Washington's Second Presidential Mansion Was Alexander Macomb House

Summary: George Washington's second presidential mansion was the Alexander Macomb House on Broadway in the new nation's temporary capital, New York City.

The Alexander Macomb House, also known as McComb House, numbered as President Washington's second executive residence, occupied by the first U.S. president for six months one week (Tuesday, Feb. 23, to Monday, Aug. 30, 1790) during the first of his two presidential terms; M.J. Lamb, History of the City of New York, vol. II (1880), page 362: Public Domain, via Library of Congress Book/Printed Material

George Washington's second presidential mansion was the Alexander Macomb House, which was located at 39-41 Broadway in the current Financial District neighborhood of Lower Manhattan in the new nation's temporary capital, New York City.

Non-White House dweller George Washington (Feb. 22, 1732-Dec. 14, 1799) lived in three executive residences during his two terms as the first President of the United States (POTUS). His first two official residences were located in New York City, the new nation's temporary capital. His third official residence was sited in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, designated as the temporary federal capital for the decade from 1790 to 1800. The transition from New York City to Philadelphia was stipulated by the Residence Act of Friday, July 16, 1790, during the first U.S. president's first term (Thursday, April 30, 1789, to Sunday, March 3, 1793).

The Samuel Osgood House, at 3 Cherry Street, in Lower Manhattan, numbered as the first official residence. The three-story, stone-ornamented brick mansion had been built in 1770 by American Quaker merchant Walter Franklin (Dec. 11, 1728-Aug. 6, 1780).

The first U.S. president noted having made a lease agreement Saturday, Dec. 30, 1789, for the Alexander Macomb House in his diary entry for Monday, Feb. 1, 1790, according to Diary of Washington: From the First Day of October, 1789, to the Tenth Day of March, 1790, edited by 19th-century American historian Benson John Lossing (Feb. 12, 1813-June 3, 1891) and published in 1858 (page 75). The Alexander Macomb House was known also as the McComb House, a variant of the owner's surname that President Washington observed.

Alexander Macomb (July 27, 1748-Jan. 19, 1831) was born in Ballynure, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, and immigrated with his parents and siblings to New York in 1755, according to David B. Dill, Jr., in "Portrait of an Opportunist: The Life of Alexander Macomb," published Sunday, Sep. 9, 1990, as the first of a special three-part series in New York North Country region's The Watertown Daily Times. The Irish-American fur trader, land speculator and merchant had purchased numbers 39 and 41 as vacant lots Monday, May 8, 1786, according to Liber Deeds XLVI: 6, in The Iconography of Manhattan Island, 1498-1909, vol. V (page 1210), published by American architect I.N. (Isaac Newton) Phelps Stokes (April 11, 1867-Dec. 18, 1944) in 1916. Construction of Macomb's mansion was completed by Wednesday, Oct. 10, 1787, according to the Minutes of the Common Council of the City of New York (MCCCNY) 1784-1831 for that date (MCCCNY, vol. I, page 327; Stokes: page 1210).

The second presidential mansion was "one story higher than Osgood's house, and in every way more commodious," according to American bookseller, editor, publisher and writer James Grant Wilson (April 28, 1832-Feb. 1, 1914) in The Memorial History of the City of New-York From Its First Settlement to the Year 1892, volume III, published in 1893 (page 68). The mansion's location in the Financial District (FiDi) neighborhood in Manhattan's southern tip was a more convenient location than the Osgood House's placement, to the northeast, in Lower Manhattan's current Civic Center neighborhood, near the East River, according to American art historian Damie Stillman (born July 27, 1933) in "Six Houses for the President," published in the October 2005 issue of The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography. The Macomb House was sited "a block-and-a-half above Bowling Green" (page 413). Bowling Green was established Thursday, March 12, 1733, as New York City's oldest public park, according to the New York City Department of Parks & Recreation's online description of the park's historical marker of bronze plaque on Milford pink granite plinth, erected in 1938.

The stone-ornamented, brick Alexander Macomb House was designed as a four-story residence. Quoins patterned in alternate lengths accented the building's corners. The five-bay mansion's "slightly projecting central bay" featured "an elaborate fan- and side-lit doorway" in the first floor, a Palladian window in the second and third floors, and a double hung window on the fourth floor" (Stillman: page 413).

President Washington's occupancy of the Alexander Macomb House lasted from Tuesday, Feb. 23, to Monday, Aug. 30, 1790. Preparations for the relocation included the addition of a stable at his new official residence. "Walked to my newly engaged lodgings to fix on a spot for a new stable which I was about to build. Agreed with . . . . . to erect one 30 feet square, 16 feet pitch, to contain 12 single stalls; a hay loft, racks, mangers, &c.; planked floor, and underpinned with stone, with windows between each stall, for £65," President Washington diarized for Saturday, Feb. 6, 1790 (Lossing: page 76).

The first U.S. president regularly walked from the Samuel Osgood House to his second official residence. On Saturday, Feb. 13, the President wrote: "Walked in the forenoon to the house to which I am about to remove. Gave directions for the management of the furniture, &c., and had some of it put up" (page 78). He walked to the Macomb House on Friday, Feb. 19. On Saturday, Feb. 20, he visited the Broadway mansion twice, once on foot and then again by carriage. He noted: "Sat from 9 until 11, for Mr. Trumbull. Walked afterwards to my new house -- then rode a few miles with Mrs. Washington and the children before dinner; after which I again visited my new house in my coach (because it rained)" (Lossing: pages 82-83). Monday, Feb. 22, the day before moving, President Washington wrote: "Set seriously about removing my furniture to my new house. Two of the gentlemen of the family had their beds taken there, and would sleep there to-night" (Lossing: page 83).

Tuesday, Feb. 23, found the President, his wife, Martha Dandridge Custis Washington (June 2, 1731-May 22, 1802), and two of Martha's grandchildren, George Washington Parke Custis (April 30, 1781-Oct. 10, 1857) and Eleanor "Nelly" Parke Custis Lewis (March 31, 1779-July 15, 1852), in the second Washington presidential residence. President Washington recorded: "After dinner, Mrs. Washington, myself, and children removed, and lodged at our new habitation" (Lossing: page 83).

George Washington vacated his second official residence after six months and one week of presidential occupancy. His inhabitation of his third presidential residence, Philadelphia's President's House, dated from Saturday, Nov. 27, 1790, to Friday, March 10, 1797.

"The Republican Court (Lady Washington's Reception Day)," 1861 oil on canvas by American Hudson River School artist Daniel Huntington (Oct. 4, 1816-April 19, 1906), was set in the Alexander Macomb House, inaccurately, according to American historian and writer Anne Hollingsworth Wharton (Dec. 15, 1845-July 29, 1928), who critiqued: "Mr. Huntington has in his famous painting of the Republican Court made the McComb house on Broadway the background of his picture. This was a much more commodious house, to which the President and his family removed in the spring of 1790. . . . The President did not usually stand beside his wife on these occasons, as he considered himself a private citizen when at Mrs. Washington's receptions, and moved from group to group." (Salons Colonial and Republican [1952], page 52); on view in Luce Visible Storage and Study Center, 5th Floor, Brooklyn Museum, New York City borough of Brooklyn: No known copyright restrictions, via Brooklyn Museum

Acknowledgment

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The Alexander Macomb House, also known as McComb House, numbered as President Washington's second executive residence, occupied by the first U.S. president for six months one week (Tuesday, Feb. 23, to Monday, Aug. 30, 1790) during the first of his two presidential terms; M.J. Lamb, History of the City of New York, vol. II (1880), page 362: Public Domain, via Library of Congress Book/Printed Material @ https://www.loc.gov/resource/gdcmassbookdig.historyofcityofn03lambm/?sp=386

"The Republican Court (Lady Washington's Reception Day)," 1861 oil on canvas by American Hudson River School artist Daniel Huntington (Oct. 4, 1816-April 19, 1906), was set in the Alexander Macomb House, inaccurately, according to American historian and writer Anne Hollingsworth Wharton (Dec. 15, 1845-July 29, 1928), who critiqued: "Mr. Huntington has in his famous painting of the Republican Court made the McComb house on Broadway the background of his picture. This was a much more commodious house, to which the President and his family removed in the spring of 1790. . . . The President did not usually stand beside his wife on these occasons, as he considered himself a private citizen when at Mrs. Washington's receptions, and moved from group to group." (Salons Colonial and Republican [1952], page 52); on view in Luce Visible Storage and Study Center, 5th Floor, Brooklyn Museum, New York City borough of Brooklyn: No known copyright restrictions, via Brooklyn Museum @ https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/objects/487; Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Republican_Court_(Lady_Washington%27s_Reception_Day)_-_Daniel_Huntington_-_overall.jpg

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Wharton, Anne Hollingsworth. "Mr. Huntington has in his famous painting of the Republican Court made the McComb house on Broadway the background of his picture. This was a much more commodious house, to which the President and his family removed in the spring of 1790. Mrs. Washington, although most dignified in her bearing and manners, was of small stature, and Mr. Huntington, whether true to life or simply to his own artistic instincts, has made the small hostess appear as if standing upon a slight elevation above most of her guests. . . . The President did not usually stand beside his wife on these occasons, as he considered himself a private citizen when at Mrs. Washington's receptions, and moved from group to group. . . ." Pages 52-53. Salons Colonial and Republican. With Numerous Reproductions of Portraits and Miniatures of Men and Women Prominent in Colonial Life and in the Early Days of the Republic. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company, 1900.
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