Earth and Space News: Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings and Gardens and Bhimbetka Sanctuary Gardens

Summary: Perhaps Bhimbetka rock shelters and Bhimbetka sanctuary gardens anticipate Ajanta cave wall paintings and Ajanta sanctuary gardens.

Bhimbetka rock shelters and their natural, unofficial Bhimbetka sanctuary gardens perhaps are artisanal antecedents in central-north India of Ajanta cave wall paintings and their natural, unofficial Ajanta sanctuary gardens in central-west India.

Water and wind erosion of geological break-ups and succession vegetation respectively built the 243 100,000-year-old Bhimbetka rock shelters and their Bhimbetka sanctuary gardens in Madhya Pradesh. Itinerant artisans and monks created the 1,300- to 2,300-year-old Ajanta cave wall paintings and sculptures and cliffside, cliff-top and riverside Ajanta sanctuary gardens in Maharashtra state. Ajanta's black-, blue-, green-, red-, white- and yellow-painted ceilings, pillars and walls and Bhimbetka's 1,000- to 30,000-year-old red and white paintings display wildlife for different reasons.

Ajanta cave wall paintings and Bhimbetka rock shelters respectively expose animals from Buddha's (from Sanskrit बुद्ध, "awakened") enlightened existences and from killing expeditions by village hunters.

The seven-hill, 4,677.71-acre (1,893-hectare) Bhimbetka rock shelters and their 21-village, 25,402.43-acre (10,280-hectare) buffer zone function as semi-cultivated, semi-wild, unofficial Bhimbetka rain gardens and Bhimbetka sanctuary gardens.

The 20,366.43-acre (8,242-hectare) World Heritage Centre site and 194,412.63-acre (78,676-hectare) buffer zone since 1983 generate natural, semi-cultivated, semi-wild, unofficial Ajanta rain gardens and Ajanta sanctuary gardens. Overlapping Ajanta rain gardens and Ajanta sanctuary gardens and overlapping Bhimbetka rain gardens and Bhimbetka sanctuary gardens harbor edible flowering, fruiting, leafing non-woody and woody homes. Major Robert Gill (Sept. 26, 1804-April 10, 1875) initiated ecosystem imbalance and site impairment by killing 250 tigers (Panthera tigris) and varnishing Ajanta cave wall paintings.

Construction, geology, hunts, pollution, tourism and vandalism jeopardize cultural and ecological balances of two United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization's (UNESCO) World Heritage Centre sites.

Bhimbetka sanctuary gardens traditionally kindle barking deer (Muntiacus muntjak), blue bulls (Boselaphus tragocamelus), blue-eared kingfishers (Alcedo meninting), brainfever birds (Hierococcyx varius) and crimson-breasted barbets (Psilopogon haemacephalus).

Bhimbetka sanctuary gardens traditionaly lodge Eurasian hoopoes (Upupa epops), four-horned antelopes (Tetracerus quadricornis), golden jackals (Canis aureus), green bee-eaters (Merops orientalis) and Indian antelopes (Antilope cervicapra).They maintain Indian cobras (Naja naja), foxes (Vulpes bengalensis), gazelles (Gazella bennettii), grey mongooses (Herpestes edwardsi), hares (Lepus nigricollis), kraits (Bungarus caeruleus) and langurs (Semnopithecus entellus). Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus), porcupines (Hystrix indica), pythons (Python molurus), ratsnakes (Ptyas mucosa), robins (Copsychus fulicatus) and scaly anteaters (Manis crassicaudata) nestle near Bhimbetka rock shelters.

Semi-cultivated, semi-wild, Bhimbetka sanctuary gardens offer jungle cats (Felis chaus), monitor lizards (Varanus varius), oriental magpie-robins (Copsychus saularis), panthers (Panthera pardus) and rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta).

Bhimbetka sanctuary gardens around Bhimbetka rock shelters possess rufous treepies (Dendrocitta vagabunda), sambar deer (Rusa unicolor), sloth bears (Melursus ursinus) and small Indian civets (Viverricula indica).

Semi-cultivated, semi-wild, unofficial Bhimbetka sanctuary gardens traditionally queue up spotted deer (Axis axis), striped hyenas (Hyaena hyaena) and swamp deer (Rucervus duvaucelii) around Bhimbetka rock shelters. They traditionally receive tigers (Panthera tigris), white wagtails (Motacilla alba) and wild boar (Sus scrofa) as well as various babblers (Timaliidae family) and bats (Chiroptera order). They shelter bulbuls (Pycnonotidae family), doves and pigeons (Columbidae), drongos (Dicruridae), flycatchers (Tyrannidae), mynas (Sturnidae), parakeets (Psittacidae), partridges and quail (Phasianidae), vipers (Viperidae) and woodpeckers (Picidae).

Ajanta cave wall paintings and Bhimbetka rock shelters transmit something about Ajanta sanctuary gardens and much about Bhimbetka sanctuary gardens, whose wildlife ancient artisans once treasured.

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Paintings in the Bhimbetka rock shelters suggest the area's faunal abundance; Bhimbetka Rock Shelter 9 (No. III C-30) depicts a white horse facing a green, white and yellow floral setting (center) and a whitish elephant followed by a shrouded figure (right); Bhimbetka rock shelters, Madhya Pradesh, central India; Friday, Sep. 20, 2013, 15:09: Dinesh Valke from Thane, India, CC BY SA 2.0 Generic, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bhimbetka_rock_shelters_(9971329895).jpg; Dinesh Valke (Dinesh Valke), CC BY SA 2.0, Generic, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/dinesh_valke/9971329895/

Bhimbetka Rock Shelter 10 (No. III C-29) details a bird in a tree (on upper left branch); Bhimbetka rock shelters, Madhya Pradesh, central India; Friday, Sep. 20, 2013, 15:11: Dinesh Valke from Thane, India, CC BY SA 2.0 Generic, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bhimbetka_rock_shelters_(9971309344).jpg; Dinesh Valke (Dinesh Valke), CC BY SA 2.0 Generic, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/dinesh_valke/9971309344/

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Earth and Space News

Friday, January 17, 2020

Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings and Gardens and Bhimbetka Sanctuary Gardens

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