Integrated Vegetation Management Applies Balanced Control Methods

Summary: Integrated vegetation management applies balanced control methods, according to an article by Randall H. Miller in Arborist News December 2021.

Integrated vegetation management acknowledges endangered, threatened species within its management areas. It attempts to accommodate beneficial animals, such as willow flycatchers (Empidonax traillii), whose nesting habits ask for biological, chemical, cultural, physical and prescribed fire control methods not to attack invasive saltcedar (Tamarix) trees; June 1885 illustration of Traill's Flycatcher (Empidonax pusillus trailli) with nest, placed in clump of alders (Alnus sp.), in Oliver Davie, Egg Check List and Key to the Nests and Eggs of North American Birds (1886), Plate III, opposite page 47: Public Domain, via via Biodiversity Heritage Library

Integrated vegetation management applies balanced control methods against incompatible vegetation in variable environmental and site conditions, according to Integrated Vegetation Management Control Methods by Randall H. Miller in Arborist News December 2021.

The author, as CN Utility Consulting (CNUC) research and development director, bares preferentially biological and secondarily chemical, cultural, manual and mechanical physical and prescribed fire controls. Biological control methods create and conserve compatible, native, tree-resistant early-successional communities through chemical-releasing, growth-suppressing allelopathic plants and plant-controlling insects, mammals and pathogens competitive with incompatible species. They advantageously, slowly develop cover-type, early-successional, forb-, grass-, shrub-filled habitat for herptiles, pollinators and songbirds but disadvantage native species, disperse target agents and draw invasive species.

Gardener’s-garters (Phalaris arundinacea), jack-by-the-hedge (Alliaria petiolata), multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora), and, entertaining willow flycatchers (Empidonax traillii) and tamarisk-exterminating imported leaf beetles (Diorhabda), saltcedar (Tamarix) exist invasively.

Chemical control methods feature herbicides fashioned selectively to foil certain botanical biochemical pathways and tree growth regulators to frustrate vegetative growth rates of difficult-access, fast-growing trees.

Herbicides get costs down by 50 percent when grouped with physical methods and, as root killers efficiently effective when given correctly, guard against resprouted, suckering plants. Herbicides hone from opened reclamation land cover-type, early-succession plant communities with herbivore- and pollinator-friendly escape, forage and nesting habitats through minimal soil disturbance and habitat disruption. And yet their misuse initiates such environmental risks as drift, leaching, persistence and volatilization, which sometimes impact compatible wildlife, non-target vegetation, soil chemistry and water resources.

Not considering or dialoguing with opposing philosophies to biological, chemical, cultural, physical controls or to prescribed fire jeopardizes the balanced control methods in integrated vegetation management.

Cultural control methods such as agricultural systems of cropping, managing parks, pasturing, repurposing, seeding and targeted grazing kindle compatible land uses that keep out incompatible vegetation.

Manual or mechanical-spread broadcasting; flat-land, gentle-slope drill seeding machine-inserted native grass seeds; and steep-slope hydroseeding seed-mulch slurry mixes launch annual and companion-cropped, nurse-cropped perennial temporary covers. Targeted grazing manages introduced livestock, whose feeding months must match flowering and seeding months of incompatible vegetation meant to be controlled, not those of compatible vegetation. Developed, difficult-access, equipment-unfriendly, small-space, steep-sloped and urban niches; natural targets; and such sensitive environments as wetlands necessitate costly, noisy, selective, slow, small-scale, temporary-fix manual physical controls.

Integrated vegetation management observes among its balanced control methods girdling, grubbing, pulling, pruning, vegetation-removing manual techniques as physical controls with hand-operated, or with small power, tools.

Girdled trees, perishing from severed phloem and outer sapwood, provide the still-standing wildlife habitat that, unlike mechanical physical controls, presages compatible plants from incompatible plant communities.

Seasonal mastication and mowing mechanically quest vulnerable flowering and seed-setting months in the life cycles of compatible and incompatible plant communities to control particular plant species. Controlled, forb- and grass-friendly, low-intensity, planned, prescribed fires similarly require recording containment contingencies, moisture content, proximitous developments, timeliness, topography, vegetation density and height and weather conditions. One- to three-year scheduled seasonal burns, before seed-setting stages, sidestep mismanaged, neglected areas; petroleum pipelines; overlarge species; linear, narrow electric distribution lines, railroad rights-of-way and roadsides.

Integrated vegetation management triggers its balanced control methods teaming up, such as chemical controls with physical controls or as prescribed fire with chemical and physical controls.

Manual physical control methods allow trees to be girdled and, as long as they are stable, steady and strong in their home grounds, to be left standing as wildlife habitat. The sign announces that "This dead tree is not dangerous. It is maintained temporarily in order to shelter animals"; Jardin Vauban, Lille, Hauts-de-France, northern France: F. Lamiot, CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Integrated vegetation management acknowledges endangered, threatened species within its management areas. It attempts to accommodate beneficial animals, such as willow flycatchers (Empidonax traillii), whose nesting habits ask for biological, chemical, cultural, physical and prescribed fire control methods not to attack invasive saltcedar (Tamarix) trees; June 1885 illustration of Traill's Flycatcher (Empidonax pusillus trailli) with nest, placed in clump of alders (Alnus sp.), in Oliver Davie, Egg Check List and Key to the Nests and Eggs of North American Birds (1886), Plate III, opposite page 47: Public Domain, via via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13537924; via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/internetarchivebookimages/14770729173/; via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/eggchecklistkeyt00davi/page/n55/mode/1up?view=theater; via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Egg_check_list_and_key_to_the_nests_and_eggs_of_North_American_birds_(1886)_(14770729173).jpg

Manual physical control methods allow trees to be girdled and, as long as they are stable, steady and strong in their home grounds, to be left standing as wildlife habitat. The sign announces that "This dead tree is not dangerous. It is maintained temporarily in order to shelter animals"; Jardin Vauban, Lille, Hauts-de-France, northern France: F. Lamiot, CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bois_mort_Panneau2006_3.jpg

For further information:

Gilman, Ed. 2011. An Illustrated Guide to Pruning. Third Edition. Boston MA: Cengage.

Hayes, Ed. 2001. Evaluating Tree Defects. Revised, Special Edition. Rochester MN: Safe Trees.

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Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/08/flood-tolerant-trees-in-worst-case.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 June 2014. “Integrated Vegetation Management of Plants in Utility Rights-of-Way.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/06/integrated-vegetation-management-of.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 April 2014. “Tree Twig Identification: Buds, Bundle Scars, Leaf Drops, Leaf Scars.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/04/tree-twig-identification-buds-bundle.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 February 2014. “Tree Twig Anatomy: Ecosystem Stress, Growth Rates, Winter Identification.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/02/tree-twig-anatomy-ecosystem-stress.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 December 2013. “Community and Tree Safety Awareness During Line- and Road-Clearances.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/12/community-and-tree-safety-awareness.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 October 2013. “Chain-Saw Gear and Tree Work Related Personal Protective Equipment.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/10/chain-saw-gear-and-tree-work-related.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 October 2013. “Storm Damaged Tree Clearances: Matched Teamwork of People to Equipment.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/10/storm-damaged-tree-clearances-matched.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 August 2013. “Storm Induced Tree Damage Assessments: Pre-Storm Planned Preparedness.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/08/storm-induced-tree-damage-assessments.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 June 2013. “Storm Induced Tree Failures From Heavy Tree Weights and Weather Loads.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/06/storm-induced-tree-failures-from-heavy.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 April 2013. “Urban Tree Root Management Concerns: Defects, Digs, Dirt, Disturbance.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/04/urban-tree-root-management-concerns.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 February 2013. “Tree Friendly Beneficial Soil Microbes: Inoculations and Occurrences.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/02/tree-friendly-beneficial-soil-microbes.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 December 2012. “Healthy Urban Tree Root Crown Balances: Soil Properties, Soil Volumes.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/12/healthy-urban-tree-root-crown-balances.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 October 2012. “Tree Adaptive Growth: Tree Risk Assessment of Tree Failure, Tree Strength.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/10/tree-adaptive-growth-tree-risk.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 August 2012. “Tree Risk Assessment Mitigation Reports: Tree Removal, Tree Retention?” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/08/tree-risk-assessment-mitigation-reports.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 June 2012. “Internally Stressed, Response Growing, Wind Loaded Tree Strength.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/06/internally-stressed-response-growing.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 April 2012. “Three Tree Risk Assessment Levels: Limited Visual, Basic and Advanced.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/04/three-tree-risk-assessment-levels.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 February 2012. “Qualitative Tree Risk Assessment: Risk Ratings for Targets and Trees.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/02/qualitative-tree-risk-assessment-risk.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 February 2012. “Qualitative Tree Risk Assessment: Falling Trees Impacting Targets.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/02/qualitative-tree-risk-assessment.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 December 2011. “Tree Risk Assessment: Tree Failures From Defects and From Wind Loads.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/12/tree-risk-assessment-tree-failures-from.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 October 2011. “Five Tree Felling Plan Steps for Successful Removals and Worker Safety.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/10/five-tree-felling-plan-steps-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 August 2011. “Natives and Non-Natives as Successfully Urbanized Plant Species.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/08/natives-and-non-natives-as-successfully.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 June 2011. “Tree Ring Patterns for Ecosystem Ages, Dates, Health and Stress.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/06/tree-ring-patterns-for-ecosystem-ages.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 April 2011. “Benignly Ugly Tree Disorders: Oak Galls, Powdery Mildew, Sooty Mold, Tar Spot.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/04/benignly-ugly-tree-disorders-oak-galls.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 February 2011. “Tree Load Can Turn Tree Health Into Tree Failure or Tree Fatigue.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/02/tree-load-can-turn-tree-health-into.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 December 2010. “Tree Electrical Safety Knowledge, Precautions, Risks and Standards.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/12/tree-electrical-safety-knowledge.html

Miller, Randall H. December 2021. "Integrated Vegetation Management Control Methods." Arborist News 30(6): 10-17.