Summary: Lunar near side D'Arrest Crater honors 19th-century French Huguenot German-Danish astronomer and comet and galaxy discoverer Heinrich Louis D'Arrest.
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| Apollo 15 image of bright-rayed Dionysius Crater (center), with Cayley Crater (center right edge) and broken-rimmed D'Arrest Crater (above right, between Dionysius and Cayley), NASA ID AS15-M-2559; "[[Apollo 15]] oblique mapping camera image rotated and cropped in Gimp to show Dionysius crater and surrounding terrain," uploaded 2013-09-13 04:29: James Stuby (JStuby), Public Domain, CC0 1.0 DEED CC0 1.0 Universal, via Wikimedia Commons |
Lunar near side D'Arrest Crater honors Heinrich Louis D'Arrest, a 19th-century French Huguenot German-Danish astronomer whose achievements include comet and galaxy discoveries.
D'Arrest Crater occupies the northeastern quadrant on the lunar near side. The low northern latitude impact crater reposes near the moon's prime meridian, which marks zero degrees longitude on the lunar disc, and the equator.
D'Arrest Crater is centered at 2.26 degrees north latitude, 14.60 degrees east longitude, according to the International Astronomical Union’s (IAU) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. The northern hemisphere crater records northmost and southmost latitudes of 2.75 degrees north and 1.78 degrees north, respectively. The eastern hemisphere inhabitant registers eastmost and westmost longitudes of 15.09 degrees east and 14.11 degrees east, respectively. D'Arrest Crater's diameter measures 29.67 kilometers.
D'Arrest Crater inhabits the lava-flooded terrain near the southwestern edges of Mare Tranquillitatis. Nearby, Statio Tranquillitatis (Tranquility Base), the site of the landing of Apollo 11 Lunar Module Eagle, on Sunday, July 20, 1969, at approximately 20:17:40 Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), numbers among the landmarks located within the Sea of Tranquility's southern extent.
Mare Tranquillitatis is centered at 8.35 degrees north latitude, 30.83 degrees east longitude. Northernmost and southernmost latitudes for the lunar mare (Latin: mare, "sea"; plural, maria, "seas") stretch from 19.37 degrees north to minus 4.05 degrees south, respectively. The dark, basaltic plain's easternmost and westernmost longitudes extend from 45.49 degrees east to 16.92 degrees east, respectively. The Sea of Tranquility's diameter spans 875.75 kilometers.
Statio Tranquillitatis (Latin: statio; plural: stationes; "a standing, a position, a post") is centered at 0.67 degrees north latitude, 23.47 degrees east longitude. The Apollo 11 site has a diameter of 0.01 kilometers.
Dionysius Crater resides on the western edge of Mare Tranquillitatis, northwest of Statio Tranquillitatis and east of D'Arrest Crater. Dionysius Crater is centered at. 2.77 degrees north latitude, 17.29 degrees east longitude. The lunar northern hemisphere-sited crater marks its northmost and southmost latitudes at 3.06 degrees north and 2.49 degrees north, respectively. The lunar eastern hemisphere resident establishes its eastmost and westmost longitudes at 17.58 degrees east and 17.01 degrees east, respectively. The high-albedo (Latin: albedo; plural: albedines; "whiteness") crater's diameter measures 17.25 kilometers.
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| Lunar Aeronautical Chart (LAC) 60 presents the D'Arrest Crater system's parent and four satellites (lower left), with D'Arrest M satellite's shape outlined with dotted oval; image credit NASA/GSFC/ASU; Date of Last Nomenclature Update July 26, 2017: via USGS Astrogeology Science Center / Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature |
Dionysius Crater resides on the western edge of Mare Tranquillitatis, northwest of Statio Tranquillitatis and east of D'Arrest Crater. Dionysius Crater is centered at. 2.77 degrees north latitude, 17.29 degrees east longitude. The lunar northern hemisphere-sited crater marks its northmost and southmost latitudes at 3.06 degrees north and 2.49 degrees north, respectively. The lunar eastern hemisphere resident establishes its eastmost and westmost longitudes at 17.58 degrees east and 17.01 degrees east, respectively. The high-albedo (Latin: albedo; plural: albedines; "whiteness") crater's diameter measures 17.25 kilometers.
Cayley, De Morgan and Whewell craters group to the northwest of Dionysius Crater and to the north of D'Arrest Crater. Cayley and De Morgan craters are positioned to the north-northeast of D'Arrest Crater. Whewell Crater is sited to the northwest of D'Arrest Crater.
Cayley Crater is centered at 3.94 degrees north latitude, 15.09 degrees east longitude. The lunar northern hemisphere-sited crater posts northmost and southmost latitudes of 4.17 degrees north and 3.70 degrees north, respectively. The lunar eastern hemisphere occupant obtains eastmost and westmost longitudes of 15.32 degrees east and 14.85 degrees east, respectively. Cayley Crater's diameter measures 14.20 kilometers.
De Morgan Crater is centered at 3.31 degrees north latitude, 14.89 degrees east longitude. The lunar northern hemisphere-sited crater finds its northmost and southmost latitudes at 3.47 degrees north and 3.15 degrees north, respectively. The lunar eastern hemisphere dweller's eastmost and westmost longitudes occur at 15.05 degrees east and 14.73 degrees east, respectively. De Morgan Crater has a diameter of 9.68 kilometers.
Whewell Crater is centered at 4.16 degrees north latitude, 13.73 degrees east longitude. The lunar northern hemisphere-sited crater achieves its northmost and southmost latitudes at 4.38 degrees north and 3.95 degrees north, respectively. The lunar eastern hemisphere-habitant lists its eastmost and westmost longitudes as 13.95 degrees east and 13.52 degrees east, respectively. Whewell Crater's diameter measures 13.05 kilometers.
D'Arrest Crater memorializes French Huguenot German-Danish astronomer Heinrich Louis d'Arrest (Aug. 13, 1822-June 14, 1875). His astronomical achievements include comet and galaxy discoveries. He discovered periodic comet 6P/d'Arrest (d'Arrest's Comet; Comet d'Arrest) on Saturday, June 28, 1851, at the Leipzig Observatory (Sternwarte Leipzig) in Leipzig, Saxony state, east central Germany. He is credited with six more comet discoveries, according to "List of Comet Designations and Names," published on Harvard University Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences (EPS) website for the International Comet Quarterly (ICQ). Heinrich D'Arrest also is credited with the discovery of 342 NGC (New General Catalogue of Nebulae and Star Clusters, first published in 1888) objects, according to the entry, "d’Arrest, Heinrich Louis," by Estonian astronomer Mihkel Jõeveer (Aug. 3, 1937-June 6, 2006) in Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers, published in 2014.
The International Astronomical Union approved D'Arrest as the lunar impact crater's name in 1935. Approval was granted during the organization's Vth (5th) General Assembly, held Wednesday, July 10, to Wednesday, July 17, in Paris, France.
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| undated portrait of 19th-century French Huguenot German-Danish astronomer Heinrich Louis D'Arrest by Danish photographer Bertel Christian Budtz Müller (Dec. 26, 1837-Dec. 30, 1884); Royal Library (Danish: Det Kongelige Bibliotek), Copenhagen, northeastern Denmark: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons |
Acknowledgment
My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.
Dedication
Dedication
This post is dedicated to the memory of our beloved blue-eyed brother, Charles, who guided the creation of the Met Opera and Astronomy posts on Earth and Space News. We memorialized our brother in "Our Beloved Blue-Eyed Brother, Charles, With Whom We Are Well Pleased," published on Earth and Space News on Thursday, Nov. 18, 2021, an anniversary of our beloved father's death.
Image credits:
Image credits:
Apollo 15 image of bright-rayed Dionysius Crater (center), with Cayley Crater (center right edge) and broken-rimmed D'Arrest Crater (above right, between Dionysius and Cayley), NASA ID AS15-M-2559; "[[Apollo 15]] oblique mapping camera image rotated and cropped in Gimp to show Dionysius crater and surrounding terrain," uploaded 2013-09-13 04:29: James Stuby (JStuby), Public Domain, CC0 1.0 DEED CC0 1.0 Universal, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dionysius_crater_AS15-M-2559.jpg
Lunar Aeronautical Chart (LAC) 60 presents the D'Arrest Crater system's parent and four satellites (lower left), with D'Arrest M satellite's shape outlined with dotted oval; image credit NASA/GSFC/ASU; Date of Last Nomenclature Update July 26, 2017: via USGS Astrogeology Science Center / Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature @ https://asc-planetarynames-data.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/Lunar/lac_60_wac.pdf (image URL); https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/1695 (feature URL)
undated portrait of 19th-century French Huguenot German-Danish astronomer Heinrich Louis D'Arrest by Danish photographer Bertel Christian Budtz Müller (Dec. 26, 1837-Dec. 30, 1884); Royal Library (Danish: Det Kongelige Bibliotek), Copenhagen, northeastern Denmark: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Heinrich_Louis_d%27Arrest_by_Budtz_M%C3%BCller.jpg; Public Domain, via GetArchive @ https://jenikirbyhistory.getarchive.net/media/heinrich-louis-darrest-by-budtz-muller-41e725
For further information:
For further information:
Adams, J.C. (John Couch). "Address Delivered by the President, Professor Adams, on presenting the Gold Medal of the Society to Professor Heinrich D'Arrest." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 35, issue 4 (February 1875): 265–276. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/35.4.265.
Available via Oxford Academic @ https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/35/4/265/1192168
Available via Oxford Academic @ https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/35/4/265/1192168
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Hellweg, J.F., Captain. "The Naval Observatory's New Telescope." Proceedings Vol. 61/1/383. January 1935.
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Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/1695
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Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/8546
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Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/8547
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Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/8548
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Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/1542
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Available via Internet Archive Wayback Machine @ https://web.archive.org/web/20110516210220/http://www.lpod.org/?m=20061211
Available via LPOD @ http://www2.lpod.org/wiki/December_11,_2006
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