Tasar Silkworms Perhaps Assembled Around Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi

Summary: Tasar silkworms perhaps assembled alongside lac scale insects on host trees in teak forests around Buddhist monuments at Sanchi in central India.

Tasar silk moth (Antheraea paphia) from India; Sept. 29, 2011: David V Raju (Davidvraju), CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons

Tasar silkworms perhaps assembled alongside lac scale insects on host trees in teak forests around Buddhist monuments at Sanchi in the central Raisen District of central Madhya Pradesh state in central India.

James Kerr (Aug. 1, 1737-Sep. 17, 1782) bared one Fabaceae (legume), one Rhamnaceae (buckthorn) and two Moraceae (mulberry) host-family trees to lac scale insects (Kerria lacca). The first two, flame-of-the-forest (palas locally, Butea monosperma scientifically) and Indian plum (ber, Ziziphus mauritiana), count among the topmost trees where tasar silkworms (Antheraea paphia) congregate. Buddhist sangha (from Sanskrit बुद्ध, "awakened" and संघ, “multitude”) members demonstrated practical, sustainable skills, such as dye-, resin-, shellac-drawing and textile-developing from insect secretions and cocoons.

Tussar silk-making from tasar silkworms elaborates woven fabrics from many short threads cut by cocoon-exiting tussar moths instead of one continuous thread uncut by executed pupae.

The Saturniidae (from Latin Sāturnus, “[Roman wealth god] Saturn” and, via Latin -idae, Greek -ειδής, “-like”) moth family member fits round, smooth eggs onto host-plant foliage.

Life cycles under one year successively generate flying adults from pupae (from Latin pūpae, “dolls, little girls, puppets”) from five-instar, grub-like larvae from semi-flattened, smooth eggs. Green-bodied larvae (from Latin lārvae, “ghosts”) have paired, upperside-serialized, yellow humps; purple-bordered, white-spotted fifth and sixth segments; yellow breathing-pores; yellow-sidelined seventh segments; and brown-banded anal segments. Four to six moults (from Latin mūtō, mūtāre, “I exchange, to transform [exteriors]”) impel four instars and cylindrical, 1.97-plus-inch- (50-plus-millimeter-) long fifth-instar caterpillars into brown-gray cocoons.

Perhaps commonly-named small tussore, tasar silkworms and vanya (from Sanskrit वन्य, “wild”) silkworms journeyed for 14 days in hard, oval cocoons around Buddhist monuments at Sanchi.

The scientifically-named Antheraea paphia, known taxonomically to Dru Drury (Feb. 4, 1724-Dec. 15, 1803) and Carl Linnaeus (May 23, 1707-Jan. 10, 1778), keeps no post-larval mouthparts.

Near-mouthless, post-pupal adults, unlike pre-pupal caterpillars (from Latin catta, “cat” and pilōsa, “hairy”), lack digestive systems and live off pupal-stored lipids (from Greek λίπος, “animal fat”). Female tasar moths, with fox-red antennae, manifest bigger bodies, larger eyespots and longer, wider brown-pink-yellow wings than male mates with red-and-yellow, thick antennae and red-yellow wings. Week-long lifespans net brown-eyed brown-gray heads, brown-gray-yellow thoraxes and abdomens and gray upper-edged, yellow lower-edged wings with black, centered, narrow lines nestled into gray-banded, transparent eyespots.

Any five-star (developmental stage, from Latin instar, “likeness”) tasar silkworms and any tasar silkworm moths around Buddhist monuments at Sanchi respectively optimized feeding and mating opportunities.

Female moths produce pheromones (from Greek φέρω, “I bear” and ὁρμή, “impulse to act, rapid motion forwards”) picked up by males one mile (1.61 kilometers) away.

Ancient and modern wooded Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha and West Bengal states qualify as quintessential habitats for day-flying female, night-flying male tasar silkworm moths. Arjun (Terminalia arjuna), axlewood (Anogeissus latifolia) and Indian laurel (Terminalia elliptica), as Combretaceae (white mangrove) family representatives in teak forests, realize tasar egg, larva, moth requirements. Philippine mahogany (Shorea robusta), Indian blackwood (Hardwickia binata) and crape-myrtle (Lagerstroemia parviflora), as Dipterocarpaceae (resin-tree), Fabaceae (legume) and Lythraceae (loosestrife) family members, secure similar sheltering standards.

Perhaps tasar silkworms and tasar silkworm moths thronged such Lamiaceae (mint) family members as egg-, larva-, moth-tolerant teak (Tectona grandis) trees around Buddhist monuments at Sanchi.

Antheraea paphia Tusser silk worm, depicted as 1. Eggs -- natural size; 2. Larva newly hatched; 3. Young larva; 4. Young larva half-grown; 5. Full-grown larva; 6. Cocoon on bér (Zizyphus jujuba); 7. Stalked cocoon, in H. (Harold) Maxwell-Lefroy, Indian Insect Life: a Manual of the Insects of the Plains (1909), Plate XLII: Biodiversity Heritage Library, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Tasar silk moth (Antheraea paphia) from India; Sept. 29, 2011: David V Raju (Davidvraju), CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tasar_Silk_Moth(Antheraea_paphia).jpg

Antheraea paphia Tusser silk worm, depicted as 1. Eggs -- natural size; 2. Larva newly hatched; 3. Young larva; 4. Young larva half-grown; 5. Full-grown larva; 6. Cocoon on bér (Zizyphus jujuba); 7. Stalked cocoon, in H. (Harold) Maxwell-Lefroy, Indian Insect Life: a Manual of the Insects of the Plains (1909), Plate XLII: Biodiversity Heritage Library, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:25-Indian-Insect-Life_-_Harold_Maxwell-Lefroy_-_Antheraea-paphia.jpg; Not in copyright, via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/24865668

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Marriner, Derdriu. 20 August 2021. "Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and Sonari Accommodated Madhyama Relics." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/08/buddhist-monuments-at-sanchi-and-sonari.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 August 2021. "Kasyapa Gotra Relics Abided in Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and Sonari." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/08/kasyapa-gotra-relics-abided-in-buddhist.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 August 2021. "Buddha Relics Awed Sonari and Bhojpur If Not Sanchi Buddhist Monuments." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/08/buddha-relics-awed-sonari-and-bhojpur.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 July 2021. "Buddha Relics Awed Bhojpur and Sonari If Not Sanchi Buddhist Monuments." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/07/buddha-relics-awed-bhojpur-and-sonari.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 July 2021. "Sanchi Buddhist Monuments Admitted No Upahitaka Relics From Bhojpur." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/07/sanchi-buddhist-monuments-admitted-no_0682265518.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 July 2021. "Sanchi Buddhist Monuments Admitted No Patitya Allusions From Bhojpur." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/07/sanchi-buddhist-monuments-admitted-no.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 July 2021. "Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and Andher Archived Haritiputra Relics." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/07/buddhist-monuments-at-sanchi-and-andher.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 July 2021. "John Marshall Added Khirni Trees Around Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/07/john-marshall-added-khirni-trees-around.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 June 2021. "Mango Trees Appeal to Kakanava Koels and Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/06/mango-trees-appeal-to-kakanava-koels.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 June 2021. "Teak Trees Attracted Kakanava Crows to Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/06/teak-trees-attracted-kakanava-crows-to.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 June 2021. "Kakanava Crows, Koels and Trees Antedated Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/06/kakanava-crows-koels-and-trees.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 June 2021. "Asian Koels, Like Crows, Actuated the Ancient Name Kakanava for Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/06/asian-koels-like-crows-actuated-ancient.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 May 2021. "Indian Jungle Crows Abided Amply at Sanchi, Anciently Named Kakanava." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/05/indian-jungle-crows-abided-amply-at.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 May 2021. "Indian Crows Abounded There So Sanchi Answered to the Name Kakanava." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/05/indian-crows-abounded-there-so-sanchi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 May 2021. "Kakanava Prabhasana Relics Age Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and Andher." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/05/kakanava-prabhasana-relics-age-buddhist.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 May 2021. "Vachiputra Relics Age Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and at Andher." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/05/vachiputra-relics-age-buddhist.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 April 2021. "Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and Andher Age Maudgalaputra Tishya Relics." Earth and Space News. Friday
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/04/buddhist-monuments-at-sanchi-and-andher.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 April 2021. "Satdhara Relics Awed Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi, Colombo and Yangon." Earth and Space News. Friday
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/04/satdhara-relics-awed-buddhist-monuments.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 April 2021. "Kaba Aye and Sanchi Hill Admit Walking Meditations of Thich Nhat Hanh." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/04/kaba-aye-and-sanchi-hill-admit-walking.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 April 2021. "Sanchi and Maha Bodhi Society Admit Thich Nhat Hanh Walking Meditations." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/04/sanchi-and-maha-bodhi-society-admit.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 April 2021. "Indra’s Net Avails Kaba Aye Pagoda of Buddhist Monuments on Sanchi Hill." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/04/indras-net-avails-kaba-aye-pagoda-of.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 March 2021. "Indra’s Net Admits Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and Maha Bodhi Society." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/indras-net-admits-buddhist-monuments-at.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 March 2021. "Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and Sadthara Archived Disciple Bones." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/buddhist-monuments-at-sanchi-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 March 2021. "Chetiyagiri Vihara Adds Auspiciousness to Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/chetiyagiri-vihara-adds-auspiciousness.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 March 2021. "Maudgalyayana Aims Psychic Powers at Buddhist Monuments on Sanchi Hill." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/maudgalyayana-aims-psychic-powers-at.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 February 2021. "Shariputra Abides Auspiciously Amid Buddhist Monuments on Sanchi Hill." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/shariputra-abides-auspiciously-amid.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 February 2021. "Sanchi Hill Buddhist Monuments Are Oldest Buddhist World Heritage Site." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/sanchi-hill-buddhist-monuments-are_19.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 February 2021. "Sanchi Hill Buddhist Monuments Are World Heritage Site 14 in India." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/sanchi-hill-buddhist-monuments-are.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 February 2021. "Ashoka Aided Buddha, Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi Hill and Sri Lanka." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/ashoka-aided-buddha-buddhist-monuments.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 January 2021. "Sanghamitra, Like Ashoka, Admired Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi Hill." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/sanghamitra-like-ashoka-admired.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 January 2021. "Mahendra Adored Buddha and Perhaps Buddhist monuments at Sanchi Hill." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/mahendra-adored-buddha-and-perhaps.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 January 2021. "Devi Adoring Buddha Accounts for Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi, India." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/devi-adoring-buddha-accounts-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 January 2021. "Wild Animal Families Abounded Around Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi Hill." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/wild-animal-families-abounded-around.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 January 2021. "Raisen Teak Forests Once Angled Around Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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