'Ulu Hawaiian Breadfruit To Do One's Duty on Five-0's E Ho'oko Kuleana

Summary: Hawaii Five-0's E Ho'oko Kuleana: To Do One's Duty March 30, 2018, perhaps alternates vending machine Twinkies with 'ulu Hawaiian breadfruit sandwiches.

Hawaiian breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis), known as 'ulu in Hawaiian; Keopuolani Regional Park, Kahului, north central Maui; July 3, 2006: Forest & Kim Starr, CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Are 'ulu Hawaiian breadfruit sandwiches the actual alternatives to vending machine Twinkies on the Hawaii Five-0 active police procedural television series episode E Ho'oko Kuleana: To Do One's Duty March 30, 2018?

Director Alex O'Loughlin and writers Matt Wheeler and David Wolkove build the eighth season's 18th episode around criminal evidence for arrests, neighborhood patrols and witness protection. The series' 186th episode overall considers Agent Colin McNeal's (Gonzalo Menendez) duty to arrest Hawaii Five-0 Task Force member Adam Noshimuri (Ian Anthony Dale) for murder. It details Hawaii Five-0 Task Force Officers Junior Reigns (Beulah Koale) and Tani Rey (Meaghan Rath) dong patrol duties demanded of Honolulu Police Department Academy graduates.

Ray Gardner's (Daniel Kaemon) suicide encourages Detective Danny Williams' (Scott Caan) examining efforts to extricate Brooke Gardner (Joanna Christie) from a physically and verbally abusive husband.

Danno finds the freed Brooke "a couple sandwiches," since "I can't have you eating the Twinkies in the vending machine. They could be 25 years old."

Danno, as an Italian food-loving New Jersey policeman, more likely gets together Italian bread with sandwich fixings than 'ulu Hawaiian breadfruit sandwiches, poi, desserts and beverages. Ancient Polynesians headed to the Hawaiian archipelago with canoe plants, such as 'ulu Hawaiian breadfruit, native of Indonesia, Micronesia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu. Adventitious basal shoots, seeds and vegetative cuttings increase 'ulu Hawaiian breadfruit, identified by Sydney Parkinson (1745?-Jan. 26, 1771) and Francis Fosberg (May 20, 1908-Sept. 25, 1993).

'Ulu Hawaiian breadfruit juggles edible, grindable, single-seeded achenes (from Greek ἀ-, "not" and χαίνω, khaínō, "gape") within fleshy perianths (from Greek περί, "around" and άνθος, "flower").

The Moraceae (from μόρον, "black mulberry" and Latin -āceae, "resembling") jackfruit and mulberry family member knows five- to seven-layered, immaturely starchy green, maturely custardy brown-yellow skin.

White- to yellow-fleshed, 11.81-inch- (3-decimeter-) long, 8.82- to 13.23-pound (250-gram to 6-kilogram), 3.54- to 7.87-inch- (9- to 20-centimeter-) wide 'ulu Hawaiian breadfruit looks smooth to spiny-surfaced. Their compound false fruit manifests hexagonal superficial disks from the merged, swollen petaled corollas and sepaled calyxes of 1,500 to 2,000 ball-shaped, lime-green, prickly female flowers. Monoecious (from Greek μόνος, "only" and οἰκία, "house") 'ulu Hawaiian breadfruit nets cylindrical, green-yellow, 1.97-inch (5-centimeter) diameter, 17.72-inch- (45-centimeter-) long male flowers three days before female.

'Ulu Hawaiian breadfruit, organized scientifically as Artocarpus altilis (from Greek άρτος, "bread" and καρπός, "fruit, grain"; and same-spelled Latin, "fattened"), offers black-green, glossy, leathery, yellow-veined leaves.

Gray, smooth-barked, 15- to 30-plus-foot- (4.57- to 9.14-meter-) long 'ulu Hawaiian breadfruit branches present alternative-positioned, 5.91- to 35.83-inch- (15- to 91-centimeter-) long, maximally seven-lobed, terminal leaves.

Seventy-year insect-repellent, shipworm-resistant, termite-tolerant life cycles queue up 23.62- to 39.37-inch (60- to 100-centimeter) diameter trunks and 39.37- to 85.3-foot (12- to 26-meter) canopies and heights. Soil pHs 6.1 to 7.4 reap 0.59- to 2.36-inch (1.5- to 6-centimeter) diameter, 5.91- to 7.87-inch- (15- to 20-centimeter-) long tap-like, 59.06-plus-inch- (150-plus-centimeter-) long lateral, roots. Annual 78.74-plus-inch (2,000-plus-millimeter) rainfall at 60.8 to 86 degrees Fahrenheit (16 to 30 degrees Celsius) and 2,132.55- to 5,085.3-foot (650- to 1,550-meter) altitudes sustain Hawaiian breadfruit.

Perhaps traditional Hawaiian culture-loving Hawaii Five-0 Lieutenant Commander Steve McGarrett (Alex O'Loughlin) and confidential informant Kamekona Tupuola (Taylor Wily) tend their own 'ulu Hawaiian breadfruit trees.

Hawaii Five-0 Task Force's Junior Reigns (Beulah Koale) and Tani Rey (Meaghan Rath) have to spend a day as beat cops in CBS TV's Hawaii Five-0, season 8, episode 18, E Ho'Oko Kuleana (To Do One's Duty): CBS Hawaii Five-0 episode 8.18 promotional photo via SpoilerTV March 30, 2018

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Hawaiian breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis), known as 'ulu in Hawaiian; Keopuolani Regional Park, Kahului, north central Maui; July 3, 2006: Forest & Kim Starr, CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Starr_060703-8342_Artocarpus_altilis.jpg

Hawaii Five-0 Task Force's Junior Reigns (Beulah Koale) and Tani Rey (Meaghan Rath) have to spend a day as beat cops in CBS TV's Hawaii Five-0, season 8, episode 18, E Ho'Oko Kuleana (To Do One's Duty): CBS Hawaii Five-0 episode 8.18 promotional photo via SpoilerTV March 30, 2018, @ https://www.spoilertv.com/2018/03/hawaii-five-0-episode-818-e-hooko.html

For further information:

"Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg" Tropicos® > Name Search.
Available @ https://www.tropicos.org/Name/21300472

"E Ho'oko Kuleana: To Do One's Duty." Hawaii Five-0: The Eighth Season. Los Angeles CA: Paramount Pictures Corporation, March 30, 2018.

Fosberg, F.R. (Francis Raymond). 15 March 1941. "Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg [Moraceae]." "Botany. - Names in Amaranthus, Artocarpus and Inocarpus. F. R. Fosberg, U.S. Bureau of Plant Industry. (Communicated by W. T. Swingle.)." Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, vol. 31, no. 3: 95.
Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/39691783

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 March 2018. “Chlorine Gas on Hawaii Five-0 2010's Holapu Ke Ahi Koe Iho Ka Lehu.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/03/chlorine-gas-on-hawaii-five-0-2010s.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 March 2018. “Golden Plovers and Stars of Heaven Know Where Pae Is on Hawaii Five-0.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/03/golden-plovers-and-stars-of-heaven-know.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 February 2018. “A Coral Reef Strengthens Out to Land on Hawaii Five-0 with Lobe Corals.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/02/a-coral-reef-strengthens-out-to-land-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 January 2018. “No Southern House Mosquitoes on Hawaii Five-0's Na Keikia Kalaihaohia.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/01/no-southern-house-mosquitoes-on-hawaii.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 January 2018. “What Is Gone Is Not Hawaiian Bobtail Squid on Hawaii Five-0 2010.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/01/what-is-gone-is-not-hawaiian-bobtail.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 January 2018. “Criminals Rare as Guernsey Dairy Cattle on Hawaii Five-0 The Roundup.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/01/criminals-rare-as-guernsey-dairy-cattle.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 January 2018. “Hawaiian Cattle Roundups and Hawaii Five-0 2010 The Roundup Criminals.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/01/hawaiian-cattle-roundups-and-hawaii.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 November 2010. “Hawaii Shave Ice Images and Take-Outs on Hawaii Five-0 2010 Ho'apono.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/11/hawaii-shave-ice-images-and-take-outs.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 November 2010. “Hawaiian Wild Boars Around Hawaii Five-0 2010's North Shore of O'ahu.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/11/hawaiian-wild-boars-around-hawaii-five.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 November 2010. “Limu Lipoa Hawaiian Seaweed on Hawaii Five-0 2010 Episode Nalowale.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/11/limu-lipoa-hawaiian-seaweed-on-hawaii.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 November 2010. “Hawaiian Blueberry Botanical Illustrations for Hawaii Five-0 Pancakes.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/11/hawaiian-blueberry-botanical.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 November 2010. “Hawaii Five-0 2010: Respect the Land and the Pizza Without Pineapples?” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/11/hawaii-five-0-2010-respect-land-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 November 2010. “Pygmy Hippopotamuses for Grace of the Hawaii Five-0 2010 Family?” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/11/pygmy-hippopotamuses-for-grace-of.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 November 2010. “Pineappley Hala Tree Botanical Illustrations for Hawaii Five-0 Pilot.” Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/11/pineappley-hala-tree-botanical.html

White, Lynton Dove. "'Ulu." Canoe Plants of Ancient Hawai'i > Table of Contents.
Available @ https://www.canoeplants.com/ulu.html

Hatton Garden Safe Deposit Company Heist: 7 Sentences, Nothing Back

Summary: The Hatton Garden Safe Deposit Company heist April 2-5, 2015, in London, England, got nothing back from seven charged, convicted, sentenced suspects.

(left) passageway drilled by April 2015 heisters through 19.68-inch- (50-centimeter-) thick walls of Hatton Garden Safe Deposit Company; (right) sketch of defendants by courtroom artist Elizabeth Cook of Sky News, (front row left to right) Paul Rader, William Lincoln, John Collins, Brian Reader and Hugh Doyle; (back row left to right) Daniel Jones, Terry Perkins (obscured) and Carl Wood: Jess Bell ‏@Jessbellnews via Twitter Sept. 1, 2015

The Hatton Garden Safe Deposit Company heist April 2, 2015, in London, England, United Kingdom, accomplished what it attempted to achieve because of adventitious fires and announced bank holidays and despite alarms.

The Hatton Garden Safe Deposit Company break-in belongs among England's biggest burglaries and heists as a crime-based, high-valued intervention without coercive, fearful, forceful, intimidating face-to-face interactions. Its careful conduct considered all but one technological challenge that changed an otherwise cautious conception into a clandestine crime whose concealment collapsed not long after completion. Its discovery depended upon the end of bank holiday's deferring to Easter's and Passover's co-occurrence even though its description drew upon physical evidence and surveillance footage.

The Hatton Garden Safe Deposit Company heist enabled its executors to extract £200 million ($296.6 million) in diamonds and valuables but exposed them on closed-circuit television.

Fires from faulty electrical cables flared for two days and focused London Fire Brigade and metropolitan police forces on nearby Kingsway from April 1 to 3.

The at-large ginger-haired burglar nicknamed Basil got in through the main door and got five others in through the fire escape door and the elevator shaft. They had a Hilti DD350 industrial power drill to hone a passageway through the 19.68-inch- (50-centimeter-) thick walls without heading into the vault door's security systems. No indications of forced entries through building doors and windows or through the vault door involved no intensive investigations into a late-night triggered alarm April 3.

Hatton Garden Safe Deposit Company heist perpetrators jostled alarms once while jolting drills through walls and jumbling valuables into wheeled bins between April 2 and April 3.

Scotland Yard knew of the alarm April 3, the Hatton Garden Safe Deposit Company heist April 7 and CCTV footage before Daily Mirror releases April 10.

Metropolitan police let the online, print and televised news-following public look at crime-scene photographs of safe room interiors and walls laced with drill holes April 22. The investigations by the Flying Squad branch of the Specialist, Organised & Economic Crime Command within the Metropolitan Police Service made nine arrests by May 19. They netted Hugh Doyle, Jon Harbinson, William Lincoln and Carl Wood conspiracy charges November 2015 for committing burglary and for concealing, converting or transferring criminal property.

Hatton Garden Safe Deposit Company heist trials offered Doyle a 21-month sentence and a two-year suspension for criminal property concealment, conversion and transfer and Harbinson acquittal.

The Woolwich Crown Court March 9, 2016, pronounced seven-year prison terms against John Collins, Daniel Jones and Terry Perkins for guilt in conspiring to commit burglary.

Guilt in conspiring to burgle and in burglary and criminal property concealment, conversion or transfer qualified Wood and Lincoln for respective six- and seven-year prison terms. Brian Reader rated previous police attention for laundering cash from the Brink's-Mat robbery Nov. 26, 1983, and, as Hatton heist ringleader, received a  six-year three-month sentence. Woolwich Crown Court confiscation rulings Jan. 30, 2018, stretched the Collins, Jones, Perkins and Reader sentences by another seven years unless they paid £27.5 million ($38,909,750).

Who took cash, diamonds and valuables from Hatton Garden Safe Deposit Company heist perpetrators and turned Hatton Garden 88-90 to insolvency and liquidation Sept. 1, 2015?

After their May 2015 arrests in London (left to right) Brian Reader, Daniel Jones, Hugh Doyle, John “Kenny” Collins, Terry Perkins, Carl Wood and William Lincoln; photo-illustration by Sean McCabe: VANITY FAIR @VanityFair via Twitter March 17, 2016;
(background) Hatton Garden’s underground safe deposit vault, by Carl Court/Hatton Garden Properties Ltd./Getty Images;
Doyle, Lincoln, Wood, from Metropolitan Police Service/AFP; Collins, Jones, Perkins and Reader, from Metropolitan Police/PA Wire/AP Images.
EASN Note: Terry Perkins, who suffered from diabetes and heart problems, passed away Monday, Feb. 5, 2018, while serving his sentence in HM Prison Belmarsh, Thamesmead, southeastern London.

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

(left) passageway drilled by April 2015 heisters through 19.68-inch- (50-centimeter-) thick walls of Hatton Garden Safe Deposit Company; (right) sketch of defendants by courtroom artist Elizabeth Cook of Sky News, (front row left to right) Paul Rader, William Lincoln, John Collins, Brian Reader and Hugh Doyle; (back row left to right) Daniel Jones, Terry Perkins (obscured) and Carl Wood: Jess Bell ‏@Jessbellnews via Twitter Sept. 1, 2015, @ https://twitter.com/Jessbellnews/status/638747732983873536

After their May 2015 arrests in London (left to right) Brian Reader, Daniel Jones, Hugh Doyle, John “Kenny” Collins, Terry Perkins, Carl Wood and William Lincoln: photo-illustration by Sean McCabe; (background) Hatton Garden’s underground safe deposit vault, by Carl Court/Hatton Garden Properties Ltd./Getty Images; Doyle, Lincoln, Wood, from Metropolitan Police Service/AFP; Collins, Jones, Perkins and Reader, from Metropolitan Police/PA Wire/AP Images: VANITY FAIR @VanityFair via Twitter March 17, 2016, @ https://twitter.com/VanityFair/status/710436924884967426

For further information:

Blundy, Rachel. 8 April 2015. "Holborn Fire 'Could Have Been Deliberately Started by Burglars Responsible for Hatton Garden Jewel Raid.'" Evening Standard > News > Crime.
Available @ https://www.standard.co.uk/news/crime/holborn-fire-could-have-been-deliberately-started-by-burglars-responsible-for-hatton-garden-jewel-10163474.html

Clarkson, Wensley. 2016. Sexy Beasts: The Real Inside Story of the Hatton Garden Mob. London UK: Quercus.

Clarkson, Wensley. Sexy Beasts: The Real Inside Story of the Hatton Garden Mob. Narrated by the Author. London UK: Quercus.

Evans, Martin. 15 January 2016. "Inside the Hatton Garden Heist Vault." The Telegraph > News > UK News > Crime.
Available @ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/crime/12102436/Inside-the-Hatton-Garden-heist-vault-360-photograph-shows-the-aftermath-of-Britains-biggest-burglary.html

Griffiths, Ben. 26 March 2017. "Where Is the Diamond Teaser?" The Sun > News.
Available @ https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/3178437/we-reveal-theories-behind-basil-mysterious-final-member-of-14m-hatton-garden-jewellery-heist-gang/

Hartley-Parkinson, Richard. 1 April 2015. "Thousands Evacuated After Underground Fire in Central London." Metro > News > UK.
Available @ http://metro.co.uk/2015/04/01/more-than-2000-evacuated-after-underground-fire-in-central-london-5131022/

"Hatton Garden Gang Ringleaders Ordered to Pay £27.5M." BBC > News > UK > England > London.
Available @ http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-42880223

"Hatton Garden Robbery: Value of Goods Stolen Rises to £25M." BBC > News > UK > England > London > 31 January 2017.
Available @ http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-38806838

"Holborn Fire Shows How Complex London Can Be Says Capital's Fire Chief." London Fire Brigade News > Latest News Releases > 9 April 2015.
Available @ http://www.london-fire.gov.uk/news/LatestNewsReleases_holbornfireshowshowcomplex.asp#.WotdEKinGUl

Jess Bell ‏@Jessbellnews. 1 September 2015. "Hatton Garden safe deposit firm to close after £10million heist over Easter weekend." Twitter.
Available @ https://twitter.com/Jessbellnews/status/638747732983873536

Mann, Sebastian. 3 April 2015. "Holborn Fire: It's Finally Out! After Two Days, Underground Inferno Is Extinguished." Evening Standard > News > London.
Available @ https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/holborn-fire-dramatic-underground-blaze-fuelled-by-gas-leak-put-out-says-national-grid-10153936.html

Rayner, Gordon. 1 Sep 2015. "Hatton Garden Safe Deposit Company Goes Into Liquidation After Jewellery Heist." The Telegraph > News > UK News > Crime.
Available @ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/crime/11836386/Hatton-Garden-Safe-Deposit-company-goes-into-liquidation-after-jewellery-heist.html

VANITY FAIR @VanityFair. 17 March 2016. "Investigating the unorthodox daring of the Great Hatton Garden heist of 2015." Twitter.
Available @ https://twitter.com/VanityFair/status/710436924884967426

New South Wales Mostly Has Only One Blue Moon Month in 2018

Summary: New South Wales mostly has only one blue moon month in 2018, but 2018 is a double blue moon year for the state’s outback mining city of Broken Hill.

Prior to March 2018’s blue moon, Sydney’s last blue moon happened July 31, 2015; photo by Richard Histy/Hirsty Photography: Cheryl SchefferNilar ‏@CNilar via Twitter July 31, 2015

New South Wales mostly has only one blue moon month in 2018, but the state’s outback mining city of Broken Hill observes 2018 as a double blue moon year.

According to the world’s time standard, Coordinated Universal Time, blue moon year 2018 features two blue moon months. January and March open and close with full moons. A month’s second full moon is known as a blue moon.

New South Wales in eastern Australia mostly adheres to Australian Eastern Time. AET comprises Australian Eastern Daylight Time (AEDT) and Australian Eastern Standard Time (AEST).

Australian Eastern Daylight Time is observed until 3 a.m. AEDT, Sunday, April 1, 2018. AEDT’s UTC offset of UTC +11 communicates that the daylight saving component is 11 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time.

At 3 a.m. AEDT, Sunday, April 1, Australian Eastern Time Zone timepieces are reset to an hour earlier, to 2 a.m. AEST. The new time reflects the switch to Australian Eastern Standard Time. Standard time’s UTC offset of UTC +10 reveals that the standard time component is 10 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time.

Australian Eastern Standard Time remains in effect until daylight saving time recommences Sunday, Oct. 7. At 2 a.m. AEST, Sunday, Oct. 7, Australian Eastern Standard Time Zone timepieces are forwarded an hour. Australian Eastern Daylight Time begins at 3 a.m. AEDT, Sunday, Oct. 7.

The second full moon in March that Australian Eastern Daylight Time accords most of New South Wales occurs as the time zone’s only 2018 blue moon. Astronomer David Harper’s Obliquity site places March’s first full moon appearance Friday, March 2, at 11:51 (00:51 [12:51 a.m.] UTC). March’s second full, or blue, moon happens Saturday, March 31, at 11:37 p.m. (12:37 [12:37 p.m.] UTC.

According to Coordinated Universal Time and time zones that are less than 11 hours ahead of UTC, March’s second full moon is 2018’s second blue moon. According to Coordinated Universal Time, January opens 2018 as the year’s first blue moon month with a frame of two full moons.

Australian Eastern Daylight Time’s 11-hour gain on the time standard, however, advances UTC’s second full moon to February. The year’s first full moon took place Tuesday, Jan. 2, at 02:24 UTC (1:24 p.m. AEDT). UTC’s second January full moon occurs Wednesday, Jan. 31, at 13:26 UTC (Thursday, Feb. 1, at 12:26 a.m. AEDT).

Only one of New South Wales’s 141 mainland counties does not observe Australian Eastern Time. Yancowinna County in New South Wales’s Far West region borders the south central Australian state of South Australia. Yancowinna County uses Australian Central Time, the same time zone as South Australia and the Northern Territory.

Australian Central Time comprises Australian Central Daylight Time (ACDT) and Australian Central Standard Time (ACST). The daylight saving component is in effect until 3 a.m. ACDT, Sunday, April 1. ACDT’s UTC offset of +10:30 hours indicates that the daylight saving component is 10 and one-half hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time.

At 3 a.m. ACDT, Sunday, April 1, Australian Central Time timepieces are set back an hour, to 2 a.m. ACST. The time change marks the onset of Australian Central Standard Time. ACST’s UTC offset of UTC +9:30 hours signifies that the time zone is nine and one-half hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time.

Australian Central Standard Time is observed until daylight saving time recommences Sunday, Oct. 7. At 2 a.m. ACST, Sunday, Oct. 7, Australian Central Time are forwarded an hour. Australian Central Daylight Time begins at 3 a.m. ACDT, Sunday, Oct. 7.

Yancowinna’s primary settlements are Broken Hill and Silverton. The village of Silverton lies northwest of Broken Hill. The Far West outback mining city of Broken Hill is closer to South Australia’s capital of Adelaide on Australia’s south central coast than to New South Wales’s capital of Sydney on the island continent’s southeast coast.

Observance of Australian Central Time allows Yancowinna County to experience 2018 differently from the rest of mainland New South Wales. Yancowinna County conforms with Coordinated Universal Time in enjoying 2018 as a double blue moon year.

Broken Hill’s first set of two full moons within the same month happened in January. The month’s first full moon appeared Tuesday, Jan. 2, at 12:54 p.m. ACDT (02:24 [2:24 a.m.] UTC. The month’s second full, or blue, moon took place Wednesday, Jan. 31, at 11:56 p.m. ACDT (13:26 [1:26 p.m.] UTC).

As with Coordinated Universal Time, Australian Central Daylight Time experienced no full moons in February. Broken Hill’s second blue moon in March mirrors Coordinated Universal Time’s second blue moon month. Broken Hill’s first March full moon occurs Friday, March 2, at 11:21 a.m. ACDT (00:51 [12:51 a.m.] UTC). Broken Hill’s blue moon happens Saturday, March 31, at 11:07 p.m. ACDT (12:37 [12:37 p.m.] UTC).

The takeaway for New South Wales mostly having only one blue moon month in 2018 is that a small pocket in the state’s Far West lies in a different time zone, allowing for experiencing two blue moon months in 2018.

New South Wales’s Broken Hill observes neighboring state South Australia’s time zone, which accounts for 2018 as a double blue moon year for the Far West outback mining city; contrastingly, New South Wales’s time zone reduces 2018 to a single blue moon year: Argent Street in downtown Broken Hill, Yancowinna County, New South Wales; Jan. 12, 2017: Steve Swayne, CC BY SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Prior to March 2018’s blue moon, Sydney’s last blue moon happened July 31, 2015; photo by Richard Histy/Hirsty Photography: Cheryl SchefferNilar @CNilar via Twitter July 31, 2015, @ https://twitter.com/CNilar/status/627352253934862336

New South Wales’s Broken Hill observes neighboring state South Australia’s time zone, which accounts for 2018 as a double blue moon year for the Far West outback mining city; contrastingly, New South Wales’s time zone reduces 2018 to a single blue moon year: Argent Street in downtown Broken Hill, Yancowinna County, New South Wales; Jan. 12, 2017: Steve Swayne, CC BY SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Argent_Street,_Broken_Hill.jpg

For further information:

Cheryl SchefferNilar ‏@CNilar. "Awesome capture of Blue Moon on Friday night by Richard Hirst @HirstyPhotos #BlueMoon #Sydney #OperaHouse." Twitter. July 31, 2015.
Available @ https://twitter.com/CNilar/status/627352253934862336

Harper, David. “Once in a Blue Moon: The Double Blue Moon of 2018.” Obliquity > Interactive Astronomy.
Available @ https://www.obliquity.com/astro/blue2018.html

Hirsty Photography (hirstyphotos). “Once in a blue moon.” Instagram. July 31, 2015.
Available @ https://www.instagram.com/p/5y6TuwDK8y/?taken-by=hirstyphotos

James Dvorak (jaym3s2). “Last nights ‘blue moon.’” Instagram. July 31, 2015.
Available @ https://www.instagram.com/p/50ua-yiuH_/?taken-by=jaym3s2

Marriner, Derdriu. “Blue Moon Month January 2018 Opens New Year With Two Full Moons.” Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Dec. 27, 2017.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/12/blue-moon-month-january-2018-opens-new.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “Blue Moon Saturday, March 31, Is Second 2018 Calendrical Blue Moon.” Earth and Space News. Wednesday, March 21, 2018.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/03/blue-moon-saturday-march-31-is-second.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “First March Full Moon Friday, March 2, Opens Second 2018 Blue Moon Month.” Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Feb. 28, 2018.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/02/first-march-full-moon-friday-march-2.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “Super Blue Moon Wednesday, Jan. 31, Is First of Two 2018 Blue Moons.” Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Jan. 31, 2018.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/01/super-blue-moon-wednesday-jan-31-is_31.html

McClure, Bruce. “Year’s 2nd Blue Moon on March 31.” EarthSky > Tonight. March 31, 2018.
Available @ http://earthsky.org/tonight/years-2nd-blue-moon-on-march-31

“Moon Phases March 2018.” Calendar-12.com > Moon Calendar > 2018.
Available @ https://www.calendar-12.com/moon_calendar/2018/march

Rod Gotfried Cinematographer (rodgotfried). “What happened last night was literally once in a blue moon!” Instagram. July 31, 2015.
Available @ https://www.instagram.com/p/50WK1RCkN7/?taken-by=rodgotfried

Così fan tutte Is March 31, 2018, Met Opera Saturday Matinee Broadcast

Summary: The March 31, 2018, Met Opera Saturday matinee broadcast is Così fan tutte by Classical Era composer Wolfgang Mozart.

Wolfgang Mozart's Così fan tutte, upated to 1950s Coney Island, is the Met Opera Saturday matinee broadcast March 31, 2018: The Wall Street Journal @WSJ via Twitter March 19, 2018

Così fan tutte, a two-act opera about a daylong wager on female fickleness by Classical Era composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (Jan. 27, 1756-Dec. 5, 1791), is the March 31, 2018, Metropolitan Opera Saturday matinee broadcast.

Italian librettist Lorenzo Da Ponte (March 10, 1749-Aug. 17, 1838) wrote the Italian libretto. He previously collaborated as Mozart’s librettist for Le Nozze di Figaro (1786) and Don Giovanni (1787).

The literary influences for Da Ponte’s libretto include Italian Renaissance writer Giovanni Boccaccio’s Decameron (ca. 1349-1353) and Elizabethan playwright William Shakespeare’s Cymbeline (ca. 1611) and The Taming of the Shrew (ca. 1590-1592).

Così fan tutte premiered Jan. 26, 1790, at Burgtheater, in Vienna, eastern Austria. Maria Theresa (May 13, 1717-Nov. 29, 1780), the only female ruler and also the final ruler of the Austrian House of Habsburg, founded the imperial court theater during the War of the Austrian Succession (Dec. 16, 1740-Oct. 18, 1748). Burgtheater opened March 14, 1741, in a building adjoining the Hofburg, the Habsburg dynasty’s imperial palace, at Michaelerplatz.

Two earlier Mozart operas also premiered at Vienna’s Burgtheater. Die Entführung aus dem Serail’s premiere took place July 16, 1782. Le Nozze di Figaro premiered May 1, 1786.

Eleven performances of Così fan tutte are scheduled for the 2017-2018 Met Opera season. Opening night, Thursday, March 15, 2018, at 7:30 p.m. Eastern Daylight Time marks the opera’s 188th performance at the Metropolitan Opera. The month’s four additional performances take place Tuesday, March 20, at 7:30 p.m.; Saturday, March 24, at 8 p.m.; Tuesday, March 27, at 7:30 p.m.; Saturday matinee broadcast March 31, at 1 p.m.

Six performances are scheduled for April, beginning Wednesday, April 4, at 7:30 p.m. The month’s five additional performances take place Saturday, April 7, at 8 p.m.; Tuesday, April 10, at 7:30 p.m.; Friday, April 13, at 8 p.m.; Monday, April 16, at 7:30 p.m.; closing night Thursday, April 19, at 7:30 p.m. Closing night marks the 198th performance of Così fan tutte at the Metropolitan Opera.

Estimated run time for the two-act opera is 3 hours 31 minutes. Act I is timed for 89 minutes. An intermission of 30 minutes follows the first act. The second and final act runs for 92 minutes.

David Robertson conducts all performances of Così fan tutte. His birthplace is Santa Monica, western Los Angeles County, Southern California. The American conductor debuted Jan. 11, 1996, in the Metropolitan Opera’s premiere performance of The Makropulos Case by Czech composer Leoš Janáček (July 3, 1854-Aug. 12, 1928).

Amanda Majeski appears in all performances, including the March 24 Saturday matinee broadcast, as Fiordiligi, one of two sisters whose fickleness is wagered. Her birthplace is Gurnee, Lake County, northeastern Illinois. The American operatic soprano debuted Sept. 22, 2014, as Countess Almaviva in the Metropolitan Opera’s 459th performance of Mozart’s Le Nozze di Figaro.

Serena Malfi appears in all performances, including the March 24 Saturday matinee broadcast, as Dorabella, who is the first sister to favor harmless flirtations in their fiancés’ absence. Her birthplace is Pomigliano d’Arco, Italy, Campania region, southwestern Italy. The Italian mezzo-soprano debuted Dec. 4, 2014, in the trouser role of Cherubino in the Metropolitan Opera’s 469th performance of Mozart’s Le Nozze di Figaro. Serena Malfi reprises her debut role for the 2017-2018 Met Opera season’s staging of Mozart’s Le Nozze di Figaro.

Kelli O’Hara appears in all performances, including the March 24 Saturday matinee broadcast, as Despina, the sisters’ maid who succeeds in encouraging the sisters’ fickleness. Her birthplace is Elk City, Beckham County, southwestern Oklahoma. The lyric soprano debuted at the New Year’s Eve Gala, Dec. 31, 2014, as Valencienne in the Metropolitan Opera’s 27th performance of The Merry Widow by Austro-Hungarian composer Franz Lehár (April 30, 1870-Oct. 24, 1948).

Ben Bliss appears in all performances, including the March 24 Saturday matinee broadcast, as Ferrando, Dorabella’s fiancé who undergoes a bogus wedding to Fiordiligi in his disguise as an Albanian soldier. His birthplace is Prairie Village, Johnson County, northeastern Kansas. The American tenor debuted Dec. 2, 2014, as Vogelgesang in the Metropolitan Opera’s 410th performance of Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg by 19th century German composer and librettist Richard Wagner (May 22, 1813-Feb. 13, 1883).

Adam Plachetka appears in all performances, including the March 24 Saturday matinee broadcast, as Guglielmo, Fiordiligi’s fiancé, who successfully flirts with his fiancée’s sister in his disguise as an Albanian soldier. His birthplace is Prague, northwestern Czech Republic. The Czech bass-baritone debuted Feb. 4, 2015, as Masetto in the Metropolitan Opera’s 539rd performance of Mozart’s Don Giovanni. In the 2017-2018 Met Opera season, Adam Plachetka also appears in the title role in Mozart’s Le Nozze di Figaro.

Christopher Maltman appears in all performances, including the March 24 Saturday matinee broadcast, as Don Alfonso, who launches the sisters’ fickleness tests via a wager with their naïve fiancés. His birthplace is Cleethorpes, North East Lincolnshire, east central England. The British operatic baritone debuted Sept. 24, 2005, as Harlekin in the Metropolitan Opera’s 79th performance of Ariadne auf Naxos by German late Romantic and early modern composer Richard Strauss (June 11, 1864-Sept. 8, 1949).

Met Opera’s 2017-2018 staging of Così fan tutte debuts a new production directed by Phelim McDermott. The English stage director’s production team comprises Tom Pye, set designer; Laura Hopkins, costume designer; Paule Constable, lighting designer.

The opera’s original setting is 18th century Naples, Italy. Phelim McDermott’s new production fast forwards the opera to 1950s Coney Island.

Così fan tutte appears as the 18th of the 2017-2018 Met Opera season’s 23 Saturday matinee broadcasts. Turandot was the season’s 17th Saturday matinee broadcast. Turandot aired Saturday, March 24, 2018, at 1 p.m.

The season’s 19th Saturday matinee broadcast is early 19th century Italian composer Gaetano Donizetti’s Lucia di Lammermoor. Donizetti’s operatic adaptation of Scottish historical novelist Sir Walter Scott’s The Bride of Lammermoor is scheduled for April 7, 2018, at 12:30 p.m.

Online database Operabase places Wolfgang Mozart in second place in a worldwide ranking of 1,281 composers for the five seasons from 2011/2012 to 2015/2016. Italian opera composers Giuseppe Verdi and Giacomo Puccini occupy first and third places, respectively.

Così fan tutte occupies place 15 in the worldwide list of 2,658 most popular operas. Places 14 and 16 are held by 19th century Italian bel canto opera composer Gaetano Donizetti’s L’Elisir d’Amore and by 19th century Russian late Romantic Era composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky’s Eugene Onegin, respectively.

Così fan tutte’s Metropolitan Opera debut took place March 24, 1922. Prior to the 2017-2018 Met Opera season, Così fan tutte’s most recent Met Opera performances occurred during the 2013-2014 season.

The Metropolitan Opera’s Repertory Report provides statistics for the opera house’s operatic performances. Così fan tutte is in place 42. Places 41 and 43 are occupied by 19th century Italian opera composer Giuseppe Verdi’s Don Carlo and Italian verismo opera composer Umberto Menotti Maria Giordano’s Andrea Chénier, respectively.

The takeaways for Così fan tutte as the March 31, 2018, Metropolitan Opera Saturday matinee broadcast are that the 2017-2018 Met Opera season’s 18th Saturday matinee broadcast presents the last of librettist Lorenzo da Ponte’s three successful collaborations with Wolfgang Mozart and also offers a happy ending that affirms love’s power to overcome intrigues and tests.

The Saturday matinee radio broadcast audience may miss the visual spectacle of Phelim McDermott's production of Wolfgang Mozart's Così fan tutte; yet, audio enjoyment is emphasized: Susan Jordan @Moonbootica via Twitter March 13, 2018

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Wolfgang Mozart's Così fan tutte, updated to 1950s Coney Island, is the Metropolitan Opera Saturday matinee broadcast March 31, 2018: The Wall Street Journal @WSJ via Twitter March 19, 2018, @ https://twitter.com/WSJ/status/975824288317169665

The Saturday matinee radio broadcast audience may miss the visual spectacle of Phelim McDermott's production of Wolfgang Mozart's Così fan tutte, but audio enjoyment is intensified: Susan Jordan @Moonbootica via Twitter March 13, 2018, @ https://twitter.com/Moonbootica/status/973668015719010304

For further information:

"Composers: Composers Ranked by the Number of Performances of Their Operas Over the Five Seasons 2011/2012 to 2015/16." Operabase > Opera Statistics.
Available @ http://operabase.com/top.cgi?lang=en

“Debut: Amanda Majeski.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 355517 New Production Le Nozze di Figaro {459} Metropolitan Opera House: 09/22/2014.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=355517

“Debut: Rachel Willis-Sorensen, Serena Malfi.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 355667 Le Nozze di Figaro {469} Metropolitan Opera House: 12/04/2014.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=355667

“Debuts: Dmitry Korchak, Adam Plachetka.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 355791 Don Giovanni {539} Metropolitan Opera House: 02/04/2015.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=355791

“Debuts: Johannes Martin Kränzle, Benjamin Bliss, Martin Gantner.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 355664 Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg {410} Metropolitan Opera House: 12/02/2014.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=355664

"Debuts: Jon Villars, Diana Damrau, Christopher Maltman." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 351297 Ariadne auf Naxos {79} Matinee ed. Metropolitan Opera House: 09/24/2005.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=351297

“Debuts: Susan Stroman, William Ivey Long, Kelli O’Hara . . .” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 355727 New Production The Merry Widow {27} Metropolitan Opera House: 12/31/2014.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=355727

“Debuts: William Burden, David Robertson . . .” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 322990 The Makropulos Case {1} Metropolitan Opera House: 01/11/1996.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=322990

Marriner, Derdriu. “2017-2018 Met Opera Season Offers Five New Productions.” Earth and Space News. Monday, June 26, 2017.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/06/2017-2018-metropolitan-opera-season.html

Marriner, Derdriu. “Turandot Is March 24, 2018, Met Opera Saturday Matinee Broadcast.” Earth and Space News. Monday, March 19, 2018.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/03/turandot-is-march-24-2018-met-opera.html

“New Production: Così fan tutte.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 356916 New Production Così fan tutte {188} Metropolitan Opera House: 03/15/2018.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=356916

"Performances Statistics Through October 31, 2016.” MetOpera Database > The Metropolitan Opera Archives > Repertory Report.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/Database%20Opera%20Statistics.xml

Service, Tom. “’I’m a Musical Thicky, Me.’” The Guardian > Culture > Classical Music. Jan. 25, 2008.
Available @ https://www.theguardian.com/music/2008/jan/25/classicalmusicandopera

Susan Jordan @Moonbootica. "Complete with a fire eater, snake charmer, and sword swallowers, the new production of Così fan tutte sets the action of in a carnival-esque environment inspired by 1950s Coney Island. Photos by Marty Sohl/Met Opera." Twitter. March 13, 2018.
Available @ https://twitter.com/Moonbootica/status/973668015719010304

The Wall Street Journal @WSJ. "Phelim McDermott’s new staging of ‘Così fan tutte’ transports Mozart’s opera to a 1950s amusement park." Twitter. March 19, 2018.
Available @ https://twitter.com/WSJ/status/975824288317169665

Blue-Fronted Dancer Damselfly Habitats: Blue Tip, Plain Thorax, Upright Wing

Summary: North American blue-fronted dancer damselfly habitats from Canada to Mexico get bouncy fliers with blue tips, unmarked thoraxes and wings upright at rest.

blue-fronted dancer damselfly (Argia apicalis); Soldiers Delight Natural Environmental Area, Owing Mills, Baltimore County, north central Maryland; Aug. 8, 2014: Judy Gallagher, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

North American blue-fronted dancer damselfly habitats apportion arborists, master gardeners, master naturalists and tree stewards mudland distribution ranges from the Rockies through Ontario, Canada, and Atlantic coastal Maine through Gulf coastal Mexico.

Blue-fronted dancers bear their common name for colors of thoracic fronts and for non-smooth flight and the scientific name Argia apicalis (laziness [with abdomens] tipped [blue]). Common names concur with the consensus of scientific committees convened by the Dragonfly Society of the Americas, whose membership can come to all annual business meetings. Scientific designations draw upon descriptions in 1839 by Thomas Say (June 27, 1787-Oct. 10, 1834), librarian from Pennsylvania for the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

Blue-fronted dancer damselfly life cycles expect larger and smaller lakes, ponds, rivers and streams with nearby muddy lands and open fields and with some muddy waters.

March through December function as optimum, southernmost flight seasons even though June through August furnish wildlife mapping opportunities through Canada's, Mexico's and the United States' niches.

Male blue-fronted dancers go early from rooting sites to ground or low-lying, 6-foot- (1.83-meter-) long perches to be guarded by territorial, wing-flicking displays for three hours. They hold their abdomens out at angles of 60 degrees to help thermoregulation (ambient weather-hastened body temperature levels) by hindering surface exposure on hot, sunny days. Their legs and mouthparts imprison prey during sallies from perches after opportunistic passers-by or for search-and-seize flights after air-, ground-, plant-, water-borne stalked crawlers and fliers.

Ants, assassin flies, biting midges, ducks, falcons, fish, flycatchers, frogs, grebes, lizards, spiders, turtles and water beetles and mites jeopardize North American blue-fronted dancer damselfly habitats.

Immature blue-fronted dancer damselflies keep to dull, faded, light, pale colors and lower size ranges even though adult females know female-like heteromorph and male-like andromorph colors.

Incomplete metamorphosis leads blue-fronted dancers through life cycle stages as eggs in floating horizontal vegetation; as egg-hatched, multi-molting larvae, naiads or nymphs; and as mature damselflies. Females merge at watersides two hours after males for 10- to 27-minute midday mating before tandem 10- to 50-minute look-and-land flights and 53- to 115-minute ovipositing. Dancer members of the Coenagrionidae pond damsel family need aphids, beetles, borers, caddisflies, copepods, crane flies, dobsonflies, gnats, leafhoppers, mosquitoes, rotifers, scuds, water fleas and worms.

North American blue-fronted dancer damselfly habitats offer season-coldest temperature ranges, northward to southward, from minus 15 to 70 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 26.11 to 21.11 degrees Celsius).

Beech, bellflower, birch, bladderwort, cattail, daisy, grass, greenbrier, heath, laurel, madder, maple, nettle, olive, pepperbush, pine, pondweed, rush, sedge, water-lily and willow families promote blue-fronted dancers.

Black-and-blue-striped heads; blue occipital spots; blue-, brown- or green-lined, pale-ringed, striped blue, brown or green thoraxes; black-marked legs; and black abdomens quicken adult brown-eyed female identifications. Males reveal eyes frontally blue and posteriorly brown; blue occipital spots; black and blue heads; black-lined blue-gray-violet thoraxes; black-marked legs; blue-segmented black abdomens; and white-tan sides. Adults show off 1.29- to 1.58-inch (33- to 40-millimeter) head-body lengths, 1.02- to 1.26-inch (26- to 32-millimeter) abdomens and 0.83- to 0.98-inch (21- to 25-millimeter) hindwings.

Blue-tipped abdomens, bouncy flight, unmarked thoraxes and upright-held wings tell female and male blue-fronted from other dancers and from bluets in overlapping blue-fronted dancer damselfly habitats.

brown form female blue-fronted dancer damselfly (Argia apicalis); Kerr Lake State Recreation Area, northeastern Piedmont region, northeastern North Carolina; Aug. 27, 2016: Judy Gallagher, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

blue-fronted dancer damselfly (Argia apicalis); Soldiers Delight Natural Environmental Area, Owing Mills, Baltimore County, north central Maryland; Aug. 8, 2014: Judy Gallagher, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Blue-fronted_Dancer_-_Argia_apicalis,_Soldier%27s_Delight,_Owings_Mills,_Maryland.jpg

brown form female blue-fronted dancer damselfly (Argia apicalis); Kerr Lake State Recreation Area, northeastern Piedmont region, northeastern North Carolina; Aug. 27, 2016: Judy Gallagher, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Blue-fronted_Dancer_-_Argia_apicalis,_Kerr_Lake,_North_Carolina_-_28682539903.jpg

For further information:

Abbott, John C. Dragonflies and Damselflies of Texas and the South-Central United States: Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas, Oklahoma and New Mexico. Princeton NJ; Oxford UK: Princeton University Press, 2005.

"Argia apicalis." James Cook University-Medusa: The Odonata - Dragonflies and Damselflies > Zygoptera > Coenigrionidae > Argia.
Available via James Cook University-Medusa @ https://medusa.jcu.edu.au/Dragonflies/openset/displaySpecies.php?spid=3397

Beaton, Giff. Dragonflies & Damselflies of Georgia and the Southeast. Athens GA; London UK: University of Georgia Press, 2007.

Berger, Cynthia. Dragonflies. Mechanicsburg PA: Stackpole Books: Wild Guide, 2004.

Bright, Ethan. "Argia apicalis (Say, 1839: 40 as Agrion) -- Blue-fronted Dancer." Aquatic Insects of Michigan > Odonata (Dragon- and Damselflies) of Michigan > Zygoptera, Selys, 1854 > Coenagrionidae, Kirby, 1890 (Pond Damselflies) > Argia, Rambur, 1842 (Dancers).
Available @ http://www.aquaticinsects.org/sp/Odonata/sp_oom.html

Paulson, Dennis. Dragonflies and Damselflies of the East. Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press, Princeton Field Guides, 2011.

Say, Thomas. "Descriptions of New North American Neuropterous Insects, and Observations on Some Already Described: 4. A. apicalis." Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, vol. VIII, part I: 40-41. Philadelphia PA: Merrihew and Thompson, 1839.
Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/24622991
Available via HathiTrust @ https://hdl.handle.net/2027/hvd.32044106432990?urlappend=%3Bseq=50urlappend=%3Bseq=23

"Species Argia apicalis - Blue-Fronted Dancer." Bug Guide > Arthropods (Arthropoda) > Hexapods (Hexapoda) > Insects (Insecta) > Dragonflies and Damselflies (Odonata) > Damselflies (Zygoptera) > Narrow-winged Damselflies (Coenagrionidae) > Dancers (Argia).
Available @ https://bugguide.net/node/view/2642

"The 2012 USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map." The National Gardening Association > Gardening Tools > Learning Library USDA Hardiness Zone > USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map.
Available @ https://garden.org/nga/zipzone/2012/