Wire Basket Removal or Wire Basket Retention: Girdling or Stable Roots

Summary: An article in Arboriculture & Urban Forestry May 2019 asks if wire basket removal or wire basket retention affects American ash girdling or stable roots.

A nine-year study reported in Arboriculture & Urban Forestry's May 2019 issue considers root girdling or stability in wire basket removal or retention of nine-year-old Fraxinus americana 'Autumn Purple' transplants; McKay Nursery Company @McKayNurseryCompany, via Facebook Oct. 5, 2012

An article by a nurseryman and three University researchers for Arboriculture & Urban Forestry May 2019 analyzes nine-year-old ash transplants for girdling or stable roots, wire basket removal or wire basket retention.

The article Impacts of Wire Basket Retention and Removal on Fraxinus americana 'Autumn Purple' growth nine years after transplanting begins with tree care industry removal recommendations. Bob Bleicher, Richard Hauer, Andrew Koeser and Ryan Klein consider full or partial wire basket removal versus wire basket retention for root-ball protection and tree survival. The Nebraska nurseryman, University of Wisconsin researcher and two University of Florida researchers describe 300-plus surveyed arborists' and landscapers' wire basket removal or alteration before transplanting.

Bonnie Appleton's and Scharlene Floyd's survey from 2004 equates wire basket retention with girdling buttress roots; injured, restricted roots and vascular flow; and growth-destabilizing, stress-effectuated decline.

Carol Goodwin and Glen Lumis's and Jeff Edgar, Richard Hauer, Andrew Koeser and David Kleinhuizens' controlled studies in 1992 and 2015 feature two- to three-year findings.

The Bleicher, Hauer, Klein, Koeser nine-year, 2019-published study gets ground-breaking status for first-time comparative controlled assessments of American white ash (Fraxinus americana) and longest time frames. Eagle Nursery, LLC mechanically harvested 45 1.5-inch (3.8-centimeter) field-grown ashes Nov. 29-30, 2008, and randomly had 15 each as balled-and-burlapped full-removal, balled-and-burlapped wire-intact or spaded transplants. Twenty-eight-inch (71-centimeter) skid steer-mounted hydraulic tree spades directly inserted ball-, burlap-, wireless ashes into silty clay-loamed United States Department of Agriculture Hardiness Zone 5b planting locations.

Forty-five ashes pruned for basal, crossing, dead, wind-damaged branches juggled four-gallon (15-liter) drip-irrigated hourly rates, 2- to 4-inch (5- to 10-centimeter) hardwood mulch and weed-controlling glyphosate.

Annual trunk caliper measurements 6 inches (1.2 centimeters) above soil lines after autumnal leaf drop knew increases from 1.5-inch (3.8-centimeter) first-year to 4-inch (10.23-centimeter) ninth-year diameters.

Full-removal, spaded and wire-intact transplant calipers lacked overall significant differences but logged marginal fifth- through ninth-year differences with 4.2-inch (10.86-centimeter), 4.01-inch (10.20-centimeter) and 3.78-inch (9.62-centimeter) diameters. Annual tree height measurements manifested marginal overall differences since full-removal, spaded and wire-intact transplants managed similar increases from 121-inch (308-centimeter) first-year to 254-inch (645-centimeter) ninth-year heights. Above-average temperatures and extreme drought netted perhaps fourth- and fifth-year moisture stress and limited tree growth in 2013 without any mortality rates because of supplemental watering.

The nine-year study offers wire basket removal and wire basket retention as less important than post-transplant activities and site factors such as watering and rooting-soil volumes.

The Appleton and Floyd survey perceives wire basket retention as more problematic than wire basket removal by posing tripping hazards and presenting stump-grinders with embedded wires.

Natural burlap, if multi-layered, quells root-growing and synthetic burlap quickens root-girdling, both respectively queuing up among balled-and-burlapped materials for cutting away or for avoiding or removing. Present and previous studies reveal cutting away natural burlap versus natural burlap removal, wire basket removal versus wire basket retention as arborists' and landscapers' personal choices. Natural burlap removal and wire basket removal from pre-planted transplants for windy sites, unlike removal from or retention on transplants non-staked on calm sites, suggest staking.

Nine years of tracking root growth and stability, tree diameter and tree height team wire basket removal versus wire basket retention with larger versus smaller calipers.

Present and previous studies find that arborists' and landscapers' personal choices determine wire basket removal or retention: Julia Malakie @JuliaMalakie, via Twitter Sept. 8, 2013

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

A nine-year study reported in Arboriculture & Urban Forestry's May 2019 issue considers root girdling or stability in wire basket removal or retention of nine-year-old Fraxinus americana 'Autumn Purple' transplants: McKay Nursery Company @McKayNurseryCompany, via Facebook Oct. 5, 2012, @ https://www.facebook.com/McKayNurseryCompany/photos/a.136780156362833/465757863465059/

Present and previous studies find that arborists' and landscapers' personal choices determine wire basket removal or retention: Julia Malakie @JuliaMalakie, via Twitter Sept. 8, 2013, @ https://twitter.com/JuliaMalakie/status/376815622279032832

For further information:

Appleton, Bonnie; and Scharlene A. Floyd. July 2004. "Wire Baskets -- Current Products and Their Handling at Planting." Journal of Arboriculture 30(4): 261-265.

Goodwin, Carol; and Glen Lumis. May 1992. "Embedded Wire Tree Roots: Implications for Tree Growth and Root Function." Journal of Arboriculture 18(3): 115-123.

Julia Malakie ‏@JuliaMalakie. 8 September 2013. "Now we know why last tree died. Balled&burlap planted in its wire basket. Don't make that mistake! #NewtonMA #trees." Twitter.
Available @ https://twitter.com/JuliaMalakie/status/376815622279032832

Klein, Ryan W.; Richard J. Hauer; Andrew K. Koeser; and Bob Bleicher. May 2019. "Impacts of Wire Basket Retention and Removal on Fraxinus americana 'Autumn Purple' Growth Nine Years After Transplanting." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 45(3): 79-84.

Koeser, Andrew; Richard Hauer; Jeff Edgar; and David Kleinhuizen. January 2015. "Impacts of Wire Basket Retention and Removal on Planting Time, Root-Ball Condition, and Early Growth of Acer platanoides and Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 41(1): 18-25.

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