Chetiyagiri Vihara Adds Auspiciousness to Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi

Summary: Chetiyagiri Vihara adds auspiciousness to Buddhist monuments at Sanchi, central-north India, when ancient, holy relics are out for public appreciation.

Painting depicts passing of Sariputta, Buddhaaisawan Temple, National Museum, Bangkok, central Thailand; Sunday, Feb. 12, 2017, 03:18: Photo Dharma from Sadao, Thailand (Anandajoti Bhikkhu), CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Wikimedia Commons

Chetiyagiri Vihara adds auspiciousness to Buddhist monuments at Sanchi, Madhya Pradesh, central-north India, the last Sunday of every November, when its ancient, holy relics of two disciples are out for public appreciation.

The 60- to 68-year-old building from 1952-1960 brings Buddhist (from Sanskrit बुद्ध, “awakened”) believers to central Madhya Pradesh (from Sanskrit मध्य, “middle” and प्रदेश, “region”) state. The Chetiyagiri Vihara Festival always convenes the last Sunday of November to commemorate the commencement of its namesake’s construction Sunday, Nov. 29, 1952, on Sanchi Hill. Jawaharlal Nehru (Nov. 14, 1889-May 27, 1964), as second-term (April 15, 1952-April 17, 1957) re-elected first Prime Minister of the Republic of India, debuted the construction.

Chetiyagiri (prayer hall, from Sanskrit चैत्य, “soul” and गृह, “house”) Vihara (monastery, from Sanskrit विहार, “walking [hall]”) exists as temple enclosure for relics evoking emergent Buddhism.

The most modern feature of Buddhist monuments at Sanchi, central Raisen (royal residence, from Sanskrit राजन्, “king” and वासिनी, “abiding”) District, furnishes a most ancient feature.

The twentieth- and twenty-first-century temple guards the 2,500-year-old relics of the two greatest disciples of Gautama (from Sanskrit गौतम, “light [dispels] darkness”) Buddha (624 BCE?-544 BCE?). It honors enlightenment-seeking Upatishya (from Sanskrit उप, “[born] under” and तिष्य, “[lunar asterism] Tishya [in Cancer]) as enlightened Shariputra (from Sanskrit शारि, “Shari[‘s]” and पुत्र, “son”). It invokes enlightenment-seeking Kolita (from Sanskrit कोलित) as enlightened Maudgalyayana (from Sanskrit मौद्गलि), whom Gautama Buddha identified as Mahamaudgalyayana (from Sanskrit मह, “great” and मौद्गलि, “crow”).

Chetiyagiri Vihara jubilates Shariputra as firstmost, parthamashravaka (from Sanskrit रथम, “foremost” and शावक, “hearer”) and right-hand-side, dakshinashravaka (from Sanskrit दक्षिणा, “right[-hand-side]” and शावक, “hearer”) chief disciple.

Maudgalyayana, second-most, dvitiyashravaka (from Sanskrit द्वितीय, “second” and शावक, “hearer”) and left-hand-side, vamashravaka (from Sanskrit वाम, “left” and शावक, “hearer”) chief disciple, still keeps Shariputra company.

Stupa (from Sanskrit स्तूप, “heap”) No. 3 among Buddhist monuments at Sanchi previously lodged the asthi avashesh (bone relics, from Sanskrit अस्थि, “bone” and अवशेष, “remainder”). The relic-holding structure maintained holy relics of the two best friends forever and the two topmost disciples from the second century BCE until the mid-nineteenth century. Perhaps Rajagriha (राजगृह, from Sanskrit राजन्, “royal” and गृह, “house”) area stupa relic-holders near their native villages, Kolita and Upatishya, first netted the disciples’ holy relics.

Third Mauryan (from Sanskrit मोर, "peacock [clan emblem]") Emperor Ashoka perhaps opted for Buddhist monuments at Sanchi (from Sanskrit शान्ति, “quietism”) to obtain the disciples’ relics.

Shunga (from Sanskrit शुङ्ग, “fig tree [Ficus indica]”) emperors perhaps put into place what Emperor Ashoka (from Sanskrit अशोक, "without sorrow") perhaps propounded the preceding century.

Cremated ashes and bones queued up after Emperor Ashoka’s (304 BCE?-232 BCE?) lifetime, during Shunga imperial quests (185 BCE-75 BCE) to qualify central-north India as theirs. British archaeologists Major Alexander Cunningham (Jan. 23, 1814-Nov. 28, 1893) and Captain Frederick Maisey (Aug. 27, 1825-Sept. 2, 1892) recovered the forgotten holy relics in 1851. British Queen Victoria’s (May 24, 1819-Jan. 22, 1901) and Prince Albert’s (Aug. 26, 1819-Dec. 14, 1861) Victoria and Albert Museum started sheltering both relics in 1866.

Chetiyagiri Vihara, Myanmar’s Kaba Aye Pagoda and Sri Lanka’s Maha Bodhi Society Temple since 1952 treasure some relics once stored only in Buddhist monuments at Sanchi.

Shunga period Stupa No. 3, Raisen District, Madhya Pradesh state, central India; Thursday, Feb. 21, 2013, 12:52: Biswarup Ganguly (Gangulybiswarup), CC BY 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Painting depicts passing of Sariputta, Buddhaaisawan Temple, National Museum, Bangkok, central Thailand; Sunday, Feb. 12, 2017, 03:18: Photo Dharma from Sadao, Thailand (Anandajoti Bhikkhu), CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:032_Passing_of_Sariputta_(35252914515).jpg; Anandajoti Bhikkhu (Anandajoti), CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/anandajoti/35252914515/

Shunga period Stupa No. 3, Raisen District, Madhya Pradesh state, central India; Thursday, Feb. 21, 2013, 12:52: Biswarup Ganguly (Gangulybiswarup), CC BY 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stupa_3_-_Sanchi_Hill_2013-02-21_4268.JPG

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