Earth and Space News: March 2021

Wednesday, March 31, 2021

Perseverance Parachute Codes Dare Mighty Things and Give JPL Coordinates

Summary: Perseverance parachute codes Dare Mighty Things and give JPL coordinates in a binary message that complements the rover's graphic and microchip cargo.

The Perseverance parachute codes Dare Might Things and give JPL coordinates in a binary-coded, international orange-and-neutral white message that complements the rover's cargo of information-laden graphics and microchips.

Mars 2020 Perseverance Systems Engineer Ian Clark designed the Perseverance parachute's binary code pattern. The parachute's two messages provide the coordinates of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and express JPL's motto.

The coordinates for NASA-owned and California Institute of Technology (Caltech)-managed research and development center are embedded in the parachute's outer band. JPL is located at 118 degrees 10 minutes 13 second north latitude and 34 degrees 11 minutes 58 seconds west longitude.

JPL's motto, Dare Mighty Things, spirals across three rings in the parachute's inner portion. The motto borrows a phrase from "The Strenuous Life," a speech given Monday, April 10, 1899, at the Hamilton Club in Chicago, Illinois, by Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt Jr. (Oct. 27, 1858-Jan. 6, 1919), then 33rd New York Governor (Jan. 1, 1899-Dec. 31, 1900). Approximately 22 and two-thirds months later, on March 4, 1901, Governor Roosevelt was sworn in as the 25th Vice President of the United States. The inspiring phrase, "dare mighty things," appeared in the fourth sentence of the speech's fourth paragraph:

"As it is with the individual, so it is with the nation. It is a base untruth to say that happy is the nation that has no history. Thrice happy is the nation that has a glorious history. Far better it is to dare mighty things, to win glorious triumphs, even though checkered by failure, than to take rank with those poor spirits who neither enjoy much nor suffer much, because they live in the gray twilight that knows not victory nor defeat."

Car-sized Mars rover Perseverance, nicknamed Percy, carries three other informational messages. These messages are conveyed in graphics and microchips rather than in binary code.

Perseverance is loaded with Mastcam-Z, a pair of zoomable cameras. A small color-reference target, called "cal target," on the rover's deck functions as a reference marker for scientists to fine-tune Mastcam-Z's colors and settings. Seven icons and Perseverance's motto are interspersed between the target's three grayscale and five color swatches.

The cal target's icons convey Perseverance's key objective of astrobiology, the study of the origin, evolution, distribution and future of life in the Universe. The seven icons represent, from the top, right to left: (1) a fern; (2) an Apatosaurus, a giant, herbivorous, sauropod ("lizard-footed") North American dinosaur from the Late Jurassic period (approximately 163.5 to 145 million years ago (Ma); (3) a man and woman with hands in greeting (which recalls plaques on Pioneer 10 and 11, and the Golden Record on Voyagers 1 and 2); (4) a rocket between the blue and red swatches, symbolizing travel from Earth (blue swatch) to Mars (red swatch); (5) a model of the inner solar system showing Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars orbiting the sun; (6) a double-stranded DN A (Deoxyribonucleic acid) helix; (7) cyanobacteria, earliest known form of life on Earth.

The words "Two Worlds, One Beginning" are printed at the bottom of the cal target, between the lime-green and blue swatches, which separate the words from the Mars-traveling rocket (to the right) and the model of the inner solar system (to the left). The Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Dec. 8, 2020, Photojournal entry, "PIA24178: Mastcam-Z's Calibration Target," explains that Perseverance's motto refers to "the idea of Earth and the Red Planet growing out of the same proto-stellar dust."

Perseverance also carries microchips of essays and names. The chip's essays come from the 155 finalists in NASA's “Name the Rover” contest. Springfield, Virginia, seventh-grader Alex Mather's essay suggesting Perseverance as the rover's name won against over 28,000 entries submitted from K-12 (kindergarten to 12th grade) in every state. The chip also contains 10,932,295 (10 million, nine hundred thirty-two thousand, two hundred ninety-five names submitted during NASA's "Send Your Name to Mars" campaign. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory engineers stencilled the names via an electron beam (E-beam) onto three fingernail-sized chips, according to the NASA Science Mars Exploration Program's news release of Feb. 23, 2021.

The takeaways for Perseverance parachute codes that Dare Mighty Things and give JPL (Jet Propulsion Laboratory) coordinates are that Mars 2020 Perseverance Systems Engineer Ian Clark designed the binary code for the messages embedded in a neutral white and international orange scheme; that "Dare Mighty Things" references JPL's motto, which comes from then-Governor of New York Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt's "The Strenuous Speech," given in Chicago, Illinois, on April 10, 1899; and that the rover also carries information conveyed via graphics and on a microchip.

Mars 2020 Perseverance Systems Engineer Ian Clark, who designed the binary code embedded in Perseverance's orange-and-white parachute, passes mission countdown clocks in the Perseverance offices at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California; image credit NASA/JPL-Caltech; date Tuesday, April 21, 2020: May be used for any purpose without prior permission, via NASA Science Mars Exploration Program

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Image taken Feb. 18, 2021, during Perseverance rover's descent toward Mars' Jezero Crater, by a parachute-up-look camera has been annotated to reveal binary-coded messages designed by Mars 2020 Perseverance Systems Engineer Ian Clark; NASA ID PIA24431; image addition date 2021-02-23; image credit NASA, JPL-Caltech: May be used for any purpose without prior permission, via NASA JPL Photojournal @ https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA24431; Generally not subject to copyright in the United States; may use this material for educational or informational purposes, including photo collections, textbooks, public exhibits, computer graphical simulations, and Internet Web pages; general permission extends to personal Web pages, via NASA Image and Video Library @ https://images.nasa.gov/details-PIA24431

Color-reference target, called "cal target," enables calibrating Perseverance's pair of zoomable cameras, Mastcam-Z; icons (top, right to left): fern, Apatosaurus, man and woman with hands in greeting, Mars-bound rocket, inner solar system model, double-stranded DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) helix and cyanobacteria; Perseverance mission motto (bottom); NASA ID PIA24178; image credit NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASU/MSSS/University of Copenhagen: May be used for any purpose without prior permission, via NASA JPL Photojournal @ https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA24178; Generally not subject to copyright in the United States; may use this material for educational or informational purposes, including photo collections, textbooks, public exhibits, computer graphical simulations, and Internet Web pages; general permission extends to personal Web pages, via NASA Image and Video Library @ https://images.nasa.gov/details-PIA24178

Carter, Jamie. "Mars Messages: Why NASA’s ‘Secret Code’ In The Perseverance Rover’s Supersonic Parachute Is Just The Start." Forbes. Feb. 25, 2021
Available @ https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamiecartereurope/2021/02/25/mars-messages-why-nasas-secret-code-in-the-perseverance-rovers-supersonic-parachute-is-just-the-start/?sh=3649ad535d75

Greicius, Tony. "Mastcam-Z Looks at Its Calibration Target." NASA > Images > JPL > Perseverance Mars Rover. Feb. 22, 2021.
Available @ https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/jpl/mastcam-z-looks-at-its-calibration-target

Hautaluoma, Grey; and Alana Johnson. "How NASA's Perseverance Mars Team Adjusted to Work in the Time of Coronavirus." NASA Science Mars Exploration Program > News. April 21, 2020.
Available @ https://mars.nasa.gov/news/8654/how-nasas-perseverance-mars-team-adjusted-to-work-in-the-time-of-coronavirus/

Jet Propulsion Laboratory. "PIA24178: Mastcam-Z's Calibration Target." PhotoJournal. Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASU/MSSS/University of Copenhagen. Image Addition Date: 2020-12-08.
Available @ https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA24178

Jet Propulsion Laboratory. "PIA24431: Mars Decoder Ring." PhotoJournal. Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech. Image Addition Date: 2021-02-23.
Available @ https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA24431

NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) JPL (Jet Propulsion Laboratory)-Caltech. "Mars Decoder Ring." NASA Image and Video Library. NASA ID: PIA24431. D created 2021-02-23.
Available @ https://images.nasa.gov/details-PIA24431

NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) JPL (Jet Propulsion Laboratory)-Caltech. "Mastcam-Z's Calibration Target." NASA Image and Video Library. NASA ID: PIA24178. Secondary Creator Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASU/MSSS/University of Copenhagen. Date created 2021-02-23.
Available @ https://images.nasa.gov/details-PIA24178

NASA Mars. "The Mars 2020 Rover Has a Name!" NASA Science Mars Exploration Program > NASA Science Mars 2020 Mission Perseverance Rover. Available @ https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/participate/name-the-rover/

NASA Mars. "Nearly 11 Million Names of Earthlings are on Mars Perseverance." NASA Science Mars Exploration Program > News & Events > News. Feb. 23, 2021.
Available @ https://mars.nasa.gov/news/8872/nearly-11-million-names-of-earthlings-are-on-mars-perseverance/

NASA Mars. "Send Your Name to Mars." NASA Mars Exploration Program.
Available @ https://mars.nasa.gov/participate/send-your-name/mars2020/

Roosevelt, Theodore, Jr. "The Strenuous Life." Speech before the Hamilton Club, Chicago, April 10, 1899.
Available via Wikisource @ https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Strenuous_Life

Tuesday, March 30, 2021

Bakerhaven Maps Aim a Victim at a Birthday Bash And a Puzzle to Die On

Summary: Bakerhaven maps aim a victim at a birthday bash And a Puzzle to Die On and, amplified by Danbury and New Haven maps, a perpetrator at a second casualty.

Bakerhaven maps aim a victim at a birthday bash And a Puzzle to Die On and, amplified by Danbury and New Haven maps, a perpetrator, despite a witness, at a second casualty.

Main Street binds town businesses such as Cushman’s Bake Shop to such other respectively downtown and side-street buildings as the town hall and the Bakerhaven Gazette. It conveniences Sherry Carter commuting to nursery-school substitute-teaching two to three times monthly straight back to country living with aunt, housemate and Puzzle Lady Cora Felton. It deposits clients such as Darryl Daigue’s sister and private investigators such as Cora Felton at attorney Becky Baldwin’s one-room office above the side-street pizza parlor.

Main Street clients, customers and patrons emanate from town enterprises and government even as the Route 9 diner and Kingman Grove icehouse entertained burger-eating, milkshake-enticed students.

Side streets from Main Street function friendlier than 1.5 hours of back roads with 25- to 50-mile (40.23- to 80.47-kilometer) hourly speeds to Brandon State Penitentiary.

Wicker Basket restaurant, perhaps accessible from back-road gallivanting and to a country rental and from and to law offices, gets Cora and Becky as lunch guests. Town roads and streets head Cora from her home to the Bakerhaven police station on Main Street and from her home to the Danbury police station. A hill-bottom, right-turning curve impelling Bakerhaven-born, Danbury-residing 43-year-old Ricky Gleason’s blue Chevy into a huge oak inconveniences even Danbury police cars eastbound on Red Oak Road.

Cora perhaps journeys to Danbury medical examiner offices as she journeyed to the state penitentiary and to Danbury police, with MapQuest, without Danbury or Bakerhaven maps.

Perhaps Cora by now knows her way without MapQuest to Bakerhaven library from offices kept by Dr. Jenkins across from metered parking, down from a newsstand.

MapQuest lets Cora leave her home for Danbury city limits, where a right turn after three stoplights leads her to house number 8, then number 12. The two-story colonial mansion of Ida Blaine and her industrialist husband Quentin Hawes manifests behind a tall hedge trimmed to maintain privacy on a well-lighted street. It nestles, nicely distanced from its neighbors, amid a manicured, spacious lawn and behind a horseshoe drive whose surface niches a Ferrari near the front door.

Perhaps Bakerhaven maps, MapQuest and New Haven maps orient Cora to a truck-stop diner where Stacy Daigue, third-floor walk-up occupant down the road, obtains counter-girl hours.

Danbury-proficient Cora peregrinates to Burnside Private Investigators, 316 Main Street, Room 204,; the Valerie Thompkins residence, 325 Hickory Road; and the Peter Burnside suburban, third-floor walk-up.

Cora quests purebred toy poodle Buddy from Valerie’s neighbor, Cynthia Mayberry, and Best in Show video from Valerie’s quarters and thereby qualifies for Danbury jail overnight. She never researches where Gwendolyn Dryer resided in Boulder, Colorado, even as she relates brother Jason Dryer’s New York City residence to a disreputable, single-room-occupancy hotel. She never shares site specifics about Carlyle Kennel sheltering homeless, orphaned Buddy or the Danbury courthouse where Judge Trilling saw no probable cause for dog-napping sentences.

Cindy Tambourine’s brother Kenneth perhaps thinks first about terminating Darryl Daigue, then about Danbury and Bakerhaven maps and MapQuest for escape routes from Brandon State Penitentiary.

Cora Felton advances into digital, virtual areas thanks to housemate and niece Sherry Carter's personal computer. She amplifies her acquaintance with digital, virtual applications by availing herself of MapQest online web mapping services instead of the physical maps available during her pre-Bakerhaven years in the 20th century; Saturday, Oct. 22, 2016, 13:37, image of web map app in smartphone: Santeri Viinamäki, CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Icehouses are less unassuming in the architecture imaged in 1846 for The Horticulturist and journal of rural art and rural taste than the icehouse appearing in the Parnell Hall-authored mystery novel And a Puzzle to Die On. The Bakerhaven-area icehouse appealed to youngsters avid for woods-shaded romancing after diner burgers and milkshakes. The Kingman Grove icehouse adjacent to the Route 9 diner attracted a perpetrator, whose aggression afforded him a life sentence, and a victim, whose death affected Bakerhaven acquaintances for 20 years; The Horticulturist and Journal of Rural Art and Rural Taste (February 1846), page 47: Internet Archive Book Images, Public Domain, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/internetarchivebookimages/14595149747/; via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/horticulturistjo2166alba/page/n47/mode/1up; No known copyright restrictions, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Horticulturist_and_journal_of_rural_art_and_rural_taste_(1866)_(14595149747).jpg

Hall, Parnell. 2019. Lights! Camera! Puzzles! New York NY; London UK: Pegasus Crime.

Hall, Parnell. 2018. The Purloined Puzzle. New York NY: Minotaur Books, A Thomas Dunne Book, an imprint of St. Martin's Press.

Hall, Parnell. 2017. A Puzzle To Be Named Later. New York NY: Minotaur Books, A Thomas Dunne Book, an imprint of St. Martin's Press.

Hall, Parnell. 2016. Presumed Puzzled. New York NY: Minotaur Books, A Thomas Dunne Book, an imprint of St. Martin's Press.

Hall, Parnell. 2015. Puzzled Indemnity. New York NY: Minotaur Books, A Thomas Dunne Book, an imprint of St. Martin's Press.

Hall, Parnell. 2014. NYPD Puzzle. New York NY: Minotaur Books, A Thomas Dunne Book, an imprint of St. Martin's Press.

Hall, Parnell. 2013. Arsenic and Old Puzzles. New York NY: Minotaur Books, A Thomas Dunne Book, an imprint of St. Martin's Press.

Hall, Parnell. 2012. $10,000 in Small, Unmarked Puzzles. New York NY: Minotaur Books, A Thomas Dunne Book, an imprint of St. Martin's Press.

Hall, Parnell. 2011. The Kenken Killings. New York NY: Minotaur Books, A Thomas Dunne Book, an imprint of St. Martin's Press.

Hall, Parnell. 2010. The Puzzle Lady vs. The Sudoku Lady. New York NY: Minotaur Books, A Thomas Dunne Book, an imprint of St. Martin's Press.

Hall, Parnell. 2009. Dead Man's Puzzle. New York NY: Minotaur Books, A Thomas Dunne Book for Minotaur Books, an imprint of St. Martin's Press.

Hall, Parnell. 2008. The Sudoku Puzzle Murders. New York NY: Thomas Dunne Books St. Martin's Minotaur, an imprint of St. Martin's Press.

Hall, Parnell. 2006. You Have the Right to Remain Puzzled. New York NY: Bantam Books, division of Random House, Inc.

Hall, Parnell. 2005. Stalking the Puzzle Lady. New York NY: Bantam Books, division of Random House, Inc.

Hall, Parnell. 2004. And a Puzzle to Die On. New York NY: Bantam Books, division of Random House, Inc.

Hall, Parnell. 2003. With This Puzzle, I Thee Kill. New York NY: Bantam Books, division of Random House, Inc.

Hall, Parnell. 2002. A Puzzle in a Pear Tree. New York NY: Bantam Books, division of Random House, Inc.

Hall, Parnell. 2001. Puzzled to Death. New York NY: Bantam Books, division of Random House, Inc.

Hall, Parnell. 2000. Last Puzzle & Testament. New York NY: Bantam Books, division of Random House, Inc.

Hall, Parnell. 1999. A Clue for the Puzzle Lady. New York NY: Bantam Books, division of Random House, Inc.

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 March 2021. "Four Cryptograms Assure Two Deaths in With This Puzzle, I Thee Kill." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/four-cryptograms-assure-two-deaths-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 March 2021. "Honeyed Lemoned Teas Are For Fiancees in With This Puzzle, I Thee Kill." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/honeyed-lemoned-teas-are-for-fiancees.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 March 2021. "Manhattan and San Diego Account For Why With This Puzzle, I Thee Kill." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/manhattan-and-san-diego-account-for-why.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 March 2021. "Christmas Carolers Are Three Voices Short in A Puzzle in a Pear Tree." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/christmas-carolers-are-three-voices.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 February 2021. "A Puzzle in a Pear Tree Alters a Christmas Pageant and a Live Nativity." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/a-puzzle-in-pear-tree-alters-christmas.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 February 2021. "Tristate Access Adds a Broadway Director to A Puzzle in a Pear Tree." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/tristate-access-adds-broadway-director.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 February 2021. "Attorney Becky Baldwin Maybe Aces New York Lawyers in Puzzled to Death." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/attorney-becky-baldwin-maybe-aces-new.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 February 2021. "Perhaps Fun Night Attendees Ate All Free Desserts in Puzzled to Death." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/perhaps-fun-night-attendees-ate-all.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 January 2021. "New Yorkers Adapt to Less Light and More Parking in Puzzled to Death." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/new-yorkers-adapt-to-less-light-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 January 2021. "Fifteen Million Dollars Avenge Old Wrongs in Last Puzzle and Testament." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/fifteen-million-dollars-avenge-old.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 January 2021. "Chicken Soup Awes All But Appears Nowhere in Last Puzzle and Testament." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/chicken-soup-awes-all-but-appears.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 January 2021. "Interstate Highways Add More Hurley Heirs to Last Puzzle and Testament." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/interstate-highways-add-more-hurley.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 December 2020. "Bakerhaven Acquaintances Afford A Clue for the Puzzle Lady." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/12/bakerhaven-acquaintances-afford-clue.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 December 2020. "Bakerhaven Alcohol Acts as A Clue for the Puzzle Lady." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/12/bakerhaven-alcohol-acts-as-clue-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 December 2020. "An Actual Bakerhaven Map Never Appears as A Clue for the Puzzle Lady." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/12/an-actual-bakerhaven-map-never-appears.html

"Puzzle Lady." Parnell Hall.com > Books. Website by Kate Anchev/Outbox Online Design Studio.
Available @ http://parnellhall.com/puzzle-lady/

Monday, March 29, 2021

Marcella Sembrich Created Met Opera's Queen of Night March 30, 1900

Summary: Marcella Sembrich created Met Opera's Queen of the Night on Friday, March 30, 1900, and sang her last Queen of the Night on Wednesday, April 6, 1904.

Met Opera's Queen of the Night lineage traces back to Polish coloratura soprano Marcella Sembrich, who created the role in the opera house's Friday, March 30, 1900, premiere of Mozart's fairy-tale opera, Die Zauberflöte: The Metropolitan Opera Guild @metropolitanoperaguild, via Facebook Aug. 6, 2020

Marcella Sembrich created Met Opera's Queen of the Night on Friday, March 30, 1900, and, four seasons later, on Wednesday, April 6, 1904, made her 26th and last appearance as Met Opera's first Queen of the Night.

The Metropolitan Opera premiere of Die Zauberflöte by Classical Era composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (Jan. 27, 1756-Dec. 5, 1791) took place Friday, March 30, 1900. Mozart's two-act, German-language singspiel ("sing-play") received five performances in the 1899-1900 Met Opera season. All five performances were sung in Italian and staged at the Metropolitan Opera House. The second through fifth, closing performances took place Wednesday, April 4; Saturday, April 7; Monday, April 9; and Thursday, April 12.

Marcella Sembrich (Feb. 15, 1858-Jan. 11, 1935) sang the Queen of the Night in all five of the 1899-1900 season's performances of Die Zauberflöte. The Polish coloratura soprano had made her Met Opera debut Wednesday, Oct. 24, 1883, in the title role in the first season's second premiere, Lucia di Lammermoor by Italian opera composer Gaetano Donizetti (Nov. 29, 1797-April 8, 1848). In fact, her second Lucia reprisal occurred in the 1899-1900 season's two performances (Tuesday, March 6; Wednesday, March 21) of Lucia di Lammermoor.

The Metropolitan Opera did not offer Die Zauberflöte in the next, 1900-1901 season but did stage the fairy-tale opera in the 1901-1902 season. Eight performances, sung in Italian, were given in the 1901-1902 season. The Metropolitan Opera House was the venue for the season's first (Monday, Jan. 27, 1902), third (Saturday, Feb. 8) and fourth (Friday, Feb. 28) performances of Die Zauberflöte. The second performance (Thursday, Feb. 6) took place in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The fifth (Thursday, March 13) and sixth (Saturday, March 22) were held in Boston, Massachusetts. The last two performances (Thursday, April 3; Friday, April 11) were staged in Chicago, Illinois. Marcella Sembrich reprised her role for all eight performances.

Marcella Sembrich made her second Queen of the Night reprisal in the succeeding, 1902-1903 season. Six performances, sung in Italian, were offered. The Metropolitan Opera House was the venue for the first (Wednesday, Feb. 25, 1903) and second (Friday, March 6) performances. The third performance (Thursday, March 12) took place at the Academy of Music in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The fourth performance (Thursday, April 2) was given at the Boston Theatre in Boston, Massachusetts. The fifth performance (Saturday, April 18) was held at The Auditorium in Chicago, Illinois. The sixth, closing performance (Tuesday, April 21) was staged at Music Hall in Cincinnati, Ohio.

Marcella Sembrich's third and last Queen of the Night reprisal occurred in the next season. She sang in all seven of the 1903-1904 season's performances of Die Zauberflöte. The Metropolitan Opera House was the venue for the first four performances (Monday, Jan. 11, 1904; Wednesday, Jan. 20; Thursday, Feb. 18; Saturday, Feb. 27). The fifth performance (St. Patrick's Day, Thursday, March 17) was held at The Auditorium in Chicago, Illinois. The sixth performance (Wednesday, March 30) took place at Nixon Theatre in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The seventh, closing performance (Wednesday, April 6) was staged at Boston Theatre in Boston, Massachusetts.

The Metropolitan Opera Archives Database (MetOpera Database) notes that some of the 1903-1904 season's performances of Die Zauberflöte were sung in German and some in Italian. The second (Jan. 20) and fourth (Feb. 27) performances, held at home, and the fifth (March 17) performance, held on tour in Chicago, are specified as sung in Italian.

Marcella Sembrich's appearance in the season's closing performance of Die Zauberflöte marked her last Queen of the Night at the Metropolitan Opera. Her April 6 appearance numbered as her 26th performance in the Mozart role that she had honed over four seasons (1899-1900, 1901-1902, 1902-1903, 1903-1904) and that she had created at the opera house four years earlier, on Friday, March 30, 1900.

The takeaways for Marcella Sembrich's creation of Met Opera's Queen of the Night on March 30, 1900, are that the Polish coloratura soprano sang the expressive Die Zauberflöte role in 26 performances over four seasons; and that the first three seasons were staged in Italian, while the fourth season featured some performances in German.

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Eugène Castel-Bert made his Met Opera debut Friday, March 30, 1900, as costume designer in the opera house's premiere of Mozart's Die Zauberflöte: The Sembrich @TheSembrich, via Facebook June 19, 2015, @ https://www.facebook.com/TheSembrich/photos/a.481908958541300/855530581179134/

For further information:

"Debuts: Marcella Sembrich, Giuseppe Kaschmann, Achille Augier, Amadeo Grazzi, Imogene Forti, Vincenzo Fornaris." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 1010 Metropolitan Opera Premiere Lucia di Lammermoor {1} Metropolitan Opera House: 10/24/1883.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=1010

Marriner, Derdriu. "Ernani Opened Jan. 28, 1903, as Eighth Verdi Opera at Met Opera." Earth and Space News. Monday, March 1, 2021.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/ernani-opened-jan-28-1903-as-eighth.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Manru Opened Feb. 14, 1902, as First Polish Opera Staged at Met Opera." Earth and Space News. Monday, Feb. 22, 2021.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/manru-opened-feb-14-1902-as-first.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Marcella Sembrich Made Last Met Opera Appearance Feb. 6, 1909." Earth and Space News. Monday, Feb. 15, 2021.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/marcella-sembrich-made-last-met-opera.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Marcella Sembrich Sang Met Opera's Mimì December 1902 to February 1909." Earth and Space News. Monday, March 8, 2021.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/marcella-sembrich-sang-met-operas-mimi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Marcella Sembrich Sang Mozart's Susanna as Last Met Role Feb. 4, 1909." Earth and Space News. Monday, Feb. 8, 2021.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/marcella-sembrich-sang-mozarts-susanna.html

The Metropolitan Opera Guild @metropolitanoperaguild. "#OTD in 1900, Mozart's DIE ZAUBERFLÖTE had its Met premiere with Marcella Sembrich singing the famous Queen of the Night! #TodayInOpera #TBT." Facebook. March 30, 2017.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/metropolitanoperaguild/photos/a.10150144873997754/10155221251227754/

The Metropolitan Opera Guild @metropolitanoperaguild. "With some of the most recognizable music in the operatic canon come a variety of striking looks for this week's #OperaThroughTheYears feature: The Queen of the Night from Mozart's Die Zauberflöte, portrayed in these photos by: Marcella Sembrich (1900) Roberta Peters (1956) Lucia Popp (1967) Mary Dunleavy (1998) L'ubica Vargicová (2004) #TBT #KoniginDerNacht #Mozart #DieZauberflote #MarcellaSembrich #RobertaPeters #LuciaPopp #MaryDunleavy #LubicaVargicova #soprano #coloratura #HighNotes #YasQueen." Facebook. Aug. 6, 2020.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/metropolitanoperaguild/photos/a.10150144873997754/10158958120897754/

Owen, H. (Henry) Goddard. A Recollection of Marcella Sembrich. First edition. Bolton Landing NY: Marcella Sembrich Memorial Association: Jan. 1, 1950.

Owen, H. (Henry) Goddard; and Philip Lieson Miller. A Recollection of Marcella Sembrich, With a New Introduction. Da Capo Press Series in Architecture and Decorative Art. New York NY: Da Capo Press, April 21, 1982.

Rous, Samuel Holland. The Victrola Book of the Opera: Stories of One Hundred and Twenty Operas With Seven-Hundred Illustrations and Descriptions of Twelve-Hundred Victor Opera Records. Fourth revised edition. Camden NJ: Victor Talking Machine Company, 1917.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/victrolabookofop00vict

The Sembrich @TheSembrich. "Marcella Sembrich as The Queen of the Night, by Aime Dupont, the official photographer for the Metropolitan Opera, c. 1900." Facebook. June 19, 2015.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/TheSembrich/photos/a.481908958541300/855668221165370/

The Sembrich @TheSembrich. "This magnificent costume, worn by Marcella Sembrich as The Queen of the Night at the Met's premiere of The Magic Flute in 1900, is now on display at the Sembrich Museum through Sept. 15. We hope to see you this summer! http://www.thesembrich.org/." Facebook. June 19, 2015.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/TheSembrich/photos/a.481908958541300/855530581179134/

Sunday, March 28, 2021

Seepage Dancer Damselfly Habitats: Wings at Rest Over Dark Abdomen

Summary: Jerky fliers in North American seepage dancer damselfly habitats from the Great Plains to the Atlantic and Gulf rest with wings over dark-tipped abdomens.

A seepage dancer damselfly (Argia bipunctulata) casts its shadow; Patuxent National Wildlife Refuge, near Laurel, southern Maryland; Sunday, June 12, 2016: Judy Gallagher (judygva), CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Flickr

North American seepage dancer damselfly habitats assign cultivators waterlogged soils and naturalists distribution ranges in Atlantic and Gulf states from New Hampshire through Texas inland into Kansas, Kentucky, Missouri, Oklahoma and Tennessee.

Seepage dancers bear their common name as boggy seep-dwellers with bouncy, jerky, rough flight styles and the scientific name Argia bipunctulata (laziness [with] two small spots). Common names clinch the consensus of scientific committees convened by the Dragonfly Society of the Americas, whose Executive Council commits three editors to journals and publications. Scientific designations draw upon descriptions in 1861 by Hermann August Hagen (May 30, 1817-Nov. 9, 1893), Königsberg, Prussia-born curator at Harvard University's Museum of Comparative Zoology.

Seepage dancer damselfly life cycles expect abundant sedge along, and boggy, marshy edges to, flowing weedy ditches, small lakes, ponds and streams and sunny sphagnum seepages.

March through September function as maximum, most southerly flight seasons even though June through July furnish wildlife mapping opportunities for all coastal and inland habitat niches.

Adult female and male seepage dancer damselflies, unlike other dancer species, go for scattered, sedentary, solitary lifestyles from vertical perches on dense, near-ground-level, not surface-level, vegetation. They hunt as salliers by heading from grass stems into and out of dense vegetation after ground- or near-ground-level, motionless or moving, opportunistic or stalked prey. Adult life cycle stages involve perches on the sides of stems inclining toward water whereas other pond damsels such as bluets, identify with the side away.

Ants, biting midges, ducks, falcons, fish, flycatchers, frogs, grebes, lizards, robber flies, spiders, turtles, water beetles, bugs and mites jeopardize North American seepage dancer damselfly habitats.

Immature female and male seepage dancer damselflies keep to duller, lighter, more faded, paler colors than adult females and smaller sizes than mature females and males.

Incomplete metamorphosis leads seepage dancers from egg stages; through egg-hatched, immature, multi-molting larval, naiad or nymph stages that look like flightless, little adults; to mature stages. Adults rarely move far from bogs, lakes, marshes, ponds, seeps and streams where they forage, mate and tandem oviposit into surface or subsurface aquatic plant stems. Seepage dancers in the Coenagrionidae pond damsel family need aphids, beetles, borers, caddisflies, copepods, crane flies, dobsonflies, gnats, leafhoppers, mosquitoes, rotifers, scuds, water fleas and worms.

North American seepage dancer damselfly habitats offer season-coldest temperatures, northward to southward, from minus 15 to 25 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 26.11 to minus 3.88 degrees Celsius).

Beech, bellflower, birch, bladderwort, cattail, daisy, grass, greenbrier, heath, laurel, madder, maple, nettle, olive, pepperbush, pine, pondweed, rush, sedge, water-lily and willow families promote seepage dancers.

Dark heads; brown-capped tan eyes; pale occipital bars; black-striped tan thoraxes; clear, dot-tipped wings; and black- and blue-segmented, black-tipped brown abdomens qualify as adult female hallmarks. Blue-eyed, blue-faced males reveal dark-topped heads; pale occipital bars; black-striped blue thoraxes; clear, dot-tipped wings; black lower and black-striped upper legs and black-blotched, black-ringed, blue-tipped abdomens. Adults show off 0.91- to 1.18-inch (23- to 30-millimeter) head-body lengths, 0.71- to 0.94-inch (18- to 24-millimeter) abdomens and 0.51- to 0.71-inch (13- to 18-millimeter) hindwings.

Black-tipped, dark abdomens versus non-smooth flight and wings together above abdomens tell seepage dancers from bluets and other dancers in overlapping American seepage dancer damselfly habitats.

seepage dancer damselfly (Argia bipunctulata); Cedar Bog State Nature Preserve, near Urbana, Champaign County, west central Ohio; Saturday, July 23, 2016, 20:17:46: Andrew Cannizzaro (acryptozoo), CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Flickr

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

seepage dancer damselfly; Cedar Bog State Nature Preserve, near Urbana, Champaign County, west central Ohio; Saturday, July 23, 2016, 20:17:46: Andrew Cannizzaro (acryptozoo), CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/acryptozoo/27908157064/

For further information:

Abbott, John C. Dragonflies and Damselflies of Texas and the South-Central United States: Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas, Oklahoma and New Mexico. Princeton NJ; and Oxford UK: Princeton University Press, 2005.

"Argia bipunctulata." James Cook University-Medusa: The Odonata - Dragonflies and Damselflies > Zygoptera > Coenagrionidae > Argia.
Available via James Cook University-Medusa @ https://medusa.jcu.edu.au/Dragonflies/openset/displaySpecies.php?spid=3400

Beaton, Giff. Dragonflies & Damselflies of Georgia and the Southeast. Athens GA; and London UK: University of Georgia Press, 2007.

Berger, Cynthia. Dragonflies. Mechanicsburg PA: Stackpole Books: Wild Guide, 2004.

Bright, Ethan. "Argia Rambur, 1842 (Dancers)." Aquatic Insects of Michigan > Odonata (Dragon- and Damselflies) of Michigan > Zygoptera Selys, 1854 > Coenagrionidae, Kirby, 1890 (Pond Damselflies).
Available @ http://www.aquaticinsects.org/sp/Odonata/sp_oom.html

Hagen, Hermann (August). "32. A. bipunctulatum! Agrion bipunctulatum Hagen." Synopsis of the Neuroptera of North America. With a List of the South American Species: 90. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, vol. IV, art. I. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution, July 1861.
Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1321227
Available via HathiTrust @ https://hdl.handle.net/2027/aeu.ark:/13960/t32241f34?urlappend=%3Bseq=125

Paulson, Dennis. Dragonflies and Damselflies of the East. Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press, Princeton Field Guides, 2011.

"The 2012 USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map." The National Gardening Association > Gardening Tools > Learning Library USDA Hardiness Zone > USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map.
Available @ https://garden.org/nga/zipzone/2012/

Saturday, March 27, 2021

Alahee and Mock-Orange Are, Like Magnum’s The Lies We Tell, Lookalikes

Summary: Alahee and mock-orange trees are, like Magnum’s The Lies We Tell March 26, 2021, lookalikes even as they are from unrelated coffee and hydrangea families.

flower buds and fruit of alaheʻe (Psydrax odorata); Papanalahoa Point, rugged northwestern Maui; Saturday, Nov. 20, 2004, 12:13: Forest & Kim Starr, CC BY 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons

Alahee and mock-orange trees are, like Magnum’s The Lies We Tell crime action drama television series episode March 26, 2021, lookalikes even as they are from unrelated coffee and hydrangea plant families.

Director Rubba Nada and writer Katie Varney balance the benefits of romantic involvement with the betrayal of identity theft in Season Three’s 11th episode, 51st overall. They continue comparable considerations concerning other characters in Season One’s third episode, The Woman Who Never Died, and Season Two’s eighth episode, He Came By Night. Emily Layton (Catherine Haena Kim) and James Harris (Troy Garity) respectively double as Tara Moss and Daniel Skorda due to plastic surgery and same-duty military deeds.

Yesternight’s episode, unlike episode three and series episode 28 overall, entails the identity thief, Eddie (Nakota Decoite), expiring after establishing himself as Jax Connors (Jeff Wiesen).

Alahee (from Hawaiian alahe’e, “fragrant octopus”), also featured locally as ‘ōhe’e and walahe’e, and mock-orange trees never fool arborists, master gardeners, master naturalists and tree stewards.

Crescent-shaped, tough-coated 0.24-inch- (6-millimeter-) long seeds, with one-month germinatability and one-year viability, generate 8- to 12-inch- (20.32- to 30.48-centimeter-) tall seedlings within three to six months. Each edible, glossy, pulpy, round, 0.31- to 0.38-inch (7.94- to 9.66-millimeter) fruit holds two edible seeds, germinatable and viable unless harmed by Alucita objurgatella moth larvae. Fall and winter months most often initiate the stone-fruit production of the immature, initially green drupes (from Latin drūpa, “wrinkled olive,” from Greek δρύππᾱ, “[ripened] olive”).

Alahee trees, Psydrax odorata (from Greek ψυδραξ, “blister, bump, pimple” and Latin odōrāta, “perfumed”) scientifically, journey through perennial life cycles with wildlife-friendly flowers, fruits and seeds.

The fragrant-flowered, stone-fruited Rubiaceae (from Latin rubia, “madder, red dye” and -āceae, “resembling”) bedstraw, coffee, madder family member keep flower-, fruit-, seed-loving objurgatella moth larvae fed.

Alahee trees, listed taxonomically by Johann Forster (Nov. 27, 1754-Jan. 10, 1794), Steven Darwin and Albert Smith (April 5, 1906-May 23, 1999), lodge little-flowered, winter-blooming clusters. Their leaf bases maintain many clusters of miniaturized flowers whose calyx (from Latin calyx, “bud,” from Greek κάλυξ, “bud case, husk”) ring marks black-green, black-purple fruits. Flowers nestle into cymose (from Latin cȳmōsus, “sprouting,” from cȳma, “springtime, young shoot,” from Greek κῦμα, “embryo”) corymbs (from Latin corymbus, from Greek κόρυμβος, “flower/fruit cluster”).

Alahee trees offer near-inch- (2.5-centimeter-) long flowers on 0.31-inch- (7.87-millimeter-) long stalks with green-based, near 0.12-inch- (3.05-millimeter-) long hypanthia (from Greek ὑπό, “under” and ἀνθίων, “floweret”).

Each flower possesses five calyx teeth and a tube-shaped, white 0.19-inch- (4.83-millimeter-) long corolla (from Latin corolla, “wreathlet”) with five fine-haired lobes and five pollen-producing stamens.

Floral, slender-stemmed pistil (from Latin pistillum, "pestle") styles (from Latin stilus, “spike”) queue two-celled ovaries and pollen-receiving, two-lobed stigmas (from Latin stigma, from Greek στίγμα, “mark”). Blunt-ended, elliptical, finely sparse-veined, hairless, leathery, opposite-paired, semi-thickened 1.25- to 3.5-inch (3.18- to 8.89-centimeter-) long, 0.63- to 1.25-inch- (1.6- to 3.18-centimeter-) wide leaves reveal dull undersides. They showcase downward-edged, shiny uppersides and 0.12-inch- (3.05-millimeter-) long white- or yellow-green stalks with pointed bases amid four-angled, gray-green, hairless, semi-scaly twigs with enlarged, ringed nodes.

Four-inch (10.16-centimeter) diameter, round-crowned, 20-foot- (6.09-meter-) tall, white-barked alahee trees native to Australia, Melanesian, Micronesia and Polynesia sea-level through 3,800-foot (1,158.64-meter) altitudes somewhat twin mock-orange trees.

Thomas Magnum (Jay Hernandez) and Juliet Higgins (Perdita Weeks) in Magnum P.I.'s The Lies We Tell (season 3 episode 11): SpoilerTV @SpoilerTV, via Twitter Feb. 20, 2021

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

flower buds and fruit of alaheʻe (Psydrax odorata); Papanalahoa Point, rugged northwestern Maui; Saturday, Nov. 20, 2004, 12:13: Forest & Kim Starr, CC BY 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Starr_041120-1013_Psydrax_odorata.jpg; Forest & Kim Starr, CC BY 4.0 International, via Starr Environmental @ http://www.starrenvironmental.com/images/image/?q=24693828726; Forest and Kim Starr (Starr Environmental), CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/starr-environmental/24693828726/

Thomas Magnum (Jay Hernandez) and Juliet Higgins (Perdita Weeks) in Magnum P.I.'s The Lies We Tell (season 3 episode 11): SpoilerTV @SpoilerTV, via Twitter Feb. 20, 2021, @ https://twitter.com/SpoilerTV/status/1362657488898846722

For further information:

"Alahe'e." Maui Cultural Lands > Educate > Hawaiian Native Species Index. Copyright 2020.
Available @ https://mauiculturallands.org/alahee

"Alahe'e." Maui Native Nursery > Plant Guide > Trees.
Available @ https://www.mauinativenursery.com/alahee.html

Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) & IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group. 2019. “Psydrax odorata (amended version of 2018 assessment).” The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T136089885A144799235.https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T136089885A144799235.en
Available @ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/136089885/144799235

Choy, Duane. 14 March 2011. "Hardy, Tall-Growing Plant Is A Fragrant Foreigner." Honolulu Star Advertiser > Features > The Urban Gardener.
Available @ https://www.staradvertiser.com/2011/03/14/features/the-urban-gardener/hardy-tall-growing-plant-is-a-fragrant-foreigner/

Forster, Georgio. "Coffea. 94. C. odorata." Florvlae Insularvm Australivm. Page 16 Gottingae [Gottingen, Germany]: Joann. Christian. Dietrich, MDCCLXXXVI.
Available @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11162922

"He Came By Night." Magnum PI: The Second Season. Los Angeles CA: Paramount Pictures Corporation, Nov. 15, 2019.

Herring, E. "Psydrax odorata." University of Hawaii at Manoa > College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources > Hawaiian Native Plant Propagation Database. Last updated 7 October 2001.
Available @ https://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/hawnprop/plants/psy-odor.htm

"Hawaiian name(s): alahe'e, walahe'e, ōhe'e." Bernice Bishop Museum > Hawaiian Ethnobotany Online Database. Copyright 2021.
Available @ http://data.bishopmuseum.org/ethnobotanydb/ethnobotany.php?b=d&ID=alahee

Koebele, Bruce P. "Alahe'e (Psydrax odorata) - Clues to Doing It Right." A Native Hawaiian Garden > Flowering Plants.
Available @ http://www.nativehawaiiangarden.org/flowering-plants/alahe-e

Kuhio Elementary School. “Alahe’e Psydrax odorata.” Page 1. In: Ala Wai Elementary, Hokulani Elementary and Kuhio Elementary. Oahu Botanical Field Guide. Explorations from the Kulana’ Ahane Trail.
Available @ https://www.honolulu.gov/rep/site/dfmswq/BotanFG.web.pdf

"The Lies We Tell." Magnum PI: The Third Season. Los Angeles CA: Paramount Pictures Corporation, March 26, 2021.

Little, Elbert L., Jr.; and Roger G. Skolmen. 1989. "Alahe'e." In: Common Forest Trees of Hawaii (Native and Introduced). U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Agriculture Handbook No. 679. Reprinted by University of Hawaii at Manoa College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, 2003.
Available via Wayback Machine @ https://web.archive.org/web/20100610002223/http://www2.ctahr.hawaii.edu/forestry/trees/CommonTreesHI/CFT_Canthium_odoratum.pdf

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 March 2021. "Kaunaoa Kahakai Hawaiian Dodder Avoids Guilt on Magnum’s Long Way Home." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/kaunaoa-kahakai-hawaiian-dodder-avoids.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 February 2021. "Solar Power, Not Revenge Against Magnum, Acts as Big Payback in Hawaii." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/solar-power-not-revenge-against-magnum.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 February 2021. "Alae'ula Hawaiian Moorhens Add up to Magnum's Someone to Watch Over Me." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/alaeula-hawaiian-moorhens-add-up-to.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 February 2021. "Huakai Po Nightmarchers Act Unlike Magnum's Killer on the Midnight Shift." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/huakai-po-nightmarchers-act-unlike.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 January 2021. "Aumakua Omaomao Hawaiian Moths Actualize Magnum's Tell No One." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/aumakua-omaomao-hawaiian-moths.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 January 2021. "Yellow-Bellied Sea Snakes Ape a Bit Magnum's Day Danger Walked In." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/yellow-bellied-sea-snakes-ape-bit.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 January 2021. "Coconut Oil Arms Hawaiian Martial Arts for Magnum's First the Beatdown." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/coconut-oil-arms-hawaiian-martial-arts.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 January 2021. "Kokio Keokeo Oahu White Hibiscus Allies Magnum's Bad Day and Farewell." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/kokio-keokeo-oahu-white-hibiscus-allies.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 December 2020. "Barking Sands Beach and Magnum's No Way Out Sometimes Are Under Attack." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/12/barking-sands-beach-and-magnums-no-way.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 December 2020. "Kiawe Trees Perhaps Ally Magnum's Easy Money With the Niihau Incident." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/12/kiawe-trees-perhaps-ally-magnums-easy.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 December 2020. "Ohelo Ai Hawaiian Blueberries Are Iconic for Magnum's Double Jeopardy." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/12/ohelo-ai-hawaiian-blueberries-are.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 November 2020. "Lahaina Banyan Figs Are Not on Magnum’s The Day It All Came Together." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/11/lahaina-banyan-figs-are-not-on-magnums.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 November 2020. "Lauwiliwili Lemon Butterflyfish Attend Magnum’s Day the Past Came Back." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/11/lauwiliwili-lemon-butterflyfish-attend.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 August 2020. "Inamona Hawaiian Salted Nut Sauce Actuates Magnum’s Day of the Viper." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/08/inamona-hawaiian-salted-nut-sauce.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 August 2020. "Kawailoa Activities Antedate Magnum’s Winner Takes All Jan. 20, 2019." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/08/kawailoa-activities-antedate-magnums.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 August 2020. "Konane Assuages, Like Chess on Magnum's Blood in the Water." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/08/konane-assuages-like-chess-on-magnums.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 August 2020. "Uhi Hawaiian Tattoos Acquit Magnum's The Woman Who Never Died." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/08/uhi-hawaiian-tattoos-acquit-magnums.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 August 2020. "Hinahina Beach Heliotrope Abhors Bombs on Magnum’s Nowhere to Hide." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/08/hinahina-beach-heliotrope-abhors-bombs.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 August 2020. "Lapis on Magnum’s Six Paintings Acts Like Silver on The Night Has Eyes." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/08/lapis-on-magnums-six-paintings-acts.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 May 2020. "'Uki'uki Hawaiian Lilies Aid Memory on Magnum PI's The Ties That Bind." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/05/ukiuki-hawaiian-lilies-aid-memory-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 May 2020. "Orange Tabby Cats Act Like and Unlike Magnum's A Leopard on the Prowl." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/05/orange-tabby-cats-act-like-and-unlike.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 May 2020. "Mahoe Tree Fruits Are Sweet As Pies on Magnum's May the Best One Win." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/05/mahoe-tree-fruits-are-sweet-as-pies-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 May 2020. "Pioeoe Purple Rock Barnacles Age Ships on Magnum's I Saw the Sun Rise." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/05/pioeoe-purple-rock-barnacles-age-ships.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 May 2020. "Wahiawa Botanical Garden Awes As Magnum's A World of Trouble Alarms." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/05/wahiawa-botanical-garden-awes-as.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 April 2020. "Mamaki Tea, Not Coffee on Magnum's The Night Has Eyes, Aids Alertness." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/04/mamaki-tea-not-coffee-on-magnums-night.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 April 2020. "Tiger Mosquitoes Annoy Magnum's Death Is Only Temporary and Farewell to Love." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/04/tiger-mosquitoes-annoy-magnums-death-is.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 April 2020. "Maui's Fishhook Manaiakalani Arrived After Magnum's Farewell to Love." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/04/mauis-fishhook-manaiakalani-arrived.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 April 2020. "Olive Ridley Sea Turtles Are Helped by Magnum’s Murder Is Never Quiet." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/04/olive-ridley-sea-turtles-are-helped-by.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 April 2020. "Kamehameha Butterflies Perhaps Are on Magnum's Say Hello to Your Past." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/04/kamehameha-butterflies-perhaps-are-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 February 2020. "Hawaiian House Mice Are Not Playing Magnum's A Game of Cat and Mouse." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/02/hawaiian-house-mice-are-not-playing.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 January 2020. "Iliahi Forest Sandalwood Aims at What Magnum's Black Is the Widow Aims." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/01/iliahi-forest-sandalwood-aims-at-what.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 January 2020. "Beach Naupaka Are Security Hedges for Magnum's Mondays Are For Murder." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/01/beach-naupaka-are-security-hedges-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 January 2020. "Hoi Hawaiian Bitter Yams Are Symbols for Magnum's Desperate Measures." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/01/hoi-hawaiian-bitter-yams-are-symbols.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 December 2019. "Kauna'oa Devil Dodder Abides Around Magnum's Day I Met the Devil." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/12/kaunaoa-devil-dodder-abides-around.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 December 2019. "Kauna'oa Hawaiian Red Algae Affirm Aspects of Magnum's Blood Brothers." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/12/kaunaoa-hawaiian-red-algae-affirm.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 November 2019. "Ka'upu Black-Footed Albatrosses Avert Magnum's A Bullet Named Fate." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/11/kaupu-black-footed-albatrosses-avert.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 November 2019. "Maiapilo Hawaiian Capers Are Absent From Magnum's He Came by Night." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/11/maiapilo-hawaiian-capers-are-absent.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 November 2019. "Lama Hawaiian Ebony Persimmon Augurs Magnum's Man in the Secret Room." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/11/lama-hawaiian-ebony-persimmon-augurs.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 November 2019. "Milo Pacific Rosewood Applies Five-0's All Knowledge to Magnum's Lie." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/11/milo-pacific-rosewood-applies-five-0s.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 October 2019. "Hawaiian Hoary Bats Acquit Five-0's Ghosts, Magnum's Make It 'Til Dawn." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/10/hawaiian-hoary-bats-acquit-five-0s.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 October 2019. "Molassesgrass Appalls Five-0's Tiny Is the Flower, Magnum's Dead Inside." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/10/molassesgrass-appalls-five-0s-tiny-is.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 October 2019. "Akohekohe Honeycreepers Attack Like Magnum PI's Knight Lasts Forever." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/10/akohekohe-honeycreepers-attack-like.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 October 2019. "Hawaiian Quilts Are More Cryptic Than Magnum PI's Honor Among Thieves." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/10/hawaiian-quilts-are-more-cryptic-than.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 September 2019. "Ti Tree Root Okolehao Applies To Magnum PI's Payback Is For Beginners." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/09/ti-tree-root-okolehao-applies-to-magnum.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 September 2019. "Yellow Fever Mosquitoes Air a Killer on Magnum's A Kiss Before Dying." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/09/yellow-fever-mosquitoes-air-killer-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 September 2019. "Hawaii Mamo Feathers Are Like Gold Necklaces on Magnum’s Die He Said." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/09/hawaii-mamo-feathers-are-like-gold.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 September 2019. "Koloa Maoli Hawaiian Ducks Are One Duck Less on Magnum's Sudden Death." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/09/koloa-maoli-hawaiian-ducks-are-one-duck.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 February 2019. "Makou Hawaiian Buttercups Add No Aconitine to Magnum's I, the Deceased." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/02/makou-hawaiian-buttercups-add-no.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 November 2018. "Makiawa Hawaiian Sardines Appease Magnum PI's The Cat Who Cried Wolf." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/11/makiawa-hawaiian-sardines-appease.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 October 2018. "Hawaiian Dolphinfish Mahi-Mahi Abide by Magnum PI's From the Head Down." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/10/hawaiian-dolphinfish-mahi-mahi-abide-by.html

Medeiros, A.C.; C.F. Davenport; and C.G. Chimera. 1998. Auwahi: Ethnobotany of a Hawaiian Dryland Forest. Technical Report 117. Honolulu HI: Cooperative National Park Resources Unit, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Department of Botany.
Available @ http://www.hear.org/naturalareas/auwahi/ethnobotany_of_auwahi.pdf
Available via Auwahi Forest Restoration Project @ https://static1.squarespace.com/static/573a2a872fe131b2351c0330/t/577183c25016e1a544ba4cee/1467057094745/Art+ETHNO+paper.pdf
Available via Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk Project @ http://www.hear.org/naturalareas/auwahi/

Medeiros, Arthur C. "Alahe'e (Psydrax odorata)." Auwahi Forest Restoration Project > The Forest > The Plants (la'au).
Available @ https://www.auwahi.org/the-plants-laau
Available @ https://static1.squarespace.com/static/573a2a872fe131b2351c0330/t/575b6abcd210b8173a487bdd/1465608892592/alahe%60e.pdf

Missouri Botanical Garden. "Coffea odorata G.Forst." Tropicos > Name Search > Name 50270366. Copyright 2021.
Available @ http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/50270366

Missouri Botanical Garden. "Psydrax odorata (G. Forst.) A.C. Sm. & S.P. Darwin Tropicos > Name Search > Name 50196841. Copyright 2021.
Available @ http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/50196841

"Psydrax odorata." Native Plants Hawai'i > Browse Plants > Listing of Native Hawaiian Plants > 19.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/10/hawaiian-dolphinfish-mahi-mahi-abide-by.html

Smith, Albert C. "1. Psydrax odorata (Forst. f.). A. C. Sm. & S. Darwin, comb. nov. Figures 87A & B, 88A." Flora Vitiensis Nova A New Flora of Fiji (Spermatophytes Only). Volume 4 Angiospermae, Dicotyledones, Families 164-169. 4: 230-232. Lawai, Kauai, Hawaii: Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden.
Available @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30315597

SpoilerTV @SpoilerTV. "Magnum PI - Episode 3.11 - The Lies We Tell - Promotional Photos + Press Release https://spoilertv.com/2021/02/magnum." Twitter. Feb. 20, 2021.
Available @ https://twitter.com/SpoilerTV/status/1362657488898846722

"The Woman Who Never Died." Magnum PI: The First Season. Los Angeles CA: Paramount Pictures Corporation, Oct. 8, 2018.