How Tree Injections Are Administered Affects What They Achieve

Summary: How tree injections are administered affects what they achieve, according to the article Administering Tree Injections in Arborist News for December 2022.

Tree injections are administered into injection points around or at the diameter at breast height (DBH), accepted as 1.4 meters in the United States even as elsewhere it typically attains only 1.3 meters above ground level. Accurate measurements are attained by calipers and by diameter and standard tape measures; Tuesday, March 13, 2012, 15:44, image of electronic caliper used for tree measurement: Claudiusm, CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons

How tree injections are administered affects what they achieve, according to the article Administering Tree Injections authored by Shawn Bernick and E. Thomas Smiley for the December 2022 issue of Arborist News.

The two main disease-, micronutrient deficiency- and pest-battling macroinjection and microinjection tree injection techniques respectively bear less versus more solution volume to one versus multiple sites. Respectively before and on application day arborists counsel drought-combatting, several-day site irrigation conducive to tree-injection uptake and distribution and conduct basic visual site and tree inspections. Canopy dieback, pests, water stress; lower-trunk and root-flare damage or decay; honeybee, pollinator, nontarget-organism presences; treatment-disruptive diagnoses or sizes perhaps demand canceled or delayed tree-injection treatment.

Accurate application rates sometimes exact diameter measurements at breast height (DBH) 4.5 feet (1.4 meters) above ground level in the United States and 1.3 meters elsewhere.

Arborist judgment and product labels sometimes furnish alternative, diameter-measurable locations for treatments frustrated by breast-high abnormalities, branches, multiple stems or swelling; canopy size; or missing crowns.

Cloth, metal, plastic diameter and standard tapes and large calipers give diameter measurements even as deionization-filtered, impurity-free, 7- to 8.5-pH, unsedimented municipal water gives concentrate-mixable water. Acidifiers such as manufacturer-recommended or muriatic acids help to head high-pH water down for liquid concentrates and powdered products that have no premixed or ready-to-use counterparts. Injection devices without calibration markings or premeasured doses impel accurate calibration every few hours by injecting water into a graduated cylinder indicating desired rate and amount.

One injection point respectively every 0.5-inch (1.3-centimeter) versus every 4- to 6-inch (10- to 15-centimeter) breast-high diameter never jeopardizes microinfused methods versus microinfused or negative-tissued applications.

Injecting non-cankered, non-damaged, non-decayed xylem tissue not near previous injections, preferentially in root flares, secondarily base- or buttress-ward, kindles fastest uptake, best wound-closing and uniformest distribution.

Air-excavating, hand-troweling or shoveling locates buttress-root, root-flare sites 4 to 8 inches (10 to 20 centimeters) below root-collar tops or below vertical trunk-horizontal lateral root midpoints. Brad-point, high-helix or sharp drill bits disinfected before reuse and replaced or sharpened after 10 medium- to large-diameter tree-drillings mean open wood pores and fast uptake. Injection holes, away from typically nonconductive heartwood and into sapwood, need perpendicular to semi-downward drill-angles for bark thickness-, growth rate-, relative active xylem-, species-negotiated drill-hole depths.

Conifers and diffuse-porous hardwoods occasion tree injections respectively drill-holed to 1.5- to 3-inch (3.8- to 7.6-centimeter) and 0.75- to 1.5-inch (1.9- to 3.8-centimeter) depths beyond injectors.

Pressurized resin ducts present less resin pressure during preferred injection-time fall, winter, early spring months and less resin flow with higher injection pressures immediately after drilling.

Product viscosity and tree species versus previous non-injections, non-leaking unplugged holes and timely uptake respectively quarter metal, plastic, rubber vascular-cambium implants and plugs sometimes versus never. Injection holes and plugs reused by conifers and hardwoods and air bubbles in macroinjection-device multipoint-harness tubes respectively realize poorly distributed xylem product and desiccated, dead cambium. Infusion- and high-pressure injection devices respectively supply 0- to 3-pound (0- to 0.2-bar) and 15- to 200-pound, 200-pound-plus (1- to 14-bar, 14-bar-plus) pressure per square inch.

High-volume or low-pressure products tend to trigger hours-longer uptakes for tree injections and therefore arborists tending injection equipment and processes until full-dosage administrations and injection-device removals.

Arborists and urban foresters are appreciative of municipal water, whose pH between 7.0 and 8.5 assists them as contaminant-, impurity- and sediment-free mixing water for liquid concentrates and powdered products that are neither premixed nor ready-to-use. Acidifiers such as muriatic acid, also acknowledged as hydrochloric acid, and deionization filters respectively assist in contaminant removal and in pH-checking, pH-reducing and water-buffering. Red cabbage juice from assembled solutions of acetic acid, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, sodium bicarbonate and water attempts a fun, albeit approximate rather than accuratest, answer to pH level, with red-colored pH2, violet-colored pH6, blue-colored pH8, blue-green-colored pH10 and green-yellow-colored pH12; Sunday, June 12, 2016, 13:24:34, image of red cabbage juice assembled solutions: Pozitron, CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Tree injections are administered into injection points around or at the diameter at breast height (DBH), accepted as 1.4 meters in the United States even as elsewhere it typically attains only 1.3 meters above ground level. Accurate measurements are attained by calipers and by diameter and standard tape measures; Tuesday, March 13, 2012, 15:44, image of electronic caliper used for tree measurement: Claudiusm, CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Electronic_caliper.jpg

Arborists and urban foresters are appreciative of municipal water, whose pH between 7.0 and 8.5 assists them as contaminant-, impurity- and sediment-free mixing water for liquid concentrates and powdered products that are neither premixed nor ready-to-use. Acidifiers such as muriatic acid, also acknowledged as hydrochloric acid, and deionization filters respectively assist in contaminant removal and in pH-checking, pH-reducing and water-buffering. Red cabbage juice from assembled solutions of acetic acid, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, sodium bicarbonate and water attempts a fun, albeit approximate rather than accuratest, answer to pH level, with red-colored pH2, violet-colored pH6, blue-colored pH8, blue-green-colored pH10 and green-yellow-colored pH12; Sunday, June 12, 2016, 13:24:34, image of red cabbage juice assembled solutions: Pozitron, CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jugo_lombarda_con_disoluciones_de_agua_fuerte,_acetico,_agua,_bicarbonto_y_amoniaco.jpg

For further information:

Bernick, Shawn; and E. Thomas Smiley. December 2022. "Administering Tree Injections." Arborist News 31(6):10-16.

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Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/11/organic-amendments-to-compacted.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 October 2016. “Tree Protection Zones by Arborists for All Construction Project Phases.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/10/tree-protection-zones-by-arborists-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 September 2016. “Stormwater Runoff Landscaping With Urban Canopy Cover and Groundcover.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/09/stormwater-runoff-landscaping-with.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 August 2016. “Changing Places: Tree Nutrient Movement Down, Tree Water Movement Up.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/08/changing-places-tree-nutrient-movement.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 July 2016. “Treated or Untreated Oriental Bittersweet Vine Management Cut-Stumping.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/07/treated-or-untreated-oriental.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 June 2016. “Tree Injection Site Procedures: Manufacturer's Instructions and Labels.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/06/tree-injection-site-procedures.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 May 2016. “Electrical Utility Area Temperate Urban Street Trees: Pruned Regrowth.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/05/electrical-utility-area-temperate-urban.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 April 2016. “Tree Injection Methods: Treatment Option in Integrated Pest Management.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/04/tree-injection-methods-treatment-option.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 March 2016. “Bare-Rooted Ornamental Urban Transplants: Amendments Against Mortality.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/03/bare-rooted-ornamental-urban.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 February 2016. “Bark Protective Survival Mechanisms Foil Deprivation, Injury, Invasion.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/02/bark-protective-survival-mechanisms.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 January 2016. "LITA Model: Linear Index of Tree Appraisal of Large Urban Swedish Trees." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/01/lita-model-linear-index-of-tree.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 December 2015. “Tree Lightning Protection Systems: Site, Soil, Species True Designs.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/12/tree-lightning-protection-systems-site.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 October 2015. “Tree Lightning Protection Systems Tailored to Sites, Soils, Species.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/10/tree-lightning-protection-systems.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 August 2015. “Tree Friendly Urban Soil Management: Amend, Fertilize, Mulch, Till!” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/08/tree-friendly-urban-soil-management.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 June 2015. “Tree Friendly Urban Soil Management: Assemble, Assess, Assist, Astound.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/06/tree-friendly-urban-soil-management.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 April 2015. “Tree Wound Responses: Healthy Wound Closures by Callus and Woundwood.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/04/tree-wound-responses-healthy-wound.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 February 2015. “Urban Forest Maintenance and Non-Maintenance Costs and Benefits.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/02/urban-forest-maintenance-and-non.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 December 2014. “Tree Dwelling Symbionts: Dodder, Lichen, Mistletoe, Moss and Woe-Vine.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/12/tree-dwelling-symbionts-dodder-lichen.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 October 2014. “Tree Cable Installation Systems Lessen Target Impact From Tree Failure.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/10/tree-cable-installation-systems-lessen.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 August 2014. “Flood Tolerant Trees in Worst-Case Floodplain and Urbanized Scenarios.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/08/flood-tolerant-trees-in-worst-case.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 June 2014. “Integrated Vegetation Management of Plants in Utility Rights-of-Way.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/06/integrated-vegetation-management-of.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 April 2014. “Tree Twig Identification: Buds, Bundle Scars, Leaf Drops, Leaf Scars.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/04/tree-twig-identification-buds-bundle.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 February 2014. “Tree Twig Anatomy: Ecosystem Stress, Growth Rates, Winter Identification.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/02/tree-twig-anatomy-ecosystem-stress.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 December 2013. “Community and Tree Safety Awareness During Line- and Road-Clearances.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/12/community-and-tree-safety-awareness.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 October 2013. “Chain-Saw Gear and Tree Work Related Personal Protective Equipment.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/10/chain-saw-gear-and-tree-work-related.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 October 2013. “Storm Damaged Tree Clearances: Matched Teamwork of People to Equipment.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/10/storm-damaged-tree-clearances-matched.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 August 2013. “Storm Induced Tree Damage Assessments: Pre-Storm Planned Preparedness.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/08/storm-induced-tree-damage-assessments.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 June 2013. “Storm Induced Tree Failures From Heavy Tree Weights and Weather Loads.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/06/storm-induced-tree-failures-from-heavy.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 April 2013. “Urban Tree Root Management Concerns: Defects, Digs, Dirt, Disturbance.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/04/urban-tree-root-management-concerns.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 February 2013. “Tree Friendly Beneficial Soil Microbes: Inoculations and Occurrences.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/02/tree-friendly-beneficial-soil-microbes.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 December 2012. “Healthy Urban Tree Root Crown Balances: Soil Properties, Soil Volumes.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/12/healthy-urban-tree-root-crown-balances.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 October 2012. “Tree Adaptive Growth: Tree Risk Assessment of Tree Failure, Tree Strength.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/10/tree-adaptive-growth-tree-risk.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 August 2012. “Tree Risk Assessment Mitigation Reports: Tree Removal, Tree Retention?” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/08/tree-risk-assessment-mitigation-reports.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 June 2012. “Internally Stressed, Response Growing, Wind Loaded Tree Strength.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/06/internally-stressed-response-growing.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 April 2012. “Three Tree Risk Assessment Levels: Limited Visual, Basic and Advanced.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/04/three-tree-risk-assessment-levels.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 February 2012. “Qualitative Tree Risk Assessment: Risk Ratings for Targets and Trees.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/02/qualitative-tree-risk-assessment-risk.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 February 2012. “Qualitative Tree Risk Assessment: Falling Trees Impacting Targets.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/02/qualitative-tree-risk-assessment.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 December 2011. “Tree Risk Assessment: Tree Failures From Defects and From Wind Loads.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/12/tree-risk-assessment-tree-failures-from.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 October 2011. “Five Tree Felling Plan Steps for Successful Removals and Worker Safety.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/10/five-tree-felling-plan-steps-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 August 2011. “Natives and Non-Natives as Successfully Urbanized Plant Species.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/08/natives-and-non-natives-as-successfully.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 June 2011. “Tree Ring Patterns for Ecosystem Ages, Dates, Health and Stress.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/06/tree-ring-patterns-for-ecosystem-ages.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 April 2011. “Benignly Ugly Tree Disorders: Oak Galls, Powdery Mildew, Sooty Mold, Tar Spot.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/04/benignly-ugly-tree-disorders-oak-galls.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 February 2011. “Tree Load Can Turn Tree Health Into Tree Failure or Tree Fatigue.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/02/tree-load-can-turn-tree-health-into.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 December 2010. “Tree Electrical Safety Knowledge, Precautions, Risks and Standards.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/12/tree-electrical-safety-knowledge.html