Earth and Space News: Ellora Jain Cave 31 Appears Adoring, Ancient, Ascetic and Unfinished

Summary: Ellora Jain Cave 31 alerts audiences to cavern makeovers from ancient Hindu to less ancient Jain cave temples in Ellora, Maharashtra, west India.

Ellora Jain Cave 31 depicts historical Jain founder Mahavira, in padmasana (lotus pose), flanked by 23rd tirthankara Parshvanatha (left) and Gommateshvara (right), son of first tirthankara, Rishabhanatha; Wednesday, Sep. 6, 2016: Anupamg, CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons

Ellora Jain Cave 31 announces adorational, ascetic, five-cavern, ninth- and tenth-century additions to 800- to 1,600-year-old, 29-cavern Buddhist and Hindu cave temples in the Ellora Caves of Maharashtra state, western peninsular India.

Ellora Jain Cave 31 brings adorational carvings of ascetic great thinkers together in what began as a Hindu cave temple built under Rashtrakuta emperors (753?-982 C.E.?). It contains adorational carvings of the first two and the last two of 24 ascetic great teachers, each one called a Tirthankara (from Sanskrit र्थंकर, "ford-maker"). Its adorational wall carvings defer to Bahubali (from Sanskrit बाहुबलि, "more" and बल, "strength"), son of first Tirthankara Rishabadeva (from Sanskrit ऋषभ, "bull" and देव, "deity").

Ellora Jain Cave 31 exhibits 23rd Tirthankara Parshvanatha (from Sanskrit पार्श्व, "near" and नाथ, "lord"; 872?-772? B.C.E.), who encouraged 24th Tirthankara Vardhamana's (599/539?-527/467? B.C.E.) enlightenment-seeking parents.

Ellora Jain Cave 31 features the first Tirthankara and the 23rd Tirthankara in adorational carvings respectively on the right and left walls of the cavern hall.

Dharanendra (from Sanskrit धारण, "having" and इण्ड्र, "raindrop-possessing"), seven-hooded snake overlord of the Naga (from Sanskrit नाग, "snake") underworld kingdom, guards Parshvanatha in hall wall carvings. Dharanendra and another snake, Padmavarti (from Sanskrit पद्म, "lotus" and वण्ट्, "to share"), helped Parshvanatha while the 23rd Tirthankara headed throughout Kamath, in present-day Karnataka state. Itinerant artisans and monks integrated one hall, one shrine and four pillars into the incomplete interior design for a Hindu cave temple with subsequently installed carvings.

A yaksha (from Sanskrit यक्ष, "ghost) and a yakshi (from Sanskrit यक्षी, "[female] ghost") join the 24th Tirthankara as Ellora Jain Cave 31 shrine room carvings.

Ellora Jain Cave 31 keeps among its shrine room carvings Mahavira (from Sanskrit महावीर, "warrior") as Vardhamana (from Sanskrit वर्धमान, "prosperous") enlightened into the 24th Tirthankara.

The shrine room in Ellora Jain Cave 31 lodges atop a lion throne a carved, cross-legged Mahavira in padmasana (from Sanskrit पद्म, "lotus" and आसन, "seat"). The middle panel of the lion throne maintains a carved chakra (from Sanskrit चक्र, "wheel"), whose perpetual motion manifests a downward course and an upward course. A good serpent notes the upward-coursing Utsarpini (from Sanskrit उत्सर्पिणी, "ascending") of six ever-improving ages and 24 Tirthankara ascetics in the ever-revolving Jain universal timekeeping wheel.

The Ellora Jain Cave 31 panel offers the timekeeping wheel, not the good serpent or, for the downward-coursing Avasarpini (from Sanskrit अवसर्पिणी, "descending"), a bad serpent.

The evil serpent presents the Ellora Jain Cave 31 wheel with six ever more degenerate ages and 24 Tirthankara ascetics in the downward-coursing Avasarpini that prevails.

The shrine wheel queues up for Ellora Jain Cave 31 Jain universal timekeeping as quitting Utsarpini for Avasarpini and vice versa without destructive and recreative transitions. The left side of the shrine room in Ellora Jain Cave 31 reveals the yaksha Matanga (from Sanskrit मतङ्ग, "roamer") riding atop an elephant (Elephantidae family). Lion-throned, right-sculpted yakshi Siddhaiki (from Sanskrit सिद्धि, "accomplishment") sits semi-lotus-positioned, with child, in savyalalitasana (from Sanskrit सव्य, "left [leg dangling]"; ललित, "playing"; आसन, "seat") royal ease.

Ellora Jain Cave 31 transmits unfinished transitions from a Hindu cave temple for Shiva into a Jain meditational shrine for Parshvanatha, whose enlightenment traces to Shiva.

Ellora Jain Cave 31 presents historical Jain founder Mahavira, in padmasana (lotus pose) with yaksha Matanga, seated on an elephant (left), and yakshi Siddaiki, seated on a lion (right); Wednesday, Sep. 6, 2016: Anupamg, CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

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Marriner, Derdriu. 17 July 2020. "Ellora Hindu Cave 25 Artisans Adorned Its Ceiling With Sun God Surya." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 10 July 2020. "Ellora Hindu Cave 24 Aids Artists, Scientists Analyzing Water Features." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 3 July 2020. "Ellora Hindu Cave 23 Accepts Shiva as Fertility God and as Trimurti." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 19 June 2020. "Ellora Hindu Cave 18 Appeals to Hearth and Sacrificial Fire God Agni." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 15 May 2020. "Ellora Hindu Cave 29 Assumes That Parvati and Shiva Adore One Another." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 8 May 2020. "Ellora Hindu Cave 19 Appears Third Most Ancient Among Ellora Caves." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 1 May 2020. "Ellora Hindu Cave 27 Appears Second Most Ancient Among Ellora Caves." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 24 April 2020. "Ellora Hindu Cave 28 Accesses Waterfall Rainbows Over Ellora Caves." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 27 March 2020. "Ellora Caves Accept Walking Meditations Advocated by Thich Nhat Hanh." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 28 February 2020. "Schneider's Leaf-Nosed Bats Are Artful Annihilators at Ellora Caves." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 21 February 2020. "Greater Indian False Vampire Bats Are Artful Assassins at Ellora Caves." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 14 February 2020. "Are Grey Junglefowl Avoiding Artful Areas Around Ellora Caves? Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 7 February 2020. "Blue Indian Peafowl No Longer Prettify the Artistic Ellora Caves." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Friday, December 4, 2020

Ellora Jain Cave 31 Appears Adoring, Ancient, Ascetic and Unfinished

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