Summary: Hawaii Kai accounts for lost fishponds and for identity theft on NCIS: Hawai’i police procedural television series second-season episode 3, Stolen Valor.
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| Hawaii Kai accepts new residents for and local and non-local visitors to its attractive residential area in East Honolulu census-designated place, Honolulu City and County, Oahu County, Hawaii state. Its biogeography -- albeit altered by channels, commercial properties, house lots, island and land fingers and marina -- affirms its ancient reputation as among native Hawaiian fishponds; Travis.Thurston, CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons |
Hawaii Kai accounts for lost fishponds and for identity theft on NCIS: Hawai’i police procedural television series second-season episode 3, Stolen Valor, as debuting Oct. 3, 2022, and rerunning Jan. 30, 2023.
The episode by writer Amy Rutberg; executive producers Matt Bosack, Jan Nash, Christopher Silber and Larry Teng; and director Tim Andrew broaches displaced, misplaced, replaced identities. Hawaii Kai (from Hawaiian ha, “breath”; wai, “life force, water”; ‘i, “supreme”; and from kai, “sea”) claimed a native Hawaiian fishpond and claims a confusing collision. A blonde dressed in her Navy white uniform donning Lieutenant Commander Audrey Garrett (Kate Miner) name tags and ribbons drove the military vehicle with government plates.
Vessela Toska (Olivia Jordan) established herself as Happy Housekeepers Bulgarian-born maid and as an impostor elsewhere on Oahu (from Hawaiian O’ahu, “gathering place”) County, Hawaii state.
Maunalua (from Hawaiian mauna, “mountain” and lua, “two”) Bay once featured the 523-acre (2.12-square-kilometer), native Hawaiian Keahupua-O-Maunalua (ke, “the”; ahu, “stone marker”; pua, “young fish”) fishpond.
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| The red dot affixes the area assumed by Hawaii Kai on the Hawaiian archipelago, whose 8 main islands are, from lower to upper left on the map, Hawaii (Hawai'i Kai, from Hawaiian ha, “breath”; wai, “life force, water”; ‘i, “supreme”; and from kai, “sea”), Kahoolawe (Kaho'olawe, from Hawaiian ka, "the" and ho'olawe, "to erode, to subtract") and Lanai (Lāna'i, from Hawaiian lā, “day” and naʻi, “conquest [of demons and ghosts by Mauian prince Kaulua'au (from Hawaiian Kauluā'au, "forest grove")]”) islands left of Maui (from [the] Hawaiian [trickster god] Māui), Molokai (from Hawaiian Moloka'i, "gathering of ocean waters"), Oahu (from O'ahu, "gathering place") and Niihau (from Hawaiian Ni'ihau, "the forbidden island") left of Kauai (from Hawaiian Kaua'i, "place around the neck"); Seth Ilys at English Wikipedia, CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons |
Maunalua (from Hawaiian mauna, “mountain” and lua, “two”) Bay once featured the 523-acre (2.12-square-kilometer), native Hawaiian Keahupua-O-Maunalua (ke, “the”; ahu, “stone marker”; pua, “young fish”) fishpond.
Ancient Hawaiians traditionally generated four loko i’a (from Hawaiian loko, “lake, pond, pool, small waterbody” and i’a, “fish”) varieties, as brackish, freshwater, freshwater-taro and seawater ponds. Loko i’a kalo (from Hawaiian loko, “lake, pond, pool”; i’a, “fish”; and kalo, “taro [Colocasia esculenta]”), as freshwater-taro fishponds, held fish, green algae, shrimp and taro. Ancient Hawaiians issued, as non-taro freshwater ponds from inland, river-, spring-, stream-supplied lakes and ponds their loko wai (from Hawaiian loko, “small waterbody” and wai, “water”).
Hawaii Kai perhaps joined lost fishponds such as the Keahupua-O-Maunalua less sinisterly than lost lives such as that of expired H-2A temporary agricultural visa worker Vessela.
Loko wai freshwater ponds kept freshwater native shrimp and freshwater-migrating seawater milkfish and mullet even as loko i’a kalo kept Hawaiian goby, mullet and silver perch.
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| Hawaii Kai appeals to boaters, businessmen and businesswomen, homeowners and home leasers and renters who appreciate the open landscape into which angle palm trees and the open waters so agreeable to commercial and non-commercial, personal and professional activities. It appears hottest in September, with its high 82 degrees Fahrenheit (28 degrees Celsius) and its low 79 degrees Fahrenheit (26 degrees Celsius) and least hot in March, with its high 76 degrees Fahrenheit (24 degrees Celsius) and its low 72 degrees Fahrenheit (22 degrees Celsius); Photograph by D Ramey Logan, CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons |
Loko wai freshwater ponds kept freshwater native shrimp and freshwater-migrating seawater milkfish and mullet even as loko i’a kalo kept Hawaiian goby, mullet and silver perch.
Ancient Hawaiians labeled as loko pu’unone (from Hawaiian loko, “lake, pond, pool, small waterbody”; pu’unone, “scattered [sea-life]”?) brackish fishponds natural water bodies left anthropogenically, naturally landward. Loko pu’unone brackish-watered fishponds manifested anthropogenic and natural earthy, muddy, sandy, and natural coral, embankments, whose small canals mustered seawater fish and shrimp during rising tides. Loko kuapa (from Hawaiian loko, “lake, pond, pool” and kuapā, “rock wall of fishpond”) seawater ponds necessitated anthropogenic (from Greek ἄνθρωπος, “human” and -γενής, “offspring”) seawalls.
Hawaii Kai offers Honolulu City and County residential tracts obtained from lost fishponds and NCIS: Hawai’i dirty-bomb operations obscured by identity-thieving Happy Housekeepers on Stolen Valor.
Loko kuapa seawater ponds, anthropogenically produced, presented 151- to 6,299-foot- (46- to 1,920-meter-) long walls where coralline algae natural cement packed coral or lava rocks together.
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| 'Awa'aua (from Hawaiian 'awa, "channel, cove, harbor, passage, port" and 'aua, "mullet"), acknowledged commonly as Hawaiian bananafish, giant herring, ladyfish and tenpounder and scientifically as Elops hawaiensis), once assembled in Keahupua-O-Maunalua (ke, “the”; ahu, “stone marker”; pua, “young fish”) fishpond. Loko kuapa (from Hawaiian loko, “lake, pond, pool” and kuapā, “rock wall of fishpond”) seawater ponds with their anthropogenic (from Greek ἄνθρωπος, “human” and -γενής, “offspring”) seawalls attracted the west central Pacific Ocean native. The ray-finned fishes avoided their beloved waters from the Kuli'ou'ou headland to the modernday Portlock oceanfront neighborhood during Hawaii Kai construction and dredging activities from 1959 onward; muir, CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons |
Loko kuapa seawater ponds, anthropogenically produced, presented 151- to 6,299-foot- (46- to 1,920-meter-) long walls where coralline algae natural cement packed coral or lava rocks together.
Seawater ponds quartered as many as 22 species of marine life who queued through fern- and wood-built grates in the very middle of many pond-to-sea canals. They realized safe havens for smaller fish to reach the pond-ward side of the pond-wall grates even as bigger, predatory fish remained on the sea-ward side. Keahupua-O-Maunalua fishpond once sheltered an anthropogenic kuapā that spanned the offshore waters from the Kuli’ou’ou headland to what now serves as Hawaii Kai’s Portlock oceanfront neighborhood.
Hawaii Kai once tendered ‘awa’aua (Elops hawaiensis scientifically; Hawaiian bananafish, ladyfish, tenpounder commonly) milkfish even as a trailer there triggered NCIS: Hawai’i trauma from Stolen Valor.
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| (left to right) Ernie Malik (Jason Antoon) and Lucy Tara (Yasmine Al-Bustami) in "Stolen Valor," season 2 episode 3 of American police procedural television series NCIS: Hawai'i: NCIS: Hawai'i @NCISHawaiiCBS, via Facebook Oct. 3, 2022 |
Acknowledgment
My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.
Image credits:
Image credits:
Hawaii Kai accepts new residents for and local and non-local visitors to its attractive residential area in East Honolulu census-designated place, Honolulu City and County, Oahu County, Hawaii state. Its biogeography -- albeit altered by channels, commercial properties, house lots, island and land fingers and marina -- affirms its ancient reputation as among native Hawaiian fishponds; Travis.Thurston, CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HawaiiKai.jpg
The red dot affixes the area assumed by Hawaii Kai on the Hawaiian archipelago, whose 8 main islands are, from lower to upper left on the map, Hawaii (Hawai'i Kai, from Hawaiian ha, “breath”; wai, “life force, water”; ‘i, “supreme”; and from kai, “sea”), Kahoolawe (Kaho'olawe, from Hawaiian ka, "the" and ho'olawe, "to erode, to subtract") and Lanai (Lāna'i, from Hawaiian lā, “day” and naʻi, “conquest [of demons and ghosts by Mauian prince Kaulua'au (from Hawaiian Kauluā'au, "forest grove")]”) islands left of Maui (from [the] Hawaiian [trickster god] Māui), Molokai (from Hawaiian Moloka'i, "gathering of ocean waters"), Oahu (from O'ahu, "gathering place") and Niihau (from Hawaiian Ni'ihau, "the forbidden island") left of Kauai (from Hawaiian Kaua'i, "place around the neck"); Seth Ilys at English Wikipedia, CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HIMap-doton-HawaiiKai.PNG
Hawaii Kai appeals to boaters, businessmen and businesswomen, homeowners and home leasers and renters who appreciate the open landscape into which angle palm trees and the open waters so agreeable to commercial and non-commercial, personal and professional activities. It appears hottest in September, with its high 82 degrees Fahrenheit (28 degrees Celsius) and its low 79 degrees Fahrenheit (26 degrees Celsius) and least hot in March, with its high 76 degrees Fahrenheit (24 degrees Celsius) and its low 72 degrees Fahrenheit (22 degrees Celsius); Photograph by D Ramey Logan, CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hawaii_Kai_Sign_Oahu_Hawaii_Photo_D_Ramey_Logan.JPG
'Awa'aua (from Hawaiian 'awa, "channel, cove, harbor, passage, port" and 'aua, "mullet"), acknowledged commonly as Hawaiian bananafish, giant herring, ladyfish and tenpounder and scientifically as Elops hawaiensis), once assembled in Keahupua-O-Maunalua (ke, “the”; ahu, “stone marker”; pua, “young fish”) fishpond. Loko kuapa (from Hawaiian loko, “lake, pond, pool” and kuapā, “rock wall of fishpond”) seawater ponds with their anthropogenic (from Greek ἄνθρωπος, “human” and -γενής, “offspring”) seawalls attracted the west central Pacific Ocean native. The ray-finned fishes avoided their beloved waters from the Kuli'ou'ou headland to the modernday Portlock oceanfront neighborhood during Hawaii Kai construction and dredging activities from 1959 onward; muir, CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Elops_hawaiensis.jpg
(left to right) Ernie Malik (Jason Antoon) and Lucy Tara (Yasmine Al-Bustami) in "Stolen Valor," season 2 episode 3 of American police procedural television series NCIS: Hawai'i: NCIS: Hawai'i @NCISHawaiiCBS, via Facebook Oct. 3, 2022, @ https://www.facebook.com/NCISHawaiiCBS/posts/484075257100105/
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Available in English @ https://wehewehe.org/gsdl2.85/cgi-bin/hdict?e=d-11000-00---off-0hdict--00-1----0-10-0---0---0direct-10-ED--4-------0-1lp0--11-haw-Zz-1---Zz-1-home-kupua--00-3-1-00-0--4----0-0-11-00-2utfZz-8-00&d=D74664&l=en
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Available @ https://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/oc/freepubs/pdf/of-29.pdf
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Available @ https://bioone.org/journals/evolution/volume-55/issue-5/0014-3820_2001_055_0955_PSASIT_2.0.CO_2/POPULATION-STRUCTURE-AND-SPECIATION-IN-TROPICAL-SEAS--GLOBAL-PHYLOGEOGRAPHY/10.1554/0014-3820(2001)055[0955:PSASIT]2.0.CO;2.short
Available @ https://bioone.org/journals/evolution/volume-55/issue-5/0014-3820_2001_055_0955_PSASIT_2.0.CO_2/POPULATION-STRUCTURE-AND-SPECIATION-IN-TROPICAL-SEAS--GLOBAL-PHYLOGEOGRAPHY/10.1554/0014-3820(2001)055[0955:PSASIT]2.0.CO;2.short
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Available @ https://ntbg.org/news/exploring-hawaiian-life-through-canoe-plants/#:~:text=At%20the%20heart%20of%20the,voyagers%20to%20reach%20the%20islands.
Available @ https://ntbg.org/news/exploring-hawaiian-life-through-canoe-plants/#:~:text=At%20the%20heart%20of%20the,voyagers%20to%20reach%20the%20islands.
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Available @ https://wehewehe.org/gsdl2.85/cgi-bin/hdict?d=&l=en&e=q-11000-00---off-0hdict--00-1----0-10-0---0---0direct-10-ED--4--textpukuielbert%2Ctextmamaka-----0-1l--11-en-Zz-1---Zz-1-home-liliha--00-3-1-00-0--4----0-0-11-00-0utfZz-8-00
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Available @ https://goorchids.northamericanorchidcenter.org/species/liparis/hawaiensis/
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Available @ https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/33416689/francisco-j_-testa
"Marine Life Profile: Long-Spined Venomous Sea Urchins." Honolulu HI: Education Department, Waikīkī Aquarium, University of Hawai'i-Mānoa. Dated 9 September.
Available via Wayback Machine @ https://web.archive.org/web/20120611055143/http://www.waquarium.org/_library/images/education/marinelifeprofiles/wana0909.pdf
Available via Wayback Machine @ https://web.archive.org/web/20120611055143/http://www.waquarium.org/_library/images/education/marinelifeprofiles/wana0909.pdf
Marriner, Derdriu. 22 January 2023. "Shield Volcanoes Are to Hawaii What Shields Up Are to NCIS: Hawai’i." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/shield-volcanoes-are-to-hawaii-what.html
https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/shield-volcanoes-are-to-hawaii-what.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 15 January 2023. "Hawaiian Flags Never Anticipated NCIS Hawai'i Episode About Rising Sun." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/hawaiian-flags-never-anticipated-ncis.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/hawaiian-flags-never-anticipated-ncis.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 8 January 2023. "Pikake Jasmine Answers Where Abductees Are on NCIS: Hawai’i Deep Fake." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/pikake-jasmine-answers-where-abductees.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/pikake-jasmine-answers-where-abductees.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 1 January 2023. "Blind Curves on NCIS: Hawai’i Never Afflicted Hawaiian Locomobiles." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/blind-curves-on-ncis-hawaii-never.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/blind-curves-on-ncis-hawaii-never.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 20 November 2022. "Honohono Hawaii Jewel Orchids Assuage Curtain Call on NCIS: Hawai’i." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/11/honohono-hawaii-jewel-orchids-assuage.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/11/honohono-hawaii-jewel-orchids-assuage.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 13 November 2022. "Agents Afloat Ape Hawaiian Sardines in Vanishing Act on NCIS: Hawai’i." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/11/agents-afloat-ape-hawaiian-sardines-in.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/11/agents-afloat-ape-hawaiian-sardines-in.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 6 November 2022. "Exotic Animals Are in Honolulu Zoo and in Nurture on NCIS: Hawai'i." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/11/exotic-animals-are-in-honolulu-zoo-and.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/11/exotic-animals-are-in-honolulu-zoo-and.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 23 October 2022. "Wana Hawaiian Long-Spined Urchins Are Changing Tides on NCIS: Hawai’i." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/10/wana-hawaiian-long-spined-urchins-are.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/10/wana-hawaiian-long-spined-urchins-are.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 16 October 2022. "No Awapuhiakanaloa Hawaiian Orchids Abate Sudden Death on NCIS: Hawai'i." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/10/no-awapuhiakanaloa-hawaiian-orchids.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/10/no-awapuhiakanaloa-hawaiian-orchids.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 9 October 2022. "Liliha Bakery Cream Puffs Antidote Primal Fear on NCIS: Hawai’i." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/10/liliha-bakery-cream-puffs-antidote.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/10/liliha-bakery-cream-puffs-antidote.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 25 September 2022 "Hawaiian Fords Never Accelerated on Blind Curves Like on NCIS: Hawai’i." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/09/hawaiian-fords-never-accelerated-on.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/09/hawaiian-fords-never-accelerated-on.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 9 September 2022. "Ancient Rituals Add No One Indian Jasmine at Sanchi Buddhist Monuments." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/09/ancient-rituals-add-no-one-indian.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/09/ancient-rituals-add-no-one-indian.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 2 September 2022. "Indian Jasmine Aids Ancient Rituals at Sanchi Buddhist Monuments." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/09/indian-jasmine-aids-ancient-rituals-at.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/09/indian-jasmine-aids-ancient-rituals-at.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 30 January 2022. "Mokauea Island Actualizes What Legacy on NCIS: Hawai’i Attempts to Add." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/01/mokauea-island-actualizes-what-legacy.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/01/mokauea-island-actualizes-what-legacy.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 28 November 2021. "Kalama Valley Antedates the Legacy NCIS: Hawai’i Aspires to Archive." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/11/kalama-valley-antedates-legacy-ncis.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/11/kalama-valley-antedates-legacy-ncis.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 26 September 2021. "Illegal Explosives Add Noise Pollution to NCIS: Hawai’i Episode Boom." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/09/illegal-explosives-add-noise-pollution.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/09/illegal-explosives-add-noise-pollution.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 9 August 2020. "Hinahina Beach Heliotrope Abhors Bombs on Magnum’s Nowhere to Hide." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/08/hinahina-beach-heliotrope-abhors-bombs.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/08/hinahina-beach-heliotrope-abhors-bombs.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 8 February 2020. "He'e Makoko Hawaiian Octopuses Are Like Five-0's He Waha Kou O Ka He'e." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/02/hee-makoko-hawaiian-octopuses-are-like.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/02/hee-makoko-hawaiian-octopuses-are-like.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 24 November 2019. "Ka'upu Black-Footed Albatrosses Avert Magnum's A Bullet Named Fate." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/11/kaupu-black-footed-albatrosses-avert.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/11/kaupu-black-footed-albatrosses-avert.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 27 April 2019. "Laysan Albatrosses: Earth Day 2019, Five-0 Season 9 Episode 22 Icons." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/04/laysan-albatrosses-earth-day-2019-five.html
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"Meat Jun." Nowfeed.me. Blog powered by Word Press. Posted 28 May 2011.
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Noise Reference Manual. Kauai Edition, July 2017. Originally developed 03/2001 by the Oahu Noise Advisory Committee. Aiea HI: State Department of Health, Indoor and Radiological Health Branch, Noise Section.
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Noise Reference Manual. Maui Edition, July 2017. Originally developed 03/2001 by the Oahu Noise Advisory Committee. Aiea HI: State Department of Health, Indoor and Radiological Health Branch, Noise Section.
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Noise Reference Manual. Oahu Edition, July 2017. Originally developed 03/2001 by the Oahu Noise Advisory Committee. Aiea HI: State Department of Health, Indoor and Radiological Health Branch, Noise Section.
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Options for the Establishment of a Koreatown in the City and County of Honolulu: A Report to the Hawaii State Legislature in Response to H.C.R. 169, Twenty-Sixth Legislature, 2012. Honolulu HI: Office of Planning, Department of Business, Economic Development & Tourism, State of Hawaii, December 2013.
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Available @ https://goorchids.northamericanorchidcenter.org/species/peristylus/holochila/
Available @ https://goorchids.northamericanorchidcenter.org/species/peristylus/holochila/
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"Platanthera holochila. State of Hawaii > Department of Land and Natural Resources > Division of Forestry and Wildlife > Learn > Learn About Species, Conservation Topics, And Places > Meet the Species > Rare Native Plant Species > Hawai'i's Rare Native Plants > Rare Plant Species > Rare plant fact sheets from the State Wildlife Action Plan. Dated September 2013.
Available @ https://dlnr.hawaii.gov/wildlife/files/2013/09/Fact-Sheet-Platanthera-holochila.pdf
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Smith, David G.; Gerald R. Smith; and Paulo A. Buckup. 10 August 2021. "William Alonzo Gosline and the Classification of Fishes." Ichthyology & Herpetology 109(2): 643-655. https://doi.org/10.1643/t2020155.
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Available Kikokikona Hawaiʻi @ https://ulukau.org/cgi-bin/hpn?e=d-0hpn--00-0-0--010---4------0-0l--1en-Zz-1---20-intro---00031-00110escapewin-00escapewin-00&a=d&p=intro&c=hpn&cl=CL2.8&d=HASH01865ff792f5498a9d5fc244&l=haw
Available in English Text @ https://ulukau.org/cgi-bin/hpn?e=d-0hpn--00-0-0--010---4------0-0l--1haw-Zz-1---20-intro---00031-00110escapewin-00escapewin-00&a=d&p=intro&c=hpn&cl=CL2.8&d=HASH01865ff792f5498a9d5fc244&l=en
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Available in English Text @ https://ulukau.org/cgi-bin/hpn?e=d-0hpn--00-0-0--010---4------0-0l--1haw-Zz-1---20-intro---00031-00110escapewin-00escapewin-00&a=d&p=intro&c=hpn&cl=CL2.13&d=HASH118d60d4e5bc828089555e&l=en
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Available via ResearchGate @ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269092872_Hawaii%27s_native_orchids_a_closer_look_at_the_trio
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