Earth and Space News: Satdhara Buddhist Monuments Perhaps Archive Ancient Building Rituals

Summary: Satdhara Buddhist monuments perhaps archive ancient building rituals, according to Major General Sir Alexander Cunningham in 1854 in The Bhilsa Topes.

Satdhara Buddhist monuments perhaps archive ancient relic rituals, according to Major General Sir Alexander Cunningham in 1854 in The Bhilsa Topes, his book about Buddhist architecture and relics at Sanchi-area excavated sites.

Cunningham Chapter XIII brings proximitous Bhojpur, Sanchi, Satdhara and Sonari topes (stupa, from Sanskrit स्तूप, “[relic-bearing] mound” via Pali thūpa) into Building and Dedication of Topes. It perhaps connects Satdhara closer than Bhojpur (from Hindi भोज्, “banquet” and पूर, “town”) and Sonari (Suvarnari, from Sanskrit सुवर्ण, "golden" and अरि, “wheel”) to Sanchi. Sanchi topes distance themselves respectively 5.59 miles (9 kilometers) west, 6.21 miles (10 kilometers) northeast, 6.84 miles (11 kilometers) northwest of Satdhara, Sonari and Bhojpur topes.

The Cunningham explanations encompass nothing in Chapter XIII about Andher (from Hindi अंधेर, "chaos") just 11.81 miles (19 kilometers) southeast of Sanchi (from Sanskrit शान्, “calmness”).

Andher, Bhojpur, Sanchi, Satdhara (from Hindi सात, “seven” and धारा, “streams”) and Sonari Buddhists (from Sanskrit बुद्ध, "awakened") formed five-into-one, one-from-five sangha (from Sanskrit संघ, “multitude").

Mauryan (from Sanskrit मोर, “peacock”) Emperor (268 BCE?-232 BCE?) Ashoka (from Sanskrit अशोक, “sorrow-free”) perhaps galvanized Andher, Bhojpur, Sanchi, Satdhara and Sonari construction and relic rituals. The Sanchi sangha housed Ashoka’s first wife, Devi (from Sanskrit देवी, "goddess"), close relative of Siddhartha Gautama (from Sanskrit सिद्धार्थ, “successful” and गौतम, “light[-dispelling] darkness”) Buddha. Perhaps ancient pre-construction, post-construction, relic and post-relic rituals involved Ashoka itinerating with cloth and garland offerings, dancers and musicians, ministers and troops to the five communities.

A power-holder or a wealth-holder journeyed, before perhaps Ashoka journeyed for ancient building rituals, to the Buddhist site judged judicious for the subsequent Satdhara Buddhist monuments.

Buddhist religious instruction and spiritual practice kindled Buddhist believers and practitioners knowing about Buddhist asthi avashesh (from Sanskrit अस्थि, “bone” and अवशेष, “remainder”) and sangha sites.

A power- or wealth-holder located a compulsory, forced, unpaid crew for an inscribed stone pillar of construction intent until the ceremonial laying of the foundation stone. A full-moon morning perhaps Ashoka mounted the Satdhara hill to the above-mentioned stone pillar with his ministers and troops; and with processional dancers, musicians and singers. He needed to nestle 1,008 “suits of clothing” (1854: page 171) onto the site center, alongside three discs and seven courses, and onto its four sides.

Ancient building rituals at subsequent Satdhara Buddhist monuments occasioned offering bowed obeisances to bhikshu (from Sanskrit भिक्षु, “religious mendicant”) observers originating from “principal monastic establishments” (1854:171).

Ashoka perambulated the boulder-, boulderlike- brass-, brick-, cement-, clay-, cloth-, common stone-, garland-, incense-, iron-, ruby-, silver-piled center where cloth “pieces” (1854:173) penned bricks penning vases.

Eight gold and silver bricks quartered 8 gold and silver bricks quartering 108 cloths quartering 108 earthen vases until Ashoka and his ministers queued them nearby. Indian jessamine (from Sanskrit jātī जाती [Jasminum sambac scientifically]) flowers rendered a “fragrant cement” (1854:172) into which Ashoka and his ministers removed gold and silver bricks. Ashoka sketched more bowed obeisances to bhikshu attendees and spread more offerings on the intended site’s four sides before standing in the holy space’s northeast spot.

Ancient relic rituals at subsequent Satdhara Buddhist monuments terminated with sthavira chanting Gautama Buddha’s jayamangala (joyful hymn, from Sanskrit जयमङ्गल, “auspicious victory”) about transforming into Buddha.

vihara (Sanskrit: विहार, vihāra, "monastery; temple") wall on grounds of Satdhara Buddhist stupa complex; around Satdhara Stupa No. 1, ". . . there are three . . . remarkable solid masses of buildings . . .", with the first "half engaged in the northern wall of courtyard," the second "immediately outside the western wall of the court-yard," and the third "in a more perfect state . . . due west from the second, and on the very edge of the cliff overhanging the river" (Cunningham, 1854: 322); Saturday, Feb. 25, 2017, 09:06: Photo Dharma from Sadao, Thailand, CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

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Marriner, Derdriu. 22 April 2022. "Sanchi Buddhist Monuments Perhaps Archive Ancient Building Rituals." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/04/sanchi-buddhist-monuments-perhaps.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 April 2022. "Sonari Buddhist Monuments Are Not UNESCO WHC Sites With Sanchi Topes." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/04/sonari-buddhist-monuments-are-not.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 April 2022. "Sonari Buddhist Monuments, Like Sanchi Buddhist Monuments, Are Storied." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/04/sonari-buddhist-monuments-like-sanchi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 April 2022. "Katyayana Perhaps Admired Satdhara Buddhist Monuments More Than Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/04/katyayana-perhaps-admired-satdhara.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 March 2022. "Satdhara Buddhist Monuments Are Sparser Than Sanchi Buddhist Monuments." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/03/satdhara-buddhist-monuments-are-sparser.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 March 2022. "Bhojpur Buddhist Monuments and Sanchi Buddhist Monuments Are Taciturn." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/03/bhojpur-buddhist-monuments-and-sanchi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 March 2022. "Bhojpur Buddhist Monuments Are as Chary as Sanchi Buddhist Monuments." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/03/bhojpur-buddhist-monuments-are-as-chary.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 March 2022. "Some Bhojpur Buddhist Monuments and Sanchi Buddhist Monuments Are Mute." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/03/some-bhojpur-buddhist-monuments-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 February 2022. "Bhojpur Buddhist Monuments and Sanchi Buddhist Monuments Are Secretive." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/02/bhojpur-buddhist-monuments-and-sanchi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 February 2022. "Bhojpur Buddhist Monuments Are Like, Unlike Sanchi Buddhist Monuments." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/02/bhojpur-buddhist-monuments-are-like.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 February 2022. "Bhojpur Buddhist Monuments Not Sanchi Buddhist Monuments Are A Village." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/02/bhojpur-buddhist-monuments-not-sanchi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 February 2022. "Andher Buddhist Monuments Add to Donors at Sanchi Buddhist Monuments." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/02/andher-buddhist-monuments-add-to-donors.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 January 2022. "Andher Buddhist Monuments Answer What Sanchi Buddhist Monuments Ask." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/01/andher-buddhist-monuments-answer-what.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 January 2022. "Andher Buddhist Monuments Acquaint Us With Sanchi Buddhist Monuments." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/01/andher-buddhist-monuments-acquaint-us.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 January 2022. "Acquaintance With Sanskrit Acquaints Us With Sanchi Buddhist Monuments." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/01/acquaintance-with-sanskrit-acquaints-us.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 January 2022. "Appreciating Sanskrit Aids in Appreciating Sanchi Buddhist Monuments." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/01/appreciating-sanskrit-aids-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 December 2021. "Unknown Ashes Perhaps Known at Sanchi Buddhist Monuments Are at Sonari." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/12/unknown-ashes-perhaps-known-at-sanchi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 December 2021. "Unknown Ashes Maybe Known at Sanchi Buddhist Monuments Are at Satdhara." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/12/unknown-ashes-maybe-known-at-sanchi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 December 2021. "Unknown Bones in Bhojpur Maybe Are Known in Sanchi Buddhist Monuments." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/12/unknown-bones-in-bhojpur-maybe-are.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 December 2021. "Unknown Relics in Bhojpur Maybe Are Known in Sanchi Buddhist Monuments." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/12/unknown-relics-in-bhojpur-maybe-are.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 December 2021. "Unknown Bones at Bhojpur Maybe Are Known to Sanchi Buddhist Monuments." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/12/unknown-bones-at-bhojpur-maybe-are.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 November 2021. "Unknown Bones Maybe Known at Sanchi Buddhist Monuments Are at Bhojpur." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/11/unknown-bones-maybe-known-at-sanchi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 November 2021. "Unknown Ashes Maybe Known to Sanchi Buddhist Monuments Are at Bhojpur." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/11/unknown-ashes-maybe-known-to-sanchi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 November 2021. "Unknown Ashes Perhaps Known in Sanchi Buddhist Monuments Are at Andher." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/11/unknown-ashes-perhaps-known-in-sanchi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 November 2021. "Kusum Lac Trees Perhaps Anciently Aided Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/11/kusum-lac-trees-perhaps-anciently-aided.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 October 2021. "Palas Flame-of-the-Forest Trees Assisted Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/10/palas-flame-of-forest-trees-assisted.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 October 2021. "Ber Indian Plum Trees Anciently Assisted Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/10/ber-indian-plum-trees-anciently.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 October 2021. "Tasar Silk Perhaps Anciently Adorned Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/10/tasar-silk-perhaps-anciently-adorned.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 October 2021. "Tasar Silkworms Perhaps Assembled Around Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/10/tasar-silkworms-perhaps-assembled.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 October 2021. "Lac Scale Insects Archived Bone Relics in Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/10/lac-scale-insects-archived-bone-relics.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 September 2021. "Kaundinya Aided Buddhist Beginnings and Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/09/kaundinya-aided-buddhist-beginnings-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 September 2021. "Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi Accommodated Kaundinyaputra Relics." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/09/buddhist-monuments-at-sanchi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 September 2021. "Gotiputra Relics Awed Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi, Sonari and Andher." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/09/gotiputra-relics-awed-buddhist.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 September 2021. "Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and Sonari Accommodated Alabagira Relics." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/09/buddhist-monuments-at-sanchi-and-sonari.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 August 2021. "Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and Sonari Assembled Kaushikiputra Relics." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/08/buddhist-monuments-at-sanchi-and-sonari_01344963409.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 August 2021. "Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and Sonari Accommodated Madhyama Relics." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/08/buddhist-monuments-at-sanchi-and-sonari.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 August 2021. "Kasyapa Gotra Relics Abided in Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and Sonari." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/08/kasyapa-gotra-relics-abided-in-buddhist.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 August 2021. "Buddha Relics Awed Sonari and Bhojpur If Not Sanchi Buddhist Monuments." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/08/buddha-relics-awed-sonari-and-bhojpur.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 July 2021. "Buddha Relics Awed Bhojpur and Sonari If Not Sanchi Buddhist Monuments." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/07/buddha-relics-awed-bhojpur-and-sonari.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 July 2021. "Sanchi Buddhist Monuments Admitted No Upahitaka Relics From Bhojpur." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/07/sanchi-buddhist-monuments-admitted-no_0682265518.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 July 2021. "Sanchi Buddhist Monuments Admitted No Patitya Allusions From Bhojpur." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/07/sanchi-buddhist-monuments-admitted-no.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 July 2021. "Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and Andher Archived Haritiputra Relics." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/07/buddhist-monuments-at-sanchi-and-andher.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 July 2021. "John Marshall Added Khirni Trees Around Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/07/john-marshall-added-khirni-trees-around.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 June 2021. "Mango Trees Appeal to Kakanava Koels and Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/06/mango-trees-appeal-to-kakanava-koels.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 June 2021. "Teak Trees Attracted Kakanava Crows to Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/06/teak-trees-attracted-kakanava-crows-to.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 June 2021. "Kakanava Crows, Koels and Trees Antedated Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/06/kakanava-crows-koels-and-trees.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 June 2021. "Asian Koels, Like Crows, Actuated the Ancient Name Kakanava for Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/06/asian-koels-like-crows-actuated-ancient.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 May 2021. "Indian Jungle Crows Abided Amply at Sanchi, Anciently Named Kakanava." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/05/indian-jungle-crows-abided-amply-at.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 May 2021. "Indian Crows Abounded There So Sanchi Answered to the Name Kakanava." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/05/indian-crows-abounded-there-so-sanchi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 May 2021. "Kakanava Prabhasana Relics Age Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and Andher." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/05/kakanava-prabhasana-relics-age-buddhist.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 May 2021. "Vachiputra Relics Age Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and at Andher." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/05/vachiputra-relics-age-buddhist.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 April 2021. "Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and Andher Age Maudgalaputra Tishya Relics." Earth and Space News. Friday
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/04/buddhist-monuments-at-sanchi-and-andher.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 April 2021. "Satdhara Relics Awed Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi, Colombo and Yangon." Earth and Space News. Friday
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/04/satdhara-relics-awed-buddhist-monuments.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 April 2021. "Kaba Aye and Sanchi Hill Admit Walking Meditations of Thich Nhat Hanh." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/04/kaba-aye-and-sanchi-hill-admit-walking.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 April 2021. "Sanchi and Maha Bodhi Society Admit Thich Nhat Hanh Walking Meditations." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/04/sanchi-and-maha-bodhi-society-admit.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 April 2021. "Indra’s Net Avails Kaba Aye Pagoda of Buddhist Monuments on Sanchi Hill." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/04/indras-net-avails-kaba-aye-pagoda-of.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 March 2021. "Indra’s Net Admits Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and Maha Bodhi Society." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/indras-net-admits-buddhist-monuments-at.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 March 2021. "Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and Sadthara Archived Disciple Bones." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/buddhist-monuments-at-sanchi-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 March 2021. "Chetiyagiri Vihara Adds Auspiciousness to Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/chetiyagiri-vihara-adds-auspiciousness.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 March 2021. "Maudgalyayana Aims Psychic Powers at Buddhist Monuments on Sanchi Hill." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/maudgalyayana-aims-psychic-powers-at.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 February 2021. "Shariputra Abides Auspiciously Amid Buddhist Monuments on Sanchi Hill." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/shariputra-abides-auspiciously-amid.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 February 2021. "Sanchi Hill Buddhist Monuments Are Oldest Buddhist World Heritage Site." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/sanchi-hill-buddhist-monuments-are_19.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 February 2021. "Sanchi Hill Buddhist Monuments Are World Heritage Site 14 in India." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/sanchi-hill-buddhist-monuments-are.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 February 2021. "Ashoka Aided Buddha, Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi Hill and Sri Lanka." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/ashoka-aided-buddha-buddhist-monuments.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 January 2021. "Sanghamitra, Like Ashoka, Admired Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi Hill." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/sanghamitra-like-ashoka-admired.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 January 2021. "Mahendra Adored Buddha and Perhaps Buddhist monuments at Sanchi Hill." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/mahendra-adored-buddha-and-perhaps.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 January 2021. "Devi Adoring Buddha Accounts for Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi, India." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/devi-adoring-buddha-accounts-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 January 2021. "Wild Animal Families Abounded Around Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi Hill." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/wild-animal-families-abounded-around.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 January 2021. "Raisen Teak Forests Once Angled Around Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/raisen-teak-forests-once-angled-around.html

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Friday, June 10, 2022

Satdhara Buddhist Monuments Perhaps Archive Ancient Building Rituals

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