Caribou Abound as Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 October Animals

Summary: Caribou abound as Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 October animals who as Arctic, near-Arctic North American wildlife awe the National Audubon Society.

"God talks to human beings through many vectors: through each other, through organized religion, through the great books of those religions, through wise people, through art and music and literature and poetry, but nowhere with such detail and grace and color and joy as through creation. When we destroy a species, when we destroy a special place, we're diminishing our capacity to sense the divine, understand who God is and what our own potential is." Robert Francis Kennedy Jr., April 19, 2023, Boston Park Plaza Hotel, Back Bay, Boston, Massachusetts.

“And there’s many people out there who want us to move to the next planet already and I’m like, hang on, let’s not give up on this planet yet," William, Prince of Wales, July 31, 2023, Sorted Food food truck, London, England, United Kingdom.

"Tarandus Furcifer, Agassiz. Caribou, or American Rein-Deer Males. 1 Summer pelage. 2 Winter pelage," Drawn from Nature by J.W. Audubon (John Woodhouse Audubon, John James Audubon's second son; Nov. 30, 1812-Feb. 21, 1862); Lith'd Print'd & Col'd by J.T. Bowen, Philad'a, 1847; John James Audubon, The viviparous quadrupeds of North America, vol. III (1848), No. 26, Plate CXXVI: No copyright (Public Domain Mark 1.0), via University of Michigan Library Digital Collections

Caribou mating, migratory herds abound as Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 October animals who as Arctic, near-Arctic North American wildlife in Canada and in the United States awe the National Audubon Society.

The Artiodactyla (from Greek ἄρτιος, “even” and δάκτυλος, “finger, toe”) even-toed ungulate order member breeds in September, October, November and births 192 to 246 days later. The Cervidae (from Latin cervus, “deer, stag” and Greek -ειδής, “resembling” via Latin -idæ) elk, moose, muntjac, reindeer, true deer family member clusters among dwarf vegetation. The Capriolinae (from Latin capr-, “male goat” and -īnus, “of” via Latin caprīnus) moose, New World, roe, telemetacarpal, reindeer subfamily member desires bogs, marshlands and swamps.

The Odocoileini (from Greek ὀδούς, “tooth” and κοῖλος, “hollow”; -īnus, “of”) deer tribe member elects hillside, plains, plateau and seaside bogs, forests, marshlands, meadows and swamps.

Alaska, Canada and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and coastal northwestern and southwestern Greenland accommodate 9 caribou subspecies even as 10 reindeer subspecies accompany Eurasian wildlife of Iceland; northern Finland, Norway and Sweden; Russia and the Russian Arctic Archipelago; and Svalbard and the Svalbard archipelago. Finnish forest (Rangifer tarandus fennicus), Greenland (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus), Kamchatkan (Rangifer tarandus phylarchus), mountain and Norwegian (Rangifer tarandus tarandus), Novaya Zemlya (Rangifer tarandus pearsoni), Siberian forest (Rangifer tarandus valentinae), Siberian tundra (Rangifer tarandus sibiricus) and Svalbard (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus) account for the Eurasian subspecies of the Eurasian and North American Rangifer tarandus; Tuesday, Oct. 31, 2006, "Map: Distribution of Rangifer tarandus (Caribou/Reindeer) Red -- Reindeer (orange: introduced populations) Green -- Caribou": TBjornstad (Tom Bjornstad [ToB]), Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Rangifer tarandus (from Latin rangifer and Greek τάρανδος, “reindeer”), fathomed by Carl Linnaeus (May 23, 1707-Jan. 10, 1778), feature 9 North American and 10 Eurasian subspecies.

Alaska guards porcupine (Rangifer tarandus arcticus), Grant’s (Rangifer tarandus granti) and Stone’s (Rangifer tarandus stonei) caribou subspecies respectively with Yukon Territory, Alaska islands and Northwest Territories. Canada houses barren-ground (Rangifer tarandus arcticus), boreal woodland (Rangifer tarandus caribou), Labrador (Rangifer tarandus cabot), Newfoundland (Rangifer tarandus terranovae) and Osborn’s (Rangifer tarandus osborni) caribou subspecies. Rocky Mountain (Rangifer tarandus fortidens) caribou inhabit Canada even as the Selkirk Mountains (Rangifer tarandus montanus) subspecies itinerate British Columbia, Canada, and Idaho, Montana and Washington.

Caribou bulls and cows, as Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 October animals, respectively journey through 4-, 5-, to 14-year and 6-, 7-, to 19-year life expectancies.

September, October, November act as simultaneous mating and migrating months for caribou, whose one bull-administered, calf- and cow-aggregated family, forest and migratory herds respectively add up to 2,500 to 3,000, 3 to 55 and 80,000 to 10,000 members; USFWS image of "Caribou aggregation in 1002 Area, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge," northeastern Alaska: United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Maternal gestations kindle black-, chocolate-, red-brown, 6.61- to 26.45-pound (3- to 12-kilogram) calf singles or twins as standing 1-hour-olds, nursing 5-hour-olds, and grazing 5- to 7-hour-olds.

Broad-, hairy-, short-eared, dark-faced, hairy-muzzled, white-maned, dark-chested, white-bellied, white-rumped caribou lodge coarse-haired, long, wide dewclaws; flat, wide hooves leaving 4-inch (10.16-centimeter) tracks; and black-topped, white-bottomed tails. Left-jaw, right-jaw, 34-tooth dentitions of 0 upper/3 lower incisors, 1 upper/1 lower canine, 3 upper/3 lower premolars and 3 upper/3 lower molars mandate non-woody-, woody-plant nutrition. Caribou need winter cottongrass shoots, horsetail, green mosses, lichens and sedges; summer birch and willow bark, buds, flowers, leaves and twigs; and fall berries and mushrooms.

Caribou, as Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 October animals, observe parenting schedules for May-, June- and July-born calves just off or still on 3-month nursing schedules.

Caribou cows annually admit one black-, chocolate-, red-brown, 6.61- to 26.45-pound (3- to 12-kilogram) calf, sometimes twin calves, to their 2,500- to 3,000-member family herds every birthing season 192 to 246 days after simultaneous mating and migrating seasons every September, October, November; Thursday, July 22, 2010, 10:53, image of "Young reindeer (caribou) at Safari Niagara, Stevensville, Fort Erie, Ontario, Canada": Rlevse, CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons

Physically and sexually mature caribou possess 2.75- to 4.92-foot (0.84- to 1.49-meter) shoulder heights and forked, 3.35-foot- (1.02-meter-) wide, 4.42-foot- (1.35-meter-) long antlers with velvet-like covering.

Mature females quarter 5.33- to 6.75-foot- (1.62- to 2.06-meter-) long, 174- to 260-pound (78.93- to 117.93-kilogram) bodies with 4.5- to 6-inch- (11.43- to 15.24-centimeter-) long tails. Mature males reveal 5.83- to 7.5- (1.78- to 2.29-meter-) long, 200- to 460-pound (92- to 210-kilogram) bodies with 6- to 8-inch- (14- to 20-centimeter-) long tails. Caribou bulls, calves and cows sustain knee-clicking sounds and such respective vocalizations as bellows, grunts, rattles, roars and snorts; grunts and snorts; bawls, bleats and honks.

Predatory black and brown bears, cougars, coyotes, dholes, foxes, golden eagles, lynxes, people, wolverines and wolves trouble caribou as Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 October animals.

Caribou bulls aggregate 7 to 8 caribou cows for each mating. Mating sessions allow caribou bulls to amass family, forest and migratory herds. Caribou fathers, mothers and calves sometimes amble together through the mature coniferous uplands of the Arctic taiga (from Siberian Turkish Khakas тайға, "mountain" via Russian тайга́, "impassable forest, mountain") and tundra (from Lappish тӯннтрэ, "flat treeless mountain tract, uplands" via Russian ту́ндра) or remote alpine meadows or open and semi-open bogs during 4.5- to 13-year life expectancies. They nevertheless are adept at accelerated 4- to 6-mile (6.44- to 9.66-kilometer) swimming and 36- to 50-mile (57.93- to 80.477-kilometer) running hourly speeds; commemorative coin, issued Sep. 27, 2004, by Банк России (Bank Rossii), depicts running male and female reindeer, against background of northern lights and with inscription, "Let's Save Our World": Permjak, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Файл:RR5221-0007R.gif; Permjak, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

"Tarandus Furcifer, Agassiz. Caribou, or American Rein-Deer Males. 1 Summer pelage. 2 Winter pelage," Drawn from Nature by J.W. Audubon (John Woodhouse Audubon, John James Audubon's second son; Nov. 30, 1812-Feb. 21, 1862); Lith'd Print'd & Col'd by J.T. Bowen, Philad'a, 1847; John James Audubon, The viviparous quadrupeds of North America, vol. III (1848), No. 26, Plate CXXVI: No copyright (Public Domain Mark 1.0), via University of Michigan Library Digital Collections @ https://quod.lib.umich.edu/s/sclaudubon/x-B6719891/29375_0022; Public Domain, via The New York Public Library Digital Collections @ https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47da-7881-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99; J.J. Audubon, The Quadrupeds of North America, vol. III (1854), Copyright Status: Not provided; contact Holding Institution to verify copyright status, via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34897105; Biodiversity Heritage Library (BioDivLibrary), Public Domain, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/61021753@N02/7752411946/; (Nothing about copyright), via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/quadrupedsofnort03audu/page/n176/mode/1up

Alaska, Canada and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and coastal northwestern and southwestern Greenland accommodate 9 caribou subspecies even as 10 reindeer subspecies accompany Eurasian wildlife of Iceland; northern Finland, Norway and Sweden; Russia and the Russian Arctic Archipelago; and Svalbard and the Svalbard archipelago. Finnish forest (Rangifer tarandus fennicus), Greenland (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus), Kamchatkan (Rangifer tarandus phylarchus), mountain and Norwegian (Rangifer tarandus tarandus), Novaya Zemlya (Rangifer tarandus pearsoni), Siberian forest (Rangifer tarandus valentinae), Siberian tundra (Rangifer tarandus sibiricus) and Svalbard (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus) account for the Eurasian subspecies of the Eurasian and North American Rangifer tarandus; Tuesday, Oct. 31, 2006, "Map: Distribution of Rangifer tarandus (Caribou/Reindeer) Red -- Reindeer (orange: introduced populations) Green -- Caribou": TBjornstad (Tom Bjornstad [ToB]), Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rangifer_tarandus_map.png

September, October, November act as simultaneous mating and migrating months for caribou, whose one bull-administered, calf- and cow-aggregated family, forest and migratory herds respectively add up to 2,500 to 3,000, 3 to 55 and 80,000 to 10,000 members; USFWS image of "Caribou aggregation in 1002 Area, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge," northeastern Alaska: United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Herd_of_Caribou.jpg

Caribou cows annually admit one black-, chocolate-, red-brown, 6.61- to 26.45-pound (3- to 12-kilogram) calf, sometimes twin calves, to their 2,500- to 3,000-member family herds every birthing season 192 to 246 days after simultaneous mating and migrating seasons every September, October, November; Thursday, July 22, 2010, 10:53, image of "Young reindeer (caribou) at Safari Niagara, Stevensville, Fort Erie, Ontario, Canada": Rlevse, CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:YoungReindeerNiagaraA.jpg

Caribou bulls aggregate 7 to 8 caribou cows for each mating. Mating sessions allow caribou bulls to amass family, forest and migratory herds. Caribou fathers, mothers and calves sometimes amble together through the mature coniferous uplands of the Arctic taiga (from Siberian Turkish Khakas тайға, "mountain" via Russian тайга́, "impassable forest, mountain") and tundra (from Lappish тӯннтрэ, "flat treeless mountain tract, uplands" via Russian ту́ндра) or remote alpine meadows or open and semi-open bogs during 4.5- to 13-year life expectancies. They nevertheless are adept at accelerated 4- to 6-mile (6.44- to 9.66-kilometer) swimming and 36- to 50-mile (57.93- to 80.477-kilometer) running hourly speeds; commemorative coin, issued Sep. 27, 2004, by Банк России (Bank Rossii), depicts running male and female reindeer, against background of northern lights and with inscription, "Let's Save Our World": Permjak, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Файл:RR5221-0007R.gif; Permjak, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:RR5221-0007R.gif

For further information:

Baskin, Leonid, Ph.D. 2003. "Reindeer Rangifer tarandus." Pages 394-395. In: Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. Second Edition. Volume 15, Mammals IV. Edited by Michael Hutchins, Devra G. Kleiman, Valerius Geist and Melissa C. McDade. Farmington Hills MI: Gale Group.

Bowers, Nora; Rick Bowers; and Kenn Kaufman. 2004. "Caribou Rangifer tarandus." Pages 158-159. Mammals of North America. Kaufman Focus Guides. New York NY: Houghton Mifflin Company.

Forsyth, Adrian. 1999. "Caribou Tangifer tarandus." Pages 318-320. Mammals of North America: Temperate and Arctic Regions. Buffalo NJ: Firefly Books (U.A.) Inc.

Gunn, A. 2016. "Reindeer Rangifer tarandus." IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T29742A22167140. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T29742A22167140.en.
Available @ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/29742/22167140

Joly, Kyle C.; and Nancy Shefferly. 2000. "Rangifer tarandus caribou (Also: reindeer)." (On-line) Animal Diversity Web. Ann Arbor MI: University of Michigan Museum of Zoology.
Available @ https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Rangifer_tarandus/

Kobasa, Paul A. (Editor-in-Chief). 2007. "Woodland Caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou)." Page 59. Mammals of the United States and Canada. World Book's Science & Nature Guides. World Book. Chicago IL: World Book, Inc.

Linnaeus, C. 1758. "(Mammalia Pecora. Cervus.) Tarandus. 4." Page 67. In: Systema Naturae per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiæ: impensis direct. Laurentii Salvii.
Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726968

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 October 2023. "Red-Necked Phalaropes, Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 October Birds." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/10/red-necked-phalaropes-audubon-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 September 2023. "Brown Bears Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 September Animals." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/09/brown-bears-are-audubon-arctic-wall.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 September 2023. "Polar Bears Act as Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 September Animals." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/09/polar-bears-act-as-audubon-arctic-wall.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 August 2023. "Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 Augurs King Eiders as August Birds." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/08/audubon-arctic-wall-calendar-2022.html#google_vignette

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 August 2023. "Savannah Sparrows Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 August Birds." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/08/savannah-sparrows-are-audubon-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 July 2023. "Kenai Peninsula Awes, As Wild July, Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/07/kenai-peninsula-awes-as-wild-july.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 June 2023. "Buff-Breasted Sandpipers, Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 June Birds." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/06/buff-breasted-sandpipers-audubon-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 June 2023. "Rock Ptarmigans Act as June Birds on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/06/rock-ptarmigans-act-as-june-birds-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 May 2023. "Moose Appear as May Animals on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/05/moose-appear-as-may-animals-on-audubon.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 April 2023. "Brooks Range Acts as Wild April on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/04/brooks-range-acts-as-wild-april-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 April 2023. "Arctic Terns Are April Birds on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/04/arctic-terns-are-april-birds-on-audubon.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 March 2023. "Western Sandpipers Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 March Birds." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/03/western-sandpipers-are-audubon-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 March 2023. "Baffin Island Wolves Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 Wild March." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/03/baffin-island-wolves-are-audubon-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 February 2023. "Musk Ox, Muskox Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar February 2022 Animals." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/musk-ox-muskox-are-audubon-arctic-wall.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 February 2023. "Red-Throated Loons Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 February Birds." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/red-throated-loons-are-audubon-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 January 2023. "Mallard Ducks Aced Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 as January Birds." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/mallard-ducks-aced-audubon-arctic-wall.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 January 2023. "Red Foxes Are January Wildlife on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/red-foxes-are-january-wildlife-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 December 2022. "Dark-Eyed Juncos Are December Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/12/dark-eyed-juncos-are-december-birds-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 November 2022. "Eared Grebes Are November Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/11/eared-grebes-are-november-birds-on-2022.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 October 2022. "Barred Owls Are October Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/10/barred-owls-are-october-birds-on-2022.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 September 2022. "Brown Pelicans Are September Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/09/brown-pelicans-are-september-birds-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 August 2022. "Allen’s Hummingbirds Are August Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/08/allens-hummingbirds-are-august-birds-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 July 2022. "Reddish Egrets Are July Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/07/reddish-egrets-are-july-birds-on-2022.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 June 2022. "American Oystercatchers Are June Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/06/american-oystercatchers-are-june-birds.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 May 2022. "Rose-Breasted Grosbeaks Are May Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/05/rose-breasted-grosbeaks-are-may-birds.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 April 2022. "Crested Caracaras Appear as April Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/04/crested-caracaras-appear-as-april-birds.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 March 2022. "Cerulean Warblers Are March Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/03/cerulean-warblers-are-march-birds-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 February 2022. "Northern Bobwhites Are February Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/02/northern-bobwhites-are-february-birds.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 January 2022. "Florida Scrub-Jays Are January Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/01/florida-scrub-jays-are-january-birds-on.html