Summary: Uranian moon Perdita was found May 18, 1999, in images taken Jan. 18, 1986, by Voyager 2 during the probe's flyby of the seventh planet from the sun.
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| "Discovery Image of Satellite 1986 U 10 of Uranus, Erich Karkoschka, University of Arizona, May 1999, Image Taken by Voyager 2 on January 23, 1986," image taken Thursday, Jan. 23, 1986, by Voyager 2 spacecraft's narrow-angle camera shows (first arrow; upper right edge) designation of Perdita as "1986 U 10," with arrow pointing to its location; image credit Voyager 2, NASA, Erich Karkoschka (U. Arizona): Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons |
Uranian moon Perdita was discovered Tuesday, May 18, 1999, in images obtained Saturday, Jan. 18, 1986, by Voyager 2 during the interstellar and planetary space probe's flyby of the seventh planet from the sun.
Perdita groups as one of 11 satellites of Uranus imaged by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Voyager 2 during the robotic interstellar spacecraft's flyby of icy, planetary side-spinner Uranus from late autumn 1985 through winter 1986. Voyager 2 returned more than 7,000 photographs to the Voyager Science Imaging Team during the probe's observational Uranian encounter from Monday, Nov. 4, 1985, to Tuesday, Feb. 25, 1986, according to John Uri, NASA Johnson Space Center's History Office manager, in "35 Years Ago: Voyager 2 Explores Uranus," posted Jan. 22, 2021, on the NASA website.
The discovery of the new Uranian satellite 13 years 4 months after its appearance in Voyager 2 images taken Saturday, Jan. 18, 1986, was announced in International Astronomical Union Circular (IAUC) No. 4168, dated Jan. 27, 1986, by the publication's editor, British lost asteroid and comet tracker Brian G. (Geoffrey) Marsden (Aug. 5, 1937-Nov. 18, 2010). The discovery information was communicated by Erich Karkoschka, planetary scientist at the University of Arizona's (Arizona; U of A; UArizona; UA) Lunar and Planetary Laboratory (LPL) in Tucson, Pima County, south central Arizona. The new satellite appeared in seven Voyager 2 images that Karkoschka had compared with images obtained by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), one of NASA's series of four Great Observatories satellites. The yet-unnamed Perdita was credited with an estimated diameter of 40 kilometers, based upon an assumedly similar albedo to that of proximitous satellites, and an orbital radius of 76,416 kilometers.
The Voyager 2 probe's instrumentation includes a two-camera system comprising a wide-angle camera with a focal length (f) of 1500 millimeters (mm)and a narrow-angle camera with a focal length of 200 millimeters. As with all Uranian satellites imaged by Voyager 2, Perdita was found in 15.36-second exposures obtained by the space probe's narrow-angle camera, according to W.M. Owen Jr. and S.P. Synnott in "Orbits of the Ten Small Satellites of Uranus" (page 1268), published in the May 1987 issue of The Astronomical Journal.
Perdita is categorized as an inner satellite. The orbit of Miranda, the innermost and smallest of the system's five major satellites, parameterizes the Uranian system's 13 inner satellites. Perdita's orbit lies between the ν (nu) and μ (mu) rings, the respectively 12th and 13th outermost rings in the Uranian system.
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| Yet-unnamed Perdita, labelled as rediscovered Uranian inner satellite S/1986 U10 (lower left), in Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) High Resolution Channel (HRC) image, exposure date Aug. 25, 2003, created from HST data from proposal 9823; M. Showalter (Stanford University/NASA Ames) and J. Lissauer (NASA Ames); image release date September 25, 2003 11:00AM (EDT); Release ID 2003-29: May be freely used as in the public domain, via NASA Hubblesite |
Perdita is categorized as an inner satellite. The orbit of Miranda, the innermost and smallest of the system's five major satellites, parameterizes the Uranian system's 13 inner satellites. Perdita's orbit lies between the ν (nu) and μ (mu) rings, the respectively 12th and 13th outermost rings in the Uranian system.
Perdita qualifies as one of nine members of the Portia Group of Uranian satellites. The Portia Group is headed by and named after its largest member, Portia (S/1986 U1). Belinda (S/1986 U5), Bianca (S/1986 U9), Cressida (S/1986 U3), Cupid (S/2003 U2), Desdemona (S/1986 U6), Juliet (S/1986 U2) and Rosalind (S/1986 U 4) join Perdita and Portia as the group's other seven members.
Similarities in orbits and photometric properties unite the Portia Group, as explained in "Comprehensive Photometry of the Rings and 16 Satellites of Uranus with the Hubble Space Telescope," published in the May 2001 issue of Icarus by the group's definer and namer, Erich Karkoschka. The study's photometric analyses considered 41 images taken in 1997 with the Hubble Space Telescope's (HST) Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) and Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS).
The Portia Group evinces short-term and long-term orbital instability and such potentially "chaotic behavior" as orbit crossings or collisions, as researched by American planetary astronomer Richard G. French, American astrophysicist Rebekah I. (Ilene) Dawson and American planetary astronomer Mark R. Showalter in "Resonances, Chaos, and Short-Term Interactions Among the Inner Uranian Satellites" and published in the April 2015 issue of The Astronomical Journal. The Portia Group also exhibits specific member pairings. The trio of Cupid, Belinda and Perdita exhibits "quite strong coupled behavior" (3.2 Orbital Variations in the Time Domain), with Belinda "sandwiched between" Perdita as the trio's outermost satellite and Cupid as the innermost satellite (3.4.2 Cupid, Belinda, and Perdita).
The Portia Group's nine members concentrate between the ε (epsilon) ring and the outermost μ (mu) ring. Their "tightly packed" orbits cover a radial span of 20,000 kilometers, as determined in "Resonances, Chaos, and Short-Term Interactions Among the Inner Uranian Satellites."
Perdita's name remembers the daughter of Leontes, King of Sicily, and Hermione, Queen of Sicily, in A Winter's Tale, a romantic, happily-ending play first published in 1623 by Elizabethan poet William Shakespeare (bapt. April 26, 1564-April 23, 1616). The satellite's name complies with the convention of naming the Uranian system's satellites after characters from Shakespearean plays or from "Rape of the Lock," a satirical narrative poem first published anonymously in May 1712 by Enlightenment era poet, satirist and translator Alexander Pope (May 21, 1688-May 30, 1744), according to "Planet and Satellite Names and Discoverers" on the International Astronomical Union's U.S. Geological Survey-managed Gazeteer of Planetary Nomenclature website.
The International Astronomical Union also has appended systemic Roman numeral designations I to XXVII to the names and provisional designations of 27 Uranian satellites. Perdita is designated Uranus XXV, abbreviated as UXXV.
Scott Sander Sheppard (born Feb. 19, 1977), an American astronomer with the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism at the Carnegie Institution for Science in Washington, DC, discovered the Uranian system's 28th satellite on Saturday, Nov. 4, 2023. The outer satellite, which has a diameter of 8 kilometers and an orbital period of 680 days, has received the temporary designation of S/2023 U1, according to "New moons of Uranus and Neptune announced," posted as Breaking News Feb. 23, 2024, on the Carnegie Institution of Science website.
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| Near-infrared (NIR) wide-field image obtained Monday, Sep. 4, 2023, by NASA's James Webb Space Telescope's NIRCam (Near-Infrared Camera) reveals Uranus’s seasonal north polar cap and dim inner and outer rings; annotations identify nine of the Uranian system's 13 inner satellites (top, clockwise: Perdita, Rosalind, Puck, Belinda, Desdemona, Cressida, Bianca, Portia, Juliet) and Titania (upper left center), Oberon (upper right center), Umbriel (center right), Miranda (lower center) and Ariel (lower center right) as the system's five major moons; image credits NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons |
Acknowledgment
My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.
Image credits:
Image credits:
"Discovery Image of Satellite 1986 U 10 of Uranus, Erich Karkoschka, University of Arizona, May 1999, Image Taken by Voyager 2 on January 23, 1986," image taken Thursday, Jan. 23, 1986, by Voyager 2 spacecraft's narrow-angle camera shows (first arrow; upper right edge) designation of Perdita as "1986 U 10," with arrow pointing to its location; image credit Voyager 2, NASA, Erich Karkoschka (U. Arizona): Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Uranus'_Satellite_1986_U10_Discovery_Image.jpg; via Internet Archive Wayback Machine @ https://web.archive.org/web/20000815092629/http://science.opi.arizona.edu/pics/disc2.jpg
Yet-unnamed Perdita, labelled as rediscovered Uranian inner satellite S/1986 U10 (lower left), in Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) High Resolution Channel (HRC) image, exposure date Aug. 25, 2003, created from HST data from proposal 9823; M. Showalter (Stanford University/NASA Ames) and J. Lissauer (NASA Ames); image release date September 25, 2003 11:00AM (EDT); Release ID 2003-29: May be freely used as in the public domain, via NASA Hubblesite @ https://hubblesite.org/contents/media/images/2003/29/1418-Image.html?news=true
Near-infrared (NIR) wide-field image obtained Monday, Sep. 4, 2023, by NASA's James Webb Space Telescope's NIRCam (Near-Infrared Camera) reveals Uranus’s seasonal north polar cap and dim inner and outer rings; annotations identify nine of the Uranian system's 13 inner satellites (top, clockwise: Perdita, Rosalind, Puck, Belinda, Desdemona, Cressida, Bianca, Portia, Juliet) and Titania (upper left center), Oberon (upper right center), Umbriel (center right), Miranda (lower center) and Ariel (lower center right) as the system's five major moons; image credits NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Annotated_Moons_of_Uranus.png; via NASA James Webb Space Telescope Mission @ https://www.nasa.gov/missions/webb/nasas-webb-rings-in-holidays-with-ringed-planet-uranus/
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