Adverse Weather Afflicts East Iceland in Outside, Anglicized From Úti

Summary: Adverse weather afflicts East Iceland in Outside, anglicized from Úti, second thriller in the stand-alone novel trio authored by Ragnar Jónasson.

Highland east Iceland abounds with volcanic desert lands that account for black, brown, gray surfaces where rain and snow absent themselves through infiltration- and percolation-assisting subsurfaces. The 400- to 500-meter- (1,312.3- to 1,640.4-foot-) high highlands allow for plant growth only along Hofsjökull ("temple glacier"), Langjökull ("long glacier") and Vatnajökull ("lakes' glacier") glacial rivers. At least one of four friends in Outside, anglicized from Úti, alerts himself, as tour guide and tour company owner-operator, to outdoor alarms against three minutes without oxygen, three hours without shelter from extreme cold or heat, three days without water and three weeks without food; March 20, 2010, Map of Iceland Highlands by Pethrus, derived from 14 Δεκεμβρίου 2006 (December 14, 2006) Map of Iceland by Αντιγόνη: Pethrus, CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons

Adverse weather afflicts East Iceland, where a Reykjavíkingur quartet arrives for ptarmigan-hunting season in Outside, anglicized from Úti, by Victoria Cribb, as second thriller in the stand-alone novel trio by Ragnar Jónasson.

Ármann (“army man, army protection, messenger, protective spirit”), Daníel (“[my] judge is god”), Gunnlaugur (“battle-, fight-dedicated, oathed, promised”) and Helena (“torch”) battle benumbing shelter and weather. The four chums cross from Reykjavík (“smoky bay”) in 1,062.2-square kilometer (410.1-square-mile) Höfuðborgarsvæðið (Romanized Höfudborgarsvaedid, Capital Region) to highland Iceland in 22,721-square-kilometer (8,772.6-square-mile) Austurland (Eastern Region). Thursday night weather forecasts declare Friday through Sunday dazzling days devoid of overcast skies and dry, apart possible precipitation in the eastward, ever more downward temperatures.

Daníel, drama student employed in a London restaurant and few stage plays, expects survivalist farmers, fishers and hunters and wild reindeer on inland moors and mountains.

Daníel, Gunnlaugur, the latter least favorite fellow among the college-formed friends albeit Daníel’s faithful follower, and Helena find gray fjord-formed shorelines, treeless highlands and white-freckled moors.

Perhaps tour guide and tour company owner-operator Ármann alone gauges glaring gaps between November weather guiding Reykjavík topography of coastal coves and peninsulas and highland Iceland. He has Helena, start-up company engineer perhaps honed more in electrical than mechanical engineering, up front in the huge off-roader and second-to-last on the hiking march. Friday he informs his companions of including only one-day provisions within individual backpacks and perhaps of ingesting glacier-river and snow-melt water for Saturday and Sunday ptarmigan-hunting.

Barren topography, blinding snowfall, blizzard cold and blustery winds jostle the highland east Iceland journeys away from ptarmigan-hunting and toward shelter-seeking in Outside, anglicized from Úti.

Perhaps only Ármann of the club- and pub-loving four knew about the blizzards, snowstorms and windstorms that keep highland east Iceland uninhabitable for about 1,400-plus years.

Atlantic brash, drift, pack ice led by atmospheric winds and open-water currents launched low temperatures in coastal and inland Iceland during the Little Ice Age (1250-1900). Atmospheric, land and water ash from Lakagígar (“[heathen-god game] Laki’s Craters”) eruptions in 1783 and sea ice massed around Iceland meant closed harbors and halved populations. The Halaveðrið (Romanized Halavedrid, “storm, weather”) event numbers among the nasty windstorms over Atlantic Ocean, Denmark Strait, Greenland Sea and Norwegian Sea waters around coastal Iceland.

Perhaps Ármann in Outside, anglicized from Úti, obsesses over such possible, probable, actual Iceland-oriented adverse weather as Halavedrid (Feb. 7-8, 1925) overturning two 60-plus manned trawlers.

The Greenhouse low and Iceland storm (Feb. 3, 1991) prompted Vestmannaeyjar’s (Westman Islands) 200-kilometer (124.3-mile) winds, 220-kilometer (136.7-mile) gusts and Reykjavík’s 150-kilometer (93.2-mile) gusts per hour.

Storm Diddú (“sissie”) qualifies as the quintessential windstorm, quantified with maximum 261-kilometer (162.2-mile) gusts per hour, at the Hallormsstaðaháls (Romanized Hallormsstadaháls) weather station in East Iceland. It respects the Reykjavík City Council rendering, since November 2015, revered Icelandic female singers – such as Andrea Gylfadóttir, Björk, Sigrún “Diddú” Hjálmtýsdóttir -- as severe-weather names. Extratropical cyclone windstorm Dennis (Feb. 13-19, 2020), less severe than Diddú, severer than Greenland low, struck coasts and interiors with maximum 230-kilometer (140-mile) gusts per hour.

Abandoned housing, adverse weather, antagonistic topography and avenging angels trouble a quartet, turned into a quintet, as terminally indoors as outdoors in Outside, anglicized from Úti.

A little plane, a massive off-roader and a hiking march account for four friends in Outside, anglicized from Úti, accessing a sæluhús (Romanized saeluhús, hospice, refuge hut, "bliss house" literally) some 350 kilometers (217.48 miles) eastward of Reykjavík ("smoky bay"). The off-road vehicle (OFV) allows ample leg room after an awkward airplane flight and before an awful hike in an anquishing highland snowstorm; Friday, December 27, 2013, 11:49:39, image of Superjeep (middle) in between Reykjavik Excursions flybus and car: Anthony Inswasty, CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication

This post is dedicated to the memory of our beloved blue-eyed brother, Charles, who guided the creation of the Met Opera and Astronomy posts on Earth and Space News. We memorialized our brother in "Our Beloved Blue-Eyed Brother, Charles, With Whom We Are Well Pleased," published on Earth and Space News on Thursday, Nov. 18, 2021, an anniversary of our beloved father's death.

Image credits:

Highland east Iceland abounds with volcanic desert lands that account for black, brown, gray surfaces where rain and snow absent themselves through infiltration- and percolation-assisting subsurfaces. The 400- to 500-meter- (1,312.3- to 1,640.4-foot-) high highlands allow for plant growth only along Hofsjökull ("temple glacier"), Langjökull ("long glacier") and Vatnajökull ("lakes' glacier") glacial rivers. At least one of four friends in Outside, anglicized from Úti, alerts himself, as tour guide and tour company owner-operator, to outdoor alarms against three minutes without oxygen, three hours without shelter from extreme cold or heat, three days without water and three weeks without food; March 20, 2010, Map of Iceland Highlands by Pethrus, derived from 14 Δεκεμβρίου 2006 (December 14, 2006) Map of Iceland by Αντιγόνη: Pethrus, CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Map_of_Iceland_highlands-en.svg

A little plane, a massive off-roader and a hiking march account for four friends in Outside, anglicized from Úti, accessing a sæluhús (Romanized saeluhús, hospice, refuge hut, "bliss house" literally) some 350 kilometers (217.48 miles) eastward of Reykjavík ("smoky bay"). The off-road vehicle (OFV) allows ample leg room after an awkward airplane flight and before an awful hike in an anquishing highland snowstorm; Friday, December 27, 2013, 11:49:39, image of Superjeep (middle) in between Reykjavik Excursions flybus and car: Anthony Inswasty, CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Superjeep,_Reykjavik,_Iceland.jpg

For further information:

"About Us." Westfjords Winery.
Available @ https://www.fjordswinery.com/aboutus

Amazing Places. 21 August 2012. "Ellidaey Island (Elliðaey), Iceland." Amazing Places on Earth, Places to Visit > Europe.
Available @ https://amazingplacesonearth.com/ellidaey-island-ellidaey-iceland/

Árnað heilla. 28 August 2015. "Freysteinn Gunnarsson." mbl.is > The People > Means Icelanders.
Available @ https://www-mbl-is.translate.goog/greinasafn/grein/1565665/?_x_tr_sl=is&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc

Baicich, Paul J.; and Colin J.O. Harrison. 2005. "Rock Ptarmigan (Lagopus mutus)." Pages 109-110. In: Nests, Eggs, and Nestlings of North American Birds. Princeton Field Guides. Second edition. Princeton NJ USA; and Oxford UK: Princeton University Press.

Bernard, Kristine. 6 August 2020. "The Top Coffee-Consuming Countries." Worldatlas.com.
Available @ https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/top-10-coffee-consuming-nations.html

Bjarnadóttir-Covert, Ásta; and Will Covert. "Bessa: bear." Flying C Ranch Icelandic Horses > Site Map > Sales > Icelandic Horse Names > B. Copyright 2004-2021.
Available @ https://www.tolt.net/names.html#b

Blackie, C. “Scale, Skali (Scand.), Sheal, Shealing (Scotch), a hut or shed; e.g. Scalby, Scaleby (hut town); Scalloway (the huts on the bay, vig), Shetland; Galashiels (the huts on the R. Gala); Biggarshiels (the huts near the town of Biggar); Shields, North and South, originally a collection of fishermen’s huts; but as scald, in the Scandinavian language means a bard, that word is likely to form an element in the names of places; Scalewell in probably the bard’s well; Skalholt, in Iceland, may be the bard’s hill.” Pages 141-142. In: C. Blackie, Etymological Dictionary. With an Introduction by John Stuart Blackie. Second Edition. London [England, UK]: Daldy, Isbister, & Co., 1876.
Available via Google Books @ https://books.google.com/books?id=Wf4xAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA142

Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopedia. 8 January 2022. "Einar Benediktsson." Encyclopedia Britannica.
Available @ https://www.britannica.com/biography/Einar-Benediktsson

CarlDennis. "Freysteinn Gunnarsson." SecondHandSongs > Database > Artists > Search. Copyright 2003-2022.
Available @ https://secondhandsongs.com/artist/133401

Casey, Brendan. 31 December 2020. "World's Loneliest House: Home on Island Near Iceland Is One of Most Isolated Properties in the Globe." realestate.com.au > News.
Available @ https://www.realestate.com.au/news/worlds-loneliest-house-home-on-island-near-iceland-is-one-of-most-isolated-properties-in-the-globe/

Chantegrel, Géraldine. "Jeux de mots glacés: entretien avec Jean-Christophe Salaün." Pages 131-137. In: Traduire 246/2015 Intraduisible? Vous voulez rire! OpenEdition Journals.
Available @ https://journals.openedition.org/traduire/711

Choi, Sophia. 31 August 2015. “Food for Thought: The Icelandic Apple.” ThisIsMold.com > Process > Manufacture > Nutrition.
Available @ https://thisismold.com/process/manufacture/food-for-thought-the-icelandic-apple

Cole, Cathy G. 10 June 2019. "Ragnar Jónasson at The Poisoned Pen!" Kittling: Books > Authors at The Poisoned Pen > J > Jónasson, Ragnar.
Available @ https://www.kittlingbooks.com/2019/06/ragnar-jonasson-at-poisoned-pen.html

Crowden, James. 24 October 2009. “Icelandic Apples.” Fruit Forum edited by Joan Morgan > Articles.
Available @ http://www.fruitforum.net/articles/icelandic-apples/

"David Warriner, Literary Translator (French to English)." Traduction W Translation Inc > W Translation.
Available @ https://wtranslation.ca/en/#header

DeMarco, Amanda. 11 October 2011. "Bjartur-Verold: Selling Icelandic Literature Abroad." Publishing Perspectives > Frankfurt 2011.
Available @ https://publishingperspectives.com/2011/10/bjartur-verold-selling-icelandic-literature-abroad/

"The Distillery." 64° Reykjavik Distillery.
Available @ https://reykjavikdistillery.is/#DISTILLERY

Ebert, Dick. 2022. "Einar Benediktsson Statue in Reykjavík, Iceland." Encircle Photos.
Available @ https://www.encirclephotos.com/image/einar-benediktsson-statue-in-reykjavik-iceland/

"Einarsson, S - Fjallkonan (Freysteinn Gunnarsson)." prestomusic > Classical > Works > Browse. Copyright 2022.
Available @ https://www.prestomusic.com/classical/works/12470--einarsson-s-fjallkonan-freysteinn-gunnarsson/browsebr />

Elefsen, Anita; Steinunn M. Sveinsdóttir; Örlygur Kristfinnsson; Quentin Bates. 2018. Siglufjörður-Ljósmyndir/Photographs 1872-2018. Síldarminjasafn Íslands.

Flatley, Louise. 29 March 2019. "Story Behind the Tiny House on a Remote Icelandic Island." The Vintage News > News > 2019/03/29.
Available @ https://www.thevintagenews.com/2019/03/29/isolated-island-in-iceland/

Flosas, Hörður. 21 February 2021. "Jóhann Jónsson." Find a Grave > Memorials > Region > Europe > Iceland > Vesturland > Ólafsvíkurkirkjugarður. Memorial 223356907 by Contributor 47560915.
Available @ https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/223356907/j%C3%B3hann-j%C3%B3nsson

“Freysteinn Gunnarsson.” Geni > People > Search Ancestors. Copyright 2002-2022.
Available @ https://www-geni-com.translate.goog/people/Freysteinn-Gunnarsson/6000000031385382172?_x_tr_sl=is&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc

"Gráskeggur means Greybeard." Graskeggur.
Available @ https://graskeggur.com/

Guðmundsson, Magnús. 30 October 2018. "One of Those Eccentrics Who Come to Iceland and Fall in Love with the Language." Icelandic Literature Center > News.
Available @ https://www.islit.is/en/news/one-of-these-eccentrics-who-came-to-iceland-and-fell-in-love-with-the-language

Gunnarsdóttir, Halla. "Sculpture/Halla Gunnarsdóttir." Pinterest.
Available @ https://www.pinterest.com/HallaGunnarsdottir/sculpturehalla-gunnarsd%C3%B3ttir/

"Gunnarsson, Freysteinn." World Cat Identities. Copyright 2022.
Available @ http://www.worldcat.org/identities/viaf-177938357/

Hálfdánarson, Guðmundur. 2008. Historical Dictionary of Iceland. Second Edition. Lanham MD: Scarecrow Press, Inc., subsidiary of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc.
Available @ https://www.google.com/books/edition/Historical_Dictionary_of_Iceland/uoIG6bbP32IC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PR17&printsec=frontcover

"Halla Gunnarsdóttir." Facebook.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/hallagunnars/

"Halla Gunnarsdóttir." Listasafn > English.
Available @ https://listasafnreykjavikur.is/en/artist/halla-gunnarsdottir

"Halla Gunnarsdóttir." Saatchi Art.
Available @ https://www.saatchiart.com/hallagunnars

"hallagunnarsdottir." Instagram.
Available @ https://www.instagram.com/hallagunnarsdottir/?hl=en

Hermannsson, Halldór. 1924. “Jón Guðmundsson and His Natural History of Iceland.” Islandica: An Annual Relating to Iceland and the Fiske Icelandic Collection in Cornell University Library, Vol. XV. Ithaca NY: Cornell University Library.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/IslandicaAnnual15/page/n11/mode/2up

Höfundar Wikipediu. 6 mars 2021. "Einar Benediktsson". Wikipedia, Frjálsa alfræðiritið.
Available @ https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einar_Benediktsson

“The Icelandic Apple.” Domus > En > News > 06 Jul 2015 > The Icelandic Apple Abstract.
Available @ https://www.domusweb.it/en/news/2015/07/06/the_icelandic_apple.html

Irujo, Xabier; and Viola Miglio. (Eds.) Jón Gudmundsson Laerdi’s True Account and the Massacre of Basque Whalers in Iceland in 1615. Reno NV: Center for Basque Studies, University of Nevada.

Jain, Sanya. 18 December 2020. "The Story Behind the 'World's Loneliest House'." NDTV > Offbeat.
Available @ https://www.ndtv.com/offbeat/the-story-behind-the-worlds-loneliest-house-2340575

"Jean-Christophe Salaün." Icelandic Literature Center > Translators.
Available @ https://www.islit.is/en/translators/jacek-godek-1

Jónasson, Ragnar. 2022. Outside. Translation of Úti (2021) by Victoria Cribb. New York NY: Minotaur Books, June 28, 2022.

Jónasson, Ragnar. 2021. The Girl Who Died. Translation of Þorpið (2018) by Victoria Cribb. New York NY: Minotaur Books, May 4, 2021.

Jónasson, Ragnar. 2021. Winterkill. Dark Iceland (Ari Thor) series, book 6. Translation of Sigló (2020), French edition of Vetrarmein (2020) by David Warriner. New York NY: Minotaur Books, March 1, 2021.

Jónasson, Ragnar. 2020. The Mist. Hidden Iceland (Hulda) series, book 3. Translation of Mistur (2017) by Victoria Cribb. New York NY: Minotaur Books, June 23, 2020.

Jónasson, Ragnar. 2020. Whiteout. Dark Iceland (Ari Thor) series, book 5. Translation of Andköf (2013) by Quentin Bates. London UK: Orenda Books, Jan. 1, 2020.

Jónasson, Ragnar. 2019. The Island. Hidden Iceland (Hulda) series, book 2. Translation of Drungi (2016) by Victoria Cribb. New York NY: Minotaur Books, May 21, 2019.

Jónasson, Ragnar. 2019. The Rupture. Dark Iceland (Ari Thor) series, book 4. Translation of Rof (2012) by Quentin Bates. New York NY: Minotaur Books, Jan. 22, 2019.

Jónasson, Ragnar. 2018. The Darkness. Hidden Iceland (Hulda) series, book 1. Translation of Dimma (2015) by Victoria Cribb. New York NY: Minotaur Books, Oct. 16, 2018.

Jónasson, Ragnar. 2018. Blackout. Dark Iceland (Ari Thor) series, book 3. Translation of Myrknætti (2011) by Quentin Bates. New York NY: Minotaur Books, Aug. 28, 2018.

Jónasson, Ragnar. 2017. Nightblind. Dark Iceland (Ari Thor) series, book 2. Translation of Náttblinda (2014) by Quentin Bates. New York NY: Minotaur Books, December 5, 2017.

Jónasson, Ragnar. 2017. Whiteout. Dark Iceland (Ari Thor) series, book 5. Translation of Andköf (2013) by Quentin Bates. London UK: Orenda Books, Nov. 1, 2017.

Jónasson, Ragnar. 2017. Snowblind. Dark Iceland (Ari Thor) series, book 1. Translation of Snjóblinda (2010) by Quentin Bates. New York NY: Minotaur Books, Jan. 31, 2017.

Laxness, Halldór. "16 Icelandic Pioneer from Independent People (1934)." Pages 134-144. In: Kolbert, Elizabeth. (Ed.) 2007. The Ends of the Earth: Anthology of the Finest Writing on the Arctic. New York NY: Bloomsbury USA.

Liles, Jordan. 12 November 2021. "The 'World's Loneliest House': Elliðaey’s Myths Debunked." Snopes Media Group Inc. > Fact Checks > Viral Phenomena.
Available @ https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/worlds-loneliest-house-ellidaey/

Lindley, John. 1835. "12. Platanthera hyperborea." Page 287. In: The Genera and Species of Orchidaceous Plants. London (England): Ridgways, April 1830 to October 1840.
Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/393547

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 June 2022. "Mistur, Anglicized The Mist, Appends The Silence of the Falling Snow." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/06/mistur-anglicized-mist-appends-silence.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 June 2022. "Mistur, as The Mist, Appends Christmas Apples by Katrín Guðjónsdóttir." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/06/mistur-as-mist-appends-christmas-apples.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 June 2022. "Mistur, anglicized The Mist, Accumulates Icelandic Names and Words." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/06/mistur-anglicized-mist-accumulates.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 May 2022. "Hulda Ate Icelandic Food Christmas Eve in Mistur, Anglicized The Mist." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/05/hulda-ate-icelandic-food-christmas-eve.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 May 2022. "Mistur, Anglicized The Mist, Acknowledges Halldór Laxness at Christmas." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/05/mistur-anglicized-mist-acknowledges.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 May 2022. "Mistur, Anglicized as The Mist, Acquaints Us With Olaf Olafsson." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/05/mistur-anglicized-as-mist-acquaints-us.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 May 2022. "Accidental and Violent Deaths Aggrieve Mistur, Anglicized as The Mist." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/05/accidental-and-violent-deaths-aggrieve.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 May 2022. "Mistur, Anglicized as The Mist, Angles Ring Road Along Coastal Iceland." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/05/mistur-anglicized-as-mist-angles-ring.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 April 2022. "Drungi, Anglicized The Island, Accumulates Icelandic Names and Words." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/04/drungi-anglicized-island-accumulates.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 April 2022. "Drungi, Anglicized The Island, Allows Icelandic Cuisine Takeout Pizza." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/04/drungi-anglicized-island-allows.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 April 2022. "Drungi, Anglicized as The Island, Acquaints Us With Bessastadir." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/04/drungi-anglicized-as-island-acquaints.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 April 2022. "Drungi, Anglicized as The Island, Asks What Einar Benediktsson Avers." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/04/drungi-anglicized-as-island-asks-what.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 March 2022. "Seven Deaths Afflict One Detective in Drungi, Anglicized as The Island." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/03/seven-deaths-afflict-one-detective-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 March 2022. "Fjords and Isles Are Accessible in Drungi, Anglicized as The Island." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/03/fjords-and-isles-are-accessible-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 March 2022. "Dimma, Anglicized The Darkness, Accumulates Icelandic Names and Words." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/03/dimma-anglicized-darkness-accumulates.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 March 2022. "Icelandic Cuisine Americanizes Dimma, Anglicized as The Darkness." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/03/icelandic-cuisine-americanizes-dimma.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 March 2022. "Dimma, Anglicized as The Darkness, Accesses Bishop Jón Vídalín For Us." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/03/dimma-anglicized-as-darkness-accesses.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 February 2022. "Dimma, Anglicized as The Darkness, Acquaints Us With Tomás Gudmundsson." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/02/dimma-anglicized-as-darkness-acquaints.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 February 2022. "Not All Are Accounted For in Dimma, Anglicized as The Darkness." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/02/not-all-are-accounted-for-in-dimma.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 February 2022. "Driving and Walking Tours Acquit Dimma, Anglicized as The Darkness." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/02/driving-and-walking-tours-acquit-dimma.html

Missouri Botanical Garden. "Platanthera hyperborea (L.) Lindl. Missouri Botanical Garden > Tropicos > Name Search > Name 23503083. Copyright 2022.
Available @ http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/23503083

Nilsson, Magnus. 2015. The Nordic Cookbook. London, England, UK: Phaidon Press Limited; and New York NY: Phaidon Press Inc.

"107. Jóhann Jónsson." Legstaðaleit > Ólafsvíkurkirkjugarður, Ólafsvík, Ísland > All Burials - Ólafsvíkurkirkjugarður, Ólafsvík, Ísland. Last modified 5 June 2021.
Available @ https://www.legstadaleit.com/tng/showmap.php?cemeteryID=204&tree=Tree2

"117. Jón þorsteinsson." Legstaðaleit > Ólafsvíkurkirkjugarður, Ólafsvík, Ísland > All Burials - Ólafsvíkurkirkjugarður, Ólafsvík, Ísland. Last modified 6 June 2021.
Available @ https://www.legstadaleit.com/tng/showmap.php?cemeteryID=204&tree=Tree2

"Our Distillery." Eimverk Distillery.
Available @ https://www.flokiwhisky.is/story

Page 17 Media LLC. "The Truth Behind Iceland's Most Secluded House." Spot Cool Stuff > Travel > Iceland.
Available @ http://travel.spotcoolstuff.com/iceland/secluded-architecture/ellidaey-island

Park, William. 27 February 2020. "The man who refused to freeze to death." BBC > BBC Future > Worst Case Scenario > Death. Copyrighted 2023 by BBC.
Available @ https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200226-how-to-survive-in-the-extreme-cold

Plassard, Freddie. "Lauréat 2014: Jean-Christophe Salaün." Page 130. In: Traduire 232/2015 Intraduisible? Vous voulez rire! OpenEdition Journals.
Available @ https://journals.openedition.org/traduire/710?lang=en

"Quentin Bates." Orenda Books > Translators.
Available @ https://orendabooks.co.uk/translators/quentin-bates

"Ragnar Jonasson." Ragnar Jonasson.com > About the Author.
Available @ http://ragnar-jonasson.squarespace.com/new-page

Ruppenstein, Andrew. 12 July 2017. "Einar Benediktsson." The Historical Marker Database > Search.
Available @ https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=105383

Sigurðsson, Ólafur. January 2020. Niðjatal Björn G. Blöndals, læknis á Siglufirði og víðar, f. 19. sept. 1865, og Sigríðar Möller, f. 16. mars 1865.
Available @ https://www.olisig.is/aettfraedi/pdf_nidjatal/bjorn_g_blondal-nidjatal-2020.pdf

Tapalaga, Andrei. 18 January 2021. "The Story Behind a Lone House in the Middle of Elliðaey Island." History of Yesterday.
Available @ https://historyofyesterday.com/the-story-behind-a-lone-house-in-the-middle-of-elli%C3%B0aey-island-529309b9cc22

Tómas, Ragnar. 1 October 2021. "Nína Tryggvadóttir Museum Founded After Generous Donation." IcelandReview > News.
Available @ https://www.icelandreview.com/news/agreement-to-establish-the-nina-tryggvadottir-art-museum-signed/

"209. Steinunn Kristjánsdóttir." Legstaðaleit > Ólafsvíkurkirkjugarður, Ólafsvík, Ísland > All Burials - Ólafsvíkurkirkjugarður, Ólafsvík, Ísland. Last modified 12 June 2021.
Available @ https://www.legstadaleit.com/tng/showmap.php?cemeteryID=204&tree=Tree2

"Victoria Cribb." WordsWithoutBorders > Contributors.
Available @ https://wordswithoutborders.org/contributors/view/victoria-cribb/

Wikipedia contributors. 23 February 2021. "Einar Benediktsson." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.
Available @ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einar_Benediktsson

Wunderman, Ali. 11 October 2019. "The Interesting Story Behind Iceland's Unusual Spirits." Liquor > Spirits > Spirits & Liqueurs > More Spirits.
Available @ https://www.liquor.com/articles/iceland-opal-topas/

Zoëga, Geir T. 1910. A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic. Reprinted 1926, 1942, 1952, 1961, 1965, 1967. Oxford at the Clarendon Press. London, England, UK: Oxford University Press.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/concisedictionar001857/page/n5/mode/2up