Musk Ox, Muskox Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar February 2022 Animals

Summary: Musk ox and muskox Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar February 2022 Animals Whose Arctic, Near-Arctic Areas Attract National Audubon Society Attention.

Female and male musk oxen, musk-oxen, muskoxen amble with their guard- and long-haired overcoats, gray- and short-furred legs and muzzles and white-yellow saddle and stockings through 14- to 18- or 20-year life cycles. High body fat, massive build, short legs and thick fur anchor them to short, slow circuits even as they angle away, at maximum 25-mile (40.23-kilometer) hourly speeds on circular two-toed hooves, from human predators whom musk ox, musk-ox, muskox left-jaw, right-jaw, 32-tooth dentitions of 0 upper/3 lower incisors, 0 upper/3 lower canines, 3 upper/3 lower premolars and 3 upper/3 lower molars sometimes appal, sometimes not; "Ovibos Moschatus, Gmel. Musk Ox Males," Drawn from Nature by J.W. Audubon (John Woodhouse Audubon, John James Audubon's second son; Nov. 30, 1812-Feb. 21, 1862); Lith'd Print'd & Col'd by J.T. Bowen, Philad'a, 1847; John James Audubon, The viviparous quadrupeds of North America, vol. III (1848), No. 23, Plate CXI: No copyright (Public Domain Mark 1.0), via University of Michigan Library Digital Collections

Musk ox and muskox, musk oxen and muskoxen are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar February 2022 animals whose Arctic, Near-Arctic areas in Alaska non-natively and in Canada natively attract National Audubon Society attention.

The Artiodactyla (from Greek ἄρτιος, “even” and δάκτυλος, “finger, toe”) even-toed ungulate order member breeds between June and September and births the following April through June. The Bovidae (from Latin bōs, “bull, cow, ox” and Greek -ειδής, “resembling” via Latin -idæ) antelope, bison, buffalo, caprine, cattle family member congregates in tundra countrysides. The Caprinae (from Latin capr-, “billy goat, male goat” and -īnus, “of” via Latin caprīnus) antelope, caprine, goat, ruminant subfamily member desires summer-moist and winter-open tundra.

The Ovibovini (from Latin ovis, “sheep”; bōs, “cow, ox”; -īnus, “of” via bovini) goat and sheep tribe member elects summer lakesides, valley bottoms and wet meadows.

Musk ox and muskox, musk-ox and musk-oxen, muskox and muskoxen abide as native animals in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, northeasternmost and northernmost Greenland and northernmost Canada from Northwest Territories through Nunavut; biogeographical map (Jan. 3, 2007, by Masae; retouched Jan. 1, 2013, by Retired electrician) shows distribution of muskox, with red=historical habitat, blue=recently introduced populations: CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons

Ovibos moschatus (from Latin ovis, “sheep”; bōs, “cow, ox; moschātus, “musk”), described by Eberhardt August Wilhelm von Zimmermann (Aug. 17, 1743-July 4, 1815), follows wintry winds.

Open ridges, slopes and summits guard the introduced species of coastal Alaska, Canadian Northwest Territories, Greenland, Russia; Nunavuk, Wrangel islands; inland Norway, Sweden; and Svalbard archipelago. Alaskan, Canadian, Greenlandic, Norwegian, Russian, Svalbard and Swedish open, windswept, windry tundra (from Lappish тӯннтрэ, “flatless mountain tract, uplands” via Russian ту́ндра) heights hinder snow accumulation. Introduced populations invoke ancient musk oxen and muskoxen populations of northern Alaska, Canada, Greenland and Russia, the latter they inhabited until 3,000 to 4,000 years ago.

Musk ox, musk-ox, muskox journey as Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar February 2022 animals even as they join musk oxen, musk-oxen, muskoxen journeying through the English-speaking Arctic.

Female and male, cow and bull musk oxen, musk-oxen, muskoxen align into defensive formations around their calves against attacking predators; Frederic E. Clements and Victor E. Shelford, Bio-Ecology (1939), page 114: No known copyright restrictions, via Internet Archive

Musk ox, musk-ox or muskox and musk oxen, musk-oxen or muskoxen know 10- to 20-, maximally 100-member herd lifestyles during their 12- to 20-year life expectancies.

Female and male musk oxen, musk-oxen and muskoxen log large, long horns that look as light as their feet and legs against their black-brown, coarse coats. Their horns meander downward along and outward from their bodies, whose short, sturdy legs maintain massive builds that each manifest a slight hump over their shoulders. Physically and sexually mature female musk oxen, musk-oxen, musk oxen net average 4-foot (1.22-meter) heights at shoulder levels and 400- to 500-pound (181.44- to 226.79-kilogram) weights.

Musk ox, musk-ox or muskox and musk oxen, musk-oxen or musk oxen as Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar February 2022 animals offer more massive males than females.

Seven-and-one-half- to 8.5-month-long gestations add one 317.47- to 388.01-ounce (9- to 11-kilogram) calf who accomplishes nursing and standing within 45 minutes; achieves 17.64-ounce (0.5-kilogram) weight gains; and adapts to the outside world with her/his layered, pre-birth baby qiviut (from Inuktitut qiviuq, "underwool") and brown fat. Musk ox, musk-ox, muskox calves adjust to adult food within weeks even as they admit maternal milk within their daily diets for 8 to 12 or even 24 months after their births. They affect a certain shyness by affixing themselves to maternal underkirts of guard hairs until physical and sexual maturity as 1.5- to 4-year-old females and 2- to 4-year-old males; Monday, July 4, 2016, 18:43:31, image of musk ox calf with raven, Alaska Wildlife Conservation Center, Portage Valley, Municipality of Anchorage, Southcentral Alaska: generalising, CC BY SA 2.0 Generic, via Flickr

Physically and sexually mature males present average 5- to 6-foot (1.52- to 1.83-meter) heights at shoulder levels and average 600- to 800-plus-pound (272.16- to 362.87-plus-kilogram) weights.

Female and male, juvenile and mature musk oxen, musk-oxen and muskoxen diets quarter browsing-friendly winter dwarf willow and shrubs and grazing-friendly summer grasses, reeds and sedges. Arctic wolves (Canis lupus arctos), grizzly (Ursus arctos horribilis) and polar bears (Ursus maritimus) and humans rank among the main predators of calves and infirm adults. Arctic wolves (Canis lupus arctos) and humans serve as the primary predators of all ages and genders of North American Arctic-sheltering musk oxen, musk-oxen and muskoxen.

Lighter foreheads tell a female or a juvenile musk ox, musk-ox, musk-ox from male musk oxen, musk-oxen, muskoxen as Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar February 2022 animals.

Perhaps atypical, perhaps typical Alaskan ranges amount to average summer ranges of 86.1 square miles (223 square kilometers) near water bodies and average winter ranges of 10.43 to 27.03 square miles (27 to 70 square kilometers) on high, snow-less, wind-blown grounds. They articulate in summer breeding and winter gestating territories such vocalizations as calf and cow bleats and as bull and cow grunts and snorts. Non-vocal communication asserts itself as eye gland-rubbing against what assume marker roles in their territories, ground-digging with their maximally 24-inch- (60.96-centimeter-) long horns, head- and 2.5- to 6.5-inch- (6- to 17-centimeter-) long tail swinging, side-walking on their circularly two-toed hooves and urine-dribbling; Vasily Nikolayevich Berkh (ВАСИЛИЙ НИКОЛАЕВИЧ БЕРХ), Хронологическая история всех путешествий в северные полярные страны, с присовокуплением обозрения физических свойств того края. вторая часть (The chronological history of all travels to the northern polar countries, with the addition of a review of the physical properties of that region), Part Two (1823: page 213): Public Domain, via the British Library

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Female and male musk oxen, musk-oxen, muskoxen amble with their guard- and long-haired overcoats, gray- and short-furred legs and muzzles and white-yellow saddle and stockings through 14- to 18- or 20-year life cycles. High body fat, massive build, short legs and thick fur anchor them to short, slow circuits even as they angle away, at maximum 25-mile (40.23-kilometer) hourly speeds on circular two-toed hooves, from human predators whom musk ox, musk-ox, muskox left-jaw, right-jaw, 32-tooth dentitions of 0 upper/3 lower incisors, 0 upper/3 lower canines, 3 upper/3 lower premolars and 3 upper/3 lower molars sometimes appal, sometimes not; "Ovibos Moschatus, Gmel. Musk Ox Males," Drawn from Nature by J.W. Audubon (John Woodhouse Audubon, John James Audubon's second son; Nov. 30, 1812-Feb. 21, 1862); Lith'd Print'd & Col'd by J.T. Bowen, Philad'a, 1847; John James Audubon, The viviparous quadrupeds of North America, vol. III (1848), No. 23, Plate CXI: No copyright (Public Domain Mark 1.0), via University of Michigan Library Digital Collections @ https://quod.lib.umich.edu/s/sclaudubon/x-B6719891/29375_0022; Public Domain, via The New York Public Library Digital Collections @ https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47da-786b-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99; J.J. Audubon, The Quadrupeds of North America, vol. III (1854), Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_quadrupeds_of_North_America_(Plate_CXI)_(7752400274).jpg; Copyright Status: Not provided; contact Holding Institution to verify copyright status, via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34897011; Biodiversity Heritage Library (BioDivLibrary), Public Domain, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/61021753@N02/7752400274/; (Nothing about copyright), via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/quadrupedsofnort03audu/page/n82/mode/1up

Musk ox and muskox, musk-ox and musk-oxen, muskox and muskoxen abide as native animals in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, northeasternmost and northernmost Greenland and northernmost Canada from Northwest Territories through Nunavut; biogeographical map (Jan. 3, 2007, by Masae; retouched Jan. 1, 2013, by Retired electrician) shows distribution of muskox, with red=historical habitat, blue=recently introduced populations: CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Muskox_distribution_combined.png

Female and male, cow and bull musk oxen, musk-oxen, muskoxen align into defensive formations around their calves against attacking predators; Frederic E. Clements and Victor E. Shelford, Bio-Ecology (1939), page 114: No known copyright restrictions, via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/bioecology00clem/page/114/mode/1up; No known copyright restrictions, via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/5834770

Seven-and-one-half- to 8.5-month-long gestations add one 317.47- to 388.01-ounce (9- to 11-kilogram) calf who accomplishes nursing and standing within 45 minutes; achieves 17.64-ounce (0.5-kilogram) weight gains; and adapts to the outside world with her/his layered, pre-birth baby qiviut (from Inuktitut qiviuq, "underwool") and brown fat. Musk ox, musk-ox, muskox calves adjust to adult food within weeks even as they admit maternal milk within their daily diets for 8 to 12 or even 24 months after their births. They affect a certain shyness by affixing themselves to maternal underkirts of guard hairs until physical and sexual maturity as 1.5- to 4-year-old females and 2- to 4-year-old males; Monday, July 4, 2016, 18:43:31, image of musk ox calf with raven, Alaska Wildlife Conservation Center, Portage Valley, Municipality of Anchorage, Southcentral Alaska: generalising, CC BY SA 2.0 Generic, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/97534175@N00/31233070880/

Perhaps atypical, perhaps typical Alaskan ranges amount to average summer ranges of 86.1 square miles (223 square kilometers) near water bodies and average winter ranges of 10.43 to 27.03 square miles (27 to 70 square kilometers) on high, snow-less, wind-blown grounds. They articulate in summer breeding and winter gestating territories such vocalizations as calf and cow bleats and as bull and cow grunts and snorts. Non-vocal communication asserts itself as eye gland-rubbing against what assume marker roles in their territories, ground-digging with their maximally 24-inch- (60.96-centimeter-) long horns, head- and 2.5- to 6.5-inch- (6- to 17-centimeter-) long tail swinging, side-walking on their circularly two-toed hooves and urine-dribbling; Vasily Nikolayevich Berkh (ВАСИЛИЙ НИКОЛАЕВИЧ БЕРХ), Хронологическая история всех путешествий в северные полярные страны, с присовокуплением обозрения физических свойств того края. вторая часть (The chronological history of all travels to the northern polar countries, with the addition of a review of the physical properties of that region), Part Two (1823: page 213): Public Domain, via the British Library @ https://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_000000013CC2#?cv=490&c=0&m=0&s=0&xywh=-176%2C0%2C1895%2C2471&r=90; Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BERKH(1821)_p491.jpg

For further information:

Elder, Sarah Marie. 2005. "Ovibos moschatus muskox." (On-line) Animal Diversity Web. Ann Arbor MI: University of Michigan Museum of Zoology.
Available @ https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Ovibos_moschatus/

Forsyth, Adrian. 1999. "Muskox Ovibos moschatus." Pages 336-337. Mammals of North America: Temperate and Arctic Regions. Buffalo NJ: Firefly Books (U.A.) Inc.

Gunn, A.; and Forchhammer, M. 2016. [errata version of 2008 assessment]. "Muskox Ovibos moschatus." (Errata version of 2008 assessment). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T29684A86066477. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T29684A9526203.en.
Available @ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/29684/86066477

Huffman, Brent. "Ovibos moschatus Musk ox." Ultimate Ungulate > Ultimate Ungulate Fact Sheet > Order Artiodactyla > Ruminantia > Suborder Ruminantia Ruminants > Bovidae > Family Bovidae Cattle, antelopes, and goats > Caprinae > Subfamily Caprinae Sheep, goats, and relatives > . Last updated 22 March 2004.
Available @ http://www.ultimateungulate.com/artiodactyla/ovibos_moschatus.html

Kobasa, Paul A. (Editor-in-Chief). 2007. "Musk Ox (Ovibos moschatus)." Page 59. Mammals of the United States and Canada. World Book's Science & Nature Guides. World Book. Chicago IL: World Book, Inc.

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 February 2023. "Red-Throated Loons Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 February Birds." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/red-throated-loons-are-audubon-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 January 2023. "Mallard Ducks Aced Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 as January Birds." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/mallard-ducks-aced-audubon-arctic-wall.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 January 2023. "Red Foxes Are January Wildlife on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/red-foxes-are-january-wildlife-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 December 2022. "Dark-Eyed Juncos Are December Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/12/dark-eyed-juncos-are-december-birds-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 November 2022. "Eared Grebes Are November Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/11/eared-grebes-are-november-birds-on-2022.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 October 2022. "Barred Owls Are October Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/10/barred-owls-are-october-birds-on-2022.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 September 2022. "Brown Pelicans Are September Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/09/brown-pelicans-are-september-birds-on.html

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Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/08/allens-hummingbirds-are-august-birds-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 July 2022. "Reddish Egrets Are July Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/07/reddish-egrets-are-july-birds-on-2022.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 June 2022. "American Oystercatchers Are June Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/06/american-oystercatchers-are-june-birds.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 May 2022. "Rose-Breasted Grosbeaks Are May Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/05/rose-breasted-grosbeaks-are-may-birds.html

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Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/04/crested-caracaras-appear-as-april-birds.html

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Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/03/cerulean-warblers-are-march-birds-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 February 2022. "Northern Bobwhites Are February Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/02/northern-bobwhites-are-february-birds.html

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Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/01/florida-scrub-jays-are-january-birds-on.html