Chris Graves Aced Winter Tree ID 2 at Tennessee Urban Forestry Council

Summary: Chris Graves aced Winter Tree ID 2 at Tennessee Urban Forestry Council 2023 Webinar Number 2 Monday, Feb. 13, 2023, 12:00 noon to 1:00 p.m. Eastern Time.

Certified Wildlife Biologist, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture J.E. Moss Achievement Awardee and University of Tennessee Senior Lecturer Chris Graves accepts as wide-ranging trees of Tennessee and the other Southern States longleaf (Pinus palustris, from Latin pīnus, “pine tree” and palūs, "bog, swamp" via palūstris, "boggy, marshy, swampy") and shortleaf (Pinus echinata, from Latin pīnus, “pine tree” and echināta, "prickly") pine trees. He acclaimed both in Winter Tree ID 2 for the Tennessee Urban Forestry Council 2023 Webinar series hosted and organized, with assistance from Kevin Bolger of University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture's (UTIA's) School of Natural Resources, by Katie Donaldson of UTIA's School of Natural Resources and Neil Letson of Tennessee Urban Forestry Council. "Pinus Echinata: Seedling, Male and Female Flower, and Leaf Sections. Explanation of Plate XV: Fig. a, branch from lower limb bearing male inflorescence with flowers in a dense cluster (first week of April, southern Alabama); b, c, branch with two subterminal aments of female flowers below which are two female cones of one season's growth; d, detached male flower showing basal involucral scales, magnified 3 diameters; e, germinating seed (February); f, same seedling one month later (March) with 7 cotyledons in the midst of which the terminal bud shows the primary leaves appearing; g, seedling about the close of the first season with terminal cluster of true (secondary) leaves, below which are seen the withered primary leaves; h, i, transverse section through base of two and three leafed leaf bundle, magnified 50 diameters, showing outer small hypodermal cells, the stomata appearing as marginal white spots; next a broad band of large in-walled parenchymatous cells bearing chlorophyll, within which, at the angles of the leaf, resin ducts appear as large openings; the dark areas in the center are fibro-vascular bundles surrounded by a single row of thin-walled cells (bundle sheath)," del. (delineavit, "he/she drew") D. Oszewski; Charles Mohr, The Timber Pines of the Southern United States (1896), Plate XV, opposite page 94: Biodiversity Heritage Library (BioDivLibrary), Public Domain, via Flickr

Chris Graves aced Winter Tree ID 2, to Part 1 Monday, Jan. 30, 2023, at Tennessee Urban Forestry Council 2023 Webinar Number 2 Monday, Feb. 13, noon to 1:00 p.m. Eastern Time.

University of Tennessee Senior Lecturer Christopher Graves balanced his first-part approach to what winter trees bear with Part 2 baring what landscape bears what tree species. Chestnut oaks (Quercus montana, from Latin quercus, “oak”; montāna, “mountain”), white oak (Leucobalanus, from Greek λευκός, “white” and Latin balanus, “acorn”) group member, claim dry uplands. They display deep-furrowed, orange-striped, tall-ridged bark; angled, bud-clustered, squat buds; 1- to 1.5-inch- (25.4- to 38.1-millimeter-) long, smooth inner-surfaced, smooth-undersided, thick-capped acorns; and bristle-free, wavy-lobed leaves.

Chestnut oak-like environments enable sourwood (Oxydendrum arboretum), with crooked trunk; furrowed, ridged bark; all-red or green- and red-sided twigs with lateral buds and half-circle leaf scars.

Digital, virtual attendees accessed Winter Tree ID 2 Monday, Feb. 13, 2023, between noon and 1:00 p.m. Eastern Time, at the Tennessee Urban Forestry Council 2023 Webinar series hosted and organized, with assistance from Kevin Bolger of University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture's (UTIA's) School of Natural Resources, by Katie Donaldson of UTIA's School of Natural Resources and Neil Letson of Tennessee Urban Forestry Council. They accompanied Certified Wildlife Biologist, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture J.E. Moss Achievement Awardee and University of Tennessee Senior Lecturer Chris Graves on his physiographic (from Greek φύσις, "nature, physical" and γραφή, "description") analyses of 1 Ericaceae (from Greek ἐρείκη, "heath [Erica arborea]" and Latin -āceae, "resembling"), 6 Fagaceae (from Latin fāgus, "beech" and -āceae, "resembling") and 5 Pinaceae (from Latin pīnus, "pine tree" and -āceae, "resembling") family members. They accumulated, from the first analysis, winter bark, bud, acorn and dropped-leaf appearances of chestnut oak (Quercus montana, from Latin quercus, “oak”; montāna, “mountain”), white oak (Leucobalanus, from Greek λευκός, “white” and Latin balanus, “acorn”) group and Fagaceae family member; illustration of Quercus montana captioned as "Quercus Pus. palustris [Q. prinus var. palustris]. Chesnut White Oak," illustrated by French natural history artist Pancrace Bessa (Jan. 1, 1772-June 11, 1846), in F. André Michaux, Histoire des arbres forestiers de l'Amérique septentrionale, tome deux (M.D.CCC.XII [1812]), Plate 7, opposite page 51: Biodiversity Heritage Library (BioDivLibrary), Public Domain, via Flickr

Black oak (Quercus velutina, from Latin vellus, “fleece”) features black outer, orange inner bark; bristle-tipped leaves; clustered, large, velvety buds; angled, stout twigs; shingle-like acorn caps.

Southern red oak (Quercus falcata, from Latin falcāta, “sickle-shaped”) guards black-gray, furrowed bark cracked horizontally; turkey-track-patterned leaves with overturned-bell-patterned bases; 45-degree-angled, lateral buds; flat-scaled acorn caps. Scarlet oak (Quercus coccinea, from Latin coccinus, “scarlet”; -eus, “made of”) has flat, ski-slope-like bark above, blocky bark below breast-height diameter (DBH, 4.5 feet 1.37 meters). It includes red-based, two-clustered, terminal-tip, white-tipped buds; c-shaped leaf scars; and concentric-ringed acorn caps even as its architecture involves old, often blackened and midway up branches.

Northern red oak (Quercus rubra, from Latin rubra, “red”) joined above-mentioned dry-upland dwellers in Winter Tree ID 2 by Chris Graves for Tennessee Urban Forestry Council.

Certified Wildlife Biologist, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture J.E. Moss Achievement Awardee and University of Tennessee Senior Lecturer Chris Graves accustomed digital, virtual audiences of his Winter Tree ID 2 analyses to such upland species as black (Quercus velutina), chestnut (Quercus montana), northern red (Quercus rubra), scarlet (Quercus coccinea), southern red (Quercus falcata) and white (Quercus alba) oak trees. His analyses for Tennessee Urban Forestry Council 2023 Webinar series hosted and organized, with assistance from Kevin Bolger of University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture's (UTIA's) School of Natural Resources, by Katie Donaldson of UTIA's School of Natural Resources and Neil Letson of Tennessee Urban Forestry Council likewise acknowledged sourwood (Oxydendrum arboretum, from Greek ὀξύς, "acid, acute, pungent, sharp" and δένδρον, "tree"; and from Latin arborētum, "arboretum, plantation of trees"), Ericaceae family member and upland-forest associate of chestnut oak; collage of images of Sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum) taken by Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) as shoreline (river, land, shore) stabilizers: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Northern red oak keeps flat-ridged, non-blocky, ski-slope-like bark; deep-sinus leaves variably shaped; black-red, clustered, sharp-pointed, terminal buds; and 1.5-inch- (3.81-centimeter-) long, thin-scaled caps to smooth acorns.

White oak (Quercus alba, from Latin alba, “white”) lodges shaggy-plated, vertical-striped bark; bristle-free, deep-sinused, round-lobed leaves; brown-red, smooth, terminal buds; knobby, 1-inch- (2.54-centimeter-) long acorn caps. Virginia pine (Pinus virginiana, from Latin pīnus, “pine tree” and virginiāna, “Virginian”) manifests crooked trunks; cornflake-sized, scaly, sloughable bark; twisted, two-needle bundles; baseball-sized, scaly, sharp-prickled cones. Shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata, from Latin echināta, “prickly”) nets straight trunks; dome-shaped, self-pruned canopies; plated, resin-pockmarked bark; two-needle fascicles (from Latin fasciculus, “bundlet”); egg-shaped, prickled cones.

Chris Graves offered Tennessee Urban Forestry Council, in Winter Tree ID 2, 2,300- to 3,000-foot (701.04- to 914.4-meter) elevation-occurring Pitch pine (Pinus rigida [Latin rigidus, “stiff”]).

Longleaf (Pinus palustris, from Latin pīnus, “pine tree” and palūs, "bog, swamp" via palūstris, "boggy, marshy, swampy") and shortleaf (Pinus echinata, from Latin pīnus, “pine tree” and echināta, "prickly") pine trees adapt to the Southern States, from upper-coastal to lower-mountain biogeographies. Other Pinaceae family members, such as Table Mountain pine (Picea pungens, from Latin pīnus, "pine tree" and pungēns, “prickling”) trees, adjust to such altitudes as 2,500 to 4,600 feet (762 to 1,402.08 meters above sea level alone; Saturday, March 1, 2008, image of Pinus pungens trees in Rough Creek Valley, viewed approximately eight miles from Fighting Creek Nature Trail head, with snow-capped summit of Silers Bald Mountain (upper right) in Western Smoky Mountains of North Carolina and Tennessee in distant mountainscape: Brian Stansberry (BrineStans), CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Pitch and 2,500- to 4,600-foot (762- to 1,402.08-meter) elevation-proliferating Table Mountain (Pinus pungens [Latin pungēns, “prickling”]) pines respectively possess 3- and 2-needle fascicles around baseball-sized cones.

Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus, from Latin strobus, “odoriferous gum-yielding tree”) quarters straight trunks; smooth bark with horizontal lenticels; trunk-whorled branches yearly queuing a new layer. It realizes a resinous stickiness and a sloughable scaliness over all its parts, even its brown-gray, soft-scaled cones and its brown-gray bark rendered blocky with age. American sycamore; American and European hornbeam; black, river and yellow birch; black walnut and butternut hickory suggest similar upland/lowland, xeric/mesic, soil, natural-disturbance, land-use history, range-map studies.

Chris Graves, through Winter Tree ID 2 for Tennessee Urban Forestry Council, treated stream-channel, levee, first-bottomland, second-bottomland species and cover-, sassafras-, hybrid-, cherrybark oak-, native-species-related questions.

The University of Tennessee admits aged accolades as a higher-education institution in Knoxville, Tennessee, since its establishment 209 years ago, in 1794. Many trees always adorned, and still adorn, its eastern, oldest area, anointed The Hill, altered from the original the Barbara Hill, for Barbara Grainger Blount Gaines (Sep. 16, 1792-Nov. 30, 1836), daughter of Governor William Blount (March 29, 1749-March 21, 1800) and Mary Moseley Grainger (1761-Oct. 7, 1802) and second wife of General Edmund P. Gaines (March 20, 1777-June 6, 1849); crop of ca. 1877-1900 image of the University of Tennessee's oldest section, The Hill, with Science Hall on the southeastern slope and summit cluster of South College, West College, East College and distinctive cupola and belfry of Old College, oldest building (now demolished), built in 1828: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Certified Wildlife Biologist, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture J.E. Moss Achievement Awardee and University of Tennessee Senior Lecturer Chris Graves accepts as wide-ranging trees of Tennessee and the other Southern States longleaf (Pinus palustris, from Latin pīnus, “pine tree” and palūs, "bog, swamp" via palūstris, "boggy, marshy, swampy") and shortleaf (Pinus echinata, from Latin pīnus, “pine tree” and echināta, "prickly"). He acclaimed both in Winter Tree ID 2 for the Tennessee Urban Forestry Council 2023 Webinar series hosted and organized, with assistance from Kevin Bolger of University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture's (UTIA's) School of Natural Resources, by Katie Donaldson of UTIA's School of Natural Resources and Neil Letson of Tennessee Urban Forestry Council. "Pinus Echinata: Seedling, Male and Female Flower, and Leaf Sections. Explanation of Plate XV: Fig. a, branch from lower limb bearing male inflorescence with flowers in a dense cluster (first week of April, southern Alabama); b, c, branch with two subterminal aments of female flowers below which are two female cones of one season's growth; d, detached male flower showing basal involucral scales, magnified 3 diameters; e, germinating seed (February); f, same seedling one month later (March) with 7 cotyledons in the midst of which the terminal bud shows the primary leaves appearing; g, seedling about the close of the first season with terminal cluster of true (secondary) leaves, below which are seen the withered primary leaves; h, i, transverse section through base of two and three leafed leaf bundle, magnified 50 diameters, showing outer small hypodermal cells, the stomata appearing as marginal white spots; next a broad band of large in-walled parenchymatous cells bearing chlorophyll, within which, at the angles of the leaf, resin ducts appear as large openings; the dark areas in the center are fibro-vascular bundles surrounded by a single row of thin-walled cells (bundle sheath)," del. (delineavit, "he/she drew") D. Oszewski; Charles Mohr, The Timber Pines of the Southern United States (1896), Plate XV, opposite page 94: Biodiversity Heritage Library (BioDivLibrary), Public Domain, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/biodivlibrary/48716624851/; Public Domain, via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15221188; Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shortleaf_foliage_drawing.jpg; (nothing about copyright), via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/timberpinesofsou1896mohr/page/n130/mode/1up

Digital, virtual attendees accessed Winter Tree ID 2 Monday, Feb. 13, 2023, between noon and 1:00 p.m. Eastern Time, at the Tennessee Urban Forestry Council 2023 Webinar series hosted and organized, with assistance from Kevin Bolger of University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture's (UTIA's) School of Natural Resources, by Katie Donaldson of UTIA's School of Natural Resources and Neil Letson of Tennessee Urban Forestry Council. They accompanied Certified Wildlife Biologist, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture J.E. Moss Achievement Awardee and University of Tennessee Senior Lecturer Chris Graves on his physiographic (from Greek φύσις, "nature, physical" and γραφή, "description") analyses of 1 Ericaceae (from Greek ἐρείκη, "heath [Erica arborea]" and Latin -āceae, "resembling"), 6 Fagaceae (from Latin fāgus, "beech" and -āceae, "resembling") and 5 Pinaceae (from Latin pīnus, "pine tree" and -āceae, "resembling") family members. They accumulated, from the first analysis, winter bark, bud, acorn and dropped-leaf appearances of chestnut oak (Quercus montana, from Latin quercus, “oak”; montāna, “mountain”), white oak (Leucobalanus, from Greek λευκός, “white” and Latin balanus, “acorn”) group and Fagaceae family member; illustration of Quercus montana captioned as "Quercus Pus. palustris [Q. prinus var. palustris]. Chesnut White Oak," illustrated by French natural history artist Pancrace Bessa (Jan. 1, 1772-June 11, 1846), in F. André Michaux, Histoire des arbres forestiers de l'Amérique septentrionale, tome deux (M.D.CCC.XII [1812]), Plate 7, opposite page 51: Biodiversity Heritage Library (BioDivLibrary), Public Domain, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/61021753@N02/8720644730/; Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NAS-008f_Quercus_montana_acorn.png; Copyright status not provided, via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/27130020

Certified Wildlife Biologist, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture J.E. Moss Achievement Awardee and University of Tennessee Senior Lecturer Chris Graves accustomed digital, virtual audiences of his Winter Tree ID 2 analyses to such upland species as black (Quercus velutina), chestnut (Quercus montana), northern red (Quercus rubra), scarlet (Quercus coccinea), southern red (Quercus falcata) and white (Quercus alba) oak trees. His analyses for Tennessee Urban Forestry Council 2023 Webinar series hosted and organized, with assistance from Kevin Bolger of University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture's (UTIA's) School of Natural Resources, by Katie Donaldson of UTIA's School of Natural Resources and Neil Letson of Tennessee Urban Forestry Council likewise acknowledged sourwood (Oxydendrum arboretum, from Greek ὀξύς, "acid, acute, pungent, sharp" and δένδρον, "tree"; and from Latin arborētum, "arboretum, plantation of trees"), Ericaceae family member and upland-forest associate of chestnut oak; collage of images of Sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum) taken by Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) as shoreline (river, land, shore) stabilizers: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Oxydendrum_arboreum.jpg

Longleaf (Pinus palustris, from Latin pīnus, “pine tree” and palūs, "bog, swamp" via palūstris, "boggy, marshy, swampy") and shortleaf (Pinus echinata, from Latin pīnus, “pine tree” and echināta, "prickly") pine trees adapt to the Southern States, from upper-coastal to lower-mountain biogeographies. Other Pinaceae family members, such as Table Mountain pine (Picea pungens, from Latin pīnus, "pine tree" and pungēns, “prickling”) trees, adjust to such altitudes as 2,500 to 4,600 feet (762 to 1,402.08 meters above sea level alone; Saturday, March 1, 2008, image of Pinus pungens trees in Rough Creek Valley, viewed approximately eight miles from Fighting Creek Nature Trail head, with snow-capped summit of Silers Bald Mountain (upper right) in Western Smoky Mountains of North Carolina and Tennessee in distant mountainscape: Brian Stansberry (BrineStans), CC BY 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sugarland-mtn-trail-rough-crk-valley1.jpg

The University of Tennessee admits aged accolades as a higher-education institution in Knoxville, Tennessee, since its establishment 209 years ago, in 1794. Many trees always adorned, and still adorn, its eastern, oldest area, anointed The Hill, altered from the original the Barbara Hill, for Barbara Grainger Blount Gaines (Sep. 16, 1792-Nov. 30, 1836), daughter of Governor William Blount (March 29, 1749-March 21, 1800) and Mary Moseley Grainger (1761-Oct. 7, 1802) and second wife of General Edmund P. Gaines (March 20, 1777-June 6, 1849); crop of ca. 1877-1900 image of the University of Tennessee's oldest section, The Hill, with Science Hall on the southeastern slope and summit cluster of South College, West College, East College and distinctive cupola and belfry of Old College, oldest building (now demolished), built in 1828: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Hill_at_UT_Knoxville_in_the_1800s.jpg; The Hill, University of Tennessee, ca. 1900, via Tennessee Encyclopedia @ https://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entries/university-of-tennessee/; The Hill, University of Tennessee, ca. 1877, via University of Tennessee/History of the University of Tennessee @ https://tennessee.edu/history/; 1826 Moved to the Hill, via University of Tennessee Timeline @ https://timeline.utk.edu/history/category/early-years

For further information:

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Available @ https://naturalresources.tennessee.edu/extension-urban-forestry/

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Available @ https://naturalresources.tennessee.edu/extension-urban-forestry/

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Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/04/stationary-rope-systems-srs-annul.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 March 2021. "Inducing Agents and Synthetic Fungicides Axe Leaf Blotch and Pear Scab." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/inducing-agents-and-synthetic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 March 2021. "Shem Kendrick Added Modern At-Home Bonsai to TreeStuff Webinar Series." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/shem-kendrick-added-modern-at-home.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 February 2021. "Stationary Rope Systems (SRS) Allow Anchors, Ascent and Work Equipment." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/stationary-rope-systems-srs-allow.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 January 2021. "Street and Park Tree Inventories Since 1902 Assess Trees in Ithaca, NY." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/street-and-park-tree-inventories-since.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 December 2020. "Tree Defect Identification During Tree Inspections Averts Tree Failure." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/12/tree-defect-identification-during-tree.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 November 2020. "Reduction Pruning Utility Trees Affects CODIT and Epicormic Branches." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/11/reduction-pruning-utility-trees-affects.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 October 2020. "Arboricultural Operation Safety Standards Avert Adverse Events." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/10/arboricultural-operation-safety.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 September 2020. "Root-Stem Transition Zones Aim Loading Forces Through Roots and Soils." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/09/root-stem-transition-zones-aim-loading.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 August 2020. "Arboricultural Operation Safety Standards Are Country-Specific." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/08/arboricultural-operation-safety.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 July 2020. "Sensitivity Analyses Admit Ecosystem Disservice and Ecosystem Service." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/07/sensitivity-analyses-admit-ecosystem.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 June 2020. "Lignotubers Assure Arboricultural Management of Lignotuberous Shoots." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/06/lignotubers-assure-arboricultural.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 May 2020. "Included Bark Ages Safely With Fused, Entwining Natural Braces ." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/05/included-bark-ages-safely-with-fused.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 May 2020. "Trent Dicks Alerted TreeStuff Webinar Attendees to Spotted Lanternfly." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/05/trent-dicks-alerted-treestuff-webinar.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 April 2020. "Canker Identification and Canker Management Apply to Landscape Trees." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/04/canker-identification-and-canker.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 March 2020. "Arboricultural Operation Safety Training Averts Hazardous Incidents." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/03/arboricultural-operation-safety.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 February 2020. "Boundary-Spanning Collective Action Assuages Wildfire Risk in the West." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/02/boundary-spanning-collective-action.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 February 2020. "Biochar Applications Are Best With Compost and Fertilizer Applications." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/02/biochar-applications-are-best-with.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 January 2020. "Fungicide Injections Affect Dutch Elm Disease and Internal Decay." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/01/fungicide-injections-affect-dutch-elm.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 December 2019. "Pruning Cuts Applied Ably, Appropriately Are Best Management Practices." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/12/pruning-cuts-applied-ably-appropriately.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 November 2019. "Structural Growing Media and Supported Pavement Affect Tree Responses." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/11/structural-growing-media-and-supported.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 October 2019. "Tree Pruning Systems Answer to Best Management Practices." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/10/tree-pruning-systems-answer-to-best.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 September 2019. "Southeastern Street Tree Arthropod Pests Are Online Survey Subjects." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/09/southeastern-street-tree-arthropod.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 August 2019. "Cost Approach Approximates Plant Repair, Replacement or Restoration." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/08/cost-approach-approximates-plant-repair.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 July 2019. "Indirect Watering Devices Are There for Newly Transplanted Urban Trees." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/07/indirect-watering-devices-are-there-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 June 2019. "Plant Appraisal Data Collection Allies Off-Site and On-Site Research." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/06/plant-appraisal-data-collection-allies.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 May 2019. "Wire Basket Removal or Wire Basket Retention: Girdling or Stable Roots." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/05/wire-basket-removal-or-wire-basket.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 April 2019. "Woody Plant Appraisal Data Collection for Shrubs, Trees and Vines." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/04/woody-plant-appraisal-data-collection.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 March 2019. "Balancing Roadside Tree Benefits and Risk of Streetscape Tree Crashes." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/03/balancing-roadside-tree-benefits-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 February 2019. “Plant Appraisal Estimate, Scope, Data, Analysis, Reconciliation, Report.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/02/plant-appraisal-estimate-scope-data.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 January 2019. “Urban Tree Vulnerability in Residential Toronto, Ontario, Canada.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/01/urban-tree-vulnerability-in-residential.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 December 2018. "Plant Appraisal: Cost and Value Estimates and Economic Principles." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/12/plant-appraisal-cost-and-value.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 December 2018. "Six-Year Forest Health Ambassador Program of Oakville, Ontario, Canada." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/12/six-year-forest-health-ambassador.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 October 2018. "Nursery Production Systems: Tough Urban Landscape Trees on Rough Sites." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/10/nursery-production-systems-tough-urban.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 September 2018. "Induced-Resistance Agents, Silicon Fertilizers, Synthetic Fungicides." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/09/induced-resistance-agents-silicon.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 August 2018. "Nursery Production Systems for Successful Urban Tree Plantings." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/08/nursery-production-systems-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 July 2018. "Tree Roots Branch in Fabric Containers But Circle and Girdle Plastic." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/07/tree-roots-branch-in-fabric-containers.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 June 2018. "Wood Decay Fungi Management of Terminal Urban Pathogens." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/06/wood-decay-fungi-management-of-terminal.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 May 2018. "Downtown Commercial Streetscape Tree Populations in Toronto, Canada." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/05/downtown-commercial-streetscape-tree.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 April 2018. “Mushroom-Forming and Non-Mushroom-Forming Fungal Life Cycle Traits.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/04/mushroom-forming-and-non-mushroom.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 March 2018. “Emerald Ash Borer Rapid Response Community Preparedness Project.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/03/emerald-ash-borer-rapid-response.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 February 2018. “Tree Retention by Arborists for Wildlife Habitat Friendly Tree Care.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/02/tree-retention-by-arborists-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 January 2018. “Integrated Vegetation Management Study in North and South Yukon, Canada.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/01/integrated-vegetation-management-study.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 December 2017. “Tree Inventories: Preemptive and Proactive or Piecemeal and Reactive.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/12/tree-inventories-preemptive-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 November 2017. “Chlorantraniliprole Reduced-Risk Insecticides Get Leaf-Eaters Not Bees.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/11/chlorantraniliprole-reduced-risk.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 October 2017. “Palm Plant Health Care: Abiotic, Biotic Stress Culture and Management.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/10/palm-plant-health-care-abiotic-biotic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 September 2017. “Predawn Leaf Water Potentials Indicate Crown Dieback and Water Status.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/09/predawn-leaf-water-potentials-indicate.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 August 2017. “Palm Tree Identification and Pruning of Native and Naturalizable Palms.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/08/palm-tree-identification-and-pruning-of.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 July 2017. “Commonly Planted, Potentially Phytoremediating Street Tree Species.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/07/commonly-planted-potentially.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 June 2017. “Root Loss From Root Pruning and Root Shaving of Stem-Girdling Roots.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/06/root-loss-from-root-pruning-and-root.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 May 2017. “Age and Canopy Area Cost Less and Tell More in Urban Tree Inventories.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/05/age-and-canopy-area-cost-less-and-tell.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 April 2017. “Urban Root Management: Big Infrastructure, Small Space, Stressed Roots.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/04/urban-root-management-big.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 March 2017. “Flexural Elasticity Modulus: Trees and Watersprouts Bend or Break.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/03/flexural-elasticity-modulus-trees-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 February 2017. “Plant Health Care Diagnostics When Plants and Places Wrong One Another.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/02/plant-health-care-diagnostics-when.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 January 2017. “Tree Fertilization for Fine Root Growth and Whole Root System Effects.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/01/tree-fertilization-for-fine-root-growth.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 December 2016. “Abiotic and Biotic Stress in Low Maintenance Tree Health Care Programs.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/12/abiotic-and-biotic-stress-in-low.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 November 2016. “Organic Amendments to Compacted Degraded Urban Highway Roadsides.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/11/organic-amendments-to-compacted.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 October 2016. “Tree Protection Zones by Arborists for All Construction Project Phases.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/10/tree-protection-zones-by-arborists-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 September 2016. “Stormwater Runoff Landscaping With Urban Canopy Cover and Groundcover.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/09/stormwater-runoff-landscaping-with.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 August 2016. “Changing Places: Tree Nutrient Movement Down, Tree Water Movement Up.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/08/changing-places-tree-nutrient-movement.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 July 2016. “Treated or Untreated Oriental Bittersweet Vine Management Cut-Stumping.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/07/treated-or-untreated-oriental.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 June 2016. “Tree Injection Site Procedures: Manufacturer's Instructions and Labels.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/06/tree-injection-site-procedures.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 May 2016. “Electrical Utility Area Temperate Urban Street Trees: Pruned Regrowth.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/05/electrical-utility-area-temperate-urban.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 April 2016. “Tree Injection Methods: Treatment Option in Integrated Pest Management.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/04/tree-injection-methods-treatment-option.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 March 2016. “Bare-Rooted Ornamental Urban Transplants: Amendments Against Mortality.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/03/bare-rooted-ornamental-urban.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 February 2016. “Bark Protective Survival Mechanisms Foil Deprivation, Injury, Invasion.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/02/bark-protective-survival-mechanisms.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 January 2016. "LITA Model: Linear Index of Tree Appraisal of Large Urban Swedish Trees." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/01/lita-model-linear-index-of-tree.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 December 2015. “Tree Lightning Protection Systems: Site, Soil, Species True Designs.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/12/tree-lightning-protection-systems-site.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 October 2015. “Tree Lightning Protection Systems Tailored to Sites, Soils, Species.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/10/tree-lightning-protection-systems.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 August 2015. “Tree Friendly Urban Soil Management: Amend, Fertilize, Mulch, Till!” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/08/tree-friendly-urban-soil-management.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 June 2015. “Tree Friendly Urban Soil Management: Assemble, Assess, Assist, Astound.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/06/tree-friendly-urban-soil-management.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 April 2015. “Tree Wound Responses: Healthy Wound Closures by Callus and Woundwood.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/04/tree-wound-responses-healthy-wound.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 February 2015. “Urban Forest Maintenance and Non-Maintenance Costs and Benefits.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/02/urban-forest-maintenance-and-non.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 December 2014. “Tree Dwelling Symbionts: Dodder, Lichen, Mistletoe, Moss and Woe-Vine.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/12/tree-dwelling-symbionts-dodder-lichen.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 October 2014. “Tree Cable Installation Systems Lessen Target Impact From Tree Failure.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/10/tree-cable-installation-systems-lessen.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 August 2014. “Flood Tolerant Trees in Worst-Case Floodplain and Urbanized Scenarios.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/08/flood-tolerant-trees-in-worst-case.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 June 2014. “Integrated Vegetation Management of Plants in Utility Rights-of-Way.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/06/integrated-vegetation-management-of.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 April 2014. “Tree Twig Identification: Buds, Bundle Scars, Leaf Drops, Leaf Scars.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/04/tree-twig-identification-buds-bundle.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 February 2014. “Tree Twig Anatomy: Ecosystem Stress, Growth Rates, Winter Identification.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/02/tree-twig-anatomy-ecosystem-stress.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 December 2013. “Community and Tree Safety Awareness During Line- and Road-Clearances.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/12/community-and-tree-safety-awareness.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 October 2013. “Chain-Saw Gear and Tree Work Related Personal Protective Equipment.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/10/chain-saw-gear-and-tree-work-related.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 October 2013. “Storm Damaged Tree Clearances: Matched Teamwork of People to Equipment.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/10/storm-damaged-tree-clearances-matched.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 August 2013. “Storm Induced Tree Damage Assessments: Pre-Storm Planned Preparedness.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/08/storm-induced-tree-damage-assessments.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 June 2013. “Storm Induced Tree Failures From Heavy Tree Weights and Weather Loads.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/06/storm-induced-tree-failures-from-heavy.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 April 2013. “Urban Tree Root Management Concerns: Defects, Digs, Dirt, Disturbance.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/04/urban-tree-root-management-concerns.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 February 2013. “Tree Friendly Beneficial Soil Microbes: Inoculations and Occurrences.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/02/tree-friendly-beneficial-soil-microbes.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 December 2012. “Healthy Urban Tree Root Crown Balances: Soil Properties, Soil Volumes.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/12/healthy-urban-tree-root-crown-balances.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 October 2012. “Tree Adaptive Growth: Tree Risk Assessment of Tree Failure, Tree Strength.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/10/tree-adaptive-growth-tree-risk.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 August 2012. “Tree Risk Assessment Mitigation Reports: Tree Removal, Tree Retention?” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/08/tree-risk-assessment-mitigation-reports.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 June 2012. “Internally Stressed, Response Growing, Wind Loaded Tree Strength.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/06/internally-stressed-response-growing.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 April 2012. “Three Tree Risk Assessment Levels: Limited Visual, Basic and Advanced.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/04/three-tree-risk-assessment-levels.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 February 2012. “Qualitative Tree Risk Assessment: Risk Ratings for Targets and Trees.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/02/qualitative-tree-risk-assessment-risk.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 February 2012. “Qualitative Tree Risk Assessment: Falling Trees Impacting Targets.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/02/qualitative-tree-risk-assessment.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 December 2011. “Tree Risk Assessment: Tree Failures From Defects and From Wind Loads.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/12/tree-risk-assessment-tree-failures-from.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 October 2011. “Five Tree Felling Plan Steps for Successful Removals and Worker Safety.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/10/five-tree-felling-plan-steps-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 August 2011. “Natives and Non-Natives as Successfully Urbanized Plant Species.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/08/natives-and-non-natives-as-successfully.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 June 2011. “Tree Ring Patterns for Ecosystem Ages, Dates, Health and Stress.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/06/tree-ring-patterns-for-ecosystem-ages.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 April 2011. “Benignly Ugly Tree Disorders: Oak Galls, Powdery Mildew, Sooty Mold, Tar Spot.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/04/benignly-ugly-tree-disorders-oak-galls.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 February 2011. “Tree Load Can Turn Tree Health Into Tree Failure or Tree Fatigue.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/02/tree-load-can-turn-tree-health-into.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 December 2010. “Tree Electrical Safety Knowledge, Precautions, Risks and Standards.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/12/tree-electrical-safety-knowledge.html

Samuelson, Lisa J.; and Michael E. Hogan. 2005. Forest Trees: A Guide to the Eastern United States. Glenview IL: Pearson College Div.

Spira, Timothy P. 2011. Wildflowers & Plant Communities of the Southern Appalachian Mountains & Piedmont: A Naturalist's Guide to the Carolinas, Virginia, Tennessee, & Georgia. A Southern Gatewaays Guide. Chapel Hill NC: The University of North Carolina Press.