds-auspiciousness.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 March 2021. "Maudgalyayana Aims Psychic Powers at Buddhist Monuments on Sanchi Hill." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/maudgalyayana-aims-psychic-powers-at.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 February 2021. "Shariputra Abides Auspiciously Amid Buddhist Monuments on Sanchi Hill." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/shariputra-abides-auspiciously-amid.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 February 2021. "Sanchi Hill Buddhist Monuments Are Oldest Buddhist World Heritage Site." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/sanchi-hill-buddhist-monuments-are_19.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 February 2021. "Sanchi Hill Buddhist Monuments Are World Heritage Site 14 in India." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/sanchi-hill-buddhist-monuments-are.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 February 2021. "Ashoka Aided Buddha, Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi Hill and Sri Lanka." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/ashoka-aided-buddha-buddhist-monuments.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 January 2021. "Sanghamitra, Like Ashoka, Admired Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi Hill." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/sanghamitra-like-ashoka-admired.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 January 2021. "Mahendra Adored Buddha and Perhaps Buddhist monuments at Sanchi Hill." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/mahendra-adored-buddha-and-perhaps.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 January 2021. "Devi Adoring Buddha Accounts for Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi, India." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/devi-adoring-buddha-accounts-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 January 2021. "Wild Animal Families Abounded Around Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi Hill." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/wild-animal-families-abounded-around.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 January 2021. "Raisen Teak Forests Once Angled Around Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/raisen-teak-forests-once-angled-around.html

Marshall, Sir John. 1918. A Guide to Sanchi. Calcutta [India]: Superintendent Government Printing, India.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.459148/page/n1/mode/2up

Marshall, Sir John; and Alfred Foucher. 1902. The Monuments of Sāñchī. With the texts of inscriptions edited, annotated and translated by N.G. Majumdar. Volume One: Text. London [England].
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.532798

May, San San. 5 July 2016. “These Burmese Manuscripts Retrace the Buddha’s Journey to Enlightenment.” Scroll.in > History in Images.
Available @ https://scroll.in/article/810989/these-burmese-manuscripts-retrace-the-buddhas-journey-to-enlightenment

McArthur, Meher. 2002. Reading Buddhist Art: An Illustrated Guide to Buddhist Signs and Symbols. New York NY: Thames & Hudson.

McArthur, Meher. 24 December 2015. “The Tree in Buddhist Symbolism and Art.” Buddhistdoor Global > Features > Columns > Buddhist Art.
Available @ https://www.buddhistdoor.net/features/the-tree-in-buddhist-symbolism-and-art

Missouri Botanical Garden. “Butea monosperma Lam.” Tropicos > Name Search.
Available @ http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/13057461

Missouri Botanical Garden. “Erythrina monosperma Lam.” Tropicos > Name Search.
Available @ http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/13030253

Missouri Botanical Garden. “Mangifera indica L.” Tropicos > Name Search.
Available @ http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/1300071

Missouri Botanical Garden. “Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.) Dubard.” Tropicos > Name Search.
Available @ http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/28701423

Missouri Botanical Garden. “Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken.” Tropicos > Name Search.
Available @ http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/28600017

Missouri Botanical Garden. “Tectona grandis L. f.” Tropicos > Name Search.
Available @ http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/33700544

Missouri Botanical Garden. "Ziziphus mauritiana Lam." Tropicos > Name Search.
Available @ http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/27500741

Mitra, Kushan. 6 February 2021. “Hidden in the Hills – Satdhara.” The Pioneer > Columnists > Automobile.”
Available @ https://www.dailypioneer.com/2021/columnists/hidden-in-the-hills-----satdhara.html

Mohanta, J. (Jhilly); D.G. (Dolagobinda) Dey; and N. (Nakulananda) Mohanty. 2014. "Studies on Lac Insect (Kerria lacca) for Conservation of Biodiversity in Similipal Biosphere Reserve, Odisha, India." Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2(1): 1-5.
Available @ https://www.entomoljournal.com/vol2Issue1/Issue_jan_2014/1.1.pdf

"The Months." BuddhaNet > The Buddhist Calendar > Month.
Available @ http://www.buddhanet.net/cal_mnth.htm

Oken, Lorenz. 1841. "2) Die gemeine (Sch. oleoſa, ſpinoſa." Page 1341. In: Allgemeine Naturgeschichte für alle Stände, von Profeſſor Oken. Dritten Bandes zweite Abtheilung. (Vol. 3, Part 2). Stuttgart [Germany]: Hoffmann'sche Verlags-Buchhandlung.
Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/46975466

Ota, S.B.; M.S. Chauhan; and M. Joseph. 16 December 2002. "Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Periodic Reporting Exercise on the Application of the World Heritage Convention. Section II: State of Conservation of Specific World Heritage Properties. II.1. Introduction.
Available @ https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/524/documents/

Panyalertsinpaisarn, Kongpop. December 2020. "Study on the Sanchi Stupa Ruins." Conference: Presentation to the Master Degree in Buddhist Studies. Rajgir, Bihar, India: Nalanda University, Philosophy and Comparative Religions, School of Buddhist Studies. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.25413.06889.
Available via Research Gate @ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347842644_Study_on_the_Sanchi_Stupa_Ruins

Pathak, J.; P. Lakhey; and B. Adhikari. 2020. "Butea monosperma." The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T62485A152201301. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T62485A152201301.en.
Available @ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/62485/152201301

Peigler, Richard S.; and Stefan Naumann. 2016. "What Exactly Is Antheraea paphia (Linnaeus, 1758)? Atalanta 47 (3/4): 500-520.
Available @ https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Atalanta_47_0500-0520.pdf

Perera, H.R. 2007. Buddhism in Sri Lanka: A Short History. Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Publication Society. Originally published under the title Buddhism in Ceylon: Its Past and Present. Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Publication Society, 1966. Barre Center for Buddhist Studies > Resources > Access to Insight > Readings in Theravada Buddhism > Library > Authors > H.R. Perera. Last revised for Access to Insight 1 December 2013.
Available via Barre Center for Buddhist Studies @ https://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/perera/wheel100.html

Raezer, David. 31 December 2021. "The Buddhist Stupa: Symbolism of a Sacred Structure." ApproachGuides. Copyright 2021.
Available @ https://www.approachguides.com/blog/buddhist-stupa-architecture-symbolism/

Ragsdale, J. Donald; Richard S. Bello; and Frances E. Brandau-Brown. “Chapter 8 Non-Western Visual Persuasion: Chinese Museums, Jewish Synagogues, Buddhist Temples, and Shinto Shrines.” Pages 87-101. In: J. Donald Ragsdale. (Ed.). 2007. Structures as Argument: The Visual Persuasiveness of Museums and Places of Worship. Newcastle NE UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Available via Google Books @ https://books.google.com/books?id=52UZBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA96&lpg#v=onepage&q&f=false

Rangachari, Dr. Devika. “10.6: The Early Stupa: Sanchi, Barhut, Amaravati and Nagarjunakonda.” Pages 56-69. In: Chapter 10: Cultural Developments. Deshbandhu College (University of Delhi) > Academics > E-Resources > Subject: History > Lesson: Cultural Development. Language Editor Veena Sachdev. Production Editor Ashutosh Kumar. Copyright 2018.
Available @ https://www.deshbandhucollege.ac.in/pdf/resources/1585759255_HS(H)-IV-SEC-Lec1.pdf

“Relic Series. Plate.11. No. 1. Sthupa at Satdhara.” British Library > Online Gallery > Online Exhibitions > Asia, Pacific and Africa Collections.
Available @ https://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/other/019wdz000000546u00003b00.html

Roxburgh, William. 1795. "15. Mimusops hexandra." Pages 16-17. In: Plants of the Coast of Coromandel; Selected from Drawings and Descriptions Presented to the Hon. Court of Directors of the East India Company. Published, by Their Order, Under the Direction of Sir Joseph Banks. Vol. I. London [England, United Kingdom]: W. Bulmer and Co.
Available @ https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/medias/bd/55/58/b9/bd5558b9-98b6-400d-a657-5cb801169b45/files/ROX_Pl_Corom_1.pdf
Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/9711#page/15/mode/1up
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000666229/page/n13/mode/2up
Available via The Rainforest Initiative @ https://www.rainforest-initiative.org/assets/flora/roxburgh/plants-of-the-coast-of-coromandel-1.pdf
Available via The School of Oriental and African Studies University of London @ https://digital.soas.ac.uk/AA00000691/00001/17x

"Sanchi Great Stupa." Sanchi > Monuments Sanchi. Copyrighted 2008-2013.
Available @ http://sanchi.org/sanchi-great-stupa.html

Sarvariya, Brajendra. “These Stupas Are 2500 Years Old, Their Mystery Is Still Unresolved!” Patrika > Hindi News > India > Madhya Pradesh > Bhopal > Satdhara: 2500 Year Old Stupa Located Near Vidisha. Copyright 2021.
Available @ https://www.patrika.com/bhopal-news/satdhara-2500-year-old-stupa-situated-near-vidisha-7179/

Schopen, Gregory. 1991. “An Old Inscription from Amarāvatī and the Cult of the Local Monastic Dead in Indian Buddhist Monasteries.” The Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies 14(2): 281-329.
Available @ file:///var/users/stn202-fG/8787-Article%20Text-8595-1-10-20110301.pdf

Sinha, Shri Sachin. (Compiler). 31 March 2014. "District Census Handbook: Raisen Village and Town Directory." Census of India 2011 Madhya Pradesh Series - 24, Part XII-A. Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh: Directorate of Census Operations. Government of India Copyright 2015.
Available @ https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/23/2329_PART_A_DCHB_RAISEN.pdf

“Stupas and Other Remains at Satdhara.” Archaeological Survey of India > Bhopal Circle > Monuments > Raisen > Satdhara.
Available @ https://asibhopal.nic.in/monument/raisen_satdhara_stupasatdhara.html

“Stupas Surrounding Sanchi.” Visit World Heritage > World Heritage Journeys Buddha > Discover Buddhist World Heritage > Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi. UNESCO World Heritage Centre Copyright 2021.
Available @ https://visitworldheritage.com/en/buddha/stupas-surrounding-sanchi/73c9abb6-3ac3-4476-8e22-4d6ea7f1b904

"Surname: Ker." TribalPages > TribalPages Family Tree Website > The Benson/Kerr Families.
Available @ https://www.tribalpages.com/tribe/familytree?uid=benson&surname=Ker

Sykes, Lieut. Col. W.H. (William Henry). "117. Corvus Culminatus." Page 96. In: "Catalogue of Birds of the Raptorial and Insessorial Order (Systematically Arranged,) Observed in the Dukhun." Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London, vol. XVIII, part II (1832): 77-99.
Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1214129

Taubert, P. (Paul Hermann Wilhelm). "400. Butea Roxb." Pages 365-366. In: "Leguminosae." Pages 70-388. In: (Heinrich Gustav) A. (Adolf) Engler; and K. (Karl Anton Eugen) Prantl. Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien nebst ihren Gattungen und wichtigeren Arten insbesondere den Nutzpflanzen, unter Mitwirkung zahlreicher hervorragender Fachgelehrten. III. Teil. 3. Abteilung: Rosaceae von W. O. Focke; Connaraceae von E. Gilg; Leguminosae von P. Taubert. Leipzig (Germany): Wilhelm Engelmann.
Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/32135343

Thera, Nyanaponika; and Hellmuth Hecker. 2003. Great Disciples of the Buddha: Their Lives, Their Works, Their Legacy. Edited with an Introduction by Bhikku Bodhi. Teachings of the Buddha. Boston MA: Wisdom Publications, in collaboration with Buddhist Publicationn Society of Kandy, Sri Lanka.
Available via Wayback Machine @ https://web.archive.org/web/20170924124422/http://promienie.net/images/dharma/books/sutras_great-disciples-of-the-buddha.pdf

Tiwari, Deepak. 18 June 2017. "Stupa'fied." The Week > Pin Code 456001.
Available @ https://www.theweek.in/theweek/specials/kanipura-stupa-emperor-ashoka-wife-devi.html?fb_comment_id=1473254359467186_2320090401450240

Ye, J.; H. Qin; Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI); and IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group. 2019. "Ziziphus mauritiana." The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T147482710A147637366. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T147.
Available @ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/147482710/147637366

Dec. 2, 1937, Annular Solar Eclipse Belongs to Saros Series 141

Summary: The Thursday, Dec. 2, 1937, annular solar eclipse belongs to Saros series 141, a family of 70 similar solar eclipses.

The Northern Hemisphere's partial solar eclipse of May 19, 1613, opened Saros series 141's lineup of 70 solar eclipses; Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC), via NASA Eclipse Web Site

The Thursday, Dec. 2, 1937, annular solar eclipse belongs to Saros series 141, which comprises 70 solar eclipses with similar geometries.

The solar Saros cycle correlates solar eclipses with similar geometries into families, known as series. For example, all solar eclipses in a particular Saros series share same-node occurrence. The set of ascending and descending lunar nodes signals the lunar orbit's two intersecting points with Earth's orbit. The ascending node corresponds to lunar passage to the north of Earth's orbit. The descending node relates to lunar passage to the south of Earth's orbit.

All Saros series 141 solar eclipses share their occurrence at the moon's ascending node. As such, each succeeding eclipse in the series evinces southward movement away from the ascending node.

A Saros cycle spans approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). Specifically, Saros series 141 has a lifetime of 1,244.08 years, according to NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) Eclipse Web Site's eclipse predictions by NASA astrophysicist, now retired, Fred Espenak. Thirteen centuries elapse between Saros series 141's opening, 17th century and closing, 29th century.

Saros series 141 comprises 29 partial solar eclipses and 41 annular solar eclipses. The cycle's 70 solar eclipses are ordered into three sets. The first set features the first seven of the 29 partial solar eclipses in Saros series 141. The second set contains the cycle's 41 annular solar eclipses. The third and last set presents the last 22 of the 29 partial solar eclipses in Saros series 141.

Saros series 141 opened May 19, 1613, with a partial solar eclipse in the Northern Hemisphere. Saros series 141 will close Wednesday, June 13, 2857, with a partial solar eclipse in the Southern Hemisphere. The shift from the Saros series 141 opener's northern locale to the Saros series 141 closer's southern placement reflects the southward movement of subsequent eclipses away from the ascending lunar node.

The Thursday, Dec. 2, 1937, annular solar eclipse numbered as 19th in the Saros series 141 lineup of 70 solar eclipses. The December 1937 solar event appeared as 12th in the Saros series 141's 41-member annular solar eclipse set.

The predecessor of the December 1937 annular solar eclipse was the annular solar eclipse of Sunday, Nov. 22, 1919. The November 1919 annular eclipse occurred as 18th in the Saros series 141 lineup of 70 solar eclipses and as 11th in the Saros series 141's set of 41 annular solar eclipses.

The successor of the December 1937 annular solar eclipse was the annular solar eclipse of Wednesday, Dec. 14, 1955. The December 1955 annular eclipse numbered as 20th in the Saros series 141 lineup of 70 solar eclipses and as 13th in the Saros series 141's 41-member annular solar eclipse set.

The Saros series 141 set of 41 annular solar eclipses encompasses eight centuries, from the 18th century to the 25th century. The annular solar eclipse of Tuesday, Aug. 4, 1739, opened the Saros series 141 set of 41 annular solar eclipses. The August 1739 annular eclipse occurred as eighth in the Saros series 141 lineup of 70 solar eclipses. The annular solar eclipse of Thursday, Oct. 14, 2460, will close the set as Saros series 141's 41st and last annular solar eclipse. The October 2460 annular eclipse will number as 48th in the Saros series 141 lineup of 70 solar eclipses.

The NASA Eclipse Web Site's extreme durations predicted by Fred Espenak identify the annular solar eclipse of Wednesday, Dec. 14, 1955, as the longest annular solar eclipse in Saros series 141. The December 1955 annular eclipse had a duration of 12 minutes 9 seconds. The annular solar eclipse of Saturday, Oct. 4, 2442, is credited as the shortest annular solar eclipse in Saros series 141. The October 2442 annular eclipse will have a duration of 1 minute 8 seconds. The October 2442 annular solar eclipse will appear, at number 40, as the set's next-to-the-last member and will number as 47th in the Saros series 141 lineup of 70 solar eclipses.

The takeaways for the Thursday, Dec. 2, 1937, annular solar eclipse belonging to Saros series 141 are that the event occurred as 12th in Saros series 141's set of 41 annular solar eclipses; that the December 1937 annular solar eclipse numbered as 19th in the Saros series 141 lineup of 70 eclipses; and that the December 1937 annular solar eclipse's successor, the annular solar eclipse of Wednesday, Dec. 14, 1955, qualified, with a duration of 12 minutes 9 seconds, as the Saros series 141's longest annular eclipse.

The Southern Hemisphere's partial solar eclipse of Wednesday, June 13, 2857, will close Saros series 141's lineup of 70 solar eclipses: Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC), via NASA Eclipse Web Site

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

The Northern Hemisphere's partial solar eclipse of May 19, 1613, opened Saros series 141's lineup of 70 solar eclipses; Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC), via NASA Eclipse Web Site @ https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/1601-1700/1613-05-19.gif

The Southern Hemisphere's partial solar eclipse of Wednesday, June 13, 2857, will close Saros series 141's lineup of 70 solar eclipses: Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC), via NASA Eclipse Web Site @ https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2801-2900/2857-06-13.gif

For further information:

Espenak, Fred. "Annular 1739 Aug 04." NASA Eclipse Web Site > Solar Eclipses > Solar Eclipse Catalogs > Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series > Summary of Saros Series 125 to 150 > Saros Series 141.
Available @ https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/1701-1800/1739-08-04.gif

Espenak, Fred. "Annular 1919 Nov 22." NASA Eclipse Web Site > Solar Eclipses > Solar Eclipse Catalogs > Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series > Summary of Saros Series 125 to 150 > Saros Series 141.
Available @ https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/1901-2000/1919-11-22.gif

Espenak, Fred. "Annular 1955 Dec 14." NASA Eclipse Web Site > Solar Eclipses > Solar Eclipse Catalogs > Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series > Summary of Saros Series 125 to 150 > Saros Series 141.
Available @ https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/1901-2000/1955-12-14.gif

Espenak, Fred. "Annular 2442 Oct 04." NASA Eclipse Web Site > Solar Eclipses > Solar Eclipse Catalogs > Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series > Summary of Saros Series 125 to 150 > Saros Series 141.
Available @ https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2401-2500/2442-10-04.gif

Espenak, Fred. "Annular 2460 Oct 14." NASA Eclipse Web Site > Solar Eclipses > Solar Eclipse Catalogs > Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series > Summary of Saros Series 125 to 150 > Saros Series 141.
Available @ https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2401-2500/2460-10-14.gif

Espenak, Fred. "Partial 1613 May 19." NASA Eclipse Web Site > Solar Eclipses > Solar Eclipse Catalogs > Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series > Summary of Saros Series 125 to 150 > Saros Series 141.
Available @ https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/1601-1700/1613-05-19.gif

Espenak, Fred. "Partial 2857 Jun 13." NASA Eclipse Web Site > Solar Eclipses > Solar Eclipse Catalogs > Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series > Summary of Saros Series 125 to 150 > Saros Series 141.
Available @ https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2801-2900/2857-06-13.gif

Espenak, Fred. "Saros 141." EclipseWise > Solar Eclipses > Solar Eclipse Links > Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros -33 to 190 > Summary of Saros 117 to 146.
Available @ http://www.eclipsewise.com/solar/SEsaros/SEsaros141.html

Espenak, Fred. "Saros Series 141." NASA Eclipse Web Site > Solar Eclipses > Solar Eclipse Catalogs > Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series > Summary of Saros Series 125 to 150.
Available @ https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEsaros/SEsaros141.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Dec. 2, 1937, Annular Eclipse Was Second of Two 1937 Solar Eclipses." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Dec. 22, 2021.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/12/dec-2-1937-annular-eclipse-was-second.html

The Purloined Puzzle Affects Bakerhaven Motel and Colson Road

Summary: The Purloined Puzzle, 18th mystery in the 20 Puzzle Lady mysteries authored by Parnell Hall, affects Bakerhaven motel and Colson Road.

Two hunting knives are archived in the Bakerhaven investigations of two stabbed construction crewmen; March 12, 2011, image of assortment of custom and factory hunting knives in Sparks, Nevada: Mike Searson, Public Domain (CC0 1.0), via Wikimedia Commons

The Purloined Puzzle, 18th mystery in the 20 Puzzle Lady mysteries authored by Parnell Hall (Oct. 31, 1934-Dec. 15, 2020), affects Bakerhaven motel and Colson Road reputations and perhaps rentability and resale.

Bakerhaven motel benefits Bakerhaven economy and residents because it boards various passersby and visitor overflow that family business or national, state or town holidays bring in. Crewmen carrying out unspecified construction near the Starbucks configured somewhere within Bakerhaven mall claim consecutive units through Unit 11 even as Melvin Crabtree clinches Unit 12. Driving distances to Bakerhaven mall and Country Kitchen do not daunt Bakerhaven motel dwellers, whose units perhaps display a coffee corner and a diminutive refrigerator.

Bakerhaven mall entertains fast-food enterprises such as the McDonald’s where number puzzle lady Cora Felton’s grand-niece Jennifer Carter Grant enjoys a playmeal playdate with Ricky Stebbins.

The mall parking lot, its Stop & Shop and its Target respectively furnish space fit for a stabbing victim, Cora’s Dumpster-dived cardboard boxes and hunting knives.

Bakerhaven mall perhaps groups among its eateries the Chinese restaurant where Carter/Felton/Grant family members, other Bakerhavenites, perhaps motel occupants get takeout orange beef or sesame chicken. Country Kitchen bar and restaurant harvests long-term customers such as Cora with or without attorney Becky Baldwin or ex-husband Melvin and short-term customers from Bakerhaven motel. Sixteen-year-old Peggy Dawson itinerates not at all infrequently from the family farmhouse on Colson Road in brother Johnny’s pickup truck to Bakerhaven motel and Country Kitchen.

A blood-stained hunting knife and two stabbing deaths among the construction crew perhaps jeopardize the respective rentability, reputation and resale of Bakerhaven motel and Colson Road.

In- and near-town transportation routes know perhaps few, perhaps many pot-holed, rutted roads as Colson Road, where the Dawson family kept a hillside, old farmhouse.

Lodgings languishing behind a near-unfarmable rocky meadow and lightened by two less members, albeit parents losing their lives in a car accident perhaps already lack luckiness. And yet Johnny maneuvers his car, of unmentioned color and model, to Main Street, from which he manages house showings at Clemson and Sunset street addresses. He navigates Bakerhaven neighborhoods sometimes with and sometimes without Judy Douglas Knauer of Knauer Realty and Holcombe Lane all the way to the Bakerhaven overpass access.

No less than optimum rentability, reputation or resale observed by Bakerhaven motel or Colson Road ought to occur to Knauer Realty as an original downtown organization.

A perished second crewman, positioned on Main Street instead of in Bakerhaven mall’s parking lot, perhaps poses no problems for the profitable persistence of downtown Bakerhaven.

Bakerhaven courthouse, Bakerhaven police station and Mary Cushman’s Bake Shop across from the Bakerhaven public library qualify as quintessential downtown landmarks for Bakerhaven residents and visitors. A stabbing fatality recovered from Main Street perhaps realizes no undue repercussions on the only pizza parlor renting empty second-floor space or retaining its side-street address. It surely signifies no suffering for Becky, who, as the sole Bakerhaven attorney, supplies the pizza parlor with monthly rent for the latter’s one-room, second-floor office.

Trauma terminating two temporary residents and troubling two orphans perhaps try Bakerhaven motel and Colson Road rentability, reputation or resale or tout them for crime-trail tourism.

Ex-husband Melvin Crabtree angles a handkerchief into his attire. His ex-wife, Cora Felton, appears without handkerchiefs, which perhaps never appealed to her after her least favorite marriage to her least favorite husband. And yet she perhaps applauds handkerchiefs such as the suffragette handkerchief archived at The Priest House, West Hoathly, West Sussex, England: Jack1956, CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Two hunting knives are archived in the Bakerhaven investigations of two stabbed construction crewmen; March 12, 2011, image of assortment of custom and factory hunting knives in Sparks, Nevada: Mike Searson, Public Domain (CC0 1.0), via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hunting_knives.jpg

Ex-husband Melvin Crabtree angles a handkerchief into his attire. His ex-wife, Cora Felton, appears without handkerchiefs, which perhaps never appealed to her after her least favorite marriage to her least favorite husband. And yet she perhaps applauds handkerchiefs such as the suffragette handkerchief archived at The Priest House, West Hoathly, West Sussex, England: Jack1956, CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Suffragette_Handkerchief.jpg

For further information:

Hall, Parnell. 2019. Lights! Camera! Puzzles! New York NY; London UK: Pegasus Crime.

Hall, Parnell. 2018. The Purloined Puzzle. New York NY: Minotaur Books, A Thomas Dunne Book, an imprint of St. Martin's Press.

Hall, Parnell. 2017. A Puzzle To Be Named Later. New York NY: Minotaur Books, A Thomas Dunne Book, an imprint of St. Martin's Press.

Hall, Parnell. 2016. Presumed Puzzled. New York NY: Minotaur Books, A Thomas Dunne Book, an imprint of St. Martin's Press.

Hall, Parnell. 2015. Puzzled Indemnity. New York NY: Minotaur Books, A Thomas Dunne Book, an imprint of St. Martin's Press.

Hall, Parnell. 2014. NYPD Puzzle. New York NY: Minotaur Books, A Thomas Dunne Book, an imprint of St. Martin's Press.

Hall, Parnell. 2013. Arsenic and Old Puzzles. New York NY: Minotaur Books, A Thomas Dunne Book, an imprint of St. Martin's Press.

Hall, Parnell. 2012. $10,000 in Small, Unmarked Puzzles. New York NY: Minotaur Books, A Thomas Dunne Book, an imprint of St. Martin's Press.

Hall, Parnell. 2011. The Kenken Killings. New York NY: Minotaur Books, A Thomas Dunne Book, an imprint of St. Martin's Press.

Hall, Parnell. 2010. The Puzzle Lady vs. The Sudoku Lady. New York NY: Minotaur Books, A Thomas Dunne Book, an imprint of St. Martin's Press.

Hall, Parnell. 2009. Dead Man's Puzzle. New York NY: Minotaur Books, A Thomas Dunne Book for Minotaur Books, an imprint of St. Martin's Press.

Hall, Parnell. 2008. The Sudoku Puzzle Murders. New York NY: Thomas Dunne Books St. Martin's Minotaur, an imprint of St. Martin's Press.

Hall, Parnell. 2006. You Have the Right to Remain Puzzled. New York NY: Bantam Books, division of Random House, Inc.

Hall, Parnell. 2005. Stalking the Puzzle Lady. New York NY: Bantam Books, division of Random House, Inc.

Hall, Parnell. 2004. And a Puzzle to Die On. New York NY: Bantam Books, division of Random House, Inc.

Hall, Parnell. 2003. With This Puzzle, I Thee Kill. New York NY: Bantam Books, division of Random House, Inc.

Hall, Parnell. 2002. A Puzzle in a Pear Tree. New York NY: Bantam Books, division of Random House, Inc.

Hall, Parnell. 2001. Puzzled to Death. New York NY: Bantam Books, division of Random House, Inc.

Hall, Parnell. 2000. Last Puzzle & Testament. New York NY: Bantam Books, division of Random House, Inc.

Hall, Parnell. 1999. A Clue for the Puzzle Lady. New York NY: Bantam Books, division of Random House, Inc.

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 December 2021. "All But One Admire Yankee Baseball in A Puzzle To Be Named Later." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/12/all-but-one-admire-yankee-baseball-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 December 2021. "Diet Coke Accounts for Cora in Swimwear in A Puzzle To Be Named Later." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/12/diet-coke-accounts-for-cora-in-swimwear.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 December 2021. "Knauer Realty Arranges Property Rentals in A Puzzle To Be Named Later." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/12/knauer-realty-arranges-property-rentals.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 November 2021. "A Renter Less Affects An Only Bakerhaven Realtor in Presumed Puzzled." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/11/a-renter-less-affects-only-bakerhaven.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 November 2021. "Alcohol and Ativan Accessorize a Carving Knife in Presumed Puzzled." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/11/alcohol-and-ativan-accessorize-carving.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 November 2021. "Bakerhaven Maps Advance or Avoid Glenwood Street With Presumed Puzzled." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/11/bakerhaven-maps-advance-or-avoid.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 November 2021. "Becky Appears Thinner, Younger Than All But Two in Puzzled Indemnity." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/11/becky-appears-thinner-younger-than-all.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 November 2021. "California Buns Appease Cora More Than Cigarettes in Puzzled Indemnity." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/11/california-buns-appease-cora-more-than.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 October 2021. "Bakerhaven Maps Perhaps Add Parking Alerts Since Puzzled Indemnity." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/10/bakerhaven-maps-perhaps-add-parking.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 October 2021. "Bakerhaven Acquaintances in NYPD Puzzle Are One Less for 2020 Censuses." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/10/bakerhaven-acquaintances-in-nypd-puzzle.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 October 2021. "A Killer Perhaps Abhors or Adores New York Coffee in NYPD Puzzle." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/10/a-killer-perhaps-abhors-or-adores-new.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 October 2021. "New York and Bakerhaven Maps Are Not Accessed in NYPD Puzzle." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/10/new-york-and-bakerhaven-maps-are-not.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 September 2021. "Alcohol, Anonymity, Assets Attract Aggression, Arsenic and Old Puzzles." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/09/alcohol-anonymity-assets-attract.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 September 2021. "Elderberry Wine Activates Appalling Actions in Arsenic and Old Puzzles." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/09/elderberry-wine-activates-appalling.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 September 2021. "Bakerhaven Maps and Floor Plans Actualize Arsenic and Old Puzzles." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/09/bakerhaven-maps-and-floor-plans.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 September 2021. "Three Bodies Alarm Bakerhaven in $10,000 in Small, Unmarked Puzzles."Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/09/three-bodies-alarm-bakerhaven-in-10000.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 August 2021. "Cora Aspires to Smaller Sizes in $10,000 in Small, Unmarked Puzzles." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/08/cora-aspires-to-smaller-sizes-in-10000.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 August 2021. "Maps Allow a Las Vegan Access to $10,000 in Small, Unmarked Puzzles." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/08/maps-allow-las-vegan-access-to-10000-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 August 2021. "Arranging Alimony and Avoiding Alimony Activate The KenKen Killings." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/08/arranging-alimony-and-avoiding-alimony.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 August 2021. "Perhaps Sherry Alone Avoids Bakerhaven Eateries in The KenKen Killings." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/08/perhaps-sherry-alone-avoids-bakerhaven.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 August 2021. "New Yorkers Access Bakerhaven and Account for The KenKen Killings." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/08/new-yorkers-access-bakerhaven-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 July 2021. "One Accident Augurs Three Deaths in The Puzzle Lady vs The Sudoku Lady." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/07/one-accident-augurs-three-deaths-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 July 2021. "Perhaps The Puzzle Lady vs The Sudoku Lady Argues About Latte vs Tea." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/07/perhaps-puzzle-lady-vs-sudoku-lady.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 July 2021. "Bakerhaven Arrivals Are by Car in The Puzzle Lady vs The Sudoku Lady." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/07/bakerhaven-arrivals-are-by-car-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 July 2021. "Intestate Acts Are, Are Not Intestate Actualities in Dead Man’s Puzzle." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/07/intestate-acts-are-are-not-intestate.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 June 2021. "Fast Food and Safari Food Are For Puzzle Ladies in Dead Man’s Puzzle." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/06/fast-food-and-safari-food-are-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 June 2021. "Alabama and New York Add to Bakerhaven Traffic in Dead Man’s Puzzle." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/06/alabama-and-new-york-add-to-bakerhaven.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 June 2021. "All Are Aware of Private Investigators in The Sudoku Puzzle Murders." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/06/all-are-aware-of-private-investigators.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 June 2021. "Martini, Muffins, Pancakes and Scotch Allay The Sudoku Puzzle Murders." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/06/martini-muffins-pancakes-and-scotch.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 June 2021. "Bakerhaven, New York and Tokyo Are Close in The Sudoku Puzzle Murders." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/06/bakerhaven-new-york-and-tokyo-are-close.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 May 2021. "Betting, Puzzling, Suing Are Why You Have the Right to Remain Puzzled." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/05/betting-puzzling-suing-are-why-you-have.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 May 2021. "Starbucks Caramel Adds Acuity in You Have the Right to Remain Puzzled." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/05/starbucks-caramel-adds-acuity-in-you.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 May 2021. "You Have the Right to Remain Puzzled Alerts Us About Bakerhaven Trains." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/05/you-have-right-to-remain-puzzled-alerts.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 May 2021. "One Knife, Two Deaths, Four Puzzles Aid in Stalking the Puzzle Lady." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/04/granville-grains-corn-toasties-appall.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 April 2021. "Granville Grains Corn Toasties Appall Cora in Stalking the Puzzle Lady." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/04/granville-grains-corn-toasties-appall.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 April 2021. "Coastal Connecticut Attracts Reality Ads in Stalking the Puzzle Lady." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/04/coastal-connecticut-attracts-reality.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 April 2021. "And a Puzzle to Die On Augments Bakerhaven Acquaintances by One." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/04/and-puzzle-to-die-on-augments.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 April 2021. "A Birthday Bash And a Puzzle to Die On Await Cora and an Outsider." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/04/a-birthday-bash-and-puzzle-to-die-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 March 2021. "Bakerhaven Maps Aim a Victim at a Birthday Bash And a Puzzle to Die On." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/bakerhaven-maps-aim-victim-at-birthday.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 March 2021. "Four Cryptograms Assure Two Deaths in With This Puzzle, I Thee Kill." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/four-cryptograms-assure-two-deaths-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 March 2021. "Honeyed Lemoned Teas Are For Fiancees in With This Puzzle, I Thee Kill." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/honeyed-lemoned-teas-are-for-fiancees.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 March 2021. "Manhattan and San Diego Account For Why With This Puzzle, I Thee Kill." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/manhattan-and-san-diego-account-for-why.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 March 2021. "Christmas Carolers Are Three Voices Short in A Puzzle in a Pear Tree." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/christmas-carolers-are-three-voices.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 February 2021. "A Puzzle in a Pear Tree Alters a Christmas Pageant and a Live Nativity." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/a-puzzle-in-pear-tree-alters-christmas.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 February 2021. "Tristate Access Adds a Broadway Director to A Puzzle in a Pear Tree." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/tristate-access-adds-broadway-director.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 February 2021. "Attorney Becky Baldwin Maybe Aces New York Lawyers in Puzzled to Death." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/attorney-becky-baldwin-maybe-aces-new.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 February 2021. "Perhaps Fun Night Attendees Ate All Free Desserts in Puzzled to Death." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/perhaps-fun-night-attendees-ate-all.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 January 2021. "New Yorkers Adapt to Less Light and More Parking in Puzzled to Death." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/new-yorkers-adapt-to-less-light-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 January 2021. "Fifteen Million Dollars Avenge Old Wrongs in Last Puzzle and Testament." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/fifteen-million-dollars-avenge-old.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 January 2021. "Chicken Soup Awes All But Appears Nowhere in Last Puzzle and Testament." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/chicken-soup-awes-all-but-appears.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 January 2021. "Interstate Highways Add More Hurley Heirs to Last Puzzle and Testament." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/interstate-highways-add-more-hurley.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 December 2020. "Bakerhaven Acquaintances Afford A Clue for the Puzzle Lady." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/12/bakerhaven-acquaintances-afford-clue.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 December 2020. "Bakerhaven Alcohol Acts as A Clue for the Puzzle Lady." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/12/bakerhaven-alcohol-acts-as-clue-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 December 2020. "An Actual Bakerhaven Map Never Appears as A Clue for the Puzzle Lady." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/12/an-actual-bakerhaven-map-never-appears.html

Poe, Edgar A. “The Purloined Letter.” The Gift: A Christmas, New Year, and Birthday Present MDCCCXLV: 41-61. Philadelphia PA: Carey and Hart, 1845.
Available from The Bancroft Library, University of California Berkeley via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/giftchristmasnew00carerich/page/n56/mode/1up

"Puzzle Lady." Parnell Hall.com > Books. Website by Kate Anchev/Outbox Online Design Studio.
Available @ http://parnellhall.com/puzzle-lady/