Earth and Space News: Sonari Buddhist Monuments Perhaps Archive Ancient Building Rituals

Summary: Sonari Buddhist monuments perhaps archive ancient building rituals, according to Major General Sir Alexander Cunningham in 1854 in The Bhilsa Topes.

Sonari Buddhist monuments perhaps archive ancient relic rituals, according to Major General Sir Alexander Cunningham in 1854 in The Bhilsa Topes, his book about Buddhist architecture and relics at Sanchi-area excavated sites.

Cunningham Chapter XIII, Building and Dedication of Topes, broaches building and blessing such topes (stupa, from Sanskrit स्तूप, “[relic-bearing] heap” via Pali thūpa) as Sonari tope. Pre-construction rituals commenced with a power- or wealth-holder collecting a compulsory, forced, unpaid crew to complete a stone pillar somewhere consecratedly connected to cultivating Buddhist teachings. The stone pillar declared the inscribed intention of that power- or wealth-holder to deposit asthi avashesh (holy relic, from Sanskrit अस्थि, “bone” and अवशेष, “remainder”) there.

The above-mentioned chapter in the Cunningham book explained that the above-mentioned “pillar was afterwards removed when the building of the Tope was begun” (1854: page 169).

That power- or wealth-holder found elephants (Elephas maximus indicus) sufficiently fit and forceful to file back and forth over perhaps boulder, perhaps boulder-like, foundation-friendly, round stones.

Perhaps Mauryan (from Sanskrit मोर, “peacock [clan emblem]”) Emperor (268 BCE?-232 BCE?) Ashoka (304 BCE?-232 BCE, from Sanskrit अशोक, “sorrow-free”) guided laying the Sonari foundation stone. The Sanchi (from Sanskrit शान्, “calmness”) sangha (community, from Sanskrit संघ, “multitude"), 6.21 miles (10 kilometers) northeastward, housed Ashoka’s first wife, Devi (from Sanskrit देवी, "goddess"). Ashoka, appointees or successors itinerated with bhikshu (from Sanskrit भिक्षु, “religious mendicant”); dancers, musicians, singers; ministers, troops; and cloth, garland and earthen, gold, silver vase offerings.

Ashoka journeyed with 1,008 “suits of clothing” (1854: page 171) for ancient building rituals at the center and the four sides of intended Sonari Buddhist monuments.

Ancient building rituals kindled keeping at that center 108 new earthen vases around 8 gold and 8 silver bricks around 8 gold and 8 silver vases.

Ashoka, appointees or successors likewise lodged 108 “pieces of cloth” (1854:172) around each brick until ancient building rituals located all lower-course bricks in jessamine-flowered (Jasminum sambac) cement. Seven ministers moved seven more bricks before the architect made a surface air bubble by mixing a handful of water with water in a golden vessel. The architect noted, about intended Sonari Buddhist monuments, “I will build it in this form" (1854:172), form which the Cunningham notes named “a simple hemisphere" (1854:176).

Ancient building rituals occasioned brass, iron, silver “small pieces” (1854:170), not plates, and single-slab steatite, not steatite courses, at the center of intended Sonari Buddhist monuments.

Foundation stones prevailed below the above-mentioned plate-substituting discs and the brick, cement, common-stone, fine-clay, Hemawanta (from Sanskrit हिमवन्त्, “snowy [Himalaya]”) divine-incense, ruby and steatite “courses” (1854:170).

Kapittho (elephant-apple, wood-apple tree [Feronia elephantum scientifically], from Sanskrit कपित्थ) gum and sesame (Sesamum indicum) oil respectively quartered red cocoa-nutlet (Cocos nucifera) milk and vermilion. The relic-retaining chamber required six meghawanna (from Sanskrit meghavarna मेघवर्ण, “cloud-colored”) stone slabs, as one flat for flooring, four for sides and one for eastward-facing lid. Intra-dome traffic stopped after interior spaces stored “thousands of relics” (1854:174) and suggested crown-setting square capital, chaitya (prayer-hall, from Sanskrit चैत्य, “pedestal”) and plastering schedules starting.

Buddhist (from Sanskrit बुद्ध, "awakened") treasure troves such as Sonari Buddhist monuments transmit ancient building rituals transforming clay, gems, incense, metals and stones into mound-like topes.

The railings for Sonari Stupa No. 1, the Great Tope, was "formed of white sand-stone, from the Udayagiri hill" (Cunningham, 1834; page 312); Brev.-Major Alexander Cunningham, The Bhilsa Topes (1854), Plate XXIII, figures 2 and 3: Not in copyright, via Internet Archive

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication

This post is dedicated to the memory of our beloved blue-eyed brother, Charles, who guided the creation of the Met Opera and Astronomy posts on Earth and Space News. We memorialized our brother in "Our Beloved Blue-Eyed Brother, Charles, With Whom We Are Well Pleased," published on Earth and Space News on Thursday, Nov. 18, 2021, an anniversary of our beloved father's death.

Image credits:

Ancient building rituals included Indian elephants (Elephas maximus indicus) as boulder treaders; ca. 200 BCE steatite reliquary, excavated at Sonari Stupa No. 2, features wide band of various animal depictions, including elephant (left); Victoria and Albert Museum catalogue (1921): Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sonari_Stupa_2_reliquary_VA.jpg; via Victoria and Albert Museum @ https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O25176/reliquary-unknown/

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Marriner, Derdriu. 8 April 2022. "Sonari Buddhist Monuments, Like Sanchi Buddhist Monuments, Are Storied." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/04/sonari-buddhist-monuments-like-sanchi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 April 2022. "Katyayana Perhaps Admired Satdhara Buddhist Monuments More Than Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/04/katyayana-perhaps-admired-satdhara.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 March 2022. "Satdhara Buddhist Monuments Are Sparser Than Sanchi Buddhist Monuments." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/03/satdhara-buddhist-monuments-are-sparser.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 March 2022. "Bhojpur Buddhist Monuments and Sanchi Buddhist Monuments Are Taciturn." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/03/bhojpur-buddhist-monuments-and-sanchi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 March 2022. "Bhojpur Buddhist Monuments Are as Chary as Sanchi Buddhist Monuments." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/03/bhojpur-buddhist-monuments-are-as-chary.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 March 2022. "Some Bhojpur Buddhist Monuments and Sanchi Buddhist Monuments Are Mute." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/03/some-bhojpur-buddhist-monuments-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 February 2022. "Bhojpur Buddhist Monuments and Sanchi Buddhist Monuments Are Secretive." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/02/bhojpur-buddhist-monuments-and-sanchi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 February 2022. "Bhojpur Buddhist Monuments Are Like, Unlike Sanchi Buddhist Monuments." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/02/bhojpur-buddhist-monuments-are-like.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 February 2022. "Bhojpur Buddhist Monuments Not Sanchi Buddhist Monuments Are A Village." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/02/bhojpur-buddhist-monuments-not-sanchi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 February 2022. "Andher Buddhist Monuments Add to Donors at Sanchi Buddhist Monuments." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/02/andher-buddhist-monuments-add-to-donors.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 January 2022. "Andher Buddhist Monuments Answer What Sanchi Buddhist Monuments Ask." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/01/andher-buddhist-monuments-answer-what.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 January 2022. "Andher Buddhist Monuments Acquaint Us With Sanchi Buddhist Monuments." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/01/andher-buddhist-monuments-acquaint-us.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 January 2022. "Acquaintance With Sanskrit Acquaints Us With Sanchi Buddhist Monuments." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/01/acquaintance-with-sanskrit-acquaints-us.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 January 2022. "Appreciating Sanskrit Aids in Appreciating Sanchi Buddhist Monuments." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/01/appreciating-sanskrit-aids-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 December 2021. "Unknown Ashes Perhaps Known at Sanchi Buddhist Monuments Are at Sonari." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/12/unknown-ashes-perhaps-known-at-sanchi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 December 2021. "Unknown Ashes Maybe Known at Sanchi Buddhist Monuments Are at Satdhara." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/12/unknown-ashes-maybe-known-at-sanchi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 December 2021. "Unknown Bones in Bhojpur Maybe Are Known in Sanchi Buddhist Monuments." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/12/unknown-bones-in-bhojpur-maybe-are.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 December 2021. "Unknown Relics in Bhojpur Maybe Are Known in Sanchi Buddhist Monuments." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/12/unknown-relics-in-bhojpur-maybe-are.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 December 2021. "Unknown Bones at Bhojpur Maybe Are Known to Sanchi Buddhist Monuments." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/12/unknown-bones-at-bhojpur-maybe-are.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 November 2021. "Unknown Bones Maybe Known at Sanchi Buddhist Monuments Are at Bhojpur." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/11/unknown-bones-maybe-known-at-sanchi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 November 2021. "Unknown Ashes Maybe Known to Sanchi Buddhist Monuments Are at Bhojpur." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/11/unknown-ashes-maybe-known-to-sanchi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 November 2021. "Unknown Ashes Perhaps Known in Sanchi Buddhist Monuments Are at Andher." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/11/unknown-ashes-perhaps-known-in-sanchi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 November 2021. "Kusum Lac Trees Perhaps Anciently Aided Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/11/kusum-lac-trees-perhaps-anciently-aided.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 October 2021. "Palas Flame-of-the-Forest Trees Assisted Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/10/palas-flame-of-forest-trees-assisted.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 October 2021. "Ber Indian Plum Trees Anciently Assisted Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/10/ber-indian-plum-trees-anciently.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 October 2021. "Tasar Silk Perhaps Anciently Adorned Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/10/tasar-silk-perhaps-anciently-adorned.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 October 2021. "Tasar Silkworms Perhaps Assembled Around Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/10/tasar-silkworms-perhaps-assembled.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 October 2021. "Lac Scale Insects Archived Bone Relics in Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/10/lac-scale-insects-archived-bone-relics.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 September 2021. "Kaundinya Aided Buddhist Beginnings and Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/09/kaundinya-aided-buddhist-beginnings-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 September 2021. "Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi Accommodated Kaundinyaputra Relics." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/09/buddhist-monuments-at-sanchi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 September 2021. "Gotiputra Relics Awed Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi, Sonari and Andher." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/09/gotiputra-relics-awed-buddhist.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 September 2021. "Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and Sonari Accommodated Alabagira Relics." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/09/buddhist-monuments-at-sanchi-and-sonari.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 August 2021. "Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and Sonari Assembled Kaushikiputra Relics." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/08/buddhist-monuments-at-sanchi-and-sonari_01344963409.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 August 2021. "Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and Sonari Accommodated Madhyama Relics." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/08/buddhist-monuments-at-sanchi-and-sonari.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 August 2021. "Kasyapa Gotra Relics Abided in Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and Sonari." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/08/kasyapa-gotra-relics-abided-in-buddhist.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 August 2021. "Buddha Relics Awed Sonari and Bhojpur If Not Sanchi Buddhist Monuments." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/08/buddha-relics-awed-sonari-and-bhojpur.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 July 2021. "Buddha Relics Awed Bhojpur and Sonari If Not Sanchi Buddhist Monuments." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/07/buddha-relics-awed-bhojpur-and-sonari.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 July 2021. "Sanchi Buddhist Monuments Admitted No Upahitaka Relics From Bhojpur." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/07/sanchi-buddhist-monuments-admitted-no_0682265518.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 July 2021. "Sanchi Buddhist Monuments Admitted No Patitya Allusions From Bhojpur." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/07/sanchi-buddhist-monuments-admitted-no.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 July 2021. "Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and Andher Archived Haritiputra Relics." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/07/buddhist-monuments-at-sanchi-and-andher.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 July 2021. "John Marshall Added Khirni Trees Around Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/07/john-marshall-added-khirni-trees-around.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 June 2021. "Mango Trees Appeal to Kakanava Koels and Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/06/mango-trees-appeal-to-kakanava-koels.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 June 2021. "Teak Trees Attracted Kakanava Crows to Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/06/teak-trees-attracted-kakanava-crows-to.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 June 2021. "Kakanava Crows, Koels and Trees Antedated Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/06/kakanava-crows-koels-and-trees.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 June 2021. "Asian Koels, Like Crows, Actuated the Ancient Name Kakanava for Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/06/asian-koels-like-crows-actuated-ancient.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 May 2021. "Indian Jungle Crows Abided Amply at Sanchi, Anciently Named Kakanava." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/05/indian-jungle-crows-abided-amply-at.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 May 2021. "Indian Crows Abounded There So Sanchi Answered to the Name Kakanava." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/05/indian-crows-abounded-there-so-sanchi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 May 2021. "Kakanava Prabhasana Relics Age Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and Andher." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/05/kakanava-prabhasana-relics-age-buddhist.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 May 2021. "Vachiputra Relics Age Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and at Andher." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/05/vachiputra-relics-age-buddhist.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 April 2021. "Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and Andher Age Maudgalaputra Tishya Relics." Earth and Space News. Friday
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/04/buddhist-monuments-at-sanchi-and-andher.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 April 2021. "Satdhara Relics Awed Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi, Colombo and Yangon." Earth and Space News. Friday
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/04/satdhara-relics-awed-buddhist-monuments.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 April 2021. "Kaba Aye and Sanchi Hill Admit Walking Meditations of Thich Nhat Hanh." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/04/kaba-aye-and-sanchi-hill-admit-walking.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 April 2021. "Sanchi and Maha Bodhi Society Admit Thich Nhat Hanh Walking Meditations." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/04/sanchi-and-maha-bodhi-society-admit.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 April 2021. "Indra’s Net Avails Kaba Aye Pagoda of Buddhist Monuments on Sanchi Hill." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/04/indras-net-avails-kaba-aye-pagoda-of.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 March 2021. "Indra’s Net Admits Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and Maha Bodhi Society." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/indras-net-admits-buddhist-monuments-at.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 March 2021. "Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and Sadthara Archived Disciple Bones." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/buddhist-monuments-at-sanchi-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 March 2021. "Chetiyagiri Vihara Adds Auspiciousness to Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/chetiyagiri-vihara-adds-auspiciousness.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 March 2021. "Maudgalyayana Aims Psychic Powers at Buddhist Monuments on Sanchi Hill." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/maudgalyayana-aims-psychic-powers-at.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 February 2021. "Shariputra Abides Auspiciously Amid Buddhist Monuments on Sanchi Hill." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/shariputra-abides-auspiciously-amid.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 February 2021. "Sanchi Hill Buddhist Monuments Are Oldest Buddhist World Heritage Site." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/sanchi-hill-buddhist-monuments-are_19.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 February 2021. "Sanchi Hill Buddhist Monuments Are World Heritage Site 14 in India." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/sanchi-hill-buddhist-monuments-are.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 February 2021. "Ashoka Aided Buddha, Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi Hill and Sri Lanka." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/ashoka-aided-buddha-buddhist-monuments.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 January 2021. "Sanghamitra, Like Ashoka, Admired Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi Hill." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/sanghamitra-like-ashoka-admired.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 January 2021. "Mahendra Adored Buddha and Perhaps Buddhist monuments at Sanchi Hill." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/mahendra-adored-buddha-and-perhaps.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 January 2021. "Devi Adoring Buddha Accounts for Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi, India." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/devi-adoring-buddha-accounts-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 January 2021. "Wild Animal Families Abounded Around Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi Hill." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/wild-animal-families-abounded-around.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 January 2021. "Raisen Teak Forests Once Angled Around Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/raisen-teak-forests-once-angled-around.html

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