Summary: Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022, whereby the National Audubon Society acclaims Arctic, near-Arctic American wildlife, adds Mount Katmai to wild November.
"God talks to human beings through many vectors: through each other, through organized religion, through the great books of those religions, through wise people, through art and music and literature and poetry, but nowhere with such detail and grace and color and joy as through creation. When we destroy a species, when we destroy a special place, we're diminishing our capacity to sense the divine, understand who God is and what our own potential is." Robert Francis Kennedy Jr., April 19, 2023, Boston Park Plaza Hotel, Back Bay, Boston, Massachusetts.
“And there’s many people out there who want us to move to the next planet already and I’m like, hang on, let’s not give up on this planet yet," William, Prince of Wales, July 31, 2023, Sorted Food food truck, London, England, United Kingdom.
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| A 1912 eruption added a crater lake, and the Novarupta vent as neighbor, to Mount Katmai. Twenty-eighth Unitedstatesian President (March 4, 1913-March 4, 1921) Woodrow Wilson (Dec. 28, 1856-Feb. 3, 1924) thereby added the area to the National Monument list, thanks to the Antiquities Act of 1906; September 1980 image of Katmai Crater, Alaska Southwest, by Captain Budd Christman, NOAA Corps: NOAA Photo Library, CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Flickr |
Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022, whereby the National Audubon Society acclaims Arctic, near-Arctic American wildlife in continental and insular Alaska and Canada, adds the large composite stratovolcano Mount Katmai to wild November.
Mount Katmai belongs etymologically to Russian settlement of Alaska (from Aleut alaxsxaq, “mainland, that toward which the action of the sea is directed” via Russian Аля́ска). Katmai (from Russian Ка́тмай, “mount”) claims, additionally to Russian-settlement (1774-1867) connections, biogeographical configurations within Katmai National Park and Preserve on the Alaska Peninsula of southwest Alaska. National-monument designation in 1918 by Woodrow Wilson (Dec. 28, 1856-Feb. 3, 1924), 28th Unitedstatesian President (March 4, 1913-March 4, 1921), defended only the Novarupta volcano area.
The Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act December 2, 1980, established the 4,093,077-acre (6,395.43-square-mile, 16,564.09-square-kilometer) Katmai National Park and Preserve that edges extreme tidal-flowing Shelikof Strait.
The 150- by 25- to 30-statue-mile (240- by 40- to 48-kilometer) Пролив Шелихова seaform, for Grigory Shelikhov [July 20, 1747-July 31, 1795]), flows along Kodiak Island.
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| The Novarupta (from Latin nova rupta, "newly erupted") vent adjoins Mounts Griggs (for Robert Fiske Grigggs, Aug. 22, 1881-June 10, 1962), Katmai, Mageik and Martin (for George C. Martin, July 18, 1875-June 22, 1943) as five vents around the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes in Katmai National Park and Preserve on the Alaska Peninsula of southwest Alaska; August 1991 image of "Katmai National Park and Preserve, Alaska. Novarupta lava dome (dark, rounded feature in center), viewed from Mount Katmai, which is surrounded by (clockwise from upper left) Falling Mountain, Baked Mountain, and Broken Mountain. The Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, upper right, was created by the June 1912 eruption of Novarupta Volcano," by Christopher "Chris" J. Nye, Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys (DGGS): Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons |
The 150- by 25- to 30-statue-mile (240- by 40- to 48-kilometer) Пролив Шелихова seaform, for Grigory Shelikhov [July 20, 1747-July 31, 1795]), flows along Kodiak Island.
Katmai National Park and Preserve guards good glimpses strait-ward of Kodiak Island and Shelikof Strait and park-ward of Novarupta volcano and Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes. It houses, since 1912, the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes as fumaroles (gas-, steam- and vapor-emitting Earth-surface vents, from Latin fūmus -ārium -olum, “smoke place little”). The Novarupta (from Latin nova rupta, “newly erupted”) area includes Mount Griggs, Mount Mageik and Mount Martin stratovolcano (from Latin stratus and Vulcānus, “stretched-out fire-god”) vents.
Mount Katmai jubilates wild November on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 and wild year-round as 70,000-year activest of five stratovolcanoes inhabiting the Aleutian Range’s Novarupta area.
Internal pressure kindles stratovolcanic eruptions of molten matter from magma (from Greek μάγμα, “paste”) chambers that keep a maximum of molten rock from mantle-melted, moving plates.
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| Katmai National Park and Preserve adorns the southwest Alaskan coastline across from Kodiak Island and alongside Shelikof Strait (Пролив Шелихова seaform, for Grigory Shelikhov [July 20, 1747-July 31, 1795]); August 2015 image of "Oblique map of Katmai National Park, showing the entire park and volcanoes in full color from a three-dimensional perspective. This map is beautiful -- it’s one of my favorites from any park!" restored and cleaned by Matt Holly, National Park Service (NPS) Visualization Specialist: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons |
Internal pressure kindles stratovolcanic eruptions of molten matter from magma (from Greek μάγμα, “paste”) chambers that keep a maximum of molten rock from mantle-melted, moving plates.
Alaskan surfaces lie atop a rocky, thin crust logging North American and Juan de Fuca tectonic (from Greek τεκτονικός, “carpenter” via Latin tectonicus, “architecture-, building-related”) plates. Continental and oceanic crusts move downward, sideward, upward atop the hot, soft Earth mantle that melts any plate moving 60 miles (97 kilometers) down into it. Gas-niching molten matter navigates upward from the mantle that nets respective crust- and core-ward temperatures of 1832 and 6692 degrees Fahrenheit (1000 and 3700 degrees Celsius).
The central vent in Mount Katmai, and all stratovolcanoes, orients gas-, rock- and vapor-occupied magma ousted from the mantle, through the crust, into the magma chamber.
Peregrinatory pressure pulls chamber walls apart and puts ashy, cindery, rocky magma through the vent surface as lava (from Latin labōs, “work” via Latin lābēs, “fall”).
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| Katmai (from Russian Ка́тмай, “mount”) National Park and Preserve afforests the Alaska Peninsula of southwest Alaska; "Map of the Kodiak Island," created by cartographer Karl Musser, based on USGS (U.S. Geological Survey) data and uploaded Thursday, March 22, 2007, 19:32: Karl Musser (Kmusser), CC BY SA 2.5 Generic, via Wikimedia Commons |
Peregrinatory pressure pulls chamber walls apart and puts ashy, cindery, rocky magma through the vent surface as lava (from Latin labōs, “work” via Latin lābēs, “fall”).
The 6.3-mile (10-kilometer) diameter Mount Katmai quarters a central, lake-filled, 2- by 3-mile (3.2- by 4.8-kilometer) caldera (from Latin caldāria, “warm bath” via Spanish caldera, “cauldron”). The 1912 Novarupta eruption realized the 6,716-foot- (2,047-meter-) high caldera rim with its 4,220-foot- (1,286-meter-) high crater-lake surface 820 feet (249.4 meters) above the crater-lake floor. Katmai National Park and Preserve shelters red foxes, red-throated loons, Arctic terns, moose, ptarmigans, Savannah sparrows, caribou as wild January, February, April, May, June, August 2023.
Mallards, king eiders, brown bears, caribou, Mount Katmai and snowy owls turn Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 into wild January, August, September, October, November and December.
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| Mount Katmai allies with the more northerly volcanoes along the Alaska Peninsula of southwest Alaska. It appears among 15 active volcanoes in Katmai National Park and Preserve; "Map of Alaska volcanoes katmai," from Christina Neal, Robert McGimsey and Michael F. Diggles, Volcanoes of the Alaska Peninsula and Aleutian Islands—Selected Photographs (2002): Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons |
Acknowledgment
My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.
Image credits:
Image credits:
A 1912 eruption added a crater lake, and the Novarupta vent as neighbor, to Mount Katmai. Twenty-eighth Unitedstatesian President (March 4, 1913-March 4, 1921) Woodrow Wilson (Dec. 28, 1856-Feb. 3, 1924) thereby added the area to the National Monument list, thanks to the Antiquities Act of 1906; September 1980 image of Katmai Crater, Alaska Southwest, by Captain Budd Christman, NOAA Corps: NOAA Photo Library, CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/noaaphotolib/5179721550/; CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Line0173_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library.jpg; Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Katmai_Crater_1980.jpg
The Novarupta (from Latin nova rupta, "newly erupted") vent adjoins Mounts Griggs (for Robert Fiske Grigggs, Aug. 22, 1881-June 10, 1962), Katmai, Mageik and Martin (for George C. Martin, July 18, 1875-June 22, 1943) as five vents around the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes in Katmai National Park and Preserve on the Alaska Peninsula of southwest Alaska; August 1991 image of "Katmai National Park and Preserve, Alaska. Novarupta lava dome (dark, rounded feature in center), viewed from Mount Katmai, which is surrounded by (clockwise from upper left) Falling Mountain, Baked Mountain, and Broken Mountain. The Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, upper right, was created by the June 1912 eruption of Novarupta Volcano," by Christopher "Chris" J. Nye, Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys (DGGS): Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Novarupta_lava_dome_viewed_from_Mount_Katmai.jpg
Katmai National Park and Preserve adorns the southwest Alaskan coastline across from Kodiak Island and alongside Shelikof Strait (Пролив Шелихова seaform, for Grigory Shelikhov [July 20, 1747-July 31, 1795]); August 2015 image of "Oblique map of Katmai National Park, showing the entire park and volcanoes in full color from a three-dimensional perspective. This map is beautiful -- it’s one of my favorites from any park!" restored and cleaned by Matt Holly, National Park Service (NPS) Visualization Specialist: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NPS_katmai-3d-map.jpg; via National Park Maps @ https://npmaps.com/wp-content/uploads/katmai-3d-map.jpg
Katmai (from Russian Ка́тмай, “mount”) National Park and Preserve afforests the Alaska Peninsula of southwest Alaska; "Map of the Kodiak Island," created by cartographer Karl Musser, based on USGS (U.S. Geological Survey) data and uploaded Thursday, March 22, 2007, 19:32: Karl Musser (Kmusser), CC BY SA 2.5 Generic, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kodiak_Island_map_in_Alaska.png
Mount Katmai allies with the more northerly volcanoes along the Alaska Peninsula of southwest Alaska. It appears among 15 active volcanoes in Katmai National Park and Preserve; "Map of Alaska volcanoes katmai," from Christina Neal, Robert McGimsey and Michael F. Diggles, Volcanoes of the Alaska Peninsula and Aleutian Islands—Selected Photographs (2002): Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Map_of_alaska_volcanoes_katmai.jpg; via USGS Publicatins Warehouse @ https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-40/
For further information:
For further information:
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Knight, Linsay. 1995. Volcanoes & Earthquakes. Consulting Editor Dr. Eldridge M. Moores. The Nature Company Discoveries Library. Published by Time Life Books. Copyrighted 1995 by Weldon Owen Pty Ltd, McMahons Point, NSW, Australia.
Lindop, Laurie. 2003. Probing Volcanoes. Science on the Edge. Brookfield CT: Twenty-First Century Books.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 14 October 2023. "Caribou Abound as Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 October Animals." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/10/caribou-abound-as-audubon-arctic-wall.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/10/caribou-abound-as-audubon-arctic-wall.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 1 October 2023. "Red-Necked Phalaropes, Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 October Birds." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/10/red-necked-phalaropes-audubon-arctic.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/10/red-necked-phalaropes-audubon-arctic.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 9 September 2023. "Brown Bears Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 September Animals." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/09/brown-bears-are-audubon-arctic-wall.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/09/brown-bears-are-audubon-arctic-wall.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 2 September 2023. "Polar Bears Act as Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 September Animals." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/09/polar-bears-act-as-audubon-arctic-wall.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/09/polar-bears-act-as-audubon-arctic-wall.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 12 August 2023. "Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 Augurs King Eiders as August Birds." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/08/audubon-arctic-wall-calendar-2022.html#google_vignette
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/08/audubon-arctic-wall-calendar-2022.html#google_vignette
Marriner, Derdriu. 5 August 2023. "Savannah Sparrows Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 August Birds." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/08/savannah-sparrows-are-audubon-arctic.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/08/savannah-sparrows-are-audubon-arctic.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 1 July 2023. "Kenai Peninsula Awes, As Wild July, Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/07/kenai-peninsula-awes-as-wild-july.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/07/kenai-peninsula-awes-as-wild-july.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 10 June 2023. "Buff-Breasted Sandpipers, Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 June Birds." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/06/buff-breasted-sandpipers-audubon-arctic.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/06/buff-breasted-sandpipers-audubon-arctic.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 3 June 2023. "Rock Ptarmigans Act as June Birds on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/06/rock-ptarmigans-act-as-june-birds-on.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/06/rock-ptarmigans-act-as-june-birds-on.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 6 May 2023. "Moose Appear as May Animals on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/05/moose-appear-as-may-animals-on-audubon.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/05/moose-appear-as-may-animals-on-audubon.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 1 April 2023. "Brooks Range Acts as Wild April on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/04/brooks-range-acts-as-wild-april-on.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/04/brooks-range-acts-as-wild-april-on.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 1 April 2023. "Arctic Terns Are April Birds on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/04/arctic-terns-are-april-birds-on-audubon.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/04/arctic-terns-are-april-birds-on-audubon.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 4 March 2023. "Western Sandpipers Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 March Birds." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/03/western-sandpipers-are-audubon-arctic.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/03/western-sandpipers-are-audubon-arctic.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 4 March 2023. "Baffin Island Wolves Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 Wild March." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/03/baffin-island-wolves-are-audubon-arctic.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/03/baffin-island-wolves-are-audubon-arctic.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 18 February 2023. "Musk Ox, Muskox Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar February 2022 Animals." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/musk-ox-muskox-are-audubon-arctic-wall.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/musk-ox-muskox-are-audubon-arctic-wall.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 11 February 2023. "Red-Throated Loons Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 February Birds." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/red-throated-loons-are-audubon-arctic.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/red-throated-loons-are-audubon-arctic.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 21 January 2023. "Mallard Ducks Aced Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 as January Birds." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/mallard-ducks-aced-audubon-arctic-wall.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/mallard-ducks-aced-audubon-arctic-wall.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 1 January 2023. "Red Foxes Are January Wildlife on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/red-foxes-are-january-wildlife-on.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/red-foxes-are-january-wildlife-on.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 3 December 2022. "Dark-Eyed Juncos Are December Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/12/dark-eyed-juncos-are-december-birds-on.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/12/dark-eyed-juncos-are-december-birds-on.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 26 November 2022. "Eared Grebes Are November Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/11/eared-grebes-are-november-birds-on-2022.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/11/eared-grebes-are-november-birds-on-2022.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 1 October 2022. "Barred Owls Are October Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/10/barred-owls-are-october-birds-on-2022.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/10/barred-owls-are-october-birds-on-2022.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 3 September 2022. "Brown Pelicans Are September Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/09/brown-pelicans-are-september-birds-on.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/09/brown-pelicans-are-september-birds-on.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 7 August 2022. "Allen’s Hummingbirds Are August Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/08/allens-hummingbirds-are-august-birds-on.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/08/allens-hummingbirds-are-august-birds-on.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 30 July 2022. "Reddish Egrets Are July Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/07/reddish-egrets-are-july-birds-on-2022.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/07/reddish-egrets-are-july-birds-on-2022.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 4 June 2022. "American Oystercatchers Are June Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/06/american-oystercatchers-are-june-birds.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/06/american-oystercatchers-are-june-birds.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 5 May 2022. "Rose-Breasted Grosbeaks Are May Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/05/rose-breasted-grosbeaks-are-may-birds.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/05/rose-breasted-grosbeaks-are-may-birds.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 10 April 2022. "Crested Caracaras Appear as April Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/04/crested-caracaras-appear-as-april-birds.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/04/crested-caracaras-appear-as-april-birds.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 19 March 2022. "Cerulean Warblers Are March Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/03/cerulean-warblers-are-march-birds-on.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/03/cerulean-warblers-are-march-birds-on.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 5 February 2022. "Northern Bobwhites Are February Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/02/northern-bobwhites-are-february-birds.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/02/northern-bobwhites-are-february-birds.html
Marriner, Derdriu. 1 January 2022. "Florida Scrub-Jays Are January Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/01/florida-scrub-jays-are-january-birds-on.html
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/01/florida-scrub-jays-are-january-birds-on.html
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