Earth and Space News: Rapid Ohia Death Wilt and The Tourist on NCIS: Hawai’i Act as Aliens

Summary: Rapid ohia death wilt and The Tourist, season 1 episode 6 Monday, June 6, 2022, on police procedural television series NCIS: Hawai’i act as aliens.

Rapid ohia death wilt affects both the red- and the yellow-flowering varieties of Hawaiian myrtle (from Hawaiian ʻōhiʻa lehua [“ohia flower”] locally, Metrosideros polymorpha scientifically). It exteriorly afflicts the iconic, talismanic tree with browning, yellowing crowns and browning, dead, yellowing leaves; Saturday, June 6, 2009, 09:55, image of "'Ōhiʻa, ʻŌhiʻa lehua, Lehua, Lehua mamo Myrtaceae Endemic to the Hawaiian Islands Oʻahu (Cultivated)": David Eickhoff from Pearl City, Hawaii, USA, CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Wikimedia Commons

Rapid ohia death wilt and The Tourist, season 1 episode 6 Mondays, Nov. 1, 2021, Dec. 20, 2021, and June 6, 2022, on police procedural television series NCIS: Hawai’i act as aliens.

The 6th episode overall, by director Yangzom Braun and writer Amy Rutberg, broaches those who break down even as they believe themselves to be building up. Rapid ohia death wilt conducts itself predatorily, survivalistically through alien, introduced, invasive, non-native Fungi (nucleus-celled organism, from Greek σπόγγος, “sponge” via Latin fungus, “mushroom”) kingdom membership. Ambrosia beetles (Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xyleborus perforans, Xyleborus simillimus) distribute canker-drenched spores deriving from Ascomycota phylum (from Greek ἀσκός μύκης, “sac mushroom”) membership.

Sordariomycetes class (from Latin sordēs -āria, “filth-pertaining” and Greek μύκης, “fungus, mushroom, mushroom-shaped object”) membership entails enduring existing in cankerous frass (from German Fraß, “food, prey”).

The rapid ohia death wilt Ceratocystis lukuohia aggrieves both red- and yellow-flowering varieties of Hawaiian myrtle (from Hawaiian ʻōhiʻa lehua [“ohia flower”] locally, Metrosideros polymorpha scientifically). It interiorly ambushes respective downward- and upward-flowing photosynhetic starches and sugars from plant shoots and soluble minerals and nutrients from plant roots; Wednesday, Sep. 25, 2002, 16:27, image of Metrosideros polymorpha flowers and leaves, Waihee Ridge Trail, West Maui Mountains, Maui County: Forest and Kim Starr (Starr Environmental), CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Flickr

Microascales order (from Greek μικρός ἀσκός, “small [spore-furnishing] tube” and Latin -āles, “-al”) membership furnishes functioning as pathogens flown by ambrosia beetles to future, intended fatalities.

Wounded bark and its woody-plant interiors guard Ceratocystidaceae family (from Latin cērātus, “waxed”; Greek κύστις, “closed anatomical sac, cyst” via Latin cystis; Latin -āceae, “-resembling”) members. The Ceratocystis lukuohia (from Latin cērātus, “waxed”; Greek κύστις, “cyst”; and Hawaiian luku ʻōhiʻa, “to destroy ohia”) genus and species harms only one Hawaiian host species. Rapid ʻōhiʻa death wilt ignores Oahu-inhabiting (from Hawaiian o’ahu, “gathering place”) macropus, rugosa and tremuloides and Kauai-inhabiting (from Hawaiian kaua’i, “place around the neck”) species waialeale.

Ambrosia beetles such as Xyleborus ferrugineus angle into and out of anthropogenic (from Greek ἄνθρωπος ἄνθρωπος, "human -kind") and natural wounds. They annex any rapid ʻōhiʻa death wilt spores to their frass; (from top left) lateral and dorsal views (scale bar: 1.0 mm) of Xyleborus species, X. affinis, X. bispinatus, X. celsus and X. ferrugineus (Figure 15, page 52), in D.F. Gomez, R.J. Rabaglia, K.E.O. Fairbanks and J. Hulcr, "North American Xyleborini north of Mexico: a review and key to genera and species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae)," ZooKeys 768 (June 19, 2018), 19-68: Open Access, CC BY 4.0 International, via Pensoft ZooKeys

Rapid ohia death canker Ceratocystis huliohia (from Hawaiian huli, “to change”) and rapid ohia death wilt Ceratocystis lukuohia journey more than The Tourist on NCIS: Hawai’i.

The introduced relative Ceratocystis fimbriata knows as only host sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas) even as Ceratocystis platani and Ceratocystis uchidae keep only taro (Colocasia esculenta) hosts.

Hawaiian myrtle (from Hawaiian ʻōhiʻa lehua [“ohia flower”] locally, Metrosideros polymorpha scientifically) trees alone lure the rapid ʻōhiʻa death canker and the rapid ʻōhiʻa death wilt. Ceratocystis lukuohia fungi sometimes maintain single-branch and single-limb leaves browning before tree crowns even as they manage such symptoms as crown-browning, crown-yellowing and dead leaf-mounted branches. Rapid ʻōhiʻa death wilt randomly navigates whole stands, unpredictably radiating from affected and dead trees, for maximum mortality at 90-plus percent 2 to 3 years later.

NCIS: Hawaii observed The Tourist Kayla Barlow (Chloe Lanier) offering herself only occasional Oahuan tourism opportunities even as no ohia neighbors oblige rapid ohia death wilt.

Boring beetles such as ambrosia beetles announce their appearances about, around, in Hawaiian myrtle (from Hawaiian ʻōhiʻa lehua [“ohia flower”] locally, Metrosideros polymorpha scientifically) trees through entrance and exit holes and through excrement. Are the fine-structured, fragile frasses assistants in assuring rapid ohia death wilt spores homelands apart from the attacked host tree?; image of wood boring beetle tunnels inside of an ‘ōhi‘a log, with spread of beetle frass (excrement) studied as pathway for movement of fungus causing ROD (Rapid ‘Ōhi‘a Death): Carter T. Atkinson, Research Microbiologist, U.S.G.S. Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center PIERC), Public Domain, via USGS Multimedia Gallery

Rapid ‘ōhi’a death wilt never perturbs akoko (Dracaena), hame (Antidesma), lama (Diospyrus), mamane (Sophora), maua (Xylosma), naio (Myoporum), ‘ohe makai (Reynldsia), olopua (Osmanthus) and wiliwili (Erythrina).

Dead Metrosideros polymorpha (from Greek μήτρα σῐ́δηρος, “womb iron”; and πολυ- μορφή, "many-formed") quarter dark-stained xylem (from Greek ξύλον, “wood”) at sea-level to 8,000-foot (2,438.4-meter) altitudes. Rapid ‘ōhi’a death wilt ravages the shoot-realized photosynthates rendered plantwide by downward-flowing phloem (from Greek φλόος, “bark”) and root-retrieved soluble nutrients rendered plantwide by upward-flowing xylem. Ambrosia beetles; plant-collecting, growing, loving people with canker-spored clothes, equipment, vehicles, wood; and wild ungulates (from Latin ungula -ātus, “clawed, hoofed”) spread rapid ‘ōhi’a death wilt.

Rapid ohia death wilt, unlike The Tourist on NCIS: Hawai’i, threatens Hawaii (from Hawaiian ha wai ‘i, “breath life-force supreme”) since 2014 and Kauai since 2018.

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

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