Ferdinand Columbus Biographized His Father as Italian But Born Where?

Summary: Ferdinand Columbus biographized his father as Italian but did not specify Genoa or any other locality as a birthplace for Christopher Columbus.

portrait of Hernando Colón by unknown artist; Cabildo de la Catedral de Sevilla, Biblioteca Capitular y Colombina de Sevilla: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Ferdinand Columbus biographized his father as Italian but did not identify a birthplace, neither in Genoa nor in any other locality, for Christopher Columbus.

Ferdinand Columbus (Italian: Fernando Colombo; Portuguese: Fernando Colombo; Spanish: Fernando, or Hernando, Colón y Enríquez de Arana; Aug. 15, 1488-July 12, 1539) was born in Cordova (Spanish: Córdoba), then in the Kingdom of Córdoba (Spanish: Reino de Córdoba), one of the Four Kingdoms of Andalusia (Spanish: los quatro reynos del Andaluzia) in the Crown of Castile (Spanish: Corona de Castilla). His apparently unwed parents were late 15th to early 16th century explorer and navigator Christopher Columbus (Catalan: Cristòfor Colom; Italian: Cristoforo Colombo; Portuguese: Cristóvão Colombo; Spanish: Cristóbal Colón; ca. 1446/1451-May 20, 1506) and Beatriz Enriquez de Arana (Spanish: Beatriz Enríquez de Arana; 1465/1467-1521/1522). Ferdinand's mother probably came from a Basque family, who had settled northwest of Cordova in Santa María de Trassierra, Beatriz's birthplace, according to Genoese journalist and president of Comitato Nazionale per Colombo (CNC; National Committee for Columbus) Bruno Aloi in his article, "Beatriz Enríquez de Arana. Madre di Fernando Colombo," posted Jan. 20, 2019, on the CNC website.

Ferdinand's birth order numbered as the second of his father's two children. Ferdinand's older, half-sibling, Diego Columbus (Italian: Diego Colombo; Portuguese: Diogo Colombo; Spanish: Diego Colón; ca. 1474/1480-Feb. 23, 1526), was born to the navigator and his Madeiran Portuguese wife, Filipa Moniz Perestrello (Italian: Filipa Moniz Perestrello; Portuguese and Spanish: Filipa Moniz Perestrelo; ca. 1452-ca. 1477/1485).

Ferdinand biographized his famous father in an unpublished manuscript, begun in 1537. The manuscript passed to Ferdinand's half nephew Luis Colón, upon the death of Luis's mother, María Álvarez de Toledo (Spanish: María Álvarez de Toledo y Rojas; ca. 1490-May 11, 1549), widow of Luis's half brother, Diego, and Ferdinand's half sister-in-law. Luis Colón (Luis Colón y Álvarez de Toledo; ca. 1522-Jan. 29, 1572) consigned his grandfather's biography to Baliano de Fornari, described as a wealthy "Genoese nobleman, physician and senator" by musicologist and 16th and 17th century Italian culture researcher Peter S. Poulos in "G. B. De Marini and the ‘Genoese Nation’ in Rome: Patronage, Piety and Politics," posted to his eponymous blog.

Baliano de Fornari transported the manuscript to Venice, considered Italy's publishing center, for translating and publishing, according to American historian and colonial Latin America specialist Benjamin Keen (1913-Nov. 1, 2002) in his English translation of the manuscript, The Life Of The Admiral Christopher Columbus By His Son, published in 1959 (Editor's Preface, page xv). Spanish editor, historian and translator Alfonso de Ulloa (1529-1570) translated Ferdinand's manuscript into Italian. Ulloa's translation, entitled Historie del S.D. Fernando Colombo; Nelle quali s'ha particolare, & vera relatione della vita, & de' fatti dell'Ammiraglio D. Christoforo Colombo, ſuo padre: et dello ſcoprimento, ch'egli fece dell'Indie Occidentali, dette Mondo Nuovo, hora poſſedute dal Sereniſs. Re Catolico, was published in 1571.

Christopher Columbus emphasized his navigational qualifications and his exploratory missions by intentionally obscuring his birthplace and family, just as Jesus had avoided distraction from his spiritual mission by his birth to unfamous parents, according to Ferdinand Columbus in Historie's first chapter (Keen, "Concerning the Birthplace, Family, and Name of the Admiral Christopher Columbus," page 3). Also, Ferdinand's father had changed his name from Italian Colombo to Spanish Colón in conformance with his residence in Spain and as distinguisher of his descendants from collateral lines (Keen, page 4).

Places presented as his father's supposed birthplace mostly are located in northwestern Italy's Liguria region (Ligurian: Ligûria), favoring the region's capital, Genoa (Italian: Genova; Ligurian: Zêna), or its nearby localities, such as Bugiasco (Italian: Bugliasco; Ligurian: Boggiasco), Cugureo (Italian: Cogoleto; Ligurian: Cogoeuo), Nervi and Savona (Ligurian: Sann-a). Noteworthy individuals surnamed Colombo in Piacenza (English: Piacenza; English and French: Plaisance; Piacentino: Piaṡëinsa) have added Liguria's western neighbor, Emilia-Romagna (Emilian: Emégglia-Rumâgna or Emîlia-Rumâgna; Romagnol: Emélia-Rumâgna), to the explorer's suggested ancestry (Keen, page 4).

Specifically, Ferdinand sought answers from two brothers surnamed Colombo, considered the wealthiest residents of Liguria's Cugureo and identified locally as the explorer's relatives. Unfortunately, the brothers' advanced ages, with the younger at over 100 years old, prevented genealogical discovery (Keen, Chapter 2, "Of the Admiral’s Parents and Their Condition . . .", page 5).

In addition to an unspecified birthplace, Ferdinand's paternal biography briefly mentioned unnamed parents. Ferdinand blamed conflicts and wars in north central Italy's Lombardy region (Italian: Lombardia; Lombard: Lumbardia) for the impoverishment of the parental worth. Their livelihood and their places of residence remained mysteries for Ferdinand. Yet, an unspecified letter written by Christopher Columbus noted sea occupations for him and his ancestors, recalled Ferdinand (page 5).

From his unsuccessful genealogical research, Ferdinand Columbus concluded that his father's accomplishments demonstrated the unnecessariness of fame, nobility and riches for shaping extraordinary legacies of valorous discoveries. ". . . I think it better that all our glory should come from himself than that we should go about inquiring if his father was a merchant or went hunting with falcons, of such men there are thousands everywhere, and three days after their death the memory of them is lost without a trace among their own townspeople and relations" (page 5).

tomb of Hernando Colón; Catedral de Sevilla, central nave, west entrance; Sunday, July 28, 2019, 17:09: CarlosVdeHabsburgo, CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

portrait of Hernando Colón by unknown artist; Cabildo de la Catedral de Sevilla, Biblioteca Capitular y Colombina de Sevilla: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hernando_Col%C3%B3n.jpg

tomb of Hernando Colón; Catedral de Sevilla, central nave, west entrance; Sunday, July 28, 2019, 17:09: CarlosVdeHabsburgo, CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tumba_de_Hernando_Colón_(Sevilla).jpg

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