Earth and Space News: Rapid Ohia Death Canker and The Tourist on NCIS: Hawai’i Act as Aliens

Summary: Rapid ohia death canker and The Tourist, season 1 episode 6 Monday, Dec. 20, 2021, on police procedural television series NCIS: Hawai’i act as aliens.

Woody plants abdicate life expectancies once tree cankers abide on their surfaces. Cankers abound with their own pathogens. They accept pathogens available from other sources, such as ambrosia beetles ambling from woody plant to woody plant; Thursday, June 13, 2019, graphic of (left) healthy tree and segment, as compared with (right) cankered, infected tree and segment, in which bark injuries have allowed intrusion by pathogens or insects: Hannahzd3, CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons

Rapid ohia death canker and The Tourist, season 1 episode 6 debuted Monday, Nov. 1, 2021, and rerun Monday, Dec. 20, 2021, on police procedural television series NCIS: Hawai’i act as aliens.

The 6th episode overall, by director Yangzom Braun and writer Amy Rutberg, bares behaviors that backfire and that buttress when one believes oneself to be beneficial. Rapid Ohia Death canker conducts itself survivalistically as an alien, introduced, invasive, non-native Fungi (nucleus-celled organism, from Greek σπόγγος, “sponge” via Latin fungus, “mushroom”) kingdom member. Ascomycota phylum (from Greek ἀσκός μύκης, “sac mushroom”) membership develops canker-drenched spores that ambrosia beetles (Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xyleborus perforans, Xyleborus simillimus) distribute.

The Microascales order (from Greek μικρός ἀσκός, “small [spore-furnishing] tube” and Latin -āles, “-al”) members function as pathogens flown by ambrosia beetles to their intended fatalities.

Ceratocystis fimbriata, as black rot of sweet potato and one of the 30-some canoe plants accessible to ancient Hawaiians since the first Polynesian settlements, acquaints modern Hawaiians with a fungal pathogen of acclaimed archipelagic plants. It acted pathogenically before the related rapid ohia death canker of Hawaii-exclusive Hawaiian myrtles (ohia lehua locally, Metrosideros polymorpha scientifically); Wednesday, May 4, 2011, 13:17, image of Ceratocystis black rot of sweet potato: Scot Nelson, CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) ublic Domain Dedication, via Wikimedia Commons

The Sordariomycetes class (from Latin sordēs -āria, “filth-pertaining” and Greek μύκης, “fungus, mushroom, mushroom-shaped object”) members endure existing in their cankerous frass (from German Fraß, “prey”).

Wounded bark gets the Ceratocystidaceae family (from Latin cērātus, “waxed”; Greek κύστις, “closed anatomical sac, cyst” via Latin cystis; Latin -āceae, “-resembling”) member into tree interiors. The Ceratocystis huliohia (from Latin cērātus, “waxed”; Greek κύστις, “cyst”; and Hawaiian huli ʻōhiʻa, “to change [the natural state of] ohia”) genus and species harms host-specifically. ‘Ōhiʻa species Metrosideros macropus, Metrosideros rugosa and Metrosideros tremuloides of Oahu island and Metrosideros waialeale of Kauai island interest rapid ʻōhiʻa death canker not at all.

The rapid ohia death canker Ceratocystis huliohua joins the rapid ohia death wilt Ceratocystis lukuohia in journeys to main-island Hawaii, like The Tourist on NCIS: Hawai’i.

Canker stain of plane trees acted pathogenically afore the related rapid ohia death canker, Ceratocystis huliohia, of Hawaii-exclusive Hawaiian myrtles (ohia lehua locally, Metrosideros polymorpha scientifically). The Ceratocystis genus; Monday, Aug. 18, 2014, 16:53, image of "Deux platanes atteints par le chancre coloré, à des degrés différents": Roouul, CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons

The introduced species Ceratocystis fimbriata keeps as sole host sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas) even as Ceratocystis platani and Ceratocystis uchidae keep only taro (Colocasia esculenta) hosts.

The rapid ʻōhiʻa death canker and the rapid ʻōhiʻa death wilt lodge only on Hawaiian myrtles (from Hawaiian ʻōhiʻa lehua [“ohia flower”] locally, Metrosideros polymorpha scientifically). Ceratocystis huliohia sometimes maintain single-branch and limb leaves browning before crowns even as they manage such symptoms as yellowing, then browning crowns, and branch-maintained dead leaves. The rapid ʻōhiʻa death canker navigates entire stands haphazardly, without predictably radiating from dead or infected trees, for maximum mortality at 90-plus percent within 3 years.

The Tourist Kayla Barlow (Chloe Lanier) on NCIS: Hawaii observed few, omitted many tourism opportunities even as rapid ohia death canker occurs on no ohia neighbors.

Rapid ‘ōhi’a death canker never pesters proximitous kōpiko (Psychotria spp.), Koster’s curse (Clidemia hirta), melastomes (Melastoma spp), ‘ohe mauka (Polyscias spp.) and strawberry guava (Psidium cattleianum).

Dead Metrosideros polymorpha (from Greek μήτρα σῐ́δηρος, “womb iron”; and πολυ- μορφή, "many-shaped" via πολύμορφος, “multiform,”) always quarters dark-stained, outer-ringed, vascular-tissued xylem (from Greek ξύλον, “wood”). Rapid ‘ōhi’a death canker resides in sub-bark sapwood reachable by ambrosia beetles whose boring, fine, talc-like dust retains Ceratocystis huliohia spores that area winds render elsewhere. Ambrosia beetles, feral ungulates (from Latin ungula -ātus, “claw, hoof -ed”) and people with their canker-spored gears, tools, vehicles and wood spread rapid ‘ōhi’a death canker.

The rapid ohia death canker Ceratocystis huliohia, unlike The Tourist on NCIS: Hawai’i, threatens Hawaii since 2010, Kauai since 2018 and Maui and Oahu since 2019.

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Wind dispersals add to the area afflicted with rapid ohia death canker Ceratocystis huliohia. They affect canker-afflicted frass of such aggressive ambrosia beetles as non-native Xyleborus ferrugineus; lateral and dorsal views (scale bar 1.0 mm) of Xyleborus species, (from top left) X. affinis, X. bispinatus, X. celsus and X. ferrugineus (Figure 15, page 52), in D.F. Gomez, R.J. Rabaglia, K.E.O. Fairbanks and J. Hulcr, "North American Xyleborini north of Mexico: a review and key to genera and species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae)," ZooKeys 768 (June 19, 2018), 19-68: CC BY 4.0 International, via Pensoft ZooKeys @ https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/24697/element/2/115/ (Note: ZooKeys license at Open Access Materials @ https://pensoft.net/terms; CC BY 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Xyleborus_(10.3897-zookeys.768.24697)_Figure_15.jpg

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