South Indian Caesar Salads: Classic and Wrap Variations in Chennai

Summary: South Indian Caesar Salads are available in such diverse recipes as the classic and wrap variations in Chennai, cosmopolitan capital of Tamil Nadu.

fresh-baked flatbread wrap-arounds of Chicken Caesar Salad in The Dining Room at luxurious Park Hyatt Chennai: Park Hyatt Chennai @ParkHyattChenn, via Twitter July 7, 2021

Caesar Salad originated in 1924 in Caesar's Restaurant, owned by Italian immigrant restauranteur Cesare "Caesar" Cardini (Feb. 24, 1896-Nov. 3, 1956) in Tijuana, Baja California state, northwestern Mexico. Less than 100 years after its creation, the classic recipe has achieved global familiarity and popularity and inspired enticing variations. Caesar Salad is consumed on all seven of Earth's continents. (Indeed, Seabourn, the ultra-luxury cruise line, noted in the company's Oct. 24, 2019, announcement of a voyage to Antarctica and Patagonia "table-side preparations of Caesar salad" as a treat for guests.)

Chennai, the cosmopolitan capital of Tamil Nadu state, conforms with the rest of the Indian subcontinent in appreciating Caesar Salad as a classic dish and as a recipe receptive to creativity. Known as Madras until August 1996, Chennai basks on the Bay of Bengal's picturesque Coromandel Coast as the Gateway to South India.

Food numbers among Chennai's many attributes. Chennai's culinary expertise was recognized through inclusion, as the only South Asian city, in National Geographic's "Top 10 Food Cities" list of 2015. Appearing after Louisville, Kentucky, Chennai was followed by Buffalo, New York; Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Lyon, France; Cincinnati, Ohio; Osaka, Japan; Bologna, Italy; Edam, the Netherlands; and Ensenada, Mexico.

The Raintree Hotel, St. Mary's Road, is sited in Alwarpet, central Chennai. The five-star hotel is located southwest of Kapaleeshwarar Temple, a seventh-century complex dedicated to Shiva, the Hindu God of destruction. Self-described as "the warm boutique hotel, on a quiet, green avenue," The Raintree features three dining rooms: Colony, Chap Chay and Above Sea Level, the rooftop lounge.

Ritesh Patil, Chef de Cuisine for the rooftop lounge, shares his presentation of Cesare Cardini's salad in "Make the Perfect Caesar Salad," published Sep. 19, 2014, in The Hindu. Chef Ritesh's version adds bacon rashers (thinly-sliced bacon), brined anchovy fillets, black pepper (3 tablespoons) and lime juice to the original ingredients. It should be noted that variations of the original recipe often include anchovy fillets, which recapture the anchovy-like taste bestowed by Worcestershire sauce.

He portions two handfuls of romaine leaves for the salad's base. He constructs his dressing by halving one clove of garlic for rubbing the inside of the dressing bowl and then whisking two coddled eggs into olive oil (120 milliliters [4.05 ounces; a little over 1/2 cup]). One lime's juice, Parmesan cheese (grated, then powdered; 50 grams [1/4 cup]), salt (to taste), chopped anchovy fillets ((30 grams [1.05822 ounces; 3/8 cup]) and extra virgin olive oil (EVOO; 10 milliliters [0.33814 ounces; a little over two teaspoons]) complete the dressing. The golden croutons come from stale or old bread (60 grams [1/2 cup]), torn into one-inch pieces, for baking and tossing in 3 tablespoons of olive oil at 190° C. (374° F.), for about 10 to 15 minutes. Chef Ritesh recommends using a vegetable peeler for the seven to eight thin shavings of Parmesan cheese that top the salad.

Chef Ritesh extols Caesar Salad as an easy-to-make "heavenly classic." He identifies the salad's ability to please various taste buds via romaine's mildly bitter sweetness, lime's sourness, bacon's saltiness and the pungent interaction of parmesan with anchovies.

Chef Ritesh, a native Mumbaiker, says that, as of 2014, he had been living in Chennai for eight years. In "No Shortcut to Success," published Jan. 30, 2015, in The Hindu, he identifies his background as belonging to coastal Maharashtra state's Koli (fishermen) community. He relocated to Australia in 2015 and, since January 2019, has been Head Chef at Edwin Wine Bar & Cellar in Caroline Springs, Victoria state, southeastern Australia.

The Park Hyatt Hotel Chennai is sited on Velachery Road, southwest of The Raintree Hotel. The Park Hyatt Chennai aesthetically neighbors near Guindy National Park, the former game reserve that shelters Raj Bhavan ("Governor's Residence"), formerly Guindry Lodge and now the official residence of Tamil Nadu's governor.

The five-star hotel offers three restaurants, The Dining Room, The Flying Elephant and Mr. Ong -- The Flavours of Singapore. According to the hotel's website, the restaurants aim to "showcase a wide variety of cuisines portraying the diverse facets of Park Hyatt."

Balaji Natarajan has been The Park Hyatt Chennai's Executive Chef since October 2018. The native Tamilian began his career at the hotel as Executive Sous Chef in March 2012.

Inspiration for The Dining Room's menu comes from local household kitchens, with the mission of blending authenticity with home-style comfort food. The Dining Room's menu includes wraps, made from flatbreads freshly baked in the restaurant's bakery. The menu notes wraps as satisfying as "a snack or even a light meal." All wraps are served with a side of French fries. Wrap selections feature Freshly Baked Pita with Mediterranean Falafel, BBQ Pineapple Wrap and Breaded Chicken Caesar Salad. The Chicken Caesar Salad Wrap is accompanied with "tomato sauce (no bacon)," perfect for dipping fries and wraps.

India's flatbreads are "perfect for meals, snacks, on-the-go wraps, or appetizers," explains Mumbai-born, Ra'anana, Israel-transplanted, cake artist and food blogger Veena Azmanov in her Jan. 17, 2022, post, "Indian Flatbread -- Chapati, Roti, Paratha." The subcontinent's panoply of flatbreads tallies over 30 different types, according to restaurant reviewer Althea Tan's article, "Beginner's Guide to Indian Breads: 9 Types to Start With," posted Aug. 6, 2019, on Michelin Guide magazine's Dining Out section.

Chennai's seamless blend of modernity with tradition provides the inspiring setting for the internationally-favored Caesar Salad. The classic dish finds expression both in its original format and as creative variations.

The Raintree Hotel's Above Sea Level rooftop lounge's indoor and outdoor settings provide the perfect ambience for such gustatory delights as classic Caesar Salad: The Raintree, St Marys Road @The.Raintree.Stmarysroad, via Facebook Feb. 16, 2022

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

fresh-baked flatbread wrap-arounds of Chicken Caesar Salad in The Dining Room at luxurious Park Hyatt Chennai: Park Hyatt Chennai @ParkHyattChenn, via Twitter July 7, 2021, @ https://twitter.com/ParkHyattChenn/status/1412742102866219009

The Raintree Hotel's Above Sea Level rooftop lounge's indoor and outdoor settings provide the perfect ambience for such gustatory delights as classic Caesar Salad: The Raintree, St Marys Road @The.Raintree.Stmarysroad, via Facebook Feb. 16, 2022, @ https://www.facebook.com/The.Raintree.Stmarysroad/posts/4790465067688683

For further information:

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Park Hyatt Chennai @ParkHyattChenn. "Midweek indulgence should include a Chicken Caesar Salad Wrap. Light, nutritious and delightful. Enjoy in the comfort of your home or drop by The Dining Room. Call +91 8939871128 or visit http://spr.ly/6187yymWP." Twitter. July 7, 2021.
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Shangri-La Is Equatorial Dark Albedo Feature on Titan's Far Side

Summary: Shangri-La is an equatorial dark albedo feature on Titan's far side that lies to the east of the Huygens probe's January 2005 landing site.

Image, obtained July 25, 2016, during flyby T122, with Cassini spacecraft's Synthetic Aperture radar (SAR) shows Shangri-La Sand Sea as landforms patterned by wind and topography; illumination of scene by radar from upper right at a 27-degree incidence angle; image addition date 2016-09-07; image credit NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASI: May be used for any purpose without prior permission, via NASA JPL Photojournal

Shangri-La is an equatorial dark albedo feature on Titan's far side that lies in eastern proximity to the Huygens probe's Jan. 14, 2005, landing site in the northeastern edge of Adiri, Shangri-La's western neighbor.

Shangri-La is centered at minus 10 degrees south latitude, 165 degrees west longitude, according to the International Astronomical Union’s (IAU) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. The Gazetteer identifies the dark albedo feature's center latitude and longitude as its northernmost and southernmost latitudes and its easternmost and westernmost longitudes, respectively.

Bright albedo feature Adiri neighbors to the west of Shangri-La. Adiri is centered at minus 10 degrees south latitude, 210 degrees west longitude. The southern equatorial belt-centered bright feature's center coordinates are repeated as its northernmost-southernmost latitudes and easternmost-westernmost longitudes.

Western Shangri-La borders the landing site of the Cassini-Huygens Mission's Huygens probe. The European Space Agency's Huygens probe separated from the Cassini spacecraft on Christmas, Dec. 25, 2004, and touched down Jan. 14, 2005, on Adiri's northeastern edge.

Shangri-La's northern neighbor is Dilmun. The bright albedo feature is centered at 15 degrees north, 175 degrees west longitude. Dilmun's center latitude and longitude are given as its northernmost-southernmost latitudes and easternmost-westernmost longitudes, respectively.

Shangri-La's eastern neighbor is Xanadu. The bright albedo feature is centered at minus 15 degrees south latitude, 100 degrees west longitude. Xanadu's northernmost and southernmost latitudes extend to 10 degrees north and minus 40 degrees south, respectively. Its easternmost and westernmost longitudes stretch to 65 and 150 degrees west, respectively. Xanadu's diameter spans 3,400 kilometers.

Dunes, comprised of dunes and interdunes, dominate Titan's equatorial belt. The southern and northern low latitude landform is described as dune fields and as dune, or sand, seas.

Shangri-La's abundant dunes appear to evince their thickest sand deposits in the dark albedo feature's south-southeast regions, along Shangri-La's boundary with northwestern Xanadu, according to planetary geologist B.D. Lake and five co-authors in their report, "Sand Distribution and Possible Surface Albedo Influences in the Shangri-La Sand Sea of Titan," presented Wednesday, May 13, 2020, at the Sixth International Planetary Dunes Workshop. Shangri-La's relative sand abundances are interpreted as 17 percent high thickness, 70 percent moderate thickness and 13 percent thin deposits.

Highland topography occurs in both northern and southern Shangri-La. Shangri-La's southeastern margins, however, abruptly encounter Xanadu's lowlands. Apart from a northern east-west aligning ridge, Xanadu favors low elevations. Lake and the presentation's five co-authors consider colliding air currents of Xanadu's katabatic, or cold density-driven, winds with Shangri-La's sand-bearing westerlies, as a possible explanation for the unusual geomorphology of thick highland deposits along a lowland interface.

Another phenomenon of thickness appears as a narrow strip of thick sand cutting through the primarily moderate sand coverage of eastern Shangri-La's southwestern region. The thickly deposited corridor could represent accumulations shaped by prevailing wind direction in a low-elevated area.

Shangri-La numbered as one of three areas examined for the presence of acetylene by planetary scientist Sandeep Singh and eight co-authors in their study, "Acetylene on Titan's Surface," published in the Sep. 1, 2016, issue of The Astrophysical Journal. No acetylene was detected at Tui Regio, an equatorial basin located to the east of Shangri-La. The parallel dark albedo duo of Fensal and Aztlan, sited to the east of Shangri-La and Tui Regio on Titan's Saturn-facing side, exhibited strong absorption bands of acetylene. The study's targeted area of eastern Shangri-La revealed the strongest detection and the general presence of acetylene on Shangri-La's terrain of dark dune seas. The successful detection of acetylene on Titan's surface in the dune seas of dark Fensal-Aztlan and dark Shangri-La confirmed the study's predicted association of acetylene with low albedo features.

Northwestern Shangri-La has been selected as the landing site for NASA's planned astrobiology mission's rotorcraft, Dragonfly. Launch date has been scheduled for June 2027, according to editor Tricia Talbert's Titan feature, "Dragonfly Launch Moved to 2027," published Sep. 25, 2020, and updated Aug. 4, 2021. Dragonfly is expected to reach Titan by 2034.

The International Astronomical Union approved Shangri-La's name in 2006. The Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature originates the name in the "Tibetan mythical land of eternal youth." The spelling of the dark albedo feature's name was changed from the approved Shangri-la to Shangri-La in April 20, 2009, to conform with the idyllic land's spelling in Lost Horizon, published in 1933 by English novelist James Hilton (Sep. 9, 1900-Dec. 20, 1954).

Titan VIMS (Visible and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer) image shows equatorial dark albedo feature Shangri-La (upper left) with northern neighbor, bright Dilmun, and eastern neighbor, bright Xanadu, on Titan's anti-Saturn, far side: map credit NASA/JPL/University of Airzona, via IAU/USGS Astrogeology Science Center Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Image, obtained July 25, 2016, during flyby T122, with Cassini spacecraft's Synthetic Aperture radar (SAR) shows Shangri-La Sand Sea as landforms patterned by wind and topography; illumination of scene by radar from upper right at a 27-degree incidence angle; image addition date 2016-09-07; image credit NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASI: May be used for any purpose without prior permission, via NASA JPL Photojournal @ https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA20710

Titan VIMS (Visible and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer) image shows equatorial dark albedo feature Shangri-La (upper left) with northern neighbor, bright Dilmun, and eastern neighbor, bright Xanadu, on Titan's anti-Saturn, far side: map credit NASA/JPL/University of Airzona, via IAU/USGS Astrogeology Science Center Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/images/titan_VIMS_comp.pdf

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Seven Deaths Afflict One Detective in Drungi, Anglicized as The Island

Summary: Seven deaths afflict one detective in Drungi, anglicized as The Island, second thriller in the Hidden Iceland trilogy authored by Ragnar Jónasson.

Author Ragnar Jónasson angles four characters into a hunting lodge assembled by the Ellidaey Hunting Association in 1953. His characters are fictitious even as his settings are accurate and actual. Ellidaey island in the Vestmannaeyjar ("Westman Islands") archipelago off southern Iceland, not Ellidaey island in Breiðafjördur ("Wide Fjord") bay between northwestern Iceland's Vestfirðir ("West Fjords") region and Snæfellsnes peninsula, attracted cattle-raising, puffin-hunting families from the 1700s until the 1930s and, in Drungi, anglicized as The Island, Alexandra, Benedikt and Dagur one weekend in October 1997: Pinpin, CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons

Seven deaths in 10 years afflict one detective in Drungi, literally acknowledging drowsiness, heavy weather or stupor but anglicized as The Island, second thriller in the Hidden Iceland trilogy by Ragnar Jónasson.

The second book about Reykjavík Detective Inspector Hulda Hermannsdóttir (“Herman’s daughter” or “unknown soldier’s daughter”) begins with 21-year-old Klara Jónsdóttir (“John’s daughter”) behaving bizarrely while babysitting. The couple, whose contact information Jónasson chooses not to convey, call upon Klara, whose mother Agnes the wife considers among the next street’s casual, speaking-terms acquaintances. Their seven-year-old daughter does not delight this evening in ice cream, meatballs and popcorn during rented films on the rented VCR from the local video shop.

The couple exit their second-floor flat at 6:30 p.m., not 6:00 p.m., and 7:00 p.m. dinner with the wife’s ministry colleagues at 11:00 p.m., not midnight.

Klara frequently fashions herself after Katla, 20-year-old friend found a few days after fatally falling in her family’s summer cottage in West Fjords last October 1987.

Benedikt, Katla and Klara, as Kópavogur residents and schoolmates, get together, from primary school, through sixth form, to and after school-leaving examinations, with Katla’s friend Alexandra. Alexandra, bilingual through her Icelandic mother and her Italian father, habitated Italy her first two years, then eastern Iceland before and after 10 years in Reykjavík. The trio is a quartet with Katla’s 19-year-old brother, Dagur Veturlidason, and a quintet with Alexandra, who perhaps inhabits Kópavogur but is instructed in another institution.

Detective Inspector Hulda Hermannsdóttir journeys to West Fjords for the first of seven deaths in Drungi, anglicized as The Island, and Westman Islands for the last.

October 1987 kindles Alexandra without her husband and two sons, 29-year-old banker Dagur, 30-year-old software businessman Benedikt and 30-year-old Klara, stay-at-home only temporarily employed, getting together.

His uncle Sigurdur lets Benedikt, for a weekend with Alexandra, Dagur and Klara, into the hunting lodge linked with the local puffin-hunting association on Ellidaey island. One forensic technician and two policemen meet Hulda at Heimaey airport and make it to Sigurdur’s ferry to Ellidaey island to mount accident- or violent-death investigations. University Hospital Department of Pathology lab worker Saemundur noticing something post-mortem necessitates Hulda notifying Andrés Andrésson and, as first Emil’s, then Snorri’s successor, her boss, Lýdur.

Her daughter and perhaps her father dying most overwhelm Reykjavík Detective Inspector Hulda Hermannsdóttir of seven deaths in 10 years in Drungi, anglicized as The Island.

Ísafjördur Police Inspector Andrésson, as husband, father, grandfather, pays a personal price for pursuing with Lýdur how accountant Veturlidi’s and bank cashier Vera’s daughter Katla perished.

Hulda quests Alexandra’s unnamed relatives in Kópavogur; Klara’s parents, Agnes and Vilhjálmur; and Police Officer Thorvandur about Benedikt and Dagur as respectively quarrelsome 15- and 19-year-olds. She rallies from her husband Jón’s and her mother Anna’s deaths in 1989 and 1997 even as she still regrets 13-year-old daughter Dimma dying Christmas 1987. Should Robert, married ex-serviceman in Savannah, Georgia, suggesting another Robert, surviving until 1992 with wife, children, grandchildren, spending Keflavík base weekends off with Anna satisfy Hulda?

Seven deaths trouble Reykjavík Detective Inspector Hulda Hermannsdóttir even as she, perhaps like Lýdur, trips over accidental versus violent deaths in Drungi, anglicized as The Island.

All the characters in Drungi, anglicized as The Island, are geographically literate. Alexandra, Dagur and Klara personally and Hulda professionally associate Ellidaey island with Westman Islands even as another Ellidaey island approaches the biographical area, in the West Fjords region, of the first death, whose tenth anniversary assembles Katla's four most intimate acquaintances in her death year, 1987: Alchemist-hp at the german wikipedia (Heinrich Pniok), Free Art License 1.3, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Author Ragnar Jónasson angles four characters into a hunting lodge assembled by the Ellidaey Hunting Association in 1953. His characters are fictitious even as his settings are accurate and actual. Ellidaey island in the Vestmannaeyjar (Westman Islands) archipelago off southern Iceland, not Ellidaey island in Breiðafjördur ("Wide Fjord") bay between northwestern Iceland's Vestfirðir ("West Fjords") region and Snæfellsnes peninsula, attracted cattle-raising, puffin-hunting families from the 1700s until the 1930s and, in Drungi, anglicized as The Island, Alexandra, Benedikt and Dagur one weekend in October 1997: Pinpin, CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vestmann_archipel_topographic_map-fr.svg

All the characters in Drungi, anglicized as The Island, are geographically literate. Alexandra, Dagur and Klara personally and Hulda professionally associate Ellidaey island with Westman Islands even as another Ellidaey island approaches the biographical area, in the West Fjords region, of the first death, whose tenth anniversary assembles Katla's four most intimate acquaintances in her death year, 1987: Alchemist-hp at the german wikipedia (Heinrich Pniok), Free Art License 1.3, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Elliðaey_(Breiðafjörður)_Iceland_M74A1908.jpg

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