Trail of 1502 Columbus Will Confuses After 1578 Removal From Monastery

Summary: The trail of the 1502 Columbus will confuses after its 1578 removal from Monastery of Santa Maria de Las Cuevas in Seville, Andalusia, southwest Spain.

Unknown artist's Carrara marble statue of Christopher Columbus, with inscription (A Cristobal Colon en memoria de haber estado depositadas sus cenizas desde el año MDXIII a MDXXXVI en la iglesia de esta Cartuja de Santa Maria de Las Cuevas; "To Christopher Columbus, in memory of his remains having been deposited here from the year 1513 to 1536 in the church of this Cartuja of Santa Maria") was erected in 1887 at Monastery of Santa Maria de Las Cuevas by María Josefa Pickman y Martínez de la Vega, Dowager Marchioness of Pickman; inscribed decorative tiles from La Cartuja de Sevilla-Pickman, ceramics factory founded 1841 at the abandoned monastery by Charles Pickman Jones (Hispanicized Carlos Pickman; March 4, 1808-June 4, 1883), titled Primer marqués de Pickman in February 1873 by Amedeo Ferdinando Maria di Savoia (May 30, 1845-Jan. 18, 1890), Turin-born Italian prince who reigned as Amadeo I de España Jan. 2, 1871, until his abdication Feb. 11, 1873; ushy tree (right) is ombú from the Indies reputedly planted by Christopher Columbu: CarlosVdeHabsburgo, CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons

The trail of the 1502 Columbus will confuses after its 1578 removal from the Monastery of Santa Maria de Las Cuevas in Seville, Andalusia Autonomous Community, southwest Spain.

Approximately one month before his departure for his fourth and final voyage of exploration of the northwestern Atlantic Ocean (May 1502-November 1504), late 15th-century to early 16th-century explorer and navigator Christopher Columbus (Catalan: Cristòfor Colom; Italian: Cristoforo Colombo; Portuguese: Cristóvão Colombo; Spanish: Cristóbal Colón; ca. 1446/1451-May 20, 1506) wrote a will. Dated April 1, 1502, the will was witnessed by Gaspar Gorricio of Novara (?-Dec. 31, 1515), a northern-Italy born, Carthusian friar at the Monastery of Santa Maria de Las Cuevas (Catalan: El Monestir de Santa María de las Cuevas; Spanish: Monasterio de Santa María de las Cuevas), where the explorer was staying in Seville (Catalan, Spanish: Sevilla), Andalusia Autonomous Communuity (Andalusian: La Comunidad Autónoma Andaluza; Spanish: Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía), in southwestern Spain.

The 1502 will was deposited into one of two coffers in which the explorer stored his important personal documents. One of the coffers was made of wood, and the other was made of iron ("una de madera y otra de hierro"; page 169), according to researcher and direct Columbus descendant Anunciada Colón de Carvajal and Minister of Defense Investigation Chief (Jefe de investigación en Ministerio de Defensa) Guadalupe Chocano Higueras in their article, "En torno al testamento de Cristóbal Colón del año 1502," published in the 1989 issue (núm. 15) of Quinto Centenario. The coffers were placed for safekeeping in Friar Gaspar's cell. After the friar's death, the community's prior assumed custody of the coffers.

Three generations of heirs allowed the monastery to maintain guardianship of Columbus's coffers. The coffers were included in the inheritance of the explorer's only legitimate son, Don Diego Colón Perestrello (ca. 1479-Feb. 23, 1526). Inheritance of the documents next passed to Diego's oldest son, Don Luis Colón de Toledo (1522-Jan. 29, 1572). Columbian great-grandson Don Diego Colón y Pravia (ca. 1551-Feb. 12, 1578), only son of Diego's second oldest son, Cristóbal Colón de Toledo (ca. 1510-August 1571), succeeded his uncle as heir.

Don Diego Colón y Pravia, however, was heirless and also the last male descendant in the line of Columbus's legitimate son. According to his will, dated Jan. 28, 1578, heirship passed to his first cousin in the female line. He identified his successor as Columbian great-grandson Don Christóbal Colón de Cardona (?-Nov. 6, 1583), first son of María Colón y Toledo (born 1511), daughter of her paternal grandfather Christopher Columbus's only legitimate son. María's husband, whom she had married in 1543, was Valencia resident Sanç de Cardona i Roís de Liori (Spanish: Sancho Folch de Cardona y Ruíz de Liori; ca. 1500-July 24, 1571), Admiral of Aragon and First Marquess of Guadalest in eastern Spain's Mediterranean Sea-bordered Valencia Community (Catalan: Comunitat Valenciana; Spanish: Comunidad Valenciana).

Don Diego Colón y Pravia's will specified removal of his great-grandfather's documents from the monastery, also known as the Monastery of the Cartuja (Charterhouse) (Catalan: la Cartuja; Spanish: Monasterio de la Cartuja). He stipulated a full inventory of the documents, conducted by a "public secretary," and their temporary transfer to Don Christóbal's brother, Don Luis Colón de Cardona, prior to their acquisition by the new heir, according to Catalonian historical researcher Francesc Albardaner (born June 30, 1949) in "The Columbus Will of 1502 and Three Additional Wills, Of Which Some Are Legal and Others Fake" (page 2), published in English via ResearchGate in January 2020. (The Catalan original of this article, “Luis Ulloa i els testaments de Colom," was published in the March 2008 issue of Butlletí del Centre d’Estudis Colombins, núm. 42).

Don Luis Colón de Cardona acknowledged receipt of the papers from public notary Alonso de Sanmartin via a document dated Jan. 28, 1578. The 1502 will was listed on the full inventory (Albardaner, page 9).

Don Christóbal Colón de Cardona established his paternal archives in Valencia as the new repository for his maternal great-grandfather's documents. The documents remained in Valencia through the 19th century. In the 20th century, Salvador Maria Colón de Cardona, last descendant of the Valencian House of Colón de Cardona, married Palmesano Mallorcan Elionor Fortuny. He moved his family archives from Valencia to Palma, Mallorca.

In 1963, heirship of childless Salvador Maria Colón de Cardona's estate passed to Elionor Fortuny's five nephews, according to Albardaner's article, "Nous documents dels Colom de Cardona de València: donació de Romà Fortuny a la Biblioteca de Catalunya" (page 42), published in the December 2012 issue of Butlletí del Centre d’Estudis Colombins. Approximately 30 percent of the documents from the five inherited shares has been tracked to historical repositories. Ten percent of the archive resides in the Library of Catalonia (Catalan: Biblioteca de Catalunya; BC). The University of Valencia's (Catalan: Universitat de València; Spanish: Universidad de Valencia; (Valencian: Universitat de València; UV) Historical Archive holds 20 percent of the archive.

The portion of the Columbus archive in the University of Valencia has been registered as "Fons Cardona-Colón: Carmen Fortuny i Ruesta de Salas." Box 46, Document n.2 includes a document drawn Nov. 14, 1560, at Las Cuevas monastery detailing, per the prior's request, a complete inventory of the Columbus papers in the monastery's custody. The list references the 1502 Columbus will (Albardaner, page 3).

Yet, despite documentation in 1560 and in 1578, the 1502 Columbus will has disappeared. After 71 years 8 months of monasterial guardianship, the will entered into the possessions of new heir Don Christóbal Colón de Cardona via its documented, authorized receipt Jan. 28, 1578, by Don Luis Colón de Cardona on behalf of his brother. Sometime thereafter the will's confusing, unverified trail into oblivion commenced. The 1502 Columbus will's contents remain unknown, according to Albardaner (page 1).

Phytolacca dioica tree, known popularly as ombú, from the Indies planted by Christopher Columbus, according to Castellano-Manchego Spanish priest and documentary researcher Baltasar Cuartero y Huerta (22-01-1885 / M. Madrid, 15-04-1975 in "Los Colón en la Cartuja" (Boletín de la Real Academia Sevillana de Buenas Letras, vol. 16 [1988], p. 68); Colombus statue erected in 1887 by María Josefa Pickman y Martínez de la Vega, Dowager Marchioness of Pickman, is visible to left of ombú's trunk; Sunday, March 15, 2009, 12:21, image of La Cartuja's Columbus ombú, with Columbus statue (center left): Anual, CC BY 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Unknown artist's Carrara marble statue of Christopher Columbus, with inscription (A Cristobal Colon en memoria de haber estado depositadas sus cenizas desde el año MDXIII a MDXXXVI en la iglesia de esta Cartuja de Santa Maria de Las Cuevas; "To Christopher Columbus, in memory of his remains having been deposited here from the year 1513 to 1536 in the church of this Cartuja of Santa Maria") was erected in 1887 at Monastery of Santa Maria de Las Cuevas by María Josefa Pickman y Martínez de la Vega, Dowager Marchioness of Pickman; inscribed decorative tiles from La Cartuja de Sevilla-Pickman, ceramics factory founded 1841 at the abandoned monastery by Charles Pickman Jones (Hispanicized Carlos Pickman; March 4, 1808-June 4, 1883), titled Primer marqués de Pickman in February 1873 by Amedeo Ferdinando Maria di Savoia (May 30, 1845-Jan. 18, 1890), Turin-born Italian prince who reigned as Amadeo I de España Jan. 2, 1871, until his abdication Feb. 11, 1873; bushy tree (right) is ombú from the Indies reputedly planted by Christopher Columbus: CarlosVdeHabsburgo, CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Monumento_a_Colón_en_La_Cartuja.JPG

Phytolacca dioica tree, known popularly as ombú, from the Indies planted by Christopher Columbus, according to Castellano-Manchego Spanish priest and documentary researcher Baltasar Cuartero y Huerta ("Los Colón en la Cartuja," Boletín de la Real Academia Sevillana de Buenas Letras, vol. 16 [1988], p. 68); Colombus statue erected in 1887 by María Josefa Pickman y Martínez de la Vega, Dowager Marchioness of Pickman, is visible to left of ombú's trunk; Sunday, March 15, 2009, 12:21, image of La Cartuja's Columbus ombú, with Columbus statue (center left): Anual, CC BY 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ombú_Cartuja_001.jpg

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PARES Portal de Archivos Españoles."Corporate Body -- Ducado de Veragua. Type: Corporate Body. Preferred form: Ducado de Veragua. Fechas de existencia: 1537-01-19. History: Granted with Grandeur of Spain to Sir Luis Colón de Toledo, grandson of Cristóbal Colón. Descendant of Colón, Fitz James Stuart, Colón de Larriategui and Colón de Carvajal." PARES Portal de Archivos Españoles > PARES Busquedas.
Available via PARES Portal de Archivos Españoles @ http://pares.mcu.es/ParesBusquedas20/catalogo/autoridad/46820

PARES Portal de Archivos Españoles."In the Archives: Archivo General de Indias. Related Authority: Colón, Cristobal (?-1506). Type of relationship with the Authority: Related documents." PARES Portal de Archivos Españoles > PARES Busquedas > Results Page > Results 100 of 184.
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PARES Portal de Archivos Españoles."Person -- Colón, Cristobal (?-1506). Type: Person. Preferred form: Colón, Cristobal (?-1506). Fechas de existencia: desconocida -- Valladolid (España) 1506. History: Navegante, marino, explorador y conquistador de origen genovés. Se le considera el descubridor de un nuevo continente, denominado más tarde, América. Se desconoce la fecha de nacimiento que pudo ser entre 1436 y 1455; posteriormente se ha propuesto en 1451 y como lugar de nacimiento, posiblemente Génova. Falleció en Valladolid en 1506. Casado con Felipa Moniz de Perestrello y padres de Diego Colón, hijo primogénito del marino y heredero de sus títulos. En 1485 llegó y se instaló en Castilla en compañía de su hijo Diego para exponer su proyecto de viaje a los Reyes Católicos durando más de seis años las negociaciones. En esa época tuvo a su segundo hijo con Beatriz Enríquez de Arana, el geógrafo e historiador Hernando Colón. El 17 de abril de 1492 se reunió con los reyes Fernando de Aragón e Isabel de Castilla en Santa Fe de Granada y acordaron las denominadas 'Capitulaciones de Santa Fe' que le permitieron a Colón llevar a cabo su proyectado viaje a las Indias Occidentales financiado por la Corona de Castilla. Salió de Palos de la Frontera en agosto de 1492 al mando de 3 naves (las carabelas La Pinta y la Niña, y la nao Santa María) y arribó a las Indias tocando tierra firme en la isla de Guanahani el 12 de octubre de 1492. Este viaje supuso el descubrimiento del continente americano. Los Reyes Católicos lo nombraron primer Almirante, Virrey y Gobernador General de las Indias Occidentales. . . . Documents > Related documents: . . . Archivo General de Indias (184)" PARES Portal de Archivos Españoles > PARES Busquedas.
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PARES Portal de Archivos Españoles. "Ratificación del testamento y codicilo de Cristóbal Colón. Reference Number PATRONATO,295,N.61. Date of creation: 1506-05-19. Name of the creator(s): Ducado de Veragua. Scope and content: Testimonio autorizado de la ratificación del testamento y codicilo que el Almirante don Cristóbal Colón otorgó en Valladolid." PARES Portal de Archivos Españoles > PARES Busquedas. Archivo General de Indias.
Available via PARES Portal de Archivos Españoles @ http://pares.mcu.es/ParesBusquedas20/catalogo/description/132674

PARES Portal de Archivos Españoles. "Testamento de Cristóbal Colón: codicilo. Supplied title: Testamento de Cristóbal Colón: codicilo. Reference number: PATRONATO,8,R.4 Date of creation: 1506-05-04. Scope and content: Codicilo de Cristóbal Colón por el cual instituye por única y universal heredera de sus rentas y bienes que posee en Italia, a su patria, la República de Génova, y añade que por falta de su línea masculina, nombra a esta República como heredera de su almirantazgo de las Indias y sus anejidades. Valladolid, 4 de mayo de 1506. Es una copia en latín y castellano. [S.F.-Siglo XVIII]." PARES Portal de Archivos Españoles > PARES Busquedas. Archivo General de Indias.
Available via PARES Portal de Archivos Españoles @@ http://pares.mcu.es/ParesBusquedas20/catalogo/description/121320

Porto, Carmen Manso. "Gaspar Gorricio de Novara." Real Academia de la Historia El Diccionario Biográfico electrónico (DB~e) > Biografias.
Available via DB~e RAH El Diccionario Biográfico electrónico (DB~e) @ https://dbe.rah.es/biografias/83606/gaspar-gorricio-de-novara

van der Krogt, Peter. "Sevilla. Sevilla (prov.). Estatua de Cristóbal Colón en La Cartuja. Christopher Columbus in La Cartuja. Monasterio de Santa María de las Cuevas -- La Cartuja. Artist unknown 1887." Van der Krogt Websites > Columbus Monuments Pages > Town/Country > Choose a Comunidad autónoma. Item Code: esan044; Photograph: 14 March 2002.
Available @ https://statues.vanderkrogt.net/object.php?webpage=CO&record=esan044

Zymla, Herbert González. "Enrique Cuartero Huerta." Real Academia de la Historia El Diccionario Biográfico electrónico (DB~e) > Biografias.
Available via DB~e RAH El Diccionario Biográfico electrónico (DB~e) @ https://dbe.rah.es/biografias/65149/enrique-cuartero-huerta