Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and Satdhara Archived Disciple Bones

Summary: Buddhist monuments at Sanchi and Satdhara archived disciple bones, available later in a London museum and relic-holders in India, Myanmar and Sri Lanka.

Sir Alexander Cunningham's sketch of relic caskets of Sariputta and Maha Moggallana found at Sanchi, Stupa No 3; Sir Alexander Cunningham, The Bhilsa Topes; Or, Buddhist Monuments of Central India (1854), Plate XXII: No visible notice of copyright per uploader judec on April 17, 2008, via Internet Archive

Buddhist monuments at Sanchi and Satdhara in Raisen District, Madhya Pradesh, central-north India, archived disciple bones available later in a London museum and then in relic-holders in India, Myanmar and Sri Lanka.

Bone relics of Buddhist disciples Maudgalyayana (from Sanskrit मौद्गलि, “crow”) and Shariputra (from Sanskrit शारी, “Shari[’s]” and पुत्र, “son”) blessed two Buddhist monuments for 2,500 years. They consecrated Stupa (from Sanskrit स्तूप, “heap”) No. 3 on Sanchi (from Sanskrit शान्ति, “quietism”) Hill from the second century BCE until the mid-nineteenth century CE. They drew devoted, devout Buddhist (from Sanskrit बुद्ध, “awakened”) artisans, laypeople, monks, nuns and pilgrims to Stupa No. 2 at Sadthara 5.59 miles (9 kilometers) away.

Perhaps Shunga (from Sanskrit शुङ्ग, “Indian fig tree [Ficus indica]”) emperors extracted disciple bones from where the Buddhist sangha (from Sanskrit संघ, “multitude”) originally enshrined them.

Buddhist traditions favor as first final resting places the Jetavana and the Venuvana monasteries in the Rajagriha (राजगृह, from Sanskrit राजन्, “royal” and गृह, “house”) area.

Perhaps the Jetavana (जेतवन, from Sanskrit जेत, “Jeta[’s]” and वन, “grove”) monastery in Shravasti, Kosala Kingdom, geographized into modern-day Uttar Pradesh state, originally got Shariputra relics. Perhaps Venuvana (from Sanskrit वेणु, “bamboo” and वन, “forest”) monastery, Rajagriha, Magadha (from Sanskrit मागध, "minstrel") Kingdom, honed into modern-day Bihar state, originally had Maudgalayana relics. British archaeologists investigated ancient Raisen (from Sanskrit राजन्, “king” and वासिनी, “abiding”) District sites in Madhya Pradesh (from Sanskrit मध्य, "central" and प्रदेश, "region") in 1851.

Major Alexander Cunningham (Jan. 23, 1814-Nov. 28, 1893) and Captain Frederick Maisey (Aug. 27, 1825-Sept. 2, 1892) judged Buddhist monuments at Sanchi and Satdhara most rewarding.

Sanchi Stupa 3 kept two steatite (soapberry, soapstone, from Latin steatitis, from Greek στέαρ, “fat, suet, tallow” and λίθος by way of -ίτης, “rock, stone”) caskets.

Brahmi (from Sanskrit ब्रह्मी, “holy”) script on the two outer-surface lids labeled the north- and the south-located boxes as respectively lodging Maudgalyayana’s and Shariputra’s आस (“ashes”). The inner-surface lids to the north- and the south-maintained caskets within their respective boxes manifested in Brahmi script the first letter in Maudgalyayana’s and Shariputra’s names. One near-inch- (2.54-centimeter-) long bone with seven neighboring beads and two bones not even 0.5 inches (1.27 centimeters) long respectively nestled into Maudgalayayana’s and Shariputra’s caskets.

Buddhist monuments at Sanchi offered a rounded, 6-inch (15.24-centimeter) diameter, 3-inch- (7.62-centimeter-) high, white casket for Shariputra’s ashes and another a bit smaller for Maudgalyayana’s ashes.

Buddhist monuments at Satdhara (सातधारा, from Hindi सात, “seven” and धारा, “stream”) preserved paired 6-inch (15.24-centimeter) diameter, 2-inch (5.08-centimeter-) high steatite caskets, each possessing disciple bones.

Neither Major Cunningham nor Captain Maisey quantified the number or the sizes of the Satdhara asthi avashesh (bone relics, from Sanskrit अस्थि, “bone” and अवशेष, “remainder”). Art historian Jack Daulton and history professor Torkel Brekke respectively regard Satdhara and Satdhara and Sanchi relics residing within London’s Victoria and Albert Museum by 1866. The former and the latter specialists respectively see Sanchi bones and caskets as lost and Sanchi and Satdhara bones and caskets as museum showpieces until 1947.

Nobody and nothing tell whether the Sanchi stupa or the Satdhara stupa tendered disciple bones treasured once again by Buddhist monuments at Sanchi, India, since 1952.

Sir Alexander Cunningham's sketch of the Satdhara stupas and the inscribed caskets of Sariputta and Moggallana; Sir Alexander Cunningham, The Bhilsa Topes; Or, Buddhist Monuments of Central India (1854), Plate XXV: No visible notice of copyright per uploader judec on April 17, 2008, via Internet Archive

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Sir Alexander Cunningham's sketch of relic caskets of Sariputta and Maha Moggallana found at Sanchi, Stupa No 3; Sir Alexander Cunningham, The Bhilsa Topes; Or, Buddhist Monuments of Central India (1854), Plate XXII: No visible notice of copyright per uploader judec on April 17, 2008, via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/bhilsatopesorbud00cunn/page/n454/mode/1up; Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sanchi_Stupa_No_3_relics.jpg

Sir Alexander Cunningham's sketch of the Satdhara stupas and the inscribed caskets of Sariputta and Moggallana; Sir Alexander Cunningham, The Bhilsa Topes; Or, Buddhist Monuments of Central India (1854), Plate XXV: No visible notice of copyright per uploader judec on April 17, 2008, via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/bhilsatopesorbud00cunn/page/n460/mode/1up?view=theater; Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Satdhara_stupas_and_relics.jpg

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