Dark Matter Accrues in Bang! The Complete History of the Universe

Summary: Dark matter associates with accelerated acceleration in Chapter 3 The Evolving Universe of the book Bang! The Complete History of the Universe.

Artist's impression shows Milky Way galaxy surrounded by blue halo that represents expected distribution of dark matter, the mysterious substance thought to accompany black holes, galactic clusters and spiral galaxies: ESO (European Southern Observatory) / Luís Calçada, CC BY 4.0 International, via ESO

Dark matter accompanies black holes, galactic clusters and spiral galaxies in Chapter 3 The Evolving Universe in Bang! The Complete History of the Universe by Chris Lintott, Brian May and Patrick Moore.

Hubble Ultra-Deep Field images brandish galactic quasars with luminosity several thousand times the Milky Way's and supermassive black holes 700 million years after the Big Bang. Supermassive black holes from collapsing gas or massive stellar remnants several million times solar mass captured abundant area material through gravitational pull for galactic quasar centers. Perhaps larger, normal-shaped galaxies derive from odd-shaped galactic quasars depleting area dust and gas that drive black holes and develop beacon-like, light-emitting jets and spiral disks.

A million-second-long Hubble Space Telescope exposure extracted from one blank-sky patch thousands of background galaxies, a few nearby and normal-looking, most faint, odd-looking, red-lit, remote, small.

Perhaps serialized collisions of small structures formed from collapsing, early-Universe gas fostered today's familiar, larger, normal-shaped galaxies, such as Milky Way foraging forays through dwarf galaxies.

Small systems such as the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds that go around larger galaxies such as the Milky Way get pulled in regularly, then permanently. Spectral-line position in ground-telescope studies and Hubble Ultra-Deep Field-imaged red-shifted light hint, in an expanding universe, of galactic light 700 million years after the Big Bang. Perhaps gravity-collapsed matter initiated smaller, then larger structures that impelled the Andromeda Spiral; 100-billion-star Milky Way; and 1,000-plus Virgo Cluster large galaxies 60 million light-years away.

The spiral Milky Way, like a double-convex lens, juggles galactic haloes with condensed, globular clusters and stray stars; and 20,000 and 100,000-plus-light-year central-bulge and overall diameters.

The Milky Way galactic center 27,000 light-years away, at Sagittarius A* (A-star) keeps a black hole 2.6 million times solar mass, star clusters and swirling dust-clouds.

One solar orbit, labeled the cosmic year, around the Milky Way, which logs its own rotation, near the main galactic plane lasts about 225 million years. Our Sun just moved out of the Orion arm, made by moving pressure-waves that mean new Milky Way spiral-arm stars in tens of millions of years. Dust and gas navigating, as interstellar material of above-average density, galactic-center orbits nestle into new and old arms where they respectively nurture and nullify new-star formation.

Spiral galaxies observe, with one exception, trailing-arm spins whose spectral-line position, omitting overall galactic motion, of one side observed approaching, the other receding, occasions rotation rates.

Our Solar System's farthest-out planets present longer orbiting times and slower orbiting speeds even as rotating galaxies possess same-length cosmic-year nearer slower and farther faster stars.

Dark matter with its gravitational pull qualifies, unlike our center-massed Solar System, as system mass for rotating galaxies and queues up in galactic disks and halos. The combined mass of the estimated total 70 billion trillion (7 x 10²²) of observable-Universe stars remains less than the Universe's dark matter at 23 percent. Chargeless, fast-moving, plentiful, small-massed neutrino particles and known black holes of measurable mass, apart Stephen Hawking-predicted Earth-mass black holes, seem not to serve as dark matter.

Perhaps hypothetically fundamental, plentiful, small-massed Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) or, as faint-lit, massive, small brown dwarf stars, MAssive Compact Halo Objects (MACHOs) transmit dark matter.

(left to right) Queen's John Deacon, Freddie Mercury, Roger Taylor and Brian May play against a cosmic background: QueenFanPeru @QueenFanPeru, via Twitter Oct. 15, 2012

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Artist's impression shows Milky Way galaxy surrounded by blue halo that represents expected distribution of dark matter, the mysterious substance thought to accompany black holes, galactic clusters and spiral galaxies: ESO (European Southern Observatory) / Luís Calçada, CC BY 4.0 International, via ESO @ https://www.eso.org/public/images/eso1217a/

(left to right) Queen's John Deacon, Freddie Mercury, Roger Taylor and Brian May play against a cosmic background: QueenFanPeru @QueenFanPeru, via Twitter Oct. 15, 2012, @ https://twitter.com/QueenFanPeru/status/258008884843773952

For further information:

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 October 2012. "Black Holes Are Ionizers in Bang! The Complete History of the Universe." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/10/black-holes-are-ionizers-in-bang.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 October 2012. "Ionized Gas Bubbles Atomize Bang! The Complete History of the Universe." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/10/ionized-gas-bubbles-atomize-bang.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 September 2012. "Lighted Spaces Are Late in Bang! The Complete History of the Universe." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/09/lighted-spaces-are-late-in-bang.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 September 2012. "Inflation Affects Space in Bang! The Complete History of the Universe." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/09/inflation-affects-space-in-bang.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 September 2012. "Lighted Dark Space Affirms Bang! The Complete History of the Universe." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/09/lighted-dark-space-affirms-bang.html

May, Brian; Patrick Moore; and Chris Lintott. 2012. Bang! The Complete History of the Universe. London UK: Carlton Books Ltd.

QueenFanPeru @QueenFanPeru. 15 October 2012. "Queen -- (John Deacon, Brian May, Freddie Mercury, Roger Taylor)." Twitter.
Available @ https://twitter.com/QueenFanPeru/status/258008884843773952