Summary: Uranian moon Ophelia was discovered in images taken Monday, Jan. 20, 1986, by Voyager 2 during the probe's flyby of the seventh planet from the sun.
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| Ophelia (S/1986 U8; upper) and Cordelia (S/1986 U7; lower) shepherd the bright ε (epsilon) ring in image obtained Tuesday, Jan. 21, 1986, by Voyager 2 at a distance of 4.1 million kilometers (2.5 million miles); JPL (Jet Propulsion Laboratory) Photojournal addition date June 19, 1999; image credit NASA/JPL: Courtesy NASA/JPL-Caltech, May be used for any purpose without prior permission, via NASA JPL Photojournal PIA01976 |
Uranian moon Ophelia was discovered in images obtained Monday, Jan. 20, 1986, by Voyager 2 during the robotic interstellar and planetary spacecraft's flyby of the seventh planet from the sun.
The discovery of two Uranian satellites newly discovered in Voyager 2 images dated Monday, Jan. 20, 1986, was stated in International Astronomical Union Circular (IAUC) No. 4168, dated Jan. 27, 1986, by the publication's editor, British lost asteroid and comet tracker Brian G. (Geoffrey) Marsden (Aug. 5, 1937-Nov. 18, 2010). The discovery news was reported, on behalf of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Voyager Science Imaging Team, by American planetary astronomer and Voyager mission lead imaging scientist B.A. (Bradford Adelbert) Smith (Sep. 22, 1931-July 3, 2018). As the eighth new satellite of Uranus discovered in 1986, the yet-unnamed Ophelia was designated provisionally as S/1986 U8, as indicated in the circular from the IAU's Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams (CBAT). Ophelia was detailed with a revolution period of 7.92 hours; ; an orbital semimajor axis, or, primary body-to-secondary (orbiting) body mean distance, of 49,300 kilometers; and a satellite diameter of 20 kilometers.
Ophelia belongs to a group of 11 satellites of Uranus that Voyager 2 imaged during the space probe's flyby of the cyan-colored, side-spinning, planetary ice giant Uranus from late autumn 1985 through winter 1986. Voyager 2 conveyed more than 7,000 photographs to The National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Voyager Science Imaging Team during the robotic spacecraft's observational encounter with Uranus from Monday, Nov. 4, 1985, to Tuesday, Feb. 25, 1986.
Ophelia shares its discovery date with Cordelia. Ophelia's provisional designation of S/1986 U8 signifies its placement as the eighth Uranian satellite discovered in 1986 and also as the second of the year's two Jan. 20, 1986, Uranian satellites discoverees. As the seventh Uranian satellite discovered in 1986 and as the first of the year's two Jan. 20, 1986, discoverees, Cordelia was designated provisionally as S/1986 U7.
The Voyager 2 spacecraft's instruments include a two-camera system, comprising a wide-angle camera with a focal length (f) of 1500 millimeters (mm) and a narrow-angle camera with a focal length of 200 millimeters. As with 11 satellites imaged by Voyager 2, Ophelia and Cordelia were captured in 15.36-second exposures obtained by the space probe's narrow-angle camera, according to American astronomers and Voyager scientists William Mann Owen Jr. and Stephan P. Synnott in "Orbits of the Ten Small Satellites of Uranus" (page 1268), published in the May 1987 issue of The Astronomical Journal.
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| "Discovery Image of Satellite 1986 U 10 of Uranus, Erich Karkoschka, University of Arizona, May 1999, Image Taken by Voyager 2 on January 23, 1986," image taken Thursday, Jan. 23, 1986, by Voyager 2 spacecraft's narrow-angle camera shows (third from left; bottom edge) designation of Ophelia, with arrow pointing to its location; image credit Voyager 2, NASA, Erich Karkoschka (U. Arizona): Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons |
The Voyager 2 spacecraft's instruments include a two-camera system, comprising a wide-angle camera with a focal length (f) of 1500 millimeters (mm) and a narrow-angle camera with a focal length of 200 millimeters. As with 11 satellites imaged by Voyager 2, Ophelia and Cordelia were captured in 15.36-second exposures obtained by the space probe's narrow-angle camera, according to American astronomers and Voyager scientists William Mann Owen Jr. and Stephan P. Synnott in "Orbits of the Ten Small Satellites of Uranus" (page 1268), published in the May 1987 issue of The Astronomical Journal.
Ophelia is classified as an inner Uranian satellite. The orbits of the Uranian system's 13 inner satellites are delimited by the orbit of Miranda, the innermost and smallest of the system's five major moons. As the second innermost of the 13 inner satellites, Cordelia orbits between the ε (epsilon) and ν (nu) rings, the system's respectively 11th and 12th outermost rings.
Ophelia places as the second closest satellite to its parent planet, Uranus, according to "Uranus' Natural Satellites" on NASA GSFC's (Goddard Space Flight Center) StarChild website. Ophelia and its discovery date partner, Cordelia, qualify as shepherd moons in the Uranian system. Via their gravity, the two Jan. 20, 1986, discoverees prevent dispersal of particles in the ε (epsilon) ring, the system's 11th outermost ring.
Ophelia namesakes the tragic daughter of Polonius in The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, often shortened to Hamlet, a tragedy published in 1608 by Elizabethan poet William Shakespeare (bapt. April 26, 1564-April 23, 1616). The satellite's name recognizes the convention of naming the Uranian system's satellites after characters from Shakespearean plays or from "The Rape of the Lock," a satirical narrative poem first published anonymously in May 1712 by Enlightenment era poet, satirist and translator Alexander Pope (May 21, 1688-May 30, 1744), according to "Planet and Satellite Names and Discoverers" on the International Astronomical Union's U.S. Geological Survey-managed Gazeteer of Planetary Nomenclature website.
The International Astronomical Union has identifed 27 Uranian satellites with systemic Roman numeral designations I to XXVII. Ophelia is known as Uranus VII, abbreviated as UVII.
Scott Sander Sheppard (born Feb. 19, 1977), an American astronomer with the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism at the Carnegie Institution for Science in Washington, DC, discovered the Uranian system's 28th satellite on Saturday, Nov. 4, 2023. The outer satellite, which has a diameter of 8 kilometers and an orbital period of 680 days, has received the temporary designation of S/2023 U1, according to "New moons of Uranus and Neptune announced," posted as Breaking News Feb. 23, 2024, on the Carnegie Institution of Science website.
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| Tuesday, June 10, 2008, schematic of Uranian system's rings and inner satellites shows Ophelia (upper center) in orbit near ε (epsilon) ring: Ruslik0, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons |
Acknowledgment
My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.
Image credits:
Image credits:
Cordelia (S/1986 U7; lower) and Ophelia (S/1986 U8; upper) shepherd the bright ε (epsilon) ring in image obtained Tuesday, Jan. 21, 1986, by Voyager 2 at a distance of 4.1 million kilometers (2.5 million miles); JPL (Jet Propulsion Laboratory) Photojournal addition date June 19, 1999; image credit NASA/JPL: Courtesy NASA/JPL-Caltech, May be used for any purpose without prior permission, via NASA JPL Photojournal PIA01976 @ https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA01976; Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Uranus_rings_and_two_moons.jpg
"Discovery Image of Satellite 1986 U 10 of Uranus, Erich Karkoschka, University of Arizona, May 1999, Image Taken by Voyager 2 on January 23, 1986," image taken Thursday, Jan. 23, 1986, by Voyager 2 spacecraft's narrow-angle camera shows (third from left; bottom edge) designation of Ophelia, with arrow pointing to its location; image credit Voyager 2, NASA, Erich Karkoschka (U. Arizona): Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Uranus'_Satellite_1986_U10_Discovery_Image.jpg; via Internet Archive Wayback Machine @ https://web.archive.org/web/20000815092629/http://science.opi.arizona.edu/pics/disc2.jpg
Tuesday, June 10, 2008, schematic of Uranian system's rings and inner satellites shows Ophelia (upper center) in orbit near ε (epsilon) ring: Ruslik0, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Uranian_rings_scheme.png
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