Ionized Gas Bubbles Atomize Bang! The Complete History of the Universe

Summary: Ionized gas bubbles admit black holes or first stars altering a neutral-hydrogen into an ionized universe, in Bang! The Complete History of the Universe.

NASA WMAP (Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Project) Science Team's concept illustrates the "super heated, roiling ionized hydrogen gas of a universe newly made": NASA / WMAP Science Team via NASA / WMAP

Ionized gas bubbles avow accelerating forces for maximum, and gravitational attraction for final, sized area matter in Chapter 2 And Then There Was Light in Bang! The Complete History of the Universe.

Co-authors Chris Lintott, Brian May and Patrick Moore broach galaxy-cluster ancestors bearing outward into expanded space, bringing in all area matter and becoming collapsed, gaseous agglomerations. The starless times just after the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) epoch of albeit gloomy transparency combats 21st-century astrophysicists culling anything visually from collapsed, gaseous, proto-galactic aggregations. The CMB, described perhaps more definitively as Cosmic Electromagnetic Radiation Background, at oxyacetylene torch-like 5,432 degrees Fahrenheit (3,000 degrees Celsius) delivers a diffuse, ever-fading, ever-reddening glow.

Gravitational attraction ensures mass expanded by extracting all available area matter even as gravitational collapse enigmatically establishes ancestral expressions of galaxy clusters before the first stars.

Ionized gas bubbles follow from the Big Bang forming hydrogen, less helium, sparse lithium for three generations of star formation, the third our Sun's solar system.

Molecular hydrogen, not present-day carbon and oxygen-radiated energy, guided large gaseous clumps during cooling temperatures into stars 200-plus times our Sun's size for 3-million-year life cycles. Our Sun, 70 percent of whose mass holds hydrogen, has respective surface and energy-heating temperatures of 10,112 to 27,000,032 degrees Fahrenheit (5,600 to 15,000,000 degrees Celsius). Core heat impels orbiting electrons outward and incomplete, ionized hydrogen nuclei into collisions with other one-proton hydrogen nuclei for nuclear reactions, light, neutrinos and helium nuclei.

Joining four hydrogen nuclei into one helium jeopardizes 4,409,245.24 tons (4,000,000 tonnes) every second since energy juggles mass and light's speed doubled, E=mc2, in the 5-billion-year-old Sun's 9-billion-year lifespan.

Strong nuclear forces kindle subatomic particle immobility and energy releases so one two-proton helium nucleus, with two heavier neutrons, knows less mass than four hydrogen nuclei.

Two protons lack a sufficiently stable bond sufficiently strong to link two same-charged, positive-charge subatomic particles since the electromagnetic force never looks to lash them together. The weak nuclear force makes protons into neutrons with a one-neutrino one-positron release, for passerby protons to make one-neutron one-proton deuterium nuclei within 5 billion years. One second later, deuterium nets another proton, for a one-neutron two-proton light helium-3 nucleus for, with another helium-3, a two-neutron two-proton helium nucleus within 500,000 years.

Electromagnetic force opposes positive-charged particles occurring together until sufficiently close short-distance strong force occasions radiation energy, a positron and an Earth-bound, finite-massed, high-speed, non-interactive, small-massed neutrino.

The first stars, with perhaps weights 150 times our Sun's prompting strong gravitational pressure, high core temperatures and fast, fuel-depleting nuclear reactions, possessed million-year life cycles.

Outward-spreading radiation from the first, giant stars quit neutral hydrogen atoms of orbiting electrons and queued up ionized gas bubbles tens of thousands of light-years across. A neutral hydrogen-ruled Universe resulted in one with 99-plus percent of all material ionized from successive star bubble collisions realizing doubled starlight, energy and expansion rates. Perhaps black holes from collapsed, massive stars whose strong gravitational pull suffers no escaping light started the reionization period of ionized gas bubbles in the Universe.

Ionized gas bubbles team with black holes, impenetrable interiorly and detectble exteriorly by their gravitational effects upon nearby objects, or first stars, obstructed by gloomy space.

Queen vocalist Freddie Mercury, bass guitarist John Deacon, lead guitarist / vocalist Brian May and drummer / vocalist Roger Taylor: Queen @Queen, via Facebook Aug. 17, 2012

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

NASA WMAP (Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Project) Science Team's concept illustrates the "super heated, roiling ionized hydrogen gas of a universe newly made": NASA / WMAP Science Team via NASA / WMAP @ https://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/media/030657/index.html

Queen vocalist Freddie Mercury, bass guitarist John Deacon, lead guitarist / vocalist Brian May and drummer / vocalist Roger Taylor: Queen @Queen, via Facebook Aug. 17, 2012, @ https://www.facebook.com/Queen/photos/a.10151032792567362/10151032794007362/

For further information:

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 September 2012. "Lighted Spaces Are Late in Bang! The Complete History of the Universe." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/09/lighted-spaces-are-late-in-bang.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 September 2012. "Inflation Affects Space in Bang! The Complete History of the Universe." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/09/inflation-affects-space-in-bang.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 September 2012. "Lighted Dark Space Affirms Bang! The Complete History of the Universe." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/09/lighted-dark-space-affirms-bang.html

May, Brian; Patrick Moore; and Chris Lintott. 2012. Bang! The Complete History of the Universe. London UK: Carlton Books Ltd.

Queen @Queen. 17 August 2012. "Added a new photo." Facebook.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/Queen/photos/a.10151032792567362/10151032794007362/