Donna Resides in Southeastern Mare Tranquillitatis on Lunar Near Side

Summary: Donna resides in southeastern Mare Tranquillitatis on the lunar near side in the northeast quadrant to the west of northwestern Mare Fecunditatis.

Detail of Near Side Shaded Relief and Color-Coded Topography Map shows Donna's (lower left center) Cauchy-Aryabhata-Zähringer neighborhood in lunar near side's southeastern Mare Tranquillitatis: USGS Astrogeology Science Center / Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Donna resides in southeastern Mare Tranquillitatis on the lunar near side in the northeast quadrant to the west of northwestern Mare Fecunditatis.

Donna Craterlet is centered at 7.22 degrees north latitude, 38.3 degrees east longitude, according to the International Astronomical Union's (IAU) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. The northeastern quadrant craterlet marks its northernmost and southernmost latitudes at 7.24 degrees north and 7.2 degrees north, respectively. It posts easternmost and westernmost longitudes of 38.33 degrees east and 38.27 degrees east, respectively. Donna has a diameter of 1.84 kilometers.

Donna Craterlet is sited in southeastern Mare Tranquillitatis. The Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature's Descriptor Terms (Feature Types) webpage defines a lunar mare (Latin: "sea"; maria, "seas") as "'Sea'; on the Moon, low albedo, relatively smooth plain, generally of large extent." Mare Tranquillitatis primarily occupies the near side's northeastern quadrant but also includes terrain in the southeastern quadrant.

Mare Tranquillitatis ("Sea of Tranquility") is centered at 8.35 degrees north latitude, 30.83 degrees east longitude. The dark, basaltic plain's northernmost and southernmost latitudes tap 19.37 degrees north and minus 4.05 degrees south, respectively. The lunar mare's easternmost and westernmost longitudes touch 45.49 degrees east and 16.92 degrees east, respectively. Mare Tranquillitatis has a diameter of 875.75 kilometers.

Donna's location near the southeastern fringes of Mare Tranquillitatis places the craterlet to the west of the Sea of Tranquility's meeting with northwestern Mare Fecunditatis. The Sea of Tranquility's southeastern neighbor primarily occupies the near side's southeastern quadrant but also extends into the northeastern quadrant.

Mare Fecunditatis ("Sea of Fecundity") is centered at minus 7.83 degrees south latitude, 53.67 degrees east longitude. The lunar mare's northernmost and southernmost latitudes reach 6.11 degrees north and minus 21.7 degrees south, respectively. The eastern hemisphere plain's easternmost and westernmost longitudes extend to 63.34 degrees east and 40.77 degrees east, respectively. Mare Fecunditatis has a diameter of 840.35 kilometers.

Donna neighbors with closest named eastern craters Cauchy C and Zähringer in southeastern Mare Tranquillitatis. Cauchy C lies to the northeast of Donna. Zähringer is positioned to the southeast of Donna.

Cauchy C belongs to the 10-satellite Cauchy Crater system. Cauchy C is centered at 8.16 degrees north latitude, 38.86 degrees east longitude. Satellite C establishes its northernmost and southernmost latitudes at 8.22 degrees north and 8.1 degrees north, respectively. It places its easternmost and westernmost longitudes at 38.92 degrees east and 38.8 degrees east, respectively. Cauchy C has a diameter of 3.6 kilometers.

Zähringer Crater is centered at 5.51 degrees north latitude, 40.21 degrees east longitude. The bowl-shaped crater reports northernmost and southernmost latitudes of 5.69 degrees north and 5.33 degrees north, respectively. It gives its easternmost and westernmost longitudes as 40.4 degrees east and 40.03 degrees east, respectively. Zähringer's diameter measures 11.19 kilometers.

Cauchy M and Aryabhata are situated as Donna Craterlet's closest named western craters. Cauchy M lies to the northwest of Donna. Aryabhata Crater is located to the southwest of Donna.

Cauchy M occurs as the most southerly and westerly of the Cauchy Crater system's 10 satellites. Cauchy M lies to the southwest of Cauchy C, Donna's northeastern neighbor.

Cauchy M is centered at 7.62 degrees north latitude, 35.05 degrees east longitude. Satellite M maintains northernmost and southernmost latitudes of 7.67 degrees north and 7.56 degrees north, respectively. It obtains easternmost and westernmost longitudes of 35.1 degrees east and 34.99 degrees east, respectively. Cauchy M has a diameter of 3.36 kilometers.

Aryabhata, Donna Craterlet's southwestern neighbor, is centered at 6.2 degrees north latitude, 35.17 degrees east longitude. The mostly lava-submerged crater records northernmost and southernmost latitudes of 6.56 degrees north and 5.84 degrees north, respectively. The arc-shaped, lunar impact crater remnant registers easternmost and westernmost longitudes of 35.54 degrees east and 34.81 degrees east, respectively. Aryabhata's diameter measures 21.89 kilometers.

Donna numbers among 95 minor features identified with first-name designations on lunar topophotomaps prepared and published by The Defense Mapping Agency (DMA) for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Donna is plotted on NASA Lunar Topophotomap 61D2S1, which was published in May 1977. The map's Names Information lists Donna as "a provisional name pending IAU approval."

The International Astronomical Union approved Donna as the craterlet's name in 1979. The Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature finds Donna's origin as: "Italian female name."

Detail of Lunar Aeronautical Chart (LAC) 61 shows Donna's (center right) Cauchy-Aryabhata-Zähringer neighborhood in lunar near side's southeastern Mare Tranquillitatis: image credit NASA/GSFC/ASU, via USGS Astrogeology Science Center / Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication

This post is dedicated to the memory of our beloved blue-eyed brother, Charles, who guided the creation of the Met Opera and Astronomy posts on Earth and Space News. We memorialized our brother in "Our Beloved Blue-Eyed Brother, Charles, With Whom We Are Well Pleased," published on Earth and Space News on Thursday, Nov. 18, 2021, an anniversary of our beloved father's death.

Image credits:

Detail of Near Side Shaded Relief and Color-Coded Topography Map shows Donna's (center right) Cauchy-Aryabhata-Zähringer neighborhood in lunar near side's southeastern Mare Tranquillitatis: USGS Astrogeology Science Center / Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/images/moon_nearside.pdf

Detail of Lunar Aeronautical Chart (LAC) 61 shows Donna's (center right) Cauchy-Aryabhata-Zähringer neighborhood in lunar near side's southeastern Mare Tranquillitatis: image credit NASA/GSFC/ASU, via USGS Astrogeology Science Center / Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/images/Lunar/lac_61_wac.pdf

For further information:

Andersson, Leif E.; and Ewen A. Whitaker. NASA Catalogue of Lunar Nomenclature. NASA Reference Publication 1097. Hampton VA: NASA Scientific and Technical Information Branch, October 1982.
Available via NASA NTRS (NASA Technical Reports Server) @ https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19830003761/downloads/19830003761.pdf

Consolmagno, Guy; and Dan M. Davis. Turn Left at Orion. Fourth edition. Cambridge UK; New York NY: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

The Defense Mapping Agency Topographic Center. "Lunar Topophotomap Donna." National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lunar Topophotomap Edition 1 Sheet 61D2+S1 (50). Washington DC: The Defense Mapping Agency Topographic Center, May 1977.
Available @ https://www.lpi.usra.edu/resources/mapcatalog/topophoto/61D2S1/150dpi.jpg

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Aryabhata.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/411

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Cauchy C.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/8173

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Cauchy M.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/8177

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Descriptor Terms (Feature Types).” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Documentation.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/DescriptorTerms

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Donna.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/1575

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Mare Fecunditatis.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/3673

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Mare Tranquillitatis.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/3691

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Target: The Moon.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Page/MOON/target

International Astronomical Union (IAU) / U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. “Zähringer.” USGS Astrogeology Science Center > Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature > Nomenclature > The Moon. Last updated Oct. 18, 2010.
Available @ https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/6772

Levy, David H. Skywatching. Revised and updated. San Francisco CA: Fog City Press, 1994.

Marriner, Derdriu. "Lunar Topophotomap Minor Feature Names Were Approved in 1976 and 1979." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, July 20, 2022.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/07/lunar-topophotomap-minor-feature-names.html

The Moon Wiki. “Aryabhata.” The Moon > Lunar Features Alphabetically > A Nomenclature.
Available @ https://the-moon.us/wiki/Aryabhata

The Moon Wiki. “Cauchy.” The Moon > Lunar Features Alphabetically > C Nomenclature.
Available @ https://the-moon.us/wiki/Cauchy

The Moon Wiki. “Donna.” The Moon > Lunar Features Alphabetically > D Nomenclature.
Available @ https://the-moon.us/wiki/Donna

The Moon Wiki. “Mare Fecunditatis.” The Moon > Lunar Features Alphabetically > F Nomenclature.
Available @ https://the-moon.us/wiki/Mare_Fecunditatis

The Moon Wiki. “Mare Tranquillitatis.” The Moon > Lunar Features Alphabetically > T Nomenclature.
Available @ https://the-moon.us/wiki/Mare_Tranquillitatis

The Moon Wiki. "Minor Feature." The Moon > Glossary.
Available @ https://the-moon.us/wiki/Minor_Feature

The Moon Wiki. “Zähringer.” The Moon > Lunar Features Alphabetically > Z Nomenclature.
Available @ https://the-moon.us/wiki/Zähringer

Moore, Patrick, Sir. Astronomy Encyclopedia: An A-Z Guide to the Universe. New York NY: Oxford University Press, Inc., 2002.

Moore, Patrick, Sir. Philip’s Atlas of the Universe. Revised edition. London UK: Philip’s, 2005.

Wayman, P. (Patrick A.), ed. XVIIth General Assembly -- Transactions of the IAU Vol. XVII B Proceedings of the 17th General Assembly Montreal, Canada, August 14-23, 1979. Washington DC: Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Jan. 1, 1980.
Available @ https://www.iau.org/publications/iau/transactions_b/

Thórbergur Thórdarson Assuages Anxiety in Nattblinda, as Nightblind

Summary: Thórbergur Thórdarson assuages anxiety in Nattblinda, as Nightblind, second thriller about Ari Thór Arason in the Dark Iceland sextet by Ragnar Jónasson.

Esperanto- and Icelandic-reading, speaking and writing author Þórbergur Þórðarson (Romanized Thórbergur Thórdarson) abided in Hali (“tail”), western Suðursveit (Romanized Sudursveit, “south district”), southeast Iceland, with his parents, sister Guðnýja (born 1890, “god new”) and brothers Steinþór (Romanized Steindór or Steinthór, born 1892, “stone thunder”) and Benedikt (born 1894, “blessed”) the first 17 to 18 years of his life. He perhaps acknowledged his brother February 1924 with the birth of a daughter, whom he and Sólrún Jónsdóttir named Steindóri. His parents at one time announced a birthdate of March 12, 1889, instead of the accepted March 12, 1888, for him; April 11, 1950, image of Þórbergur Þórðarson: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Thórbergur Thórdarson arouses admiration and assuages anxiety in his audience in Nattblinda, as Nightblind, second thriller about Siglufjörður Detective Inspector Ari Thór Arason in the Dark Iceland sextet by author Ragnar Jónasson.

A mysterious diarist in the psychiatric ward of perhaps Akureyri (“sandbank field”) Hospital bemoans few or no books beloved by him during each day’s reading time. He cherishes collections by Ernest Hemingway (July 21, 1899-July 2, 1961), Halldór Laxness (April 23, 1902-Feb. 8, 1998) and Þórbergur Þórðarson (March 12, 1888/1889-Nov. 12, 1974). Þórbergur Þórðarson (Romanized Thórbergur Thórdarson, “thunder-helper thunder-army”) devoted himself to Esperanto dialogues, with Malfræði (1924, “Grammar”) and Alþjóðamál og málleysur (1933, “International Affairs and the Dumb”).

Leskaflar (1936 and 1937, “Reading chapters”) and Leskaflar með orðasafni (1939), “Reading sections with vocabulary”) educated fellow Icelanders to Esperanto constructed international auxiliary language practical expressions.

The mysterious diarist furnishes no favorites from autobiographies, biographies, Esperanto instructional materials, poems and travelogues finished by fact-, factual fiction-, fiction-friendly Thórdarson between 1915 and 1987.

Þórður Steinsson’s (1854-1926) and Anna Benediktsdóttir’s (1863-1940) elder son first got published as poet pseudonymed Styr Stofuglamm (“tumult room-noise”) with Hálfir skósólar (1915, “Half shoe soles”). Spaks manns spjarir (1917, “A Wise Man Asks”) had that pseudonym, unlike Hvítir hrafnar (1922, “White Ravens”) and Edda Þórbergs Þórðarsonar (1941, “Thórbergur Thórdarson’s Poetry Treatise”). It nevertheless is his first autobiographical fiction, Bréf til Láru (1924, “Letter to Lára”), that impressed literate Icelanders with the self-instructed farm boy and schooner worker.

Perhaps the mysterious diarist in Nattblinda, as Nightblind, judges himself as somewhat similar to Thórbergur Thórdarson in juggling non-literary careers because of familial and financial circumstances.

Íslenskur aðall (1938, “In Search of My Beloved”) kindled Ofvitinn (1940 and 1941, “Overwhelmed”) and Sálmurinn um blómið (1954 and 1955, “The hymn about the flower”).

Autobiographical living and self-learning link Steinarnir tala (1956, “The Stones Talk”), Um lönd og lýði (1957, “On Countries and Peoples”) and Rökkuróperan (1958, “The Twilight Opera”). They likewise manifest themselves in Fjórða bók (1974, “Fourth Book”), Bréf til Sólu (1983, “Letter to the Sun”) and Mitt rómantíska æði (1987, “My Romantic Frenzy”). Thórbergur Thórdarson nestled Fagurtmannlif (1945, “Beautiful Human Life”), Í sálarháska (1946, “In Danger of Death”) and Hja vondu fólki (1947, “For Bad People”) into biographical niches.

Perhaps the mysterious diarist in Nattblinda, as Nightblind, never outgrew Á Snæfellsnesi (1948, “In Snæfellsnes”) and Með eilífðarverum (1949, “With Eternal Creatures”) by biographer Thórbergur Thórdarson.

His father preferred younger brother Steindor (born 1892) for plying the family farm so Thórbergur peregrinated to Reykjavík’s Vitastígur Street as Runold Gudmundsson’s schooner worker (1906-1909).

Reykjavík High School, Teachers’ College and University of Iceland course-sitting without exam-taking perhaps qualified Thórbergur as Vocational (1918-1925) and Commercial (1921-1925) schoolteacher and Alþýðublaðið journalist (1933). Rithöfundafélagið (“Icelandic Writers’ Association”) and Háskóli Íslands (“University of Iceland”) respectively rendered him honorary member and doctor-elect before his Parkinson’s disease-related stroke in Landspítali (“National Hospital”). Sólrún Jónsdóttir, subsequently the fisherman Pálsson’s spouse (1919-), and Thórbergur, subsequently Margrét Jónsdóttir’s spouse (Oct. 1, 1932-), started a relationship in 1911, then family in 1924.

The mysterious diarist, released before Nattblinda, as Nightblind, perhaps trekked to the Þórbergssetur (“Thórbergur Centre”) opening July 1, 2006, to treat himself to Thórberger Thórdarson memorabilia.

Þórbergssetur (Romanized Thórbergssetur, “Thórbergur Center”) acts as architectural biography of Thórbergur Thórdarson even as the latter acted as biographer with such published works as Að æfilokum (1950, “Towards the End of His Life”) and as Fagurt er í eyjum (1967, “Beautiful in the Islands”), Fagur fiskurí sjo (1968, “Beautiful Fish in the Sea”), Fagurt galaði fuglinn sá (1970, “The Beautiful Bird Saw It”) and Hus & Batur (1970, "House and Boat"). It archives a restaurant, a souvenir shop and two exhibition spaces within a building whose side appears bookshelf-like with its red book spine-like design. It attests to the farming legacy of the writer’s father’s farm in Hali and of his grandfather’s farm, Breiðabólsstadur (Romanized Breidabolsstadur, “wide farm place”), in Vestur-Húnavatnssýsla (“West Bear Cubs’ Water District”) County of northwest Iceland; July 11, 2010, image of Þórbergssetur: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication

This post is dedicated to the memory of our beloved blue-eyed brother, Charles, who guided the creation of the Met Opera and Astronomy posts on Earth and Space News. We memorialized our brother in "Our Beloved Blue-Eyed Brother, Charles, With Whom We Are Well Pleased," published on Earth and Space News on Thursday, Nov. 18, 2021, an anniversary of our beloved father's death.

Image credits:

Þórbergssetur (Romanized Thórbergssetur, “Thórbergur Center”) acts as architectural biography of Thórbergur Thórdarson even as the latter acted as biographer with such published works as Að æfilokum (1950, “Towards the End of His Life”) and as Fagurt er í eyjum (1967, “Beautiful in the Islands”), Fagur fiskurí sjo (1968, “Beautiful Fish in the Sea”), Fagurt galaði fuglinn sá (1970, “The Beautiful Bird Saw It”) and Hus & Batur (1970, "House and Boat"). It archives a restaurant, a souvenir shop and two exhibition spaces within a building whose side appears bookshelf-like with its red book spine-like design. It attests to the farming legacy of the writer’s father’s farm in Hali and of his grandfather’s farm, Breiðabólsstadur (Romanized Breidabolsstadur, “wide farm place”), in Vestur-Húnavatnssýsla (“West Bear Cubs’ Water District”) County of northwest Iceland; July 11, 2010, image of Þórbergssetur: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hali_03.jpg

Þórbergssetur (Romanized Thórbergssetur, “Thórbergur Center”) acts as architectural biography of Thórbergur Thórdarson even as the latter acted as biographer with such published works as Að æfilokum (1950, “Towards the End of His Life”) and as Fagurt er í eyjum (1967, “Beautiful in the Islands”), Fagur fiskurí sjo (1968, “Beautiful Fish in the Sea”), Fagurt galaði fuglinn sá (1970, “The Beautiful Bird Saw It”) and Hus & Batur (1970, "House and Boat"). It archives a restaurant, a souvenir shop and two exhibition spaces within a building whose side appears bookshelf-like with its red book spine-like design. It attests to the farming legacy of the writer’s father’s farm in Hali and of his grandfather’s farm, Breiðabólsstadur (Romanized Breidabolsstadur, “wide farm place”) in Vestur-Húnavatnssýsla (“West Bear Cubs’ Water District”) County of northwest Iceland German: The Museum at Hof Hali in Iceland between Jökulsárlón and Suðursveit. Place of birth of the poet Þórbergur Þórðarson (1889-1974) Icelandic; July 11, 2010, image of Þórbergssetur: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hali_03.jpg

For further information:

"About Us." Westfjords Winery.
Available @ https://www.fjordswinery.com/aboutus

Amazing Places. 21 August 2012. "Ellidaey Island (Elliðaey), Iceland." Amazing Places on Earth, Places to Visit > Europe.
Available @ https://amazingplacesonearth.com/ellidaey-island-ellidaey-iceland/

Árnað heilla. 28 August 2015. "Freysteinn Gunnarsson." mbl.is > The People > Means Icelanders.
Available @ https://www-mbl-is.translate.goog/greinasafn/grein/1565665/?_x_tr_sl=is&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc

Baicich, Paul J.; and Colin J.O. Harrison. 2005. "Rock Ptarmigan (Lagopus mutus)." Pages 109-110. In: Nests, Eggs, and Nestlings of North American Birds. Princeton Field Guides. Second edition. Princeton NJ USA; and Oxford UK: Princeton University Press.

Bernard, Kristine. 6 August 2020. "The Top Coffee-Consuming Countries." Worldatlas.com.
Available @ https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/top-10-coffee-consuming-nations.html

Bjarnadóttir-Covert, Ásta; and Will Covert. "Bessa: bear." Flying C Ranch Icelandic Horses > Site Map > Sales > Icelandic Horse Names > B. Copyright 2004-2021.
Available @ https://www.tolt.net/names.html#b

Blackie, C. “Scale, Skali (Scand.), Sheal, Shealing (Scotch), a hut or shed; e.g. Scalby, Scaleby (hut town); Scalloway (the huts on the bay, vig), Shetland; Galashiels (the huts on the R. Gala); Biggarshiels (the huts near the town of Biggar); Shields, North and South, originally a collection of fishermen’s huts; but as scald, in the Scandinavian language means a bard, that word is likely to form an element in the names of places; Scalewell in probably the bard’s well; Skalholt, in Iceland, may be the bard’s hill.” Pages 141-142. In: C. Blackie, Etymological Dictionary. With an Introduction by John Stuart Blackie. Second Edition. London [England, UK]: Daldy, Isbister, & Co., 1876.
Available via Google Books @ https://books.google.com/books?id=Wf4xAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA142

Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopedia. 8 January 2022. "Einar Benediktsson." Encyclopedia Britannica.
Available @ https://www.britannica.com/biography/Einar-Benediktsson

CarlDennis. "Freysteinn Gunnarsson." SecondHandSongs > Database > Artists > Search. Copyright 2003-2022.
Available @ https://secondhandsongs.com/artist/133401

Casey, Brendan. 31 December 2020. "World's Loneliest House: Home on Island Near Iceland Is One of Most Isolated Properties in the Globe." realestate.com.au > News.
Available @ https://www.realestate.com.au/news/worlds-loneliest-house-home-on-island-near-iceland-is-one-of-most-isolated-properties-in-the-globe/

Chantegrel, Géraldine. "Jeux de mots glacés: entretien avec Jean-Christophe Salaün." Pages 131-137. In: Traduire 246/2015 Intraduisible? Vous voulez rire! OpenEdition Journals.
Available @ https://journals.openedition.org/traduire/711

Choi, Sophia. 31 August 2015. “Food for Thought: The Icelandic Apple.” ThisIsMold.com > Process > Manufacture > Nutrition.
Available @ https://thisismold.com/process/manufacture/food-for-thought-the-icelandic-apple

Cole, Cathy G. 10 June 2019. "Ragnar Jónasson at The Poisoned Pen!" Kittling: Books > Authors at The Poisoned Pen > J > Jónasson, Ragnar.
Available @ https://www.kittlingbooks.com/2019/06/ragnar-jonasson-at-poisoned-pen.html

Crowden, James. 24 October 2009. “Icelandic Apples.” Fruit Forum edited by Joan Morgan > Articles.
Available @ http://www.fruitforum.net/articles/icelandic-apples/

"David Warriner, Literary Translator (French to English)." Traduction W Translation Inc > W Translation.
Available @ https://wtranslation.ca/en/#header

DeMarco, Amanda. 11 October 2011. "Bjartur-Verold: Selling Icelandic Literature Abroad." Publishing Perspectives > Frankfurt 2011.
Available @ https://publishingperspectives.com/2011/10/bjartur-verold-selling-icelandic-literature-abroad/

"The Distillery." 64° Reykjavik Distillery.
Available @ https://reykjavikdistillery.is/#DISTILLERY

Ebert, Dick. 2022. "Einar Benediktsson Statue in Reykjavík, Iceland." Encircle Photos.
Available @ https://www.encirclephotos.com/image/einar-benediktsson-statue-in-reykjavik-iceland/

"Einarsson, S - Fjallkonan (Freysteinn Gunnarsson)." prestomusic > Classical > Works > Browse. Copyright 2022.
Available @ https://www.prestomusic.com/classical/works/12470--einarsson-s-fjallkonan-freysteinn-gunnarsson/browsebr />

Elefsen, Anita; Steinunn M. Sveinsdóttir; Örlygur Kristfinnsson; Quentin Bates. 2018. Siglufjörður-Ljósmyndir/Photographs 1872-2018. Síldarminjasafn Íslands.

Flatley, Louise. 29 March 2019. "Story Behind the Tiny House on a Remote Icelandic Island." The Vintage News > News > 2019/03/29.
Available @ https://www.thevintagenews.com/2019/03/29/isolated-island-in-iceland/

Flosas, Hörður. 21 February 2021. "Jóhann Jónsson." Find a Grave > Memorials > Region > Europe > Iceland > Vesturland > Ólafsvíkurkirkjugarður. Memorial 223356907 by Contributor 47560915.
Available @ https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/223356907/j%C3%B3hann-j%C3%B3nsson

“Freysteinn Gunnarsson.” Geni > People > Search Ancestors. Copyright 2002-2022.
Available @ https://www-geni-com.translate.goog/people/Freysteinn-Gunnarsson/6000000031385382172?_x_tr_sl=is&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc

"Gráskeggur means Greybeard." Graskeggur.
Available @ https://graskeggur.com/

Guðmundsson, Magnús. 30 October 2018. "One of Those Eccentrics Who Come to Iceland and Fall in Love with the Language." Icelandic Literature Center > News.
Available @ https://www.islit.is/en/news/one-of-these-eccentrics-who-came-to-iceland-and-fell-in-love-with-the-language

Gunnarsdóttir, Halla. "Sculpture/Halla Gunnarsdóttir." Pinterest.
Available @ https://www.pinterest.com/HallaGunnarsdottir/sculpturehalla-gunnarsd%C3%B3ttir/

"Gunnarsson, Freysteinn." World Cat Identities. Copyright 2022.
Available @ http://www.worldcat.org/identities/viaf-177938357/

Hálfdánarson, Guðmundur. 2008. Historical Dictionary of Iceland. Second Edition. Lanham MD: Scarecrow Press, Inc., subsidiary of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc.
Available @ https://www.google.com/books/edition/Historical_Dictionary_of_Iceland/uoIG6bbP32IC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PR17&printsec=frontcover

"Halla Gunnarsdóttir." Facebook.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/hallagunnars/

"Halla Gunnarsdóttir." Listasafn > English.
Available @ https://listasafnreykjavikur.is/en/artist/halla-gunnarsdottir

"Halla Gunnarsdóttir." Saatchi Art.
Available @ https://www.saatchiart.com/hallagunnars

"hallagunnarsdottir." Instagram.
Available @ https://www.instagram.com/hallagunnarsdottir/?hl=en

Hermannsson, Halldór. 1924. “Jón Guðmundsson and His Natural History of Iceland.” Islandica: An Annual Relating to Iceland and the Fiske Icelandic Collection in Cornell University Library, Vol. XV. Ithaca NY: Cornell University Library.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/IslandicaAnnual15/page/n11/mode/2up

Höfundar Wikipediu. 6 mars 2021. "Einar Benediktsson". Wikipedia, Frjálsa alfræðiritið.
Available @ https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einar_Benediktsson

“The Icelandic Apple.” Domus > En > News > 06 Jul 2015 > The Icelandic Apple Abstract.
Available @ https://www.domusweb.it/en/news/2015/07/06/the_icelandic_apple.html

Irujo, Xabier; and Viola Miglio. (Eds.) Jón Gudmundsson Laerdi’s True Account and the Massacre of Basque Whalers in Iceland in 1615. Reno NV: Center for Basque Studies, University of Nevada.

Jain, Sanya. 18 December 2020. "The Story Behind the 'World's Loneliest House'." NDTV > Offbeat.
Available @ https://www.ndtv.com/offbeat/the-story-behind-the-worlds-loneliest-house-2340575

"Jean-Christophe Salaün." Icelandic Literature Center > Translators.
Available @ https://www.islit.is/en/translators/jacek-godek-1

Jónasson, Ragnar. 2022. Outside. Translation of Úti (2021) by Victoria Cribb. New York NY: Minotaur Books, June 28, 2022.

Jónasson, Ragnar. 2021. The Girl Who Died. Translation of Þorpið (2018) by Victoria Cribb. New York NY: Minotaur Books, May 4, 2021.

Jónasson, Ragnar. 2021. Winterkill. Dark Iceland (Ari Thor) series, book 6. Translation of Sigló (2020), French edition of Vetrarmein (2020) by David Warriner. New York NY: Minotaur Books, March 1, 2021.

Jónasson, Ragnar. 2020. The Mist. Hidden Iceland (Hulda) series, book 3. Translation of Mistur (2017) by Victoria Cribb. New York NY: Minotaur Books, June 23, 2020.

Jónasson, Ragnar. 2020. Whiteout. Dark Iceland (Ari Thor) series, book 5. Translation of Andköf (2013) by Quentin Bates. London UK: Orenda Books, Jan. 1, 2020.

Jónasson, Ragnar. 2019. The Island. Hidden Iceland (Hulda) series, book 2. Translation of Drungi (2016) by Victoria Cribb. New York NY: Minotaur Books, May 21, 2019.

Jónasson, Ragnar. 2019. The Rupture. Dark Iceland (Ari Thor) series, book 4. Translation of Rof (2012) by Quentin Bates. New York NY: Minotaur Books, Jan. 22, 2019.

Jónasson, Ragnar. 2018. The Darkness. Hidden Iceland (Hulda) series, book 1. Translation of Dimma (2015) by Victoria Cribb. New York NY: Minotaur Books, Oct. 16, 2018.

Jónasson, Ragnar. 2018. Blackout. Dark Iceland (Ari Thor) series, book 3. Translation of Myrknætti (2011) by Quentin Bates. New York NY: Minotaur Books, Aug. 28, 2018.

Jónasson, Ragnar. 2017. Nightblind. Dark Iceland (Ari Thor) series, book 2. Translation of Náttblinda (2014) by Quentin Bates. New York NY: Minotaur Books, December 5, 2017.

Jónasson, Ragnar. 2017. Whiteout. Dark Iceland (Ari Thor) series, book 5. Translation of Andköf (2013) by Quentin Bates. London UK: Orenda Books, Nov. 1, 2017.

Jónasson, Ragnar. 2017. Snowblind. Dark Iceland (Ari Thor) series, book 1. Translation of Snjóblinda (2010) by Quentin Bates. New York NY: Minotaur Books, Jan. 31, 2017.

Laxness, Halldór. "16 Icelandic Pioneer from Independent People (1934)." Pages 134-144. In: Kolbert, Elizabeth. (Ed.) 2007. The Ends of the Earth: Anthology of the Finest Writing on the Arctic. New York NY: Bloomsbury USA.

Liles, Jordan. 12 November 2021. "The 'World's Loneliest House': Elliðaey’s Myths Debunked." Snopes Media Group Inc. > Fact Checks > Viral Phenomena.
Available @ https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/worlds-loneliest-house-ellidaey/

Lindley, John. 1835. "12. Platanthera hyperborea." Page 287. In: The Genera and Species of Orchidaceous Plants. London (England): Ridgways, April 1830 to October 1840.
Available via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/393547

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 November 2022. "Thorsteinn Jónsson Advises All Are Astray in Nattblinda, as Nightblind." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/11/thorsteinn-jonsson-advises-all-are.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 November 2022. "Abandoned Areas Are Awful for New Hires in Nattblinda, as Nightblind." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/11/abandoned-areas-are-awful-for-new-hires.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 November 2022. "Active Tunnels Adjust to Awful Weather in Nattblinda, as Nightblind." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/11/active-tunnels-adjust-to-awful-weather.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 November 2022. "Snjóblinda, Anglicized Snowblind, Archives Icelandic Names and Words." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/11/snjoblinda-anglicized-snowblind.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 October 2022. "Indian Rice Affirms Area Affluence in Snjóblinda, Anglicized Snowblind." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/10/indian-rice-affirms-area-affluence-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 October 2022. "Kjarval Adorns a Retired Diplomat’s Walls in Snjóblinda, as Snowblind." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/10/kjarval-adorns-retired-diplomats-walls.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 October 2022. "Gunnlaugur Blöndal Art Assuages Sailors in Snjóblinda, as Snowblind." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/10/gunnlaugur-blondal-art-assuages-sailors.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 October 2022. "House and Job for Two Years Are Alluring in Snjóblinda, as Snowblind." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/10/house-and-job-for-two-years-are.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 September 2022. "Locals and Tourists Adore Fish and Theatre in Snjóblinda, as Snowblind." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/09/locals-and-tourists-adore-fish-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 September 2022. "Thorpid, as The Girl Who Died, Archives Icelandic Names and Words." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/09/thorpid-as-girl-who-died-archives.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 September 2022. "Ham and Ptarmigan Are Christmas Meats in Thorpid, as The Girl Who Died." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/09/ham-and-ptarmigan-are-christmas-meats.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 September 2022. "Thorpid, as The Girl Who Died, Acquaints Us With Davíd Stefánsson." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/09/thorpid-as-girl-who-died-acquaints-us.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 August 2022. "Thorpid, as The Girl Who Died, Alludes to Thorsteinn Th. Thorsteinsson." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/08/thorpid-as-girl-who-died-alludes-to.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 August 2022. "Five Deaths Affect 16 Lives in Thorpid, Anglicized The Girl Who Died." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/08/five-deaths-affect-16-lives-in-thorpid.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 August 2022. "Ring Road Accesses Northeast Iceland for Thorpid, as The Girl Who Died." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/08/ring-road-accesses-northeast-iceland.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 August 2022. "Outside, Anglicized From Úti, Appends Party of Two." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/08/outside-anglicized-from-uti-appends.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 August 2022. "Outside, Anglicized From Úti, Accumulates Icelandic Names and Words." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/08/outside-anglicized-from-uti-accumulates.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 July 2022. "Icelandic Rock Ptarmigans Avoid Blizzards and Hunters in Outside." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/07/icelandic-rock-ptarmigans-avoid.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 July 2022. "Veröld Accepted Icelandic Standalone Novel Úti, Anglicized Outside." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/07/verold-accepted-icelandic-standalone.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 July 2022. "Victoria Cribb Anglicizes Icelandic Standalone Novel Úti Into Outside." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/07/victoria-cribb-anglicizes-icelandic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 July 2022. "Four Friends and One Enemy Are Indoors in Outside, Anglicized from Úti." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/07/four-friends-and-one-enemy-are-indoors.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 June 2022. "Adverse Weather Afflicts East Iceland in Outside, Anglicized From Úti." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/06/adverse-weather-afflicts-east-iceland.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 June 2022. "Mistur, Anglicized The Mist, Appends The Silence of the Falling Snow." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/06/mistur-anglicized-mist-appends-silence.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 June 2022. "Mistur, as The Mist, Appends Christmas Apples by Katrín Guðjónsdóttir." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/06/mistur-as-mist-appends-christmas-apples.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 June 2022. "Mistur, Anglicized The Mist, Accumulates Icelandic Names and Words." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/06/mistur-anglicized-mist-accumulates.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 May 2022. "Hulda Ate Icelandic Food Christmas Eve in Mistur, Anglicized The Mist." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/05/hulda-ate-icelandic-food-christmas-eve.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 May 2022. "Mistur, Anglicized The Mist, Acknowledges Halldór Laxness at Christmas." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/05/mistur-anglicized-mist-acknowledges.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 May 2022. "Mistur, Anglicized as The Mist, Acquaints Us With Olaf Olafsson." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/05/mistur-anglicized-as-mist-acquaints-us.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 May 2022. "Accidental and Violent Deaths Aggrieve Mistur, Anglicized as The Mist." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/05/accidental-and-violent-deaths-aggrieve.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 May 2022. "Mistur, Anglicized as The Mist, Angles Ring Road Along Coastal Iceland." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/05/mistur-anglicized-as-mist-angles-ring.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 April 2022. "Drungi, Anglicized The Island, Accumulates Icelandic Names and Words." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/04/drungi-anglicized-island-accumulates.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 April 2022. "Drungi, Anglicized The Island, Allows Icelandic Cuisine Takeout Pizza." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/04/drungi-anglicized-island-allows.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 April 2022. "Drungi, Anglicized as The Island, Acquaints Us With Bessastadir." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/04/drungi-anglicized-as-island-acquaints.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 April 2022. "Drungi, Anglicized as The Island, Asks What Einar Benediktsson Avers." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/04/drungi-anglicized-as-island-asks-what.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 March 2022. "Seven Deaths Afflict One Detective in Drungi, Anglicized as The Island." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/03/seven-deaths-afflict-one-detective-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 March 2022. "Fjords and Isles Are Accessible in Drungi, Anglicized as The Island." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/03/fjords-and-isles-are-accessible-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 March 2022. "Dimma, Anglicized The Darkness, Accumulates Icelandic Names and Words." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/03/dimma-anglicized-darkness-accumulates.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 March 2022. "Icelandic Cuisine Americanizes Dimma, Anglicized as The Darkness." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/03/icelandic-cuisine-americanizes-dimma.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 March 2022. "Dimma, Anglicized as The Darkness, Accesses Bishop Jón Vídalín For Us." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/03/dimma-anglicized-as-darkness-accesses.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 February 2022. "Dimma, Anglicized as The Darkness, Acquaints Us With Tomás Gudmundsson." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/02/dimma-anglicized-as-darkness-acquaints.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 February 2022. "Not All Are Accounted For in Dimma, Anglicized as The Darkness." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/02/not-all-are-accounted-for-in-dimma.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 February 2022. "Driving and Walking Tours Acquit Dimma, Anglicized as The Darkness." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/02/driving-and-walking-tours-acquit-dimma.html

Missouri Botanical Garden. "Platanthera hyperborea (L.) Lindl. Missouri Botanical Garden > Tropicos > Name Search > Name 23503083. Copyright 2022.
Available @ http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/23503083

Nilsson, Magnus. 2015. The Nordic Cookbook. London, England, UK: Phaidon Press Limited; and New York NY: Phaidon Press Inc.

"107. Jóhann Jónsson." Legstaðaleit > Ólafsvíkurkirkjugarður, Ólafsvík, Ísland > All Burials - Ólafsvíkurkirkjugarður, Ólafsvík, Ísland. Last modified 5 June 2021.
Available @ https://www.legstadaleit.com/tng/showmap.php?cemeteryID=204&tree=Tree2

"117. Jón þorsteinsson." Legstaðaleit > Ólafsvíkurkirkjugarður, Ólafsvík, Ísland > All Burials - Ólafsvíkurkirkjugarður, Ólafsvík, Ísland. Last modified 6 June 2021.
Available @ https://www.legstadaleit.com/tng/showmap.php?cemeteryID=204&tree=Tree2

"Our Distillery." Eimverk Distillery.
Available @ https://www.flokiwhisky.is/story

Page 17 Media LLC. "The Truth Behind Iceland's Most Secluded House." Spot Cool Stuff > Travel > Iceland.
Available @ http://travel.spotcoolstuff.com/iceland/secluded-architecture/ellidaey-island

Park, William. 27 February 2020. "The man who refused to freeze to death." BBC > BBC Future > Worst Case Scenario > Death. Copyrighted 2023 by BBC.
Available @ https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200226-how-to-survive-in-the-extreme-cold

Plassard, Freddie. "Lauréat 2014: Jean-Christophe Salaün." Page 130. In: Traduire 232/2015 Intraduisible? Vous voulez rire! OpenEdition Journals.
Available @ https://journals.openedition.org/traduire/710?lang=en

"Quentin Bates." Orenda Books > Translators.
Available @ https://orendabooks.co.uk/translators/quentin-bates

"Ragnar Jonasson." Ragnar Jonasson.com > About the Author.
Available @ http://ragnar-jonasson.squarespace.com/new-page

Ruppenstein, Andrew. 12 July 2017. "Einar Benediktsson." The Historical Marker Database > Search.
Available @ https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=105383

Sigurðsson, Ólafur. January 2020. Niðjatal Björn G. Blöndals, læknis á Siglufirði og víðar, f. 19. sept. 1865, og Sigríðar Möller, f. 16. mars 1865.
Available @ https://www.olisig.is/aettfraedi/pdf_nidjatal/bjorn_g_blondal-nidjatal-2020.pdf

Tapalaga, Andrei. 18 January 2021. "The Story Behind a Lone House in the Middle of Elliðaey Island." History of Yesterday.
Available @ https://historyofyesterday.com/the-story-behind-a-lone-house-in-the-middle-of-elli%C3%B0aey-island-529309b9cc22

Tómas, Ragnar. 1 October 2021. "Nína Tryggvadóttir Museum Founded After Generous Donation." IcelandReview > News.
Available @ https://www.icelandreview.com/news/agreement-to-establish-the-nina-tryggvadottir-art-museum-signed/

"209. Steinunn Kristjánsdóttir." Legstaðaleit > Ólafsvíkurkirkjugarður, Ólafsvík, Ísland > All Burials - Ólafsvíkurkirkjugarður, Ólafsvík, Ísland. Last modified 12 June 2021.
Available @ https://www.legstadaleit.com/tng/showmap.php?cemeteryID=204&tree=Tree2

"Victoria Cribb." WordsWithoutBorders > Contributors.
Available @ https://wordswithoutborders.org/contributors/view/victoria-cribb/

Wikipedia contributors. 23 February 2021. "Einar Benediktsson." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.
Available @ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einar_Benediktsson

Wunderman, Ali. 11 October 2019. "The Interesting Story Behind Iceland's Unusual Spirits." Liquor > Spirits > Spirits & Liqueurs > More Spirits.
Available @ https://www.liquor.com/articles/iceland-opal-topas/

Zoëga, Geir T. 1910. A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic. Reprinted 1926, 1942, 1952, 1961, 1965, 1967. Oxford at the Clarendon Press. London, England, UK: Oxford University Press.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/concisedictionar001857/page/n5/mode/2up

Met Opera's 2022-2023 Season Has 24 Saturday Matinee Opera Broadcasts

Summary: Met Opera's 2022-2023 season has 24 Saturday matinee opera broadcasts, beginning Dec. 10 with the opera company's premiere of Kevin Puts’ The Hours.

The 2022-2023 Met Opera Saturday matinee opera broadcast season opens Dec. 10 with The Hours by American composer Kevin Puts; the opera's Met Opera premiere takes place Tuesday, Nov. 22, at 8:00 p.m., under the conductorship of Yannick Nézet-Séguin, Met Opera's third music director, and with principal soprano roles sung by Renée Fleming, Joyce DiDonato and Kelli O'Hara; directed by English stage director Phelim McDermott, the new production's look reflects the creativity of Tom Pye, set and costume designer; Bruno Poet, lighting designer; and Finn Ross, projection designer: Renee Fleming @ReneeFleming, via Twitter March 16, 2022

Met Opera's 2022-2023 season has 24 Saturday matinee opera broadcasts, opening Dec. 10 with the opera company's premiere of The Hours by Kevin Puts and closing June 10 with Der Fliegende Holländer by Richard Wagner.

The 2022-2023 Met Opera season's Saturday matinee broadcasts comprise 27 Saturdays. Three of the Saturdays are billed as specially themed broadcasts. The New Year's Eve, Dec. 31, program is entitled "Met Debuts On The Air" and is described as: "Highlights of artists making their Metropolitan Opera debuts during live broadcasts." The TBA (To Be Announced) program for Feb. 11 draws upon an "archival broadcast." The program for March 4, entitled "Listeners’ Choice: Great Met Broadcasts," considers a TBA opera.

The 2022-2023 Met Opera season's 23 operas and one earlier season's Saturday matinee opera broadcast fill the remaining 24 available Saturdays. Seven of the operas are staged as new productions. Three of the new productions also qualify as premieres for their operas at the Metropolitan Opera.

The start time for 19 of the 24 opera broadcasts is listed at 1:00 p.m. Eastern Time. Earlier airings are schedule for five operas (The Magic Flute; Lohengrin; Norma; Falstaff; Der Rosenkavalier).

The 2022-2023 season's lineup of Saturday matinee opera broadcasts opens Dec. 10 at 1:00 p.m. with The Hours by Kevin Matthew Puts (born Jan. 3, 1972), an American composer who is a member of the Composition Faculty at Johns Hopkins University's Peabody Institute. Yannick Nézet-Séguin, Met Opera's third music director, is the Saturday matinee broadcast season opener's conductor. The Hours adapts the same-named, 1991 novel by American novelist and screenwriter Michael Cunningham (born Nov. 6, 1952). English stage director Phelim McDermott's new production receives its Met Opera premiere Tuesday, Nov. 22, at 8 p.m., two and one-half weeks prior to its prestigious placement as Saturday matinee broadcast season opener.

Rigoletto by Italian opera composer Giuseppe Verdi (Oct. 10, 1813-Jan. 27, 1901) airs in Italian Dec. 17 at 1:00 p.m. as the second of the 2022-2023 season's 24 Saturday matinee opera broadcasts. Speranza Scappucci is Rigoletto's conductor. The Italian conductor and pianist makes her Met Opera debut Thursday, Nov. 10, at 7:30 p.m., in the first of the season's 14 performances of Rigoletto.

The Magic Flute, Met Opera's abridged, English-language, holiday adaptation of Die Zauberflöte by Classical Era composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (Jan. 27, 1756-Dec. 5, 1791), plays Christmas Eve, Dec. 24, at 12 noon as the third of the season's 24 Saturday matinee opera broadcasts. Duncan Ward conducts the holiday presentation. The British conductor's Met Opera debut Friday, Dec. 16, at 7:00 p.m., precedes his first Saturday matinee broadcast by 17 hours.

Medea by Italian Classical and Romantic composer Luigi Cherubini (Sep. 14, 1760-March 15, 1842) plays in Italian Jan. 7 at 1:00 p.m. as a recording of the seventh (Saturday, Oct. 22, at 1:00 p.m.) of the opera's eight autumn performances in the 2022-2023 season. Medea airs as the fourth of the season's 24 Saturday matinee opera broadcasts and as the season's first 2023 broadcast. Italian conductor Carlo Rizzi is Medea's conductor. The Greek tragedy's new production by Scottish opera and theatre director David McVicar received its Met Opera premiere Tuesday, Sep. 27, at 6:00 p.m.

Fedora by Italian composer Umberto Giordano (Aug. 28, 1867-Nov. 12, 1948) is performed in Italian Jan. 14 at 1:00 p.m. as the fifth of the season's 24 Saturday matinee opera broadcasts and as the season's third new production. Italian conductor Marco Armiliato is Fedora's conductor. David McVicar's second new production in the 2022-2023 season debuts New Year's Eve, Saturday, Dec. 31, at 6:30 p.m.

L'Elisir d'Amore by Italian opera composer Gaetano Donizetti (Nov. 29, 1797-April 8, 1848) airs in Italian Jan. 21 at 1:00 p.m. as the sixth of the season's 24 Saturday matinee opera broadcasts. Michele Gamba conducts L'Elisir d'Amore. The Italian conductor and pianist's Met Opera debut in the opera's first 2022-2023 season performance Tuesday, Jan. 10, at 7:30 p.m. precedes his first Saturday matinee broadcast by approximately one and one-half weeks.

Dialogues des Carmélites by French composer and pianist Francis Poulenc (Jan. 7, 1899-Jan. 30, 1963) is performed in French Jan. 28 at 1:00 p.m. as the seventh of the season's 24 Saturday matinee opera broadcasts. French conductor Bertrand de Billy occupies the conductor's podium for the French Revolution-themed opera.

A 50-year-old Saturday matinee broadcast of Verdi's Macbeth plays in Italian Feb. 4 at 1:00 p.m. as the eighth of the season's 24 Saturday matinee opera broadcasts. Italian opera conductor Francesco Molinari-Pradelli (July 4, 1911-July 8, 1996) conducted the 1972-1973 season's Saturday matinee broadcast Feb. 3, 1973.

Verdi's Don Carlo plays in Italian Feb. 18 at 1:00 p.m. as the ninth of the season's 24 Saturday matinee opera broadcasts. Italian conductor Carlo Rizzi appears in his second Saturday matinee broadcast in the 2022-2023 season.

Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk by Russian composer, librettist and pianist Dmitri Dmitriyevich Shostakovich (Sep. 25, 1906-Aug. 9, 1975) broadcasts in Russian Feb. 25 at 1:00 p.m. from an autumn performance and numbers as the 10th of the season's 24 Saturday matinee opera broadcasts. Canadian operatic and symphonic conductor Keri-Lynn Wilson made her Met Opera debut in the first (Thursday, Sep. 29, at 8:00 p.m.) of the season's six autumn performances of Shostakovich's tormentous opera.

Verdi's La Traviata is performed in Italian March 11 at 1:00 p.m. as the 11th of the season's 24 Saturday matinee opera broadcasts. Italian conductor Nicola Luisotti is La Traviata's conductor.

Lohengrin by German Romantic era composer-librettist Richard Wagner (May 22, 1813-Feb. 13, 1883) airs in German March 18 at 12 noon as the 12th of the season's 24 Saturday matinee opera broadcasts and as the fourth new production in the Saturday matinee lineup. Yannick Nézet-Séguin conducts his second Saturday matinee broadcast in the 2022-2023 season. French Canadian director François Girard's new production debuts Sunday, Feb. 26, at 2:00 p.m., almost two weeks before the German Arthurian legend-themed opera's Saturday matinee broadcast.

Norma by 19th-century Italian opera composer Vincenzo Bellini (Nov. 3, 1801-Sep. 23, 1835) is performed in Italian March 25 at 12 noon as the 13th of the season's 24 Saturday matinee opera broadcasts. Italian conductor Maurizio Benini conducts Bellini's tragic opera of forbidden love in Roman-occupied Gaul.

Verdi's Falstaff is performed in Italian April Fool's Day, April 1, at 12:30 p.m. as the 14th of the season's 24 Saturday matinee opera broadcasts. Italian conductor Daniele Rustioni is the conductor of Verdi's Shakespeare-inspired comic opera.

Tosca by Italian opera composer Giacomo Puccini (Dec. 22, 1858-Nov. 29, 1924) airs in Italian April 8 at 1:00 p.m. as the 15th of the season's 24 Saturday matinee opera broadcasts. Venezuelan-Swiss conductor Domingo Hindoyan conducts Puccini's tragic love-triangled opera.

Der Rosenkavalier by German composer Richard Strauss (June 11, 1864-Sep. 8, 1949) is performed in German April 15 at 12 noon as the 16th of the season's 24 Saturday matinee opera broadcasts. Australian conductor Simone Young conducts the comic, love-entangled opera.

Mozart's Idomeneo plays an autumn performance in Italian for the April 22 broadcast at 1:00 p.m. and numbers as the 17th of the season's 24 Saturday matinee opera broadcasts. Austrian conductor Manfred Honeck made his Met Opera debut in the season's first performance of the Greek mythology-themed opera Wednesday, Sep. 28, at 7:00 p.m.

Champion by American jazz musician and composer Terence Blanchard (born March 13, 1962) is performed in English April 29 at 1:00 p.m. as the 18th of the season's 24 Saturday matinee opera broadcasts. Champion numbers as the season's fifth new production and third Met Opera premiere. Yannick Nézet-Séguin conducts his third Saturday matinee broadcast in the 2022-2023 season.

Puccini's La Bohème airs in Italian May 6 at 1:00 p.m. as the 19th of the season's 24 Saturday matinee opera broadcasts. Yannick Nézet-Séguin conducts his fourth of four Saturday matinee opera broadcasts of the season.

Verdi's Aida performs in Italian May 13 at 1:00 p.m. as the 20th of the season's 24 Saturday matinee opera broadcasts. Italian conductor Paolo Carignani is Aida's conductor.

Mozart's Don Giovanni is performed in Italian May 20 at 1:00 p.m. as the 21st of the season's 24 Saturday matinee opera broadcasts and as the season's sixth new production. French conductor and contralto Nathalie Stutzmann makes her Met Opera debut in the new production's opening night, Friday, May 5, at 7:00 p.m. American director James Robinson directs the new production of Mozart's lothario-punitive opera.

Peter Grimes by English composer, conductor and pianist by Edward Benjamin Britten, Baron Britten (Nov. 22, 1913-Dec. 4, 1976) plays an autumn performance for the May 27 broadcast at 1:00 p.m. and numbers as the 22nd of the season's 24 Saturday matinee opera broadcasts. Australian conductor Nicholas Carter is the conductor of the sea-themed opera.

Mozart's Die Zauberflöte is performed in German June 3 at 1:00 p.m. as the 23rd of the season's 24 Saturday matinee opera broadcasts and as the season's seventh new production. Nathalie Stutzmann's conductorship marks the French conductor's second of two appearances in the season's Saturday matinee opera broadcasts. English director Simon McBurney directs the new production of Mozart's fairy-tale opera.

Wagner's Der Fliegende Holländer performs in German June 10 at 1:00 p.m. as the last of the season's Saturday matinee opera broadcasts. German conductor and pianist Thomas Guggeis makes his Met Opera debut Tuesday, May 30, at 8:00 p.m., in the first of the season's four performances of Wagner's ghostly maritime-themed opera.

Wagner's Der Fliegende Holländer is scheduled for airing June 10 as the 2022-2023 Saturday matinee opera broadcast season's closer; under the conductorship of German conductor and pianist Thomas Guggeis, South African soprano Elza van den Heever adds the opera's Senta to her Met Opera role repertoire; Thomas Guggeis, who replaces Dutch conductor Jaap van Zweden, makes his Met Opera debut: Elza van den Heever, via Facebook Feb. 23, 2022

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication

This post is dedicated to the memory of our beloved blue-eyed brother, Charles, who guided the creation of the Met Opera and Astronomy posts on Earth and Space News. We memorialized our brother in "Our Beloved Blue-Eyed Brother, Charles, With Whom We Are Well Pleased," published on Earth and Space News on Thursday, Nov. 18, 2021, an anniversary of our beloved father's death.

Image credits:

The 2022-2023 Met Opera Saturday matinee opera broadcast season opens Dec. 10 with The Hours by American composer Kevin Puts; the opera's Met Opera premiere takes place Tuesday, Nov. 22, at 8:00 p.m., under the conductorship of Yannick Nézet-Séguin, Met Opera's third music director, and with principal soprano roles sung by Renée Fleming, Joyce DiDonato and Kelli O'Hara; directed by English stage director Phelim McDermott, the new production's look reflects the creativity of Tom Pye, set and costume designer; Bruno Poet, lighting designer; and Finn Ross, projection designer: Renée Fleming, via Twitter March 16, 2022, @ https://twitter.com/ReneeFleming/status/1504162094362542082

Wagner's Der Fliegende Holländer is scheduled for airing June 10 as the 2022-2023 Saturday matinee opera broadcast season's closer; under the conductorship of German conductor and pianist Thomas Guggeis, South African soprano Elza van den Heever adds the opera's Senta to her Met Opera role repertoire; Thomas Guggeis, who replaces Dutch conductor Jaap van Zweden, makes his Met Opera debut: Elza van den Heever, via Facebook Feb. 23, 2022, @ https://www.facebook.com/elzavandenheever.soprano/posts/pfbid02pcqXKw9ZTFuUb7Zjxx2mBGc7UbmcBQ7QiUxytfBJa2osrV141dS4D6zVyu4WkaEsl

For further information:

"Debuts: Doey Lüthi, Jo Meredith." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 357695 Metropolitan Opera Premiere Medea {1} Metropolitan Opera House: 09/27/2022. (Opening Night {137} Peter Gelb General Manager.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=357695

"Debuts: Keri-Lynn Wilson, Svetlana Sozdateleva, Goran Jurić, Alexey Shishlyaev, Maria Barakova, Irina Rindzuner." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 357698 Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk {22} Metropolitan Opera House: 09/29/2022.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=357698

"Debuts: Manfred Honeck." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 357696 Idomeneo {74} Metropolitan Opera House: 09/28/2022.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=357698

Elza van den Heever. "Today The Metropolitan Opera announced the 2022 / 2023 season, and I am thrilled to make my role debut as Senta in Der Fliegende Holländer with an amazing cast and Maestro JaapvanZweden - not to mention the incredible MET Orchestra Musicians and Met Opera Chorus! https://www.metopera.org/…/2022-23…/der-fliegende-hollander/ Jiyang Chen." Facebook. Feb. 23, 2022.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/elzavandenheever.soprano/posts/pfbid02pcqXKw9ZTFuUb7Zjxx2mBGc7UbmcBQ7QiUxytfBJa2osrV141dS4D6zVyu4WkaEsl

Marriner, Derdriu. "Quinn Kelsey Has Tallied Nine Met Roles, Seven Operas, 90 Performances." Earth and Space News. Monday, Sep. 26, 2022.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/09/quinn-kelsey-has-tallied-nine-met-roles.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Quinn Kelsey Sings Amonasro, Marcello, Rigoletto at Met in 2022-2023." Earth and Space News. Monday, Sep. 19, 2022.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/09/quinn-kelsey-sings-amonasro-marcello.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Three of Seven 2022-2023 Met Opera Season New Productions Are Premieres." Earth and Space News. Monday, Nov. 21, 2022.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/11/three-of-seven-2022-2023-met-opera.html

"Matinee Broadcast: Macbeth." MetOpera Database > Met Performance] CID: 232400 Macbeth {28} Matinee Broadcast ed. Metropolitan Opera House: 02/3/1973.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=232400

"Metropolitan Opera Premiere: Medea." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 357695 Metropolitan Opera Premiere Medea {1} Metropolitan Opera House: 09/27/2022. (Opening Night {137} Peter Gelb General Manager.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=357695

Renée Fleming. "There is just nothing in the world like being a part of a new work, especially with these artistic forces! The Hours, the new opera by the brilliant Kevin Puts, composer is arriving- first in a world premiere concert this weekend at the [sic] The Philadelphia Orchestra, and then in the premiere staged production at the [sic] The Metropolitan Opera this fall, both conducted by Yannick Nezet-Seguin! #dreamjob #newmusic." Facebook. March 15, 2022.
https://www.facebook.com/ReneeFlemingMusic/posts/pfbid0npYTeqv48WqhFhd7No9nY7jMXZGBNncTYTL43hk1ecgVBNBDjqdiJGLJmigcCTC2l

Renee Fleming @ReneeFleming. "Joy = being in at the creation of a new opera with artistic forces like these! The Hours, by the brilliant @kevin_puts, is arriving -- 1st in concert this weekend at the @philorch, and then at the @MetOpera this fall, both conducted by @nezetseguin!" Twitter. March 16, 2022.
Available @ https://twitter.com/ReneeFleming/status/1504162094362542082

Salazar, Francisco. "Metropolitan Opera Announces Conductor Change for ‘Der Fliegende Holländer.'" OperaWire. March 25, 2022.
Available @ https://operawire.com/metropolitan-opera-announces-conductor-change-for-der-fliegende-hollander/