Earth and Space News: Utility Tree Risk Assessment Applies to Trees, Targets and Sites

Summary: Utility Tree Risk Assessment applies to trees, targets and sites in an article by John W. Goodfellow for the October 2023 issue of Arborist News.

Adjacent, non-utility operated, non-utility-owned areas affect utility tree risk assessment even as the latter never affirms in its work-scope targets non-utility people and places; Spaziergang im Mondlicht ("Walk in Moonlight"), May 1890 oil on canvas by Dutch Post-Impressionist painter Vincent van Gogh (March 30, 1853-July 29, 1890), in collection of São Paulo Museum of Art (Portuguese: Museu de Arte de São Paulo; MASP), São Paulo, São Paulo state, southeastern Brazil: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Utility Tree Risk Assessment applies to trees, targets and sites, according to Assessing Targets, Sites, and Trees for Utility Tree Risk Assessment by John W. Goodfellow in the October 2023 Arborist News.

Disease-, drought-, flood-, weather-, wildfire-, wildlife-battered, utility-system operation-interfering vegetation belongs among commonest causes of distribution-system electrical outages that in turn betoken transmission-grid failure and long-term blackouts. Specific conditions and situations confirm tree inspections and assessment levels even as many overhead-line-area trees court low risk during failure-likely, minor-consequence, negligible-consequence, 12- to 36-month timeframes. Large populations of managed trees, limited access to and cooperation from property owners and limited resources defy utility tree management discerning all trees with line-striking potential.

Only enduring trees too short to effectuate overhead-conductor, related-infrastructure strikes never eliminates tree-strike risk even as private properties, not public rights-of-way, enshrine most overhead-electric line-strikable trees.

Site factors such as land aspect and slope and soil factors such as root-damaging, diseasing, failing soil-factored building foundations, compaction, erosion, roads, rocks, shallow-layered impermeability, textural gradients, water saturation affix utility tree risk assessments at higher levels; Baumwurzeln und Baumstämme (Tree Roots and tree Trunks), July 1890 oil on canvas by Dutch Post-Impressionist painter Vincent van Gogh (March 30, 1853-July 29, 1890), in collection of Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam South (Dutch: Amsterdam-Zuid), North Holland (Dutch: Noord-Holland), northwestern Netherlands (Dutch: Nederland): Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Extreme weather fights, normal weather favors predictable, preventable tree failure-stricken, failure-damaged overhead-utility lines even as freezing rain, heavy snow, hurricane-force winds fell defect-free, force-resisting, solid trees.

Specialized education, experience, skills and training guide utility tree risk assessment of large-property, non-utility- and utility-controlled and owned, utility-forest overhead-electric line-area trees in developed-urban, rural-forested sites. Risk level of such utility targets as overhead electric-utility equipment, lines and supporting infrastructure directly to utility infrastructure, indirectly to energy-delivery systems hinges upon strike-failure consequences. Fall direction, land slope; tree-crown form, height and spread; and wind inspire falling branch-, falling tree-likely target zones regarding maintained-corridor conductors and equipment, substation-fenced critical-utility infrastructure.

Utility tree risk assessment judges target-zone trees, targets, sites enlarged by domino-effect tree failures or reduced by adjacent, impact likelihood-reducing, large, line strike-preventing, strongly lower-branched trees.

Severe, extreme and abnormally extreme weather, such as freezing rain, heavy snow, hurricane-force winds and thunderstorms, afflict even defect-free, force-resistant, solid, strong trees; Weizenfeld unter einem Gewitterhimmel (Wheatfield Under Thunderclouds), July 1890 oil on canvas by Dutch Post-Impressionist painter Vincent van Gogh (March 30, 1853-July 29, 1890), in collection of Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam South (Dutch: Amsterdam-Zuid), North Holland (Dutch: Noord-Holland), northwestern Netherlands (Dutch: Nederland): Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Site-factored branch-, root-, soil-, trunk-failing propensities; earth-excavating, earth-filling; edge-exposing forest-stand clearing; groundwater-lowering, groundwater-raising; infrastructure repair; land use; trenching; vegetative cover; wind exposure sometimes kindle tree-failure likelihoods.

Higher-level assessment looks at root-damaging, diseasing, failing soil-factored building foundations, compaction, erosion, roads, rocks, shallow-layered impermeability, textural gradients, water saturation and site topography-factored aspect and slope. Normal, extreme, abnormally-extreme weathers respectively mean 30-year-average precipitation, temperatures, winds; unexpected freezing rain, snow, thunderstorms; and unpredictable derechos, freezing ice/rain storms, heavy wet snow, hurricanes, tornadoes. The wind speed-categorizing Beaufort scale notes marked tree-caused outages moderate-gale Force-7 51- to 61-kilometer, fresh-gale Force-8 62- to 74-kilometer, strong-gale Force-9 75- to 87-kilometer hourly winds.

Utility tree risk assessment observes defect-free trees, targets, sites overcome by storm Force-10 88- to 101-kilometer, violent-storm Force-11 102- to 116-kilometer, hurricane Force-12 117-plus-kilometer hourly winds.

Tree species failure profiles alert admiring audiences to such chestnut-tree ailments as blight and root rot; Blühende Kastanienbäume (Blooming Chestnut Trees), May 1890 oil on canvas by Dutch Post-Impressionist painter Vincent van Gogh (March 30, 1853-July 29, 1890), in private collection: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Calm-day tree failures present themselves rarely, apart severe defects not strengthened by response growth that stops or that subverts tree-failure likelihoods and apart sudden branch drops.

Tree species failure profiles, quested from local sources or the International Tree Failure Database, quarter the likeliest failure characteristics that the tree species in question queue. Protective factors such as coated overhead cables and lines and savvy-positioned branches, structures, trees reduce impact likelihoods and line-strike consequences and reduce or stop impact force. Multiplicative factors suggest increased, multiplied impact likelihoods and line-strike consequences around large-diameter, poled communications cables; in saturated, wet soils; with newly-exposed, root or soil failure-prone species.

Utility tree risk assessment turns target physical characteristics into tree-strike consequences, such as broken, depressed, downed large-diameter communications-cable, small-diameter copper-electric primary-conductor wires, poles and underbuilt cables.

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Multiplicative factors allow branch-falling, tree-felling impact consequences a domino effect in the case of lined-up trees; Women Picking Olives, 1889 oil on canvas by Dutch Post-Impressionist painter Vincent van Gogh (March 30, 1853-July 29, 1890), in collection of Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Met Fifth Avenue, Gallery 522, Manhattan's Upper East Side, New York: Public Domain, via MetMuseum @ https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/436536; Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1889_van_Gogh_Women_picking_olives_anagoria.JPG

For further information:

Gilman, Ed. 2011. An Illustrated Guide to Pruning. Third Edition. Boston MA: Cengage.

Hayes, Ed. 2001. Evaluating Tree Defects. Revised, Special Edition. Rochester MN: Safe Trees.

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Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/01/integrated-vegetation-management-study.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 December 2017. “Tree Inventories: Preemptive and Proactive or Piecemeal and Reactive.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/12/tree-inventories-preemptive-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 November 2017. “Chlorantraniliprole Reduced-Risk Insecticides Get Leaf-Eaters Not Bees.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/11/chlorantraniliprole-reduced-risk.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 October 2017. “Palm Plant Health Care: Abiotic, Biotic Stress Culture and Management.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/10/palm-plant-health-care-abiotic-biotic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 September 2017. “Predawn Leaf Water Potentials Indicate Crown Dieback and Water Status.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/09/predawn-leaf-water-potentials-indicate.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 August 2017. “Palm Tree Identification and Pruning of Native and Naturalizable Palms.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/08/palm-tree-identification-and-pruning-of.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 July 2017. “Commonly Planted, Potentially Phytoremediating Street Tree Species.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/07/commonly-planted-potentially.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 June 2017. “Root Loss From Root Pruning and Root Shaving of Stem-Girdling Roots.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/06/root-loss-from-root-pruning-and-root.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 May 2017. “Age and Canopy Area Cost Less and Tell More in Urban Tree Inventories.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/05/age-and-canopy-area-cost-less-and-tell.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 April 2017. “Urban Root Management: Big Infrastructure, Small Space, Stressed Roots.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/04/urban-root-management-big.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 March 2017. “Flexural Elasticity Modulus: Trees and Watersprouts Bend or Break.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/03/flexural-elasticity-modulus-trees-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 February 2017. “Plant Health Care Diagnostics When Plants and Places Wrong One Another.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/02/plant-health-care-diagnostics-when.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 January 2017. “Tree Fertilization for Fine Root Growth and Whole Root System Effects.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/01/tree-fertilization-for-fine-root-growth.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 December 2016. “Abiotic and Biotic Stress in Low Maintenance Tree Health Care Programs.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/12/abiotic-and-biotic-stress-in-low.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 November 2016. “Organic Amendments to Compacted Degraded Urban Highway Roadsides.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/11/organic-amendments-to-compacted.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 October 2016. “Tree Protection Zones by Arborists for All Construction Project Phases.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/10/tree-protection-zones-by-arborists-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 September 2016. “Stormwater Runoff Landscaping With Urban Canopy Cover and Groundcover.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/09/stormwater-runoff-landscaping-with.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 August 2016. “Changing Places: Tree Nutrient Movement Down, Tree Water Movement Up.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/08/changing-places-tree-nutrient-movement.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 July 2016. “Treated or Untreated Oriental Bittersweet Vine Management Cut-Stumping.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/07/treated-or-untreated-oriental.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 June 2016. “Tree Injection Site Procedures: Manufacturer's Instructions and Labels.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/06/tree-injection-site-procedures.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 May 2016. “Electrical Utility Area Temperate Urban Street Trees: Pruned Regrowth.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/05/electrical-utility-area-temperate-urban.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 April 2016. “Tree Injection Methods: Treatment Option in Integrated Pest Management.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/04/tree-injection-methods-treatment-option.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 March 2016. “Bare-Rooted Ornamental Urban Transplants: Amendments Against Mortality.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/03/bare-rooted-ornamental-urban.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 February 2016. “Bark Protective Survival Mechanisms Foil Deprivation, Injury, Invasion.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/02/bark-protective-survival-mechanisms.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 January 2016. "LITA Model: Linear Index of Tree Appraisal of Large Urban Swedish Trees." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/01/lita-model-linear-index-of-tree.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 December 2015. “Tree Lightning Protection Systems: Site, Soil, Species True Designs.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/12/tree-lightning-protection-systems-site.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 October 2015. “Tree Lightning Protection Systems Tailored to Sites, Soils, Species.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/10/tree-lightning-protection-systems.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 August 2015. “Tree Friendly Urban Soil Management: Amend, Fertilize, Mulch, Till!” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/08/tree-friendly-urban-soil-management.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 June 2015. “Tree Friendly Urban Soil Management: Assemble, Assess, Assist, Astound.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/06/tree-friendly-urban-soil-management.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 April 2015. “Tree Wound Responses: Healthy Wound Closures by Callus and Woundwood.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/04/tree-wound-responses-healthy-wound.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 February 2015. “Urban Forest Maintenance and Non-Maintenance Costs and Benefits.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/02/urban-forest-maintenance-and-non.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 December 2014. “Tree Dwelling Symbionts: Dodder, Lichen, Mistletoe, Moss and Woe-Vine.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/12/tree-dwelling-symbionts-dodder-lichen.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 October 2014. “Tree Cable Installation Systems Lessen Target Impact From Tree Failure.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/10/tree-cable-installation-systems-lessen.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 August 2014. “Flood Tolerant Trees in Worst-Case Floodplain and Urbanized Scenarios.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/08/flood-tolerant-trees-in-worst-case.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 June 2014. “Integrated Vegetation Management of Plants in Utility Rights-of-Way.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/06/integrated-vegetation-management-of.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 April 2014. “Tree Twig Identification: Buds, Bundle Scars, Leaf Drops, Leaf Scars.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/04/tree-twig-identification-buds-bundle.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 February 2014. “Tree Twig Anatomy: Ecosystem Stress, Growth Rates, Winter Identification.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/02/tree-twig-anatomy-ecosystem-stress.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 December 2013. “Community and Tree Safety Awareness During Line- and Road-Clearances.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/12/community-and-tree-safety-awareness.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 October 2013. “Chain-Saw Gear and Tree Work Related Personal Protective Equipment.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/10/chain-saw-gear-and-tree-work-related.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 October 2013. “Storm Damaged Tree Clearances: Matched Teamwork of People to Equipment.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/10/storm-damaged-tree-clearances-matched.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 August 2013. “Storm Induced Tree Damage Assessments: Pre-Storm Planned Preparedness.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/08/storm-induced-tree-damage-assessments.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 June 2013. “Storm Induced Tree Failures From Heavy Tree Weights and Weather Loads.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/06/storm-induced-tree-failures-from-heavy.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 April 2013. “Urban Tree Root Management Concerns: Defects, Digs, Dirt, Disturbance.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/04/urban-tree-root-management-concerns.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 February 2013. “Tree Friendly Beneficial Soil Microbes: Inoculations and Occurrences.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/02/tree-friendly-beneficial-soil-microbes.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 December 2012. “Healthy Urban Tree Root Crown Balances: Soil Properties, Soil Volumes.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/12/healthy-urban-tree-root-crown-balances.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 October 2012. “Tree Adaptive Growth: Tree Risk Assessment of Tree Failure, Tree Strength.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/10/tree-adaptive-growth-tree-risk.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 August 2012. “Tree Risk Assessment Mitigation Reports: Tree Removal, Tree Retention?” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/08/tree-risk-assessment-mitigation-reports.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 June 2012. “Internally Stressed, Response Growing, Wind Loaded Tree Strength.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/06/internally-stressed-response-growing.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 April 2012. “Three Tree Risk Assessment Levels: Limited Visual, Basic and Advanced.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/04/three-tree-risk-assessment-levels.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 February 2012. “Qualitative Tree Risk Assessment: Risk Ratings for Targets and Trees.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/02/qualitative-tree-risk-assessment-risk.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 February 2012. “Qualitative Tree Risk Assessment: Falling Trees Impacting Targets.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/02/qualitative-tree-risk-assessment.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 December 2011. “Tree Risk Assessment: Tree Failures From Defects and From Wind Loads.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/12/tree-risk-assessment-tree-failures-from.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 October 2011. “Five Tree Felling Plan Steps for Successful Removals and Worker Safety.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/10/five-tree-felling-plan-steps-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 August 2011. “Natives and Non-Natives as Successfully Urbanized Plant Species.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/08/natives-and-non-natives-as-successfully.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 June 2011. “Tree Ring Patterns for Ecosystem Ages, Dates, Health and Stress.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/06/tree-ring-patterns-for-ecosystem-ages.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 April 2011. “Benignly Ugly Tree Disorders: Oak Galls, Powdery Mildew, Sooty Mold, Tar Spot.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/04/benignly-ugly-tree-disorders-oak-galls.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 February 2011. “Tree Load Can Turn Tree Health Into Tree Failure or Tree Fatigue.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/02/tree-load-can-turn-tree-health-into.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 December 2010. “Tree Electrical Safety Knowledge, Precautions, Risks and Standards.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/12/tree-electrical-safety-knowledge.html

Earth and Space News

Saturday, October 7, 2023

Utility Tree Risk Assessment Applies to Trees, Targets and Sites

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