Summary: Puerto Rican rain gardens act against surface runoff and as appropriate icons for American wetlands month May 2019 and Puerto Rico Five-One statehood.
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| Enthusiastic commitment to Puerto Rican gardens by Wilma Pastrana Jiménez, 13th First Lady of Puerto Rico (Jan. 2, 2013-Jan. 2, 2017), led to official People's Gardens recognition Dec. 14, 2013, by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Natural Resources Conservation Service Caribbean Area Office for her home garden at La Fortaleza, the official residence of the Governor of Puerto Rico: Wilma Pastrana Jiménez @WilmaPastranaOficial, via Facebook Aug. 22, 2014 |
Puerto Rican rain gardens are American wetlands month May 2019 and Puerto Rico Five-One statehood icons because they attract American tourists to, and surface runoff from, Caribbean and North American Plate-affected beaches.
American wetlands month May 2019 beckons to boggy, swampy wetlands for being atmospheric carbon capturers, climate mitigators, storm buffers, water absorbers and filters, and wildlife-friendly habitats. It considers rain gardens created wetlands that capture the first 0.5 to 1.0 inches (13 to 26 millimeters) of rainfall events and cater to water cycles. José Juan Terrasa-Soler of Marvel & Marchand Architects, San Juan, Puerto Rico designs plant palettes from United States Army Corps of Engineers-detailed Caribbean wetland plant lists.
The Terrasa-Soler publication from Jan. 26, 2016, enlists 87 species that embrace the non-woody ferns, forbs, grasses and sedges and woody palms, shrubs, trees and vines.
Puerto Rican rain gardens feature native wetland Boston swordferns (helecho espada locally, Nephrolepis exaltata scientifically), with 2- by 3-foot (0.61- by 0.91-meter) evergreen heights and spreads.
Puerto Rico rain gardens get Caribbean canna (maraca de bosque, Canna jaegeriana) and climbing (cohítre, Commelina diffusa) and white-mouth (cohítre azul, Commelina erecta) dayflower native forbs. They have Clifford's lobelia (cardenala azul, Lobelia cliffortiana), coastal-beach (lechecillo costero, Euphorbia mesembrianthemifolia) and prostrate (lechecillo prostrado, Euphorbia prostrata) sandmat and Mexican-tea (apazote, Dysphania ambrosioides) forbs. Puerto Rican rain gardens include among native wetland forbs American black nightshade (yerba mora, Solanum americanum), narrow-leaved pitcairnia (piña cortadora, Pitcairnia angustifollia) and Puerto Rican clearweed (Piilea leptophylla).
Surface runoff journeys, away from community gardens, into Puerto Rican rain gardens because of the latters' air- and water-porous, downward-sloping rims and sides with permeable soils.
Coastal-plain creeping-oxeye (margarita de las rocas, Wedelia fruticosa) knows lower- and upper-ranging heights and spreads as native wetland forbs and shrubs in Puerto Rican rain gardens.
Puerto Rican rain gardens, as American wetlands month 2019 and Puerto Rico Five-One statehood icons, lodge West Indian foxtail grass (barbas de indio, Andropogon bicornis) graminoids. They maintain Baldwin's (Cyperus croceus), mangrove (junco de agua, Cyperus ligularis) and roadside (Cyperus sphacelatus) flat sedge and hairy grass (arrocillo, Paspalum paniculatum) native wetland graminoids. Tropical whitetop (yerba de estrella, Rhynchospora radicans) nestles alongside ferns, forbs, other native wetland graminoids, shrubs, trees and vines as American wetlands month May 2019 icons.
Puerto Rico royal palm trees (palma real, Roystonea borinquena) occur as Puerto Rico Five-One statehood icons and the only palm species in Puerto Rican rain gardens.
Puerto Rican rain gardens present coco-plum (icaco, Chrysobalanus icaco), firebush (balsamillo, Hamelia axillaris) and scarletbush (bálsamo, Hamelia patens) native shrubs as Puerto Rico Five-One statehood icons.
Lower- and upper-ranging heights and spreads qualify mountain oak (roble de sierra, Tabebuia rigida) and red rodwood (hoja menuda, Myrcia citrifolia) as native shrubs or trees. Matchwood (yagrumo macho, Schefflera morototonii), West Indian laurel (palo María, Calophyllum antillanum) and yucca plum-pine (caobilla, Podocarpus coriaceus) represent native trees as Puerto Rico Five-One icons. Jardines pluviales en Borinquén (rain gardens in the Brave People's Land) support bayhops (bejuco de playa, Ipomoea pes-caprae) and giant philodendron (yautía cimarrona, Philodendron giganteum) vines.
Native plants in jardines de lluvia en Puerto Rico ("Puerto Rican rain gardens"), as American wetlands month icons, turn surface runoff into atmospheric and soil moisture.
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| Students demonstrate their inventions for studying marine life and protecting water quality for Wilma Pastrana Jiménez, 13th First Lady of Puerto Rico, at Jardín Hundido Doña Inés María Mendoza de La Fortaleza de Puerto Rico: Wilma Pastrana Jiménez @WilmaPastranaOficial, via Facebook Aug. 4, 2014 |
Acknowledgment
My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.
Image credits:
Image credits:
Enthusiastic commitment to Puerto Rican gardens by Wilma Pastrana Jiménez, 13th First Lady of Puerto Rico (Jan. 2, 2013-Jan. 2, 2017), led to official People's Gardens recognition Dec. 14, 2013, by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Natural Resources Conservation Service Caribbean Area Office for her home garden at La Fortaleza, the official residence of the Governor of Puerto Rico: Wilma Pastrana Jiménez @WilmaPastranaOficial, via Facebook Aug. 22, 2014, @ https://www.facebook.com/WilmaPastranaOficial/posts/443591109117419
Students demonstrate their inventions for studying marine life and protecting water quality for Wilma Pastrana Jiménez, 13th First Lady of Puerto Rico, at Jardín Hundido Doña Inés María Mendoza de La Fortaleza de Puerto Rico: Wilma Pastrana Jiménez @WilmaPastranaOficial, via Facebook Aug. 4, 2014, @ https://www.facebook.com/WilmaPastranaOficial/photos/a.436065933203270/436066283203235/
For further information:
For further information:
Acevedo-Rodríguez, Pedro; and Mark T. Strong. "Monocots and Gymnosperms of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands." Smithsonian Institution Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, volume 52. Washington, DC: National Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany.
Available @ https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/004a/986d74b6583f4b5520161c08946033b0455f.pdf
Available @ https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/004a/986d74b6583f4b5520161c08946033b0455f.pdf
Gann, George D.; J. Carlos Trejo-Torres; and C.G. Stocking. 2015-2018. "Plantas de la Isla de Puerto Rico / Plants of the Island of Puerto Rico." The Institute for Regional Conservation > Online Resources.
Available @ https://www.regionalconservation.org/ircs/database/plants/ByElevationPR.asp?Elevation=3
Available @ https://www.regionalconservation.org/ircs/database/plants/ByElevationPR.asp?Elevation=3
Lichvar, Robert W. 17 July 2013. "The National Wetland Plant List: 2013 Wetland Ratings." Phytoneuron 2013-49: 1-241.
Available @ http://www.phytoneuron.net/2013Phytoneuron/49PhytoN-2013NWPL.pdf
Available @ http://www.phytoneuron.net/2013Phytoneuron/49PhytoN-2013NWPL.pdf
Liogier, Henri Alain.; and Luis F. Martorell. 2000. Flora of Puerto Rico and Adjacent Islands: A Systematic Synopsis. Second Edition corrected and revised by Henri Alain Liogier. San Juan PR: Editorial de la Universidad de Puerto Rico.
"Lista de Flora de Culebra." Villa Mi Terruña > Flora Culebra > Base de datos de Flora de Culebra.
Available @ http://www.villamiterruno.com/floradatabase.php
Available @ http://www.villamiterruno.com/floradatabase.php
Marriner, Derdriu. 12 May 2019. "Stripe-Headed Tanagers: Fitness Month 2019, Puerto Rico Five-One Icons." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/05/stripe-headed-tanagers-fitness-month.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/05/stripe-headed-tanagers-fitness-month.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 5 May 2019. "Puerto Rican Parrots, Fitness Month 2019 and Puerto Rico Five-One Icons." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/05/puerto-rican-parrots-fitness-month-2019.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/05/puerto-rican-parrots-fitness-month-2019.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 21 April 2019. "Puerto Rican Todies, Earth Month 2019 and Puerto Rico Five-One Icons." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/04/puerto-rican-todies-earth-month-2019.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/04/puerto-rican-todies-earth-month-2019.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 20 April 2019. "Puerto Rican Nightjars: Earth Month 2019, Puerto Rico Five-One Icons." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/04/puerto-rican-nightjars-earth-month-2019.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/04/puerto-rican-nightjars-earth-month-2019.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 14 April 2019. "Puerto Rican Screech-Owls Earth Month 2019, Puerto Rico Five-One Icons." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/04/puerto-rican-screech-owls-earth-month.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/04/puerto-rican-screech-owls-earth-month.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 7 April 2019. "Earth Month, Puerto Rican Green Mango Hummingbirds and Sea Hibiscus." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/04/earth-month-puerto-rican-green-mango.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/04/earth-month-puerto-rican-green-mango.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 31 March 2019. "Puerto Rican Emerald Hummingbirds and Puerto Rican Statehood." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/03/puerto-rican-emerald-hummingbirds-and.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/03/puerto-rican-emerald-hummingbirds-and.html
Terrasa-Soler, José Juan. 26 January 2016. "Recommended Species for Rain Gardens, Bioswales, and Bioretention Cells in Puerto Rico and the Caribbean Islands." San Juan PR: The Office of Marvel & Marchand Architects.
Available @ https://jterrasa.files.wordpress.com/2016/02/recommended-species-for-rain-gardens-bioswales-bioretention-cells-in-puerto-rico-and-caribbean-islands_jose-j-terrasa-soler_2016.pdf
Available @ https://jterrasa.files.wordpress.com/2016/02/recommended-species-for-rain-gardens-bioswales-bioretention-cells-in-puerto-rico-and-caribbean-islands_jose-j-terrasa-soler_2016.pdf
USDA-NRCS [United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service]; St. Croix Environmental Association (SEA); and Horsley Witten Group, Inc. 27 October 2012. Rain Garden Plants. Hato Rey PR: USDA-NRCS Caribbean Area.
Available @ https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/stelprdb1166757.pdf
Available @ https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/stelprdb1166757.pdf
Wilma Pastrana Jiménez @WilmaPastranaOficial. 4 August 2014. "La primera dama, Wilma Pastrana Jiménez, comparte con varios de los estudiantes, quienes le mostraron sus creaciones para ayudar al estudio de la vida submarina y de igual forma contribuir a proteger la calidad del agua. #ProyectosdeVida." Facebook.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/WilmaPastranaOficial/photos/a.436065933203270/436066283203235/
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/WilmaPastranaOficial/photos/a.436065933203270/436066283203235/
Wilma Pastrana Jiménez @WilmaPastranaOficial. 22 August 2014. "Shared a link." Facebook.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/WilmaPastranaOficial/posts/443591109117419
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/WilmaPastranaOficial/posts/443591109117419
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