Earth and Space News: Bhimbetka: 200th Anniversary of Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings

Summary: Are Bhimbetka rock shelters artisanal ancestors to Ajanta cave wall paintings still appreciated in their 200th anniversary year in central-west India?

depiction of a war scene in rock shelter 8; Bhimbetka rock shelters, Madhya Pradesh, central India; Wednesday, Dec. 4, 2013, 09:18: Bernard Gagnon, CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons

Bhimbetka rock shelters perhaps answer questions about the ancestry and experience of itinerant artisans 1,600 to 2,300 years before the 200th anniversary year of European-accessed Ajanta cave wall paintings in central-west India.

The Bhimbetka rock shelters bear the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) status as World Heritage Centre (WHC) site since inscription July 5, 2003. The Archaeological Survey of India proposal and the WHC List inclusion consider 110 unpainted and 133 painted Bhimbetka rock shelters as a continuous cultural, socioeconomic landscape. That "Bhimbetka reflects a long interaction between people and the landscape, as demonstrated in the quantity and quality of its rock art" demonstrates WHC criterion (iii).

That "Bhimbetka is closely associated with a hunting and gathering economy as demonstrated in the rock art" enters into one of two parts to criterion (v).

Fidelity found "in the relicts of this tradition in the local adivasi villages on the periphery of this site" fulfills the other part of criterion (v).

The Bhimbetka rock shelters gathered Vindhya ([high enough] to obstruct [the sun], from Sanskrit वैंध, "to obstruct") Hills hunters and gatherers at least 100,000 years ago. They have 2,000- to 30,000-year-old rock paintings, from the prehistoric Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Chalcolithic; through the early historical; to the Medieval ages in earthly human existence. They include Paleolithic (from Greek παλαιός, "ancient" and λίθος, "stone") rock paintings of green-, linear- and red-painted hunted animals, such as large bison, rhinoceroses and tigers.

Mesolithic (from Greek μέσος, "middle" and λίθος, "stone") rock paintings juggle plant-based green- and red-painted, small, stylized hunters with arrows, barbed spears, bows and pointed sticks.

Birds, burials, children with mothers, communal dancing and drinking, dead and totem animals, musical instruments, pregnant women and three-war tribal wars likewise kindled Mesolithic rock paintings.

Chalcolithic (from Greek χαλκός, "copper" and λίθος, "stone") rock paintings laud hunter and gatherer village-laid fields north of the Satpura (from Sanskrit शतपुरा, "Hundred Mountains") Hills. The 39.69-square-mile (10,280-hectare) buffer around the 7.31-square-mile (1,893-hectare) Bhimbetka rock shelters maintain the Amcha Kalan, Amcha Khurd, Bamnai, Banskuwar, Barkhera, Bhanpura, Bhiyanpura and Bhoot Palasi villages. They net Bhounrasa, Bineka, Borda, Diwatiya, Gautampur, Harrai, Karitalai, Kesalwara, Kumadi, Piplani Khurd, Nasipur, Tajpura and Tigariya villagers and long-standing Korku, numerous Gond and Pradhan tribespeoples.

Early historical rock paintings offer red-, white-, yellow-painted elephant and horse riders, religious scenes from Hindu mythology and of teak (Tectona grandis) gods, and Sanskrit inscriptions.

Medieval rock paintings perpetuate from Ajanta cave wall paintings and predict in Mandana, Pithora and Warli wall paintings black manganese oxide-, charcoal-, red hematite-painted geometric designs.

Major-General William Kincaid (Oct. 30, 1831-Feb. 11, 1909) qualified Bhimbetka rock shelters (from Sanskrit भीमबेटका, "[god-hero] Bhima's seat") in 1888 as Buddhist shrines opposite Lake Bhojtal. Research excavations since Vishnu Shridhar Wakankar's (May 4, 1919-April 3, 1988) 1957 survey and post-1970 investigations reveal Buddhist inscriptions and stupas (from Sanskrit स्तूप, "[memorial] dome"). Perhaps the same itinerant artisans supplied the Buddhist Ajanta cave wall paintings and the wealthy Hindu god Kubera's magical aerial chariot Pushpaka and yaksha attendant spirits.

Ancient treks from Buddhist north India and south Nepal still traverse the Bhimbetka rock shelters area in the 200th anniversary year of Ajanta cave wall paintings.

upper ceiling paintings of two elephants, with man, holding goad and spear in each hand and sword at his waist, standing on smaller elephant; below the elephants, a hunter has wounded a bull with his arrow; Trench III F-23, section facing north; Bhimbetka rock shelters, Madhya Pradesh, central India; Monday, March 28, 2016, 13:41: Anju2016, CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

depiction of a war scene in rock shelter 8; Bhimbetka rock shelters, Madhya Pradesh, central India; Wednesday, Dec. 4, 2013, 09:18: Bernard Gagnon, CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rock_Shelter_8,_Bhimbetka_02.jpg

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Marriner, Derdriu. 23 August 2019. "Warli Wall Paintings: 200th Anniversary of Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Earth and Space News

Friday, January 3, 2020

Bhimbetka: 200th Anniversary of Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings

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