Summary: Trees and Construction – The Design Phase by co-authors Matheny, Smiley, Gilpin and Hauer, for the April 2023 Arborist News, aces tree preservation zones.
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| Adjacent-property and construction- and development-site activities potentially abbreviate the life expectancies of their respective trees. They potentially abridge area and on-site trees accomplishing for their ambiences and their sentient beings air quality, carbon sequestration, energy conservation and stormwater-runoff reduction. Site-development arborists ideally account for evaluating suitability of site trees for preservation and providing specifications and strategies for tree preservation zones. Their involvement or their non-involvement achieves tree health, integrity and structure during all six or any one of the planning, design, preconstruction, construction, landscaping and, such as in the above image, postconstruction phases of site development; Monday, April 21, 2008, 14:26, image of massive tree trimming operation in progress, Gregson Street, Durham, north central North Carolina: Ildar Sagdejev (Specious), CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons |
Trees and Construction – The Design Phase co-authored by arborist Nelda Matheny, researcher E. Thomas Smiley, consultant Ryan Gilpin and Professor Richard Hauer, for the April 2023 Arborist News, aces tree preservation zones.
Arborists evaluating project feasibility for site trees and site-tree survival, assessing tree preservation suitability and implementing tree care throughout the construction project concretely bolster tree preservation. They count on assisting site layout and design; determining tree protection zones, measures, specifications; complying with or enforcing permitting-agency requirements; and monitoring trees and protection measures. Successful tree preservation demands long-term measurements that demonstrate adjacent-property and construction-site trees thriving healthily and stably, without displaying immediate or subsequent structural damage, after land-development projects.
Site development emphasizes tree health and structural integrity in planning, design, preconstruction, construction, landscaping and postconstruction phases, each months to years longer than small-scale residential-remodel projects.
Design-phase arborists figure minimum tree-health, minimum tree-stability, soil-volume critical-root zones; prohibited-, restricted-activity tree-protection zones; trunk-diameter multiplication-factored construction-tolerance calculated tree-protection zones; and adjustable existing-infrastructure specified tree-protection zones.
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| Norfolk Island pine (Araucaria heterophylla) trees acknowledge attractively symmetrical roots laterally and vertically. They potentially acquire asymmetrical roots around such structures as buildings and streets and in layered, restrictive or rocky soils. Tree preservation zones as allowable, non-allowable activity tree protection zones, acquit themselves accordingly, in their shapes and sizes; fully hand drawn image of an adult Araucaria heterophylla with its roots system (second from right), Medland's Beach, Aotea (Great Barrier Island): axelaucouturier, via Instagram Nov. 4, 2022 |
Design-phase arborists figure minimum tree-health, minimum tree-stability, soil-volume critical-root zones; prohibited-, restricted-activity tree-protection zones; trunk-diameter multiplication-factored construction-tolerance calculated tree-protection zones; and adjustable existing-infrastructure specified tree-protection zones.
Root systems spreading asymmetrically in layered, restrictive or rocky soils or to adjacent buildings, streets and structures guide healthy- and stably-shaped and sized tree protection zones. The design phase has to have the total space preservable for each tree and thereby hones the tree protection zone from the calculated tree protection zone. Mature and old trees with low, medium and high construction-damage tolerances invoke respective multiplication factors of 15, 12 and 8 and of 18, 15 and 12.
Trees and Construction – The Design Phase, for example, jubilates for medium-tolerance old trees, 30-inch (76-centimeter) tree-trunk diameters, multiplication-factored by 15, for 37.5-foot (11.4-meter) tree-protection zone radii.
A young or a semi-mature tree with respectively low, medium and high tolerances to construction damage kindles a respective multiplication factor of 12, 8 and 6.
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| Soil and water arrangements sometimes act against above- and below-ground health and stability of adjacent and on-site trees. Ancient and modern-day arborists actualize appropriate tree preservation zones as calculated tree protection zones to activate ample enough areas for preserved trees; "Persian water-wheel, used for irrigating Nubia," drawn "on the spot" by Scottish painter David Roberts (Oct. 24, 1796-Nov. 25, 1864), lithograph by Belgian lithographer and watercolorist Louis Haghe (March 17, 1806-March 9, 1885), print published July 15, 1856, by Day and Son, London, in D. Roberts, The Holy Land, Vol. V Egypt & Nubia (1855-1860): Not in copyright, via Biodiversity Heritage Library |
A young or a semi-mature tree with respectively low, medium and high tolerances to construction damage kindles a respective multiplication factor of 12, 8 and 6.
Young or semi-mature, mature, old trees respectively log already living estimated percentages of less than 40, 40 to 80, greater than 80 of their life expectancies. A low-tolerance old tree’s 30-inch (76-centimeter) diameter at breast height mandates a multiplication factor of 18 and a tree protection zone with a 45-foot (13.7-meter) radius. The tree protection zone that nestles into one project site necessitates niching into that site tree protection zones that note other trees on all adjacent properties.
Trees and Construction – The Design Phase observes as unacceptable actions within the tree protection zone changing soil grade, directing pedestrian traffic and storing soil and water.
Soil fill within critical root zones provoking negative-impacted tree health possibilitizes altered gaseous exchange and water movement even as structure-supporting soil fill prompts compacted layered lifts.
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| Retaining walls and tree islands with supplemental water sources address soil and water arrangements that construction and land-development projects potentially admit. Irrigation lines and underground conduits, retaining walls and tree islands even at significant distances affect tree preservation zones be the latter critical root, tree protection, calculated tree protection and specified tree protection zones; June 2, 2007, graphic of "A simplified explanation of how various types of retaining walls work. Of course this is only an approximation, and actual calculation of lateral earth pressure involves a number of additional complexities. Constructive criticism on how to improve this diagram is welcome.": Ingolfson, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons |
Soil fill within critical root zones provoking negative-impacted tree health possibilitizes altered gaseous exchange and water movement even as structure-supporting soil fill prompts compacted layered lifts.
Questing a lower grade completely around a tree-trunk base perhaps qualifies that development-site area for a tree island, whose construction perhaps queues a supplemental water system. Diverting stormwater realizes tree stress at significant distances even as underground conduits and irrigation lines require relegation from tree trunks and outside specified tree protection zones. The tree protection zone suggests that settling that zone should select landscaping tree species whose water needs similarize the water needs of the existing tree species.
Trees and Construction – The Design Phase typifies design-phase arborist reports tendering two lists, of trees, with condition, location, preservation suitability; and tree protection zone-allowable, zone-non-allowable activities.
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| Construction projects and development sites allow soil-adding fills and soil-excavating cuts for changing grade, installing utilities, excavating foundations and constructing buildings. They potentially ally grade-lowering that alters roots to the point of severance, damage, injury and instability. They potentially ally grade-raising that alters carbon-dioxide and oxygen exchange and water movement; Thursday, July 19, 2012, 20:46, image of illuminated trees, South Olive Street, Los Angeles, California: Dietmar Rabich, CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons |
Acknowledgment
My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.
Dedication
Dedication
This post is dedicated to the memory of our beloved blue-eyed brother, Charles, who guided the creation of the Met Opera and Astronomy posts on Earth and Space News. We memorialized our brother in "Our Beloved Blue-Eyed Brother, Charles, With Whom We Are Well Pleased," published on Earth and Space News on Thursday, Nov. 18, 2021, an anniversary of our beloved father's death.
Image credits:
Image credits:
Adjacent-property and construction- and development-site activities potentially abbreviate the life expectancies of their respective trees. They potentially abridge area and on-site trees accomplishing for their ambiences and their sentient beings air quality, carbon sequestration, energy conservation and stormwater-runoff reduction. Site-development arborists ideally account for evaluating suitability of site trees for preservation and providing specifications and strategies for tree preservation zones. Their involvement or their non-involvement achieves tree health, integrity and structure during all six or any one of the planning, design, preconstruction, construction, landscaping and, such as in the above image, postconstruction phases of site development; Monday, April 21, 2008, 14:26, image of massive tree trimming operation in progress, Gregson Street, Durham, north central North Carolina: Ildar Sagdejev (Specious), CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2008-04-21_Tree_trimming_on_Gregson_St_1.jpg
Norfolk Island pine (Araucaria heterophylla) trees acknowledge attractively symmetrical roots laterally and vertically. They potentially acquire asymmetrical roots around such structures as buildings and streets and in layered, restrictive or rocky soils. Tree preservation zones as allowable, non-allowable activity tree protection zones, acquit themselves accordingly, in their shapes and sizes; fully hand drawn image of an adult Araucaria heterophylla with its roots system (second from right), Medland's Beach, Aotea (Great Barrier Island): axelaucouturier, via Instagram Nov. 4, 2022, @ https://www.instagram.com/p/CkiK6F7MVdR/
Soil and water arrangements sometimes act against above- and below-ground health and stability of adjacent and on-site trees. Ancient and modern-day arborists actualize appropriate tree preservation zones as calculated tree protection zones to activate ample enough areas for preserved trees; "Persian water-wheel, used for irrigating Nubia," drawn "on the spot" by Scottish painter David Roberts (Oct. 24, 1796-Nov. 25, 1864), lithograph by Belgian lithographer and watercolorist Louis Haghe (March 17, 1806-March 9, 1885), print published July 15, 1856, by Day and Son, London, in D. Roberts, The Holy Land, Vol. V Egypt & Nubia (1855-1860): Not in copyright, via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/57660010; Not in copyright, via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/holylandsyr5618551860robe/page/n34/mode/1up; Public Domain Mark, via Wellcome Collection @ https://wellcomecollection.org/works/fdxs9zxc; Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pot_chain_irrigation_1846.jpg; Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:David_Roberts_ancient_fountain.jpg; No known restrictions on publication, via Library of Congress Prints & Photographs Online Catalog (PPOC) @ https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2002718669/
Retaining walls and tree islands with supplemental water sources address soil and water arrangements that construction and land-development projects potentially admit. Irrigation lines and underground conduits, retaining walls and tree islands even at significant distances affect tree preservation zones be the latter critical root, tree protection, calculated tree protection and specified tree protection zones; June 2, 2007, graphic of "A simplified explanation of how various types of retaining walls work. Of course this is only an approximation, and actual calculation of lateral earth pressure involves a number of additional complexities. Constructive criticism on how to improve this diagram is welcome.": Ingolfson, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Retaining_Wall_Type_Function.jpg
Construction projects and development sites allow soil-adding fills and soil-excavating cuts for changing grade, installing utilities, excavating foundations and constructing buildings. They potentially ally grade-lowering that alters roots to the point of severance, damage, injury and instability. They potentially ally grade-raising that alters carbon-dioxide and oxygen exchange and water movement; Thursday, July 19, 2012, 20:46, image of illuminated trees, South Olive Street, Los Angeles, California: Dietmar Rabich, CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Los_Angeles_(California,_USA),_South_Olive_Street_--_2012_--_5289.jpg
For further information:
For further information:
Gilman, Ed. 2011. An Illustrated Guide to Pruning. Third Edition. Boston MA: Cengage.
Hayes, Ed. 2001. Evaluating Tree Defects. Revised, Special Edition. Rochester MN: Safe Trees.
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Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/03/improved-model-estimates-of-tree-debris.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/03/improved-model-estimates-of-tree-debris.html
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Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/morgan-zabow-jennifer-first-and-tn.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/morgan-zabow-jennifer-first-and-tn.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 17 February 2023. "Chris Graves Aced Winter Tree ID 2 at Tennessee Urban Forestry Council." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/chris-graves-aced-winter-tree-id-2-at.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/chris-graves-aced-winter-tree-id-2-at.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 10 February 2023. "Theodore Eisenman Aired Tree Planting Initiatives as UMass Urban Forestry Today Webinar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/theodore-eisenman-aired-tree-planting.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/theodore-eisenman-aired-tree-planting.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 4 February 2023. "Green and White Variegated Trees Awe Nursery Industry and Tree Biology." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/green-and-white-variegated-trees-awe.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/green-and-white-variegated-trees-awe.html
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Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/chris-graves-aired-winter-tree-id-for.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/chris-graves-aired-winter-tree-id-for.html
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Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/kathryn-bronsky-adds-asian-longhorned.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/kathryn-bronsky-adds-asian-longhorned.html
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Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/jay-dampier-adds-tree-diagnostics-as_75.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/jay-dampier-adds-tree-diagnostics-as_75.html
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Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/propiconazole-infusions-and-injections.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/propiconazole-infusions-and-injections.html
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Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/12/how-tree-injections-are-administered.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/12/how-tree-injections-are-administered.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 27 November 2022. "Climbing Line and Ascent Technique Affect Load Magnitude and Frequency." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/11/climbing-line-and-ascent-technique.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/11/climbing-line-and-ascent-technique.html
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Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/10/urban-forestry-around-globe-assesses.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/10/urban-forestry-around-globe-assesses.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 2 October 2022. "Natural Enemies of Urban Landscape Pests Are Among Beneficial Insects." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/10/natural-enemies-of-urban-landscape.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/10/natural-enemies-of-urban-landscape.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 4 September 2022. "Urban Tree Canopy Placement Affects Summer Household Energy Savings." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/09/urban-tree-canopy-placement-affects.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/09/urban-tree-canopy-placement-affects.html
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Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/08/five-common-important-decay-fungi.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/08/five-common-important-decay-fungi.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 23 July 2022. "Electrical and Mechanical Failures Arise From Utility Tree Failures." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/07/electrical-and-mechanical-failures.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/07/electrical-and-mechanical-failures.html
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Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/06/cabling-and-bracing-support-systems.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/06/cabling-and-bracing-support-systems.html
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Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/03/remote-sensing-of-urban-forests-assures.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/03/remote-sensing-of-urban-forests-assures.html
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Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/04/rapid-urban-site-index-allows-urban.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/04/rapid-urban-site-index-allows-urban.html
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Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/03/remote-sensing-of-urban-forests-assures.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/03/remote-sensing-of-urban-forests-assures.html
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Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/02/sonic-tomography-adds-internal-defects.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/02/sonic-tomography-adds-internal-defects.html
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Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/01/private-tree-regulations-attempt-to.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/01/private-tree-regulations-attempt-to.html
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Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/01/best-management-practices-advance-urban.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/01/best-management-practices-advance-urban.html
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Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/12/integrated-vegetation-management.html
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Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/11/leafy-woody-canopies-and-diverse.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/11/leafy-woody-canopies-and-diverse.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 30 October 2021. "Careful Selection, Planting and Post-Planting Assist Tree Longevity." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/10/careful-selection-planting-and-post.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/10/careful-selection-planting-and-post.html
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Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/09/energy-gain-and-water-use-abet-radial.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/09/energy-gain-and-water-use-abet-radial.html
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Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/08/soil-assessments-address-low-or-affirm.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/08/soil-assessments-address-low-or-affirm.html
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Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/08/lindsey-purcell-aired-late-season.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/08/lindsey-purcell-aired-late-season.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 25 July 2021. "Soil, Roots, Leaves, Dormant Buds Affect Stressed Eucalypt Seedlings." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/07/soil-roots-leaves-dormant-buds-affect.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/07/soil-roots-leaves-dormant-buds-affect.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 17 July 2021. "Nick Araya of TreeCareLA Addressed Palm Pruning as TreeStuff Webinar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/07/nick-araya-of-treecarela-addressed-palm.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/07/nick-araya-of-treecarela-addressed-palm.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 27 June 2021. "Native Wood-Borers Alarm Ornamental Landscape and Urban Forest Natives." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/06/native-wood-borers-alarm-ornamental.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/06/native-wood-borers-alarm-ornamental.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 30 May 2021. "Structural Pruning of Callery Pear Adds Nothing to Branch Union Strength." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/05/structural-pruning-adds-no-branch-union.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/05/structural-pruning-adds-no-branch-union.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 25 April 2021. "Stationary Rope Systems (SRS) Annul Friction by Ascents and Redirects." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/04/stationary-rope-systems-srs-annul.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/04/stationary-rope-systems-srs-annul.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 21 March 2021. "Inducing Agents and Synthetic Fungicides Axe Leaf Blotch and Pear Scab." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/inducing-agents-and-synthetic.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/inducing-agents-and-synthetic.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 20 March 2021. "Shem Kendrick Added Modern At-Home Bonsai to TreeStuff Webinar Series." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/shem-kendrick-added-modern-at-home.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/shem-kendrick-added-modern-at-home.html
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Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/stationary-rope-systems-srs-allow.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/stationary-rope-systems-srs-allow.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 31 January 2021. "Street and Park Tree Inventories Since 1902 Assess Trees in Ithaca, NY." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/street-and-park-tree-inventories-since.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/street-and-park-tree-inventories-since.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 27 December 2020. "Tree Defect Identification During Tree Inspections Averts Tree Failure." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/12/tree-defect-identification-during-tree.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/12/tree-defect-identification-during-tree.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 29 November 2020. "Reduction Pruning Utility Trees Affects CODIT and Epicormic Branches." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/11/reduction-pruning-utility-trees-affects.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/11/reduction-pruning-utility-trees-affects.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 31 October 2020. "Arboricultural Operation Safety Standards Avert Adverse Events." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/10/arboricultural-operation-safety.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/10/arboricultural-operation-safety.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 27 September 2020. "Root-Stem Transition Zones Aim Loading Forces Through Roots and Soils." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/09/root-stem-transition-zones-aim-loading.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/09/root-stem-transition-zones-aim-loading.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 30 August 2020. "Arboricultural Operation Safety Standards Are Country-Specific." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/08/arboricultural-operation-safety.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/08/arboricultural-operation-safety.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 26 July 2020. "Sensitivity Analyses Admit Ecosystem Disservice and Ecosystem Service." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/07/sensitivity-analyses-admit-ecosystem.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/07/sensitivity-analyses-admit-ecosystem.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 28 June 2020. "Lignotubers Assure Arboricultural Management of Lignotuberous Shoots." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/06/lignotubers-assure-arboricultural.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 31 May 2020. "Included Bark Ages Safely With Fused, Entwining Natural Braces ." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/05/included-bark-ages-safely-with-fused.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/05/included-bark-ages-safely-with-fused.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 16 May 2020. "Trent Dicks Alerted TreeStuff Webinar Attendees to Spotted Lanternfly." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/05/trent-dicks-alerted-treestuff-webinar.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/05/trent-dicks-alerted-treestuff-webinar.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 26 April 2020. "Canker Identification and Canker Management Apply to Landscape Trees." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/04/canker-identification-and-canker.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/04/canker-identification-and-canker.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 29 March 2020. "Arboricultural Operation Safety Training Averts Hazardous Incidents." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/03/arboricultural-operation-safety.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/03/arboricultural-operation-safety.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 29 February 2020. "Boundary-Spanning Collective Action Assuages Wildfire Risk in the West." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/02/boundary-spanning-collective-action.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/02/boundary-spanning-collective-action.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 23 February 2020. "Biochar Applications Are Best With Compost and Fertilizer Applications." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/02/biochar-applications-are-best-with.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/02/biochar-applications-are-best-with.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 26 January 2020. "Fungicide Injections Affect Dutch Elm Disease and Internal Decay." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/01/fungicide-injections-affect-dutch-elm.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/01/fungicide-injections-affect-dutch-elm.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 29 December 2019. "Pruning Cuts Applied Ably, Appropriately Are Best Management Practices." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/12/pruning-cuts-applied-ably-appropriately.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/12/pruning-cuts-applied-ably-appropriately.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 30 November 2019. "Structural Growing Media and Supported Pavement Affect Tree Responses." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/11/structural-growing-media-and-supported.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/11/structural-growing-media-and-supported.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 27 October 2019. "Tree Pruning Systems Answer to Best Management Practices." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/10/tree-pruning-systems-answer-to-best.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/10/tree-pruning-systems-answer-to-best.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 22 September 2019. "Southeastern Street Tree Arthropod Pests Are Online Survey Subjects." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/09/southeastern-street-tree-arthropod.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/09/southeastern-street-tree-arthropod.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 25 August 2019. "Cost Approach Approximates Plant Repair, Replacement or Restoration." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/08/cost-approach-approximates-plant-repair.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/08/cost-approach-approximates-plant-repair.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 28 July 2019. "Indirect Watering Devices Are There for Newly Transplanted Urban Trees." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/07/indirect-watering-devices-are-there-for.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/07/indirect-watering-devices-are-there-for.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 30 June 2019. "Plant Appraisal Data Collection Allies Off-Site and On-Site Research." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/06/plant-appraisal-data-collection-allies.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/06/plant-appraisal-data-collection-allies.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 26 May 2019. "Wire Basket Removal or Wire Basket Retention: Girdling or Stable Roots." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/05/wire-basket-removal-or-wire-basket.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/05/wire-basket-removal-or-wire-basket.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 28 April 2019. "Woody Plant Appraisal Data Collection for Shrubs, Trees and Vines." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/04/woody-plant-appraisal-data-collection.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/04/woody-plant-appraisal-data-collection.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 30 March 2019. "Balancing Roadside Tree Benefits and Risk of Streetscape Tree Crashes." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/03/balancing-roadside-tree-benefits-and.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/03/balancing-roadside-tree-benefits-and.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 17 February 2019. “Plant Appraisal Estimate, Scope, Data, Analysis, Reconciliation, Report.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/02/plant-appraisal-estimate-scope-data.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/02/plant-appraisal-estimate-scope-data.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 27 January 2019. “Urban Tree Vulnerability in Residential Toronto, Ontario, Canada.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/01/urban-tree-vulnerability-in-residential.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/01/urban-tree-vulnerability-in-residential.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 30 December 2018. "Plant Appraisal: Cost and Value Estimates and Economic Principles." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/12/plant-appraisal-cost-and-value.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/12/plant-appraisal-cost-and-value.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 23 December 2018. "Six-Year Forest Health Ambassador Program of Oakville, Ontario, Canada." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/12/six-year-forest-health-ambassador.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/12/six-year-forest-health-ambassador.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 21 October 2018. "Nursery Production Systems: Tough Urban Landscape Trees on Rough Sites." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/10/nursery-production-systems-tough-urban.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/10/nursery-production-systems-tough-urban.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 16 September 2018. "Induced-Resistance Agents, Silicon Fertilizers, Synthetic Fungicides." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/09/induced-resistance-agents-silicon.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/09/induced-resistance-agents-silicon.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 26 August 2018. "Nursery Production Systems for Successful Urban Tree Plantings." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/08/nursery-production-systems-for.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/08/nursery-production-systems-for.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 29 July 2018. "Tree Roots Branch in Fabric Containers But Circle and Girdle Plastic." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/07/tree-roots-branch-in-fabric-containers.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/07/tree-roots-branch-in-fabric-containers.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 30 June 2018. "Wood Decay Fungi Management of Terminal Urban Pathogens." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/06/wood-decay-fungi-management-of-terminal.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/06/wood-decay-fungi-management-of-terminal.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 27 May 2018. "Downtown Commercial Streetscape Tree Populations in Toronto, Canada." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/05/downtown-commercial-streetscape-tree.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/05/downtown-commercial-streetscape-tree.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 28 April 2018. “Mushroom-Forming and Non-Mushroom-Forming Fungal Life Cycle Traits.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/04/mushroom-forming-and-non-mushroom.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/04/mushroom-forming-and-non-mushroom.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 17 March 2018. “Emerald Ash Borer Rapid Response Community Preparedness Project.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/03/emerald-ash-borer-rapid-response.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/03/emerald-ash-borer-rapid-response.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 17 February 2018. “Tree Retention by Arborists for Wildlife Habitat Friendly Tree Care.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/02/tree-retention-by-arborists-for.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/02/tree-retention-by-arborists-for.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 14 January 2018. “Integrated Vegetation Management Study in North and South Yukon, Canada.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/01/integrated-vegetation-management-study.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/01/integrated-vegetation-management-study.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 9 December 2017. “Tree Inventories: Preemptive and Proactive or Piecemeal and Reactive.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/12/tree-inventories-preemptive-and.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/12/tree-inventories-preemptive-and.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 25 November 2017. “Chlorantraniliprole Reduced-Risk Insecticides Get Leaf-Eaters Not Bees.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/11/chlorantraniliprole-reduced-risk.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/11/chlorantraniliprole-reduced-risk.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 28 October 2017. “Palm Plant Health Care: Abiotic, Biotic Stress Culture and Management.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/10/palm-plant-health-care-abiotic-biotic.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/10/palm-plant-health-care-abiotic-biotic.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 16 September 2017. “Predawn Leaf Water Potentials Indicate Crown Dieback and Water Status.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/09/predawn-leaf-water-potentials-indicate.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/09/predawn-leaf-water-potentials-indicate.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 19 August 2017. “Palm Tree Identification and Pruning of Native and Naturalizable Palms.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/08/palm-tree-identification-and-pruning-of.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/08/palm-tree-identification-and-pruning-of.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 22 July 2017. “Commonly Planted, Potentially Phytoremediating Street Tree Species.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/07/commonly-planted-potentially.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/07/commonly-planted-potentially.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 17 June 2017. “Root Loss From Root Pruning and Root Shaving of Stem-Girdling Roots.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/06/root-loss-from-root-pruning-and-root.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/06/root-loss-from-root-pruning-and-root.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 27 May 2017. “Age and Canopy Area Cost Less and Tell More in Urban Tree Inventories.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/05/age-and-canopy-area-cost-less-and-tell.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/05/age-and-canopy-area-cost-less-and-tell.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 22 April 2017. “Urban Root Management: Big Infrastructure, Small Space, Stressed Roots.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/04/urban-root-management-big.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/04/urban-root-management-big.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 12 March 2017. “Flexural Elasticity Modulus: Trees and Watersprouts Bend or Break.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/03/flexural-elasticity-modulus-trees-and.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/03/flexural-elasticity-modulus-trees-and.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 18 February 2017. “Plant Health Care Diagnostics When Plants and Places Wrong One Another.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/02/plant-health-care-diagnostics-when.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/02/plant-health-care-diagnostics-when.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 14 January 2017. “Tree Fertilization for Fine Root Growth and Whole Root System Effects.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/01/tree-fertilization-for-fine-root-growth.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/01/tree-fertilization-for-fine-root-growth.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 17 December 2016. “Abiotic and Biotic Stress in Low Maintenance Tree Health Care Programs.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/12/abiotic-and-biotic-stress-in-low.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/12/abiotic-and-biotic-stress-in-low.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 19 November 2016. “Organic Amendments to Compacted Degraded Urban Highway Roadsides.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/11/organic-amendments-to-compacted.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/11/organic-amendments-to-compacted.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 15 October 2016. “Tree Protection Zones by Arborists for All Construction Project Phases.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/10/tree-protection-zones-by-arborists-for.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/10/tree-protection-zones-by-arborists-for.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 17 September 2016. “Stormwater Runoff Landscaping With Urban Canopy Cover and Groundcover.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/09/stormwater-runoff-landscaping-with.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/09/stormwater-runoff-landscaping-with.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 13 August 2016. “Changing Places: Tree Nutrient Movement Down, Tree Water Movement Up.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/08/changing-places-tree-nutrient-movement.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/08/changing-places-tree-nutrient-movement.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 16 July 2016. “Treated or Untreated Oriental Bittersweet Vine Management Cut-Stumping.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/07/treated-or-untreated-oriental.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/07/treated-or-untreated-oriental.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 18 June 2016. “Tree Injection Site Procedures: Manufacturer's Instructions and Labels.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/06/tree-injection-site-procedures.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/06/tree-injection-site-procedures.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 22 May 2016. “Electrical Utility Area Temperate Urban Street Trees: Pruned Regrowth.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/05/electrical-utility-area-temperate-urban.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/05/electrical-utility-area-temperate-urban.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 16 April 2016. “Tree Injection Methods: Treatment Option in Integrated Pest Management.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/04/tree-injection-methods-treatment-option.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/04/tree-injection-methods-treatment-option.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 6 March 2016. “Bare-Rooted Ornamental Urban Transplants: Amendments Against Mortality.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/03/bare-rooted-ornamental-urban.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/03/bare-rooted-ornamental-urban.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 28 February 2016. “Bark Protective Survival Mechanisms Foil Deprivation, Injury, Invasion.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/02/bark-protective-survival-mechanisms.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/02/bark-protective-survival-mechanisms.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 23 January 2016. "LITA Model: Linear Index of Tree Appraisal of Large Urban Swedish Trees." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/01/lita-model-linear-index-of-tree.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/01/lita-model-linear-index-of-tree.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 19 December 2015. “Tree Lightning Protection Systems: Site, Soil, Species True Designs.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/12/tree-lightning-protection-systems-site.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/12/tree-lightning-protection-systems-site.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 24 October 2015. “Tree Lightning Protection Systems Tailored to Sites, Soils, Species.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/10/tree-lightning-protection-systems.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/10/tree-lightning-protection-systems.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 15 August 2015. “Tree Friendly Urban Soil Management: Amend, Fertilize, Mulch, Till!” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/08/tree-friendly-urban-soil-management.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/08/tree-friendly-urban-soil-management.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 13 June 2015. “Tree Friendly Urban Soil Management: Assemble, Assess, Assist, Astound.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/06/tree-friendly-urban-soil-management.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/06/tree-friendly-urban-soil-management.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 18 April 2015. “Tree Wound Responses: Healthy Wound Closures by Callus and Woundwood.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/04/tree-wound-responses-healthy-wound.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/04/tree-wound-responses-healthy-wound.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 15 February 2015. “Urban Forest Maintenance and Non-Maintenance Costs and Benefits.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/02/urban-forest-maintenance-and-non.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/02/urban-forest-maintenance-and-non.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 13 December 2014. “Tree Dwelling Symbionts: Dodder, Lichen, Mistletoe, Moss and Woe-Vine.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/12/tree-dwelling-symbionts-dodder-lichen.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/12/tree-dwelling-symbionts-dodder-lichen.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 18 October 2014. “Tree Cable Installation Systems Lessen Target Impact From Tree Failure.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/10/tree-cable-installation-systems-lessen.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/10/tree-cable-installation-systems-lessen.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 16 August 2014. “Flood Tolerant Trees in Worst-Case Floodplain and Urbanized Scenarios.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/08/flood-tolerant-trees-in-worst-case.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/08/flood-tolerant-trees-in-worst-case.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 14 June 2014. “Integrated Vegetation Management of Plants in Utility Rights-of-Way.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/06/integrated-vegetation-management-of.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/06/integrated-vegetation-management-of.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 12 April 2014. “Tree Twig Identification: Buds, Bundle Scars, Leaf Drops, Leaf Scars.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/04/tree-twig-identification-buds-bundle.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/04/tree-twig-identification-buds-bundle.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 15 February 2014. “Tree Twig Anatomy: Ecosystem Stress, Growth Rates, Winter Identification.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/02/tree-twig-anatomy-ecosystem-stress.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/02/tree-twig-anatomy-ecosystem-stress.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 14 December 2013. “Community and Tree Safety Awareness During Line- and Road-Clearances.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/12/community-and-tree-safety-awareness.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/12/community-and-tree-safety-awareness.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 13 October 2013. “Chain-Saw Gear and Tree Work Related Personal Protective Equipment.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/10/chain-saw-gear-and-tree-work-related.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/10/chain-saw-gear-and-tree-work-related.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 12 October 2013. “Storm Damaged Tree Clearances: Matched Teamwork of People to Equipment.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/10/storm-damaged-tree-clearances-matched.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/10/storm-damaged-tree-clearances-matched.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 17 August 2013. “Storm Induced Tree Damage Assessments: Pre-Storm Planned Preparedness.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/08/storm-induced-tree-damage-assessments.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/08/storm-induced-tree-damage-assessments.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 15 June 2013. “Storm Induced Tree Failures From Heavy Tree Weights and Weather Loads.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/06/storm-induced-tree-failures-from-heavy.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/06/storm-induced-tree-failures-from-heavy.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 13 April 2013. “Urban Tree Root Management Concerns: Defects, Digs, Dirt, Disturbance.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/04/urban-tree-root-management-concerns.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/04/urban-tree-root-management-concerns.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 16 February 2013. “Tree Friendly Beneficial Soil Microbes: Inoculations and Occurrences.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/02/tree-friendly-beneficial-soil-microbes.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/02/tree-friendly-beneficial-soil-microbes.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 15 December 2012. “Healthy Urban Tree Root Crown Balances: Soil Properties, Soil Volumes.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/12/healthy-urban-tree-root-crown-balances.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/12/healthy-urban-tree-root-crown-balances.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 13 October 2012. “Tree Adaptive Growth: Tree Risk Assessment of Tree Failure, Tree Strength.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/10/tree-adaptive-growth-tree-risk.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/10/tree-adaptive-growth-tree-risk.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 11 August 2012. “Tree Risk Assessment Mitigation Reports: Tree Removal, Tree Retention?” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/08/tree-risk-assessment-mitigation-reports.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/08/tree-risk-assessment-mitigation-reports.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 16 June 2012. “Internally Stressed, Response Growing, Wind Loaded Tree Strength.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/06/internally-stressed-response-growing.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/06/internally-stressed-response-growing.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 14 April 2012. “Three Tree Risk Assessment Levels: Limited Visual, Basic and Advanced.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/04/three-tree-risk-assessment-levels.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/04/three-tree-risk-assessment-levels.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 19 February 2012. “Qualitative Tree Risk Assessment: Risk Ratings for Targets and Trees.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/02/qualitative-tree-risk-assessment-risk.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/02/qualitative-tree-risk-assessment-risk.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 18 February 2012. “Qualitative Tree Risk Assessment: Falling Trees Impacting Targets.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/02/qualitative-tree-risk-assessment.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/02/qualitative-tree-risk-assessment.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 10 December 2011. “Tree Risk Assessment: Tree Failures From Defects and From Wind Loads.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/12/tree-risk-assessment-tree-failures-from.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/12/tree-risk-assessment-tree-failures-from.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 15 October 2011. “Five Tree Felling Plan Steps for Successful Removals and Worker Safety.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/10/five-tree-felling-plan-steps-for.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/10/five-tree-felling-plan-steps-for.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 13 August 2011. “Natives and Non-Natives as Successfully Urbanized Plant Species.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/08/natives-and-non-natives-as-successfully.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/08/natives-and-non-natives-as-successfully.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 11 June 2011. “Tree Ring Patterns for Ecosystem Ages, Dates, Health and Stress.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/06/tree-ring-patterns-for-ecosystem-ages.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/06/tree-ring-patterns-for-ecosystem-ages.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 9 April 2011. “Benignly Ugly Tree Disorders: Oak Galls, Powdery Mildew, Sooty Mold, Tar Spot.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/04/benignly-ugly-tree-disorders-oak-galls.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/04/benignly-ugly-tree-disorders-oak-galls.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 12 February 2011. “Tree Load Can Turn Tree Health Into Tree Failure or Tree Fatigue.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/02/tree-load-can-turn-tree-health-into.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/02/tree-load-can-turn-tree-health-into.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 22 December 2010. “Tree Electrical Safety Knowledge, Precautions, Risks and Standards.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/12/tree-electrical-safety-knowledge.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/12/tree-electrical-safety-knowledge.html
Matheny, Nelda; E. Thomas Smiley; Ryan Gilpin; and Richard Hauer. April 2023. "Trees and Construction -- The Design Phase." Arborist News (2): 10-17.
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