200th Anniversary Year of Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings: Ajanta Cave 20

Summary: Ajanta cave 20 avails the 200th anniversary year of Ajanta cave wall paintings and sculptures of seven sculpted Manushi Buddhas in central-west India.

The sanctum in Ajanta Cave 20 presents the Buddha preaching his first sermon at Sarnath's Deer Park and depicts seven Manushi Buddhas on lintel; Ajanta Caves, Maharashtra, central-west India; Wikimedia Commons page created Monday, Sep. 5, 2016, 17:06, by Anupamg via UploadWizard: Anupamg, CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons

Ajanta cave 20, like Ajanta cave 22, acquaints the 200th anniversary year of European-accessed Ajanta cave wall paintings and sculptures in central-west India with seven sculpted Manushi Buddhas who assumed human appearances.

Ajanta cave 20 sculpture and Ajanta cave 11 paintings broach seven Manushi (from Sanskrit मनुषी, "feminine, humane") Buddhas (from Sanskrit बुद्ध, "awakened") in north-central Maharashtra state. Theravada (from Sanskrit स्थविरवाद, "elders' doctrine") Buddhism considers as Manushi the three last Buddhas from the vyuhakalpa (glorious aeon, from Sanskrit व्यूह, "formation" and कल्प, "world-period"). It designates as the fourth through seventh Manushi Buddhas the first through fourth Buddhas of the bhadrakalpa (auspicious aeon, from Sanskrit भद्र, "blessed" and कल्प, "world-period").

Ajanta cave wall paintings in Ajanta cave 22 expose the next, eighth Manushi Buddha even as sculptures in Ajanta cave 20 emphasize the latest, seventh Manushi.

Theravada Buddhism features 998th vyuhakalpa and first Manushi Buddha Vipassi as child in Bandhumatinagara of warrior-chief Bandhuma and Bandhumati, husband of Sutana and parent of Samavattakkhandha.

Theravada Buddhism gives 999th vyuhakalpa and second Manushi Buddha Sikhi as child in Arunavattinagara of warrior-chief Arunavatti and Pabhavati, husband of Sabbakama and father of Atulapundarika. It has the 1,000th vyuhakalpa and third Manushi Buddha Vessabhu as child in Anupamanagara of warrior-chief Suppatita and Yasavati, husband of Sucitta and parent of Suppabuddha. The first bhadrakalpa and fourth Manushi Buddha is Kakusandha, child in Khemavatinagara of chaplain Aggidatta and Visakha, husband of Virocamana (or Rocani) and parent of Uttara.

The 200th anniversary year juggles seven Manushi Buddhas, European-accessed since April 28, 1819, in Ajanta cave 20 sculptures and Ajanta cave wall paintings in cave 22.

Theravada Buddhism knows second bhadrakalpa and fifth Manushi Buddha Kanakamuni as child in Sobhagavatinagara of Yannadatta, Brahman (from Sanskrit ब्राह्मण, "priest") like Kakusandha's parents, and Uttara.

It lists the third bhadrakalpa and sixth Manushi Buddha Kassappa as child in Isipatana of brahmins Brahmadatta and Dhanavati, husband of Sunanda and parent of Vijitasena. It mentions fourth bhadrakalpa and seventh Manushi Buddha Gautama as child in Lumbini of warrior-king Suddhodana and Queen Mahamaya, husband of Yasodhara and parent of Rahula. Gautama (from Sanskrit गोतम, "light [dispels] darkness") Buddha, like vyuhakalpa Buddhas Sikhi, Vessabhu and Vipassi, nestles into kshatriya (from Sanskrit क्षत्रिय, "protector of gentle people") niches.

Ajanta cave 20 offers the 200th anniversary year of Ajanta cave wall paintings and sculptures three priest and four warrior caste members among seven Manushi Buddhas.

The 53.15- by 58.76-foot (16.2- by 17.91-meter) vihara (from Sanskrit विहार, "walking [hall]") possesses one pillared veranda with stone-beamed, stone-raftered ceilings, two-arched door and two windows.

Ajanta monastery cave 20 queues up one antechamber, one pillarless hall, one sanctum sanctōrum (Latin, from Hebrew קֹדֶשׁ הַקֳּדָשִׁים, "holy of holies") and four dormitory cells. It reveals amid fragmentary paintings and sculpted attendants, including Gautama Buddha's cousin Ananda, of seven Manushi Buddhas, and Hindu mythological monster fishes, snakes, sprites and tortoises. A Brahmi-scripted statement suggests Ajanta subking Upendra as source of the Ajanta cave 20 mandapa (from Sanskrit मण्डप, "[attached or detached pillared] pavilion [hall or porch]").

Ajanta cave 20 tenders the 200th anniversary year of European-accessed Ajanta cave wall paintings and sculptures makara sea-monsters, naga serpents, salabhanjika sprites and seven Manushi Buddhas.

ground plan for Ajanta Cave 2o (lower); ca. 1850 pen-and-ink and wash drawing of ground plans of Ajanta caves 15 and 20 by Major Robert Gill (Sept. 26, 1804-April 10, 1879), from album of 26 ground plans and 16 folios of drawings of sculpture and architectural details in the Ajanta Caves, held at The British Library, St. Pancras, Central and North West London; Wikimedia Commons page created Sunday, Oct. 29, 2017, 13:42, by Ms Sarah Welch via UploadWizard: Ms Sarah Welch, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

The sanctum in Ajanta Cave 20 presents the Buddha preaching his first sermon at Sarnath's Deer Park and depicts seven Manushi Buddhas on lintel; Ajanta Caves, Maharashtra, central-west India; Wikimedia Commons page created Monday, Sep. 5, 2016, 17:06, by Anupamg via UploadWizard: Anupamg, CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ajanta_Caves_113.jpg

ground plan for Ajanta Cave 2o (lower); ca. 1850 pen-and-ink and wash drawing of ground plans of Ajanta caves 15 and 20 by Major Robert Gill (Sept. 26, 1804-April 10, 1879), from album of 26 ground plans and 16 folios of drawings of sculpture and architectural details in the Ajanta Caves, held at The British Library, St. Pancras, Central and North West London; Wikimedia Commons page created Sunday, Oct. 29, 2017, 13:42, by Ms Sarah Welch via UploadWizard: Ms Sarah Welch, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ground_Plan_of_Cave_15_and_Cave_20,_Ajanta,_1850_sketch.jpg

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