Drs Zhang and Mann Ace Green Industry Webinar on Irrigation Salinity

Summary: Drs Zhang and Mann Ace Green Industry Webinar Fri., Jul 24, 2026 on Irrigation Salinity: Is Reclaimed Wastewater the Solution to Urban Trees in Arid Area?

"God talks to human beings through many vectors: through each other, through organized religion, through the great books of those religions, through wise people, through art and music and literature and poetry, but nowhere with such detail and grace and color and joy as through creation. When we destroy a species, when we destroy a special place, we're diminishing our capacity to sense the divine, understand who God is and what our own potential is." Robert Francis Kennedy Jr., April 19, 2023, Boston Park Plaza Hotel, Back Bay, Boston, Massachusetts.


“And there’s many people out there who want us to move to the next planet already and I’m like, hang on, let’s not give up on this planet yet," William, Prince of Wales, July 31, 2023, Sorted Food food truck, London, England, United Kingdom.

Drs Zhang and Mann Ace Green Industry Webinar Fri., Jul 24, 2026, noon-1:30 p.m. Eastern Daylight Time (EDT) on Irrigation Salinity: Is Reclaimed Wastewater the Solution to Urban Trees in Arid Area?

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Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

IMAGE 1

IMAGE 2

For further information:

Gilman, Ed. 2011. An Illustrated Guide to Pruning. Third Edition. Boston MA: Cengage.

Hayes, Ed. 2001. Evaluating Tree Defects. Revised, Special Edition. Rochester MN: Safe Trees.

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 July 2026. "Drs Zhang and Mann Ace Green Industry Webinar on Irrigation Salinity." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 8 October 2025. "Drs Katy Crout Moretti, Kristy McAndrew Address Baldcypress Leafroller." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 23 July 2025. "July TREE Fund Avails Leveraging Data and Experience for Tree Equity." Earth and Space News. Wednesday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 18 June 2025. "Rolando Orellana Avails Creciendo Arboles Irrigation for Urban Trees." Earth and Space News. Wednesday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 7 June 2025. "Sharon Lilly and Alex Julius Author Tree Climbers’ Guide: Removal." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 24 May 2025. "Nick Oney Aces Fleet Management Solutions in Business of Arboriculture." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 14 May 2025. "Patricia Robinson Aids Creciendo Arboles Identifying, Evaluating Risks." Earth and Space News. Wednesday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 11 May 2025. "Thiabendazole Acts on Beech Leaf, Dutch Elm, Sycamore Anthracnose." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 10 May 2025. "Dr. Cadaval Aces Storm Collaboration and Preparedness for TREE Fund." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 12 April 2025. "Carolyn Mahan Aces IVM on Electric Transmission line ROW for TREE Fund." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 16 March 2025. "Hydraulic Conductivity Affects Plant and Root Water Potential." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 15 March 2025. "Plant and Root Hydraulic Systems Act Together About Water Potential." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 9 March 2025. "Hurricane Wind Resistance Rating, Machine Learning and Tree Species." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 8 March 2025. "Beau Brodbeck Avails Creciendo Arboles Construction-amiable Tree Care." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 2 March 2025. "Matthew Searels and Jessie McClellan Apprise Brand and Sales Etiquette." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 1 March 2025. "Soils Aid James Cassidy and EPA IPM Getting to the Root of the Problem." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 9 February 2025. "Arborist News February 2025 Airs Weathering the Storm by Warren Causey." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 4 January 2025. "How Are Two Magnolia, Two Maple Species’ Fine Roots After Waterlogging?" Earth and Space News. Saturday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 7 December 2024. "December 2024 Arborist News Apprises Us of Tree Inventory BMP Part I." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 3 March 2024. "Foliar Tissue Addresses Acer Heat Tolerance When Planning Urban Maples." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 18 January 2024. "System Failure From Ailing Water Transport Advises How Trees Grow Old." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 15 July 2023. "Soil Decompaction and Soil Amendments Affect Urban Soil Quality." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 24 June 2023. "Best Practices Affect Nonselective and Selective Root Pruning." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 13 May 2023. "UAS and LIDAR Apply to Distribution Utility Vegetation Management." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 8 April 2023. "Trees and Construction – The Design Phase Aces Tree Preservation Zones." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 11 March 2023. "Improved Model Estimates of Tree Debris Following Ice Storms Are Near." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 17 February 2023. "Chris Graves Aced Winter Tree ID 2 at Tennessee Urban Forestry Council." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 10 February 2023. "Theodore Eisenman Aired Tree Planting Initiatives as UMass Urban Forestry Today Webinar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 4 February 2023. "Green and White Variegated Trees Awe Nursery Industry and Tree Biology." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 3 February 2023. "Chris Graves Aired Winter Tree ID for Tennessee Urban Forestry Council." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 28 January 2023. "Kathryn Bronsky Adds Asian Longhorned Beetles to EPA IPM 2023 Webinars." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 14 January 2023. "Jay Dampier Adds Tree Diagnostics as Urban Forestry Today 2023 Webinar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 7 January 2023. "Propiconazole Infusions and Injections Arrest Laurel Wilt in Sassafras." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 31 December 2022. "How Tree Injections Are Administered Affects What They Achieve." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 27 November 2022. "Climbing Line and Ascent Technique Affect Load Magnitude and Frequency." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 29 October 2022. "Urban Forestry Around the Globe Assesses Private and Public Trees." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 2 October 2022. "Natural Enemies of Urban Landscape Pests Are Among Beneficial Insects." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 4 September 2022. "Urban Tree Canopy Placement Affects Summer Household Energy Savings." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 6 August 2022. "Five Common, Important Decay Fungi Afflict Urban Trees." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/08/five-common-important-decay-fungi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 July 2022. "Electrical and Mechanical Failures Arise From Utility Tree Failures." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/07/electrical-and-mechanical-failures.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 June 2022. "Cabling and Bracing Support Systems Address Tree Defects and Stresses." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/06/cabling-and-bracing-support-systems.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 May 2022. "Biochar Soil Amendments Advance Soil Quality and Tree Survival." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/03/remote-sensing-of-urban-forests-assures.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 April 2022. "Rapid Urban Site Index Allows Urban Forest and Tree Soil Assessments." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/04/rapid-urban-site-index-allows-urban.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 March 2022. "Remote Sensing of Urban Forests Assures Modern Urban Forestry a Future." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/03/remote-sensing-of-urban-forests-assures.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 February 2022. "Sonic Tomography Adds Internal Defects to Level 3 Tree Risk Assessment." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/02/sonic-tomography-adds-internal-defects.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 January 2022. "Private Tree Regulations Attempt to Avert Private Tree Canopy Loss." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/01/private-tree-regulations-attempt-to.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 January 2022. "Best Management Practices Advance Urban Tree Care and Urban Wildlife." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/01/best-management-practices-advance-urban.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 December 2021. "Integrated Vegetation Management Applies Balanced Control Methods." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/12/integrated-vegetation-management.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 November 2021. "Leafy, Woody Canopies and Diverse Species Augur Resilient Urban Trees." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/11/leafy-woody-canopies-and-diverse.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 October 2021. "Careful Selection, Planting and Post-Planting Assist Tree Longevity." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/10/careful-selection-planting-and-post.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 September 2021. "Energy Gain and Water Use Abet Radial Growth of Irrigated Urban Trees." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/09/energy-gain-and-water-use-abet-radial.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 August 2021. "Soil Assessments Address Low or Affirm High Quality of Urban Soils." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/08/soil-assessments-address-low-or-affirm.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 August 2021. "Lindsey Purcell Aired Late Season Pruning Impacts as TreeStuff Webinar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/08/lindsey-purcell-aired-late-season.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 July 2021. "Soil, Roots, Leaves, Dormant Buds Affect Stressed Eucalypt Seedlings." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/07/soil-roots-leaves-dormant-buds-affect.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 July 2021. "Nick Araya of TreeCareLA Addressed Palm Pruning as TreeStuff Webinar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/07/nick-araya-of-treecarela-addressed-palm.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 June 2021. "Native Wood-Borers Alarm Ornamental Landscape and Urban Forest Natives." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/06/native-wood-borers-alarm-ornamental.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 May 2021. "Structural Pruning of Callery Pear Adds Nothing to Branch Union Strength." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/05/structural-pruning-adds-no-branch-union.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 April 2021. "Stationary Rope Systems (SRS) Annul Friction by Ascents and Redirects." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/04/stationary-rope-systems-srs-annul.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 March 2021. "Inducing Agents and Synthetic Fungicides Axe Leaf Blotch and Pear Scab." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/inducing-agents-and-synthetic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 March 2021. "Shem Kendrick Added Modern At-Home Bonsai to TreeStuff Webinar Series." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/shem-kendrick-added-modern-at-home.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 February 2021. "Stationary Rope Systems (SRS) Allow Anchors, Ascent and Work Equipment." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/stationary-rope-systems-srs-allow.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 January 2021. "Street and Park Tree Inventories Since 1902 Assess Trees in Ithaca, NY." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/street-and-park-tree-inventories-since.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 December 2020. "Tree Defect Identification During Tree Inspections Averts Tree Failure." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/12/tree-defect-identification-during-tree.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 November 2020. "Reduction Pruning Utility Trees Affects CODIT and Epicormic Branches." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/11/reduction-pruning-utility-trees-affects.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 October 2020. "Arboricultural Operation Safety Standards Avert Adverse Events." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/10/arboricultural-operation-safety.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 September 2020. "Root-Stem Transition Zones Aim Loading Forces Through Roots and Soils." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/09/root-stem-transition-zones-aim-loading.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 August 2020. "Arboricultural Operation Safety Standards Are Country-Specific." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/08/arboricultural-operation-safety.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 July 2020. "Sensitivity Analyses Admit Ecosystem Disservice and Ecosystem Service." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/07/sensitivity-analyses-admit-ecosystem.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 June 2020. "Lignotubers Assure Arboricultural Management of Lignotuberous Shoots." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/06/lignotubers-assure-arboricultural.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 May 2020. "Included Bark Ages Safely With Fused, Entwining Natural Braces ." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/05/included-bark-ages-safely-with-fused.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 May 2020. "Trent Dicks Alerted TreeStuff Webinar Attendees to Spotted Lanternfly." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/05/trent-dicks-alerted-treestuff-webinar.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 April 2020. "Canker Identification and Canker Management Apply to Landscape Trees." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/04/canker-identification-and-canker.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 March 2020. "Arboricultural Operation Safety Training Averts Hazardous Incidents." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/03/arboricultural-operation-safety.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 February 2020. "Boundary-Spanning Collective Action Assuages Wildfire Risk in the West." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/02/boundary-spanning-collective-action.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 February 2020. "Biochar Applications Are Best With Compost and Fertilizer Applications." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/02/biochar-applications-are-best-with.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 January 2020. "Fungicide Injections Affect Dutch Elm Disease and Internal Decay." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/01/fungicide-injections-affect-dutch-elm.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 December 2019. "Pruning Cuts Applied Ably, Appropriately Are Best Management Practices." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/12/pruning-cuts-applied-ably-appropriately.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 November 2019. "Structural Growing Media and Supported Pavement Affect Tree Responses." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/11/structural-growing-media-and-supported.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 October 2019. "Tree Pruning Systems Answer to Best Management Practices." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/10/tree-pruning-systems-answer-to-best.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 September 2019. "Southeastern Street Tree Arthropod Pests Are Online Survey Subjects." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/09/southeastern-street-tree-arthropod.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 August 2019. "Cost Approach Approximates Plant Repair, Replacement or Restoration." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/08/cost-approach-approximates-plant-repair.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 July 2019. "Indirect Watering Devices Are There for Newly Transplanted Urban Trees." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/07/indirect-watering-devices-are-there-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 June 2019. "Plant Appraisal Data Collection Allies Off-Site and On-Site Research." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/06/plant-appraisal-data-collection-allies.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 May 2019. "Wire Basket Removal or Wire Basket Retention: Girdling or Stable Roots." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/05/wire-basket-removal-or-wire-basket.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 April 2019. "Woody Plant Appraisal Data Collection for Shrubs, Trees and Vines." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/04/woody-plant-appraisal-data-collection.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 March 2019. "Balancing Roadside Tree Benefits and Risk of Streetscape Tree Crashes." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/03/balancing-roadside-tree-benefits-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 February 2019. “Plant Appraisal Estimate, Scope, Data, Analysis, Reconciliation, Report.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/02/plant-appraisal-estimate-scope-data.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 January 2019. “Urban Tree Vulnerability in Residential Toronto, Ontario, Canada.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/01/urban-tree-vulnerability-in-residential.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 December 2018. "Plant Appraisal: Cost and Value Estimates and Economic Principles." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/12/plant-appraisal-cost-and-value.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 December 2018. "Six-Year Forest Health Ambassador Program of Oakville, Ontario, Canada." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/12/six-year-forest-health-ambassador.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 October 2018. "Nursery Production Systems: Tough Urban Landscape Trees on Rough Sites." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/10/nursery-production-systems-tough-urban.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 September 2018. "Induced-Resistance Agents, Silicon Fertilizers, Synthetic Fungicides." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/09/induced-resistance-agents-silicon.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 August 2018. "Nursery Production Systems for Successful Urban Tree Plantings." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/08/nursery-production-systems-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 July 2018. "Tree Roots Branch in Fabric Containers But Circle and Girdle Plastic." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/07/tree-roots-branch-in-fabric-containers.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 June 2018. "Wood Decay Fungi Management of Terminal Urban Pathogens." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/06/wood-decay-fungi-management-of-terminal.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 May 2018. "Downtown Commercial Streetscape Tree Populations in Toronto, Canada." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/05/downtown-commercial-streetscape-tree.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 April 2018. “Mushroom-Forming and Non-Mushroom-Forming Fungal Life Cycle Traits.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/04/mushroom-forming-and-non-mushroom.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 March 2018. “Emerald Ash Borer Rapid Response Community Preparedness Project.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/03/emerald-ash-borer-rapid-response.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 February 2018. “Tree Retention by Arborists for Wildlife Habitat Friendly Tree Care.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/02/tree-retention-by-arborists-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 January 2018. “Integrated Vegetation Management Study in North and South Yukon, Canada.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/01/integrated-vegetation-management-study.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 December 2017. “Tree Inventories: Preemptive and Proactive or Piecemeal and Reactive.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/12/tree-inventories-preemptive-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 November 2017. “Chlorantraniliprole Reduced-Risk Insecticides Get Leaf-Eaters Not Bees.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/11/chlorantraniliprole-reduced-risk.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 October 2017. “Palm Plant Health Care: Abiotic, Biotic Stress Culture and Management.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/10/palm-plant-health-care-abiotic-biotic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 September 2017. “Predawn Leaf Water Potentials Indicate Crown Dieback and Water Status.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/09/predawn-leaf-water-potentials-indicate.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 August 2017. “Palm Tree Identification and Pruning of Native and Naturalizable Palms.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/08/palm-tree-identification-and-pruning-of.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 July 2017. “Commonly Planted, Potentially Phytoremediating Street Tree Species.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/07/commonly-planted-potentially.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 June 2017. “Root Loss From Root Pruning and Root Shaving of Stem-Girdling Roots.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/06/root-loss-from-root-pruning-and-root.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 May 2017. “Age and Canopy Area Cost Less and Tell More in Urban Tree Inventories.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/05/age-and-canopy-area-cost-less-and-tell.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 April 2017. “Urban Root Management: Big Infrastructure, Small Space, Stressed Roots.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/04/urban-root-management-big.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 March 2017. “Flexural Elasticity Modulus: Trees and Watersprouts Bend or Break.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/03/flexural-elasticity-modulus-trees-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 February 2017. “Plant Health Care Diagnostics When Plants and Places Wrong One Another.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/02/plant-health-care-diagnostics-when.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 January 2017. “Tree Fertilization for Fine Root Growth and Whole Root System Effects.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/01/tree-fertilization-for-fine-root-growth.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 December 2016. “Abiotic and Biotic Stress in Low Maintenance Tree Health Care Programs.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/12/abiotic-and-biotic-stress-in-low.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 November 2016. “Organic Amendments to Compacted Degraded Urban Highway Roadsides.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/11/organic-amendments-to-compacted.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 October 2016. “Tree Protection Zones by Arborists for All Construction Project Phases.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/10/tree-protection-zones-by-arborists-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 September 2016. “Stormwater Runoff Landscaping With Urban Canopy Cover and Groundcover.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/09/stormwater-runoff-landscaping-with.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 August 2016. “Changing Places: Tree Nutrient Movement Down, Tree Water Movement Up.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/08/changing-places-tree-nutrient-movement.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 July 2016. “Treated or Untreated Oriental Bittersweet Vine Management Cut-Stumping.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/07/treated-or-untreated-oriental.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 June 2016. “Tree Injection Site Procedures: Manufacturer's Instructions and Labels.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/06/tree-injection-site-procedures.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 May 2016. “Electrical Utility Area Temperate Urban Street Trees: Pruned Regrowth.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/05/electrical-utility-area-temperate-urban.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 April 2016. “Tree Injection Methods: Treatment Option in Integrated Pest Management.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/04/tree-injection-methods-treatment-option.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 March 2016. “Bare-Rooted Ornamental Urban Transplants: Amendments Against Mortality.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/03/bare-rooted-ornamental-urban.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 February 2016. “Bark Protective Survival Mechanisms Foil Deprivation, Injury, Invasion.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/02/bark-protective-survival-mechanisms.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 January 2016. "LITA Model: Linear Index of Tree Appraisal of Large Urban Swedish Trees." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/01/lita-model-linear-index-of-tree.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 December 2015. “Tree Lightning Protection Systems: Site, Soil, Species True Designs.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/12/tree-lightning-protection-systems-site.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 October 2015. “Tree Lightning Protection Systems Tailored to Sites, Soils, Species.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/10/tree-lightning-protection-systems.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 August 2015. “Tree Friendly Urban Soil Management: Amend, Fertilize, Mulch, Till!” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/08/tree-friendly-urban-soil-management.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 June 2015. “Tree Friendly Urban Soil Management: Assemble, Assess, Assist, Astound.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/06/tree-friendly-urban-soil-management.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 April 2015. “Tree Wound Responses: Healthy Wound Closures by Callus and Woundwood.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/04/tree-wound-responses-healthy-wound.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 February 2015. “Urban Forest Maintenance and Non-Maintenance Costs and Benefits.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/02/urban-forest-maintenance-and-non.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 December 2014. “Tree Dwelling Symbionts: Dodder, Lichen, Mistletoe, Moss and Woe-Vine.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/12/tree-dwelling-symbionts-dodder-lichen.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 October 2014. “Tree Cable Installation Systems Lessen Target Impact From Tree Failure.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/10/tree-cable-installation-systems-lessen.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 August 2014. “Flood Tolerant Trees in Worst-Case Floodplain and Urbanized Scenarios.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/08/flood-tolerant-trees-in-worst-case.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 June 2014. “Integrated Vegetation Management of Plants in Utility Rights-of-Way.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/06/integrated-vegetation-management-of.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 April 2014. “Tree Twig Identification: Buds, Bundle Scars, Leaf Drops, Leaf Scars.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/04/tree-twig-identification-buds-bundle.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 February 2014. “Tree Twig Anatomy: Ecosystem Stress, Growth Rates, Winter Identification.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/02/tree-twig-anatomy-ecosystem-stress.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 December 2013. “Community and Tree Safety Awareness During Line- and Road-Clearances.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/12/community-and-tree-safety-awareness.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 October 2013. “Chain-Saw Gear and Tree Work Related Personal Protective Equipment.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/10/chain-saw-gear-and-tree-work-related.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 October 2013. “Storm Damaged Tree Clearances: Matched Teamwork of People to Equipment.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/10/storm-damaged-tree-clearances-matched.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 August 2013. “Storm Induced Tree Damage Assessments: Pre-Storm Planned Preparedness.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/08/storm-induced-tree-damage-assessments.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 June 2013. “Storm Induced Tree Failures From Heavy Tree Weights and Weather Loads.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/06/storm-induced-tree-failures-from-heavy.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 April 2013. “Urban Tree Root Management Concerns: Defects, Digs, Dirt, Disturbance.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/04/urban-tree-root-management-concerns.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 February 2013. “Tree Friendly Beneficial Soil Microbes: Inoculations and Occurrences.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/02/tree-friendly-beneficial-soil-microbes.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 December 2012. “Healthy Urban Tree Root Crown Balances: Soil Properties, Soil Volumes.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/12/healthy-urban-tree-root-crown-balances.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 October 2012. “Tree Adaptive Growth: Tree Risk Assessment of Tree Failure, Tree Strength.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/10/tree-adaptive-growth-tree-risk.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 August 2012. “Tree Risk Assessment Mitigation Reports: Tree Removal, Tree Retention?” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/08/tree-risk-assessment-mitigation-reports.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 June 2012. “Internally Stressed, Response Growing, Wind Loaded Tree Strength.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/06/internally-stressed-response-growing.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 April 2012. “Three Tree Risk Assessment Levels: Limited Visual, Basic and Advanced.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/04/three-tree-risk-assessment-levels.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 February 2012. “Qualitative Tree Risk Assessment: Risk Ratings for Targets and Trees.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/02/qualitative-tree-risk-assessment-risk.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 February 2012. “Qualitative Tree Risk Assessment: Falling Trees Impacting Targets.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/02/qualitative-tree-risk-assessment.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 December 2011. “Tree Risk Assessment: Tree Failures From Defects and From Wind Loads.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/12/tree-risk-assessment-tree-failures-from.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 October 2011. “Five Tree Felling Plan Steps for Successful Removals and Worker Safety.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/10/five-tree-felling-plan-steps-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 August 2011. “Natives and Non-Natives as Successfully Urbanized Plant Species.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/08/natives-and-non-natives-as-successfully.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 June 2011. “Tree Ring Patterns for Ecosystem Ages, Dates, Health and Stress.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/06/tree-ring-patterns-for-ecosystem-ages.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 April 2011. “Benignly Ugly Tree Disorders: Oak Galls, Powdery Mildew, Sooty Mold, Tar Spot.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/04/benignly-ugly-tree-disorders-oak-galls.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 February 2011. “Tree Load Can Turn Tree Health Into Tree Failure or Tree Fatigue.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/02/tree-load-can-turn-tree-health-into.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 December 2010. “Tree Electrical Safety Knowledge, Precautions, Risks and Standards.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/12/tree-electrical-safety-knowledge.html

Irrigation Salinity: Is Reclaimed Wastewater the Solution to Urban Trees in Arid Area? Soil salinization occurs naturally or due to human activities, such as irrigation. Irrigation salinity often happens in arid or semi-arid region. It is because almost all irrigation water (even natural rainfall, picked up from atmospheric aerosol) contains some dissolved salts. The dissolved salts content can be very high in some water sources such as surface or ground water, reclaimed waste water, and fertilizer-added water. After the water is used by plants or evaporated, the salts–excess amount of plant nutrients and non-nutrients–stay in the soil. With time, it builds up the salinity. Most plants can handle salinity to a certain degree. But when it is too high, plants start to be stressed and the growth can be significantly affected. In wet climates, precipitation can be used to reduce salinity during the wet season as long as the soil is not heavy clay, not compacted and not waterlogged. However, in arid and semi-arid climates, the salinity can built up over years and decades. The more irrigation water one use, the more salt it is introduced to the soil. For most agricultural crops, this slow salinity buildup may affect the yield. But farmers can switch to more salt tolerant crops. In the case of urban forests, vineyards and orchards that meant to stay in one place for decades and centuries, irrigation with water sources with high salt content is like a slow suicide and it will become catastrophic on a future day. How to reduce irrigation salinity? Reduce irrigation and reduce evaporation! Then make the best use of natural precipitation (the best source of water for irrigation) during the rainy season to rinse the salts off. This talk will introduce new technologies that can achieve all the above by reducing 90% of irrigation water use, capturing rainwater and by releasing the water when triggered by the presence of salt. Learning objectives: Learn about sources of soil salinity and the current state of art on irrigation Discuss the purposes of growing urban trees, their benefits and why irrigation salinity makes it hard to realize the long term benefits of urban trees Learn a novel solution to irrigation salinity that will not only reduce the soil salinity, but also improve the overall health of trees Preapproved for 1 CEU/PDH by ISA VNLA and LACES. Speakers (2) Wei Zhang TreeDiaper (Zynnovation LLC) Education Coordinator The Institute of Soil Genomics for Healthy Community Forestry Gordon Mann Mann Made Resources gordon@mannandtrees.com Arboriculture and Community Forestry Coordinator The Institute of Soil Genomics for Healthy Community Forestry OUTLINE history of irrigation salinity, urban forest benefits challenges longterm sustainability, watering irrigation water source soi salinity irrigation salinity, conventional solutions to soil salinity including irrigation salinity for both agriculture and urban forest, novel solutions to HISTORY of agriculture and irrigation Dan French executive producer Solar Farm Summit fertile crescent and rise of agriculture THE worlds first farm fields first irrigation system 90% rainfall drylands evaporates back into atmosphere poor drainage high water table trapped Thorkild Jacobsen Robert M Adams salt and silt in ancient mesopotamian agriculture science 21 nov 1958 v128 no3334 progressive changes in soil salinity and sedimentation THE consequences from wheat to barley to decline 3500bc sumerian grew roughly 50:50 wheat barley 2500bc wheat disappeared from so mesopotamia because wheat low salinity tolerance man crop barley more salt tolerant 1700bc even barley not survive rising salt levels crop fields plummeted drastically resulted widespread land abandonment, shift of power depleted food economic power great so sumerian cities like ur and uruk ANCIENT civilizations ruined or severely crippled by soil saliniation sumerians 4500-1700 mesopotamia iraq tigris euphrates primary water source tultimate agricultua UN fao soil salinity map vs precipitation map USADA/forest service sustaining americas urban trees and forest 2010 urban america lower 48 states 3.5%land mass 82% population urban forests will become increasingly critical to sustaining environmental quality and human well-being in urban areas MANN tree benefits public health mental improvements stress learning heat-island effect reduction sacramento every community canopy cover goal risk fire insurance issues 2011 us forest service study every dollar spent on planting and caring for a community tree yields benefits that are 2 to 5 times that investment - benefits that include cleaner air, lower energy costs, improved water quality and storm water control, increased property values, and health of citizens 2 to 5 times investment volunteers work THE cost and benefits of urban forestry benefit with maintenance, without maintenance, cost with without maintenance phase in tree lifecycle immature semimature mature senescent benefits or costs vs time maintenance activities planting pruning removal tee and urban forest structure establishment survival growth condition size canopy cover leaf area function evapotranspiration photosynthesis intercept rain less than optimal maintenance leads to fewer benefits produced by urban forest benefits stormwater runoff reduction carbon stored value dollars sustainability TOTAL cost per tree planted nyc 2150 nyc parks actual tree planting costs oct 27 2020 richmond 256 per tree planted by contractors US DOE database of utilities that produce reclaimed wastewater and sell it back to their customers as of 2012 ca nv nm SOIL salinity is slowly killing urban trees in arid climate 27 million sca trees at risk of dying, leaving behind post-oasis landscape IMPACTS of reclaimed wastewater on urban trees biggest study palo alto sf bay area parks redwood resilient but tip dieback LOng term sustainability of urban forestry when using reclaimed wastewater redwood tree monitoring study 2009-2016 investigating the impacts of recycled water on long-lived conifers REASONS for plant decline/death incompatibility of species for environment (design) insufficient soil volume to sustain tree design site, poor growing practices at grower horticultural, soil compaction GENERAL causes of soil salinization dry climate insufficient precipitation to flush salt out, high evaporation rate, poor drainage waterlogging, introduced by irrigation fertilization irrigation with water sources high salinity and or with added fertilizer, coastal breeze flooding sea level rise, waste site leakage, deicing salt MANN says only way move salt out flush with water SALINITY sources more specific to urban soil coastal flooding, deicing salts, fertilization, high salinity ground water used for irrigation, reclaimed waste water all but top the more you use the ore salinity you add to soil OVERWATERING too common beaverton or, san diego ca, aurora co, huntsville ar, richmond va NOELLE johnson the az plant lady dry climate gardening more plant problems caused due to over-watering than underwatering 70% of residential water usage goes to watering trees and plants in your landscape over-water their trees and plants must look at soil to know which HOW much water do trees need HOW much of water do trees get this is for agricultural fields it doesnt count evaporation from soil surface for urban forestry watr application efficiency can only be lower TOdd E Dawson Deterining water use by trees and forests from isotopic, energy balance and transpiration analyses: the roles of tree size and hydraulic lift, tree physiology, 1996 ( IS sodium chloride in fertilizers about 2 million tons salt used for agriculture in us according to us geological survey, sodium and chloride commonly found in fertilizers sodium nitrate about 140 million tons yearly potassium chloride about 70 million tons yearly sodium nitrate NaNO3 + IRRIGATION water and soil salinity irrigation with fresh water 500 ppm TDS, twice a wk with total water usage 2 inch weekly, 1/4 acre irrigated area, 180 days yearly watering, total salt added to soil 733 pounds, irrigation with reclaimed water 1000 ppm TDS, twice wk with total water usage 1 inch weekly, 1/4 acre irrigated area, 180 days yearly watering, total salt added to soil 1465 pounds SOLUTIONS to soil salinity in agriculture reduce salt buildup by reducing watering amount if salt introduced irrigation, rinse with fresh water with low salinity, drain push salt down to below rootzone, add organic matter that hold water so reduce watering frequency, use cover crops and mulch to protect ground SOLUTIONS to soil salinity in urban forest for annual crops cant change to more salt tolerant crops because ideally stay 100s years, reduce salt buildup by reducing watering amount if salt is introduced irrigation, rinse with fresh water but impervious surface means stormwater, drain push salt down to below rootzone but urban soil typically very compacted, add organic matter old water so reduce watering frequency, cant use cover crops and mulch to protect ground surface and reduce evaporative losses, chemical amendments but what does gypsum salt do to salt, reduce fertilization UN fao soil salinity map 30 inch annual precipitation vs precipitation map SOIL particles and their surface chemistry sodium chloride NaCl sand 0.05 to 2mm, silt 0.002-0.05mm, montmorillionite (clay) less than 0.002mm SURFACE area versus particle size for certain volume of soil finer soil particles HOW remove salt from ground drainge and tiem for diffusion application of gypsum calcium sulfate or lime calcium ions can IS there any other method we knew impervious surfaces in urban area creates large amount stormwater runoff, urban trees in vicinity of impervious surfaces, leaching/washing only way to get rid of salt, irrigation water one of cause of soi salinity so may not be solution IF impervious surface accounts for 90% of urban area then every inch of rain means 10 inch useful rainwater on landscape PHOENIX az annual rainfall 7-8 inches potential evapotranspiration 70 inches but 90% or more impervious surfaces means rainwater that can be used on permeable space 10 times of reported annual rainfall PLANT available water maybe use solid water with air pockets instead of liquid water? additional plant available water above field capacity HOW does TreeDiaper solid water with air pockets work charging with rain/irrigation/stormwater via osmosis WHAT is solid water with air pockets both top and bottom layers permeable to water and air top layer together with mulch DIFFERENT from watering bags IS there any other methods water absorbency greatly reduced in reclaimed water from waste water salt water ground water with high salt content, capacity can be reached with rainwater, when in contact with salt charge TreeDiaper treemats release water due to change in capacity HYPOTHESIS when deicing salt spilled onto SWAP demow tih salt and 1000 ppm TDS water 500 g solid water with air pockets 10 g salt, less air pockets 10 minutes, more liquid water 60 minutes RINSE with collected rain water 4 times for later use WATERING with 1000 ppm TDS water hibiscus 1000 ppm water june 23, 2025 swap 50 percent off sales, three months later 1000 ppm water swap sep 1 2025 soil electric c 1128 uS/cm 8uS/cm, soil EC 3780 uS/cm or 3.78 ms/cm 120 uS/cm or 0.2 ms/cm april 2026, watering with 1000 ppm TDS water jul 24, 2026 EXPERIMENT Without solid water with air pockets black mulch EXPERIMENT process 10 oz salt air spray on leaves without, with solid water with air pockets gravity brings water down, applied on root zone, 18 oz salt air spray on leaves, 26 oz salt applied on root zone w, wout solid water with air pockets, 3 oz RESULTS TreeDiaper offeed no protection against air spray on leaves all died with 21 oz salt, TD protected plants with root application TREE well fairfax county capturing and releasing SWAP reducing irrigation frequency THE main difference between solid water with air pockets with super absorbent polymers HOW do road salts affect soil microbiome a soi genomics view soil genomics is like DNA test but for soil microorganisms MANN bring soil back to natural form QUESTIONS variable salinity, available after recording, how salt enters water growing concentation not continuous flow, recycling doesnt remove all salt, overwatering underwatering same look whether recycled or reclaimed leaves may not tell all salt damage use soil probe or spade to check soil moisture, test soil salinity, specialist studies of urban runoff, longer watering time must be drained, roof parking lot water best, better class run water doesnt help, absorb rainwater, softeners soften doesnt remove salt zhang 540 239 2438 does all reclaimed water have the same range of salinity or does this vary jurisdiction to jurisdiction will the slide show be avilable to participants after the presentation maybe im issed this in the beginning but what is the source of the salinity in the reclaimed water thats causing the damage to the plants in these studies what is the hydrogel made of is there a filter system that helps reduce salinity when using reclaimed wastewater is there a soil probe for testing soil salinity does someone else have their microphone on will there be a link to take the quiz for laces credit what are water districts doing to reduce the increasing salinity in the recycled water long term is thee any research on household brown water salinity collected to use in landscape irrigation how does soaps from sinks and showers affect trees the increasing use of water softeners is also a major culprit for the increasing salt in recycled water it would need to be desalinated water districts are not considering desalination? does rainwater have salinity i accidentally got knocked out of the webinar like 3 times but came back within like 10 seconds i should still meet the requirements to get my ceu correct you said overwatering and underwatering have the same symptoms on trees with or without using recycled water Arre there nay way you could tell the difference between overwatering and underwatering again with or without recycled water we are starting to use reclaimed water in parks what is your preferred list of salinity adapted trees has salinity in urban runoff been studied can salinity in irrigation water decrease with longer run times what diameter tree does Tree Diaper accommodate LACES quiz https://forms.gle/RTN6hmMu1JMqBTqa9 recording https://web.cvent.com/hub/events/d5788836-d8fe-4cf6-ab90-247613663e09/sessions/ffc361c1-77e3-4759-a594-d4f5ba048ad1