Second of Four Columbus Wills Likely Was Genuine But Has Disappeared

Summary: The second of four Columbus wills likely was genuine but has disappeared without a trace, according to historical researcher Francesc Albardaner.

Christopher Columbus wrote a will, dated April 1, 1502, which he deposited at the Monastery of Santa Maria de Las Cuevas, also known as the Monastery of the Cartuja (Charterhouse), located on Isla de la Cartuja in the Guadalquivir River at Seville, southwestern Spain, prior to leaving for his fourth and final voyage across the Atlantic Ocean; the monastery, which became a national monument in 1964, has housed Centro Andaluz de Arte Contemporáneo (CAAC) since 1997; Monday, Aug. 21, 2006, 19:00: E Asterion, CC BY SA 2.5 Generic, via Wikimedia Commons

The second of four Columbus wills likely was genuine but has disappeared without a trace, according to Francesc Albardaner, historical researcher at Centre d'Estudis Colombins (CEC; Center for Columbus Studies) in Barcelona.

In "The Columbus Will of 1502 and Three Additional Wills, Of Which Some Are Legal and Others Fake," published in English in January 2020, Francesc Albardaner (born June 30, 1949) reviews four wills that have been attributed to late 15th-century to early 16th-century explorer and navigator Christopher Columbus (Catalan: Cristòfor Colom; Italian: Cristoforo Colombo; Portuguese: Cristóvão Colombo; Spanish: Cristóbal Colón; ca. 1446/1451-May 20, 1506). The four documents comprise three wills with dates of 1497/1498, 1502 and 1505/1506 and a military codicil of 1506.

In his last will, Columbus referenced a will that he had made April 1, 1502, prior to leaving the southwestern Iberian Peninsula's northeastern Atlantic seaport of Cádiz in southwestern Andalusia (Spanish: Andalucía) for his fourth and final voyage of discovery to the Americas (May 1502-November 1504). In his 1505/1506 will, Columbus asserted the primacy of his earlier will over his later will in the event of any discrepancies between the two documents.

Columbus noted that he had placed his 1502 will and other important documents in two coffers at the Monastery of Santa Maria de Las Cuevas (Catalan: El Monestir de Santa María de las Cuevas; Spanish: El Monasterio de Santa María de las Cuevas), also known as the Monastery of the Cartuja (Charterhouse) (Catalan: la Cartuja; Spanish: Monasterio de la Cartuja), located on Isla de la Cartuja ("Island of the Carthusians"; Catalan: illa de la Cartuja) in the Guadalquivir River (Catalan: riu Guadalquivir; Spanish: río Guadalquivir) at Seville (Catalan, Spanish: Sevilla). He entrusted the coffers to the custody of northern Italy-born, Carthusian friar Gaspar Gorricio of Novara (?-Dec. 31, 1515).

After Friar Gaspar's death, the monastic community's prior maintained responsibility for the coffers. Undisputed inheritance by every generation's eldest male descendant ensured the monastery's guardianship of the coffers for three generations. Thus, the Columbian inheritance passed to the explorer's only legitimate son, Don Diego Colón Perestrello (ca. 1479; Lisbon, Portugal-Feb. 23, 1526; La Puebla de Montalbán, Toledo, central Spain); thence to Diego's oldest son, Don Luis Colón de Toledo (1522; Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic-Jan. 29, 1572; Oran, Algeria); and then to Don Diego Colón y Pravia (ca. 1551-Feb. 12, 1578), only son of Diego's second oldest son, Cristóbal Colón de Toledo (ca. 1510-August 1571; off Peruvian coast).

Heirless Columbian great-grandson Don Diego Colón y Pravia's Jan. 28, 1578, will identified his first cousin, Don Christóbal Colón de Cardona (?-Nov. 6, 1583), as his successor. This new heir was the first son of the 1543 marriage of María Colón y Toledo (born 1511), daughter of Columbus son Don Diego Colón Perestrello and, therefore, Don Diego Colón y Pravia's paternal aunt, to Sanç de Cardona (Catalan: Sanç de Cardona i Roís de Liori; ca. 1526-1571), Admiral of Aragon (Catalan: Almirall d'Aragó; Spanish: Almirante de Aragón) and First Marquess of Guadalest in Valencia Community's (Catalan: Comunitat Valenciana; Spanish: Comunidad Valenciana) southeastern Alicante province (Catalan: província d'Alacant; Spanish: provincia de Alicante). In accordance with Don Diego Colón y Pravia's will, the documents were removed from Las Cuevas and temporarily placed in the possession of Don Christóbal's brother, Don Luis Colón de Cardona, prior to their transfer to the new heir.

Don Cristóbal Colón de Cardona, however, had copies made of the documents that he considered valuable. He retained those copies in his family archives in Valencia (Catalan: València) on central eastern Spain's Mediterranean coast.

Unfortunately, disagreement among female descendants over the heirship of Don Christóbal Colón de Cardona arose. During a thirty-year lawsuit, from 1578 to 1608, the documents were required to be deposited with the court. Interestingly, the lawsuit's "different pretenders" complained about the "exactitude" of the Colón de Cardona family's "devolution" of documents to the court.

The April 1, 1502, will has disappeared. The will's contents apparently are unknown.

Albardaner suspects that the 1502 will remained in the possession of Don Cristobal Colón de Cardona. Why? He suggests that Christopher Columbus included in the will information that his descendants have resolved to conceal from "public scrutiny."

About one and one-third months prior to his May 11, 1502, departure from Cádiz, Andalusia (Catalan: Andalusia; Spanish: Andalucía), southwestern Spain, for his fourth, last voyage across the Atlantic Ocean, Christopher Columbus wrote his second (now missing) will, dated April 1, 1502; "Gades Ab Occiduis Insulae Partibus, Anno 1564," Cádiz, departure point of Christopher Columbus for his fourth, last trans-Atlantic voyage, in print from drawing by Flemish illuminator, miniaturist, painter and topographical artist Joris Hoefnagel (also known as George Hoefnagel; 1542-Sep. 9, 1600, or July 24, 1601) in Urbium praecipuarum mundi theatrum quintum, fifth book of Civitates Orbis Terrarum, first published in 1572 by German topo-geographer Georg Braun (1541-March 10, 1622) and Netherlandish and German engraver and mapmaker Frans Hogenberg (1535–1590): Public Domain (CC0 1.0 Universal), via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Christopher Columbus wrote a will, dated April 1, 1502, which he deposited at the Monastery of Santa Maria de Las Cuevas, also known as the Monastery of the Cartuja (Charterhouse), located on Isla de la Cartuja in the Guadalquivir River at Seville, southwestern Spain, prior to leaving for his fourth and final voyage across the Atlantic Ocean; the monastery, which became a national monument in 1964, has housed Centro Andaluz de Arte Contemporáneo (CAAC) since 1997; Monday, Aug. 21, 2006, 19:00: E Asterion, CC BY SA 2.5 Generic, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Monasterio_de_la_Cartuja,_Sevilla.jpg

About one and one-third months prior to his May 11, 1502, departure from Cádiz, Andalusia (Catalan: Andalusia; Spanish: Andalucía), southwestern Spain, for his fourth, last voyage across the Atlantic Ocean, Christopher Columbus wrote his second (now missing) will, dated April 1, 1502; "Gades Ab Occiduis Insulae Partibus, Anno 1564," Cádiz, departure point of Christopher Columbus for his fourth, last trans-Atlantic voyage, in print from drawing by Flemish illuminator, miniaturist, painter and topographical artist Joris Hoefnagel (also known as George Hoefnagel; 1542-Sep. 9, 1600, or July 24, 1601) in Urbium praecipuarum mundi theatrum quintum, fifth book of Civitates Orbis Terrarum, first published in 1572 by German topo-geographer Georg Braun (1541-March 10, 1622) and Netherlandish and German engraver and mapmaker Frans Hogenberg (1535–1590): Public Domain (CC0 1.0 Universal), via Wikimedia Commons @ https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/archive/d/de/20240219181214%21Gezicht_op_de_landtong_van_Cádiz%2C_BI-1956-1074-33.jpg (cropped image URL: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gezicht_op_de_landtong_van_Cádiz,_BI-1956-1074-33.jpg; Publiek domein, via Rijksmuseum @ https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/collectie/BI-1956-1074-33; via Library of Congress @ https://www.loc.gov/resource/g3200m.gct00128c/?sp=17&st=image&r=0.288,0.571,0.367,0.197,0 (volume 5 URL @ https://www.loc.gov/resource/g3200m.gct00128c/?sp=1&r=-0.221,-0.034,1.423,0.766,0; catalog record @ https://www.loc.gov/item/2008627031/)

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Inclan, John D. "Generation No. 3. 3. Maria3 Colon-y-Toledo (Diego2 Colon, 1st Duke of Veragua, Cristobal1) was born 1511. She married the Marquis of Guadelesti Sancho Folch-de-Cardona-y-Ruiz-de-Liori, son of Alfonso Folch-de-Cardona-y-Fajardo and Isabel Ruiz-de-Liori. Children of Maria Colon-y-Toledo and Sancho Folch-de-Cardona-y-Ruiz-de-Liori are: i. 3rd Duke of Veragua Cristobal4 de Cardona-y-Colon, d. 06 Nov 1583. ii. Luis de Cardona-y-Colon, d. Bef. Nov 1583. iii. Maria de Cardona-y-ColonON, d. 05 Aug 1591; m. Francisco de Mendoza." Somos Primos > John Inclan. Dec. 30, 2009.
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PARES Portal de Archivos Españoles."Corporate Body -- Ducado de Veragua. Type: Corporate Body. Preferred form: Ducado de Veragua. Fechas de existencia: 1537-01-19. History: Granted with Grandeur of Spain to Sir Luis Colón de Toledo, grandson of Cristóbal Colón. Descendant of Colón, Fitz James Stuart, Colón de Larriategui and Colón de Carvajal." PARES Portal de Archivos Españoles > PARES Busquedas.
Available via PARES Portal de Archivos Españoles @ http://pares.mcu.es/ParesBusquedas20/catalogo/autoridad/46820

PARES Portal de Archivos Españoles."In the Archives: Archivo General de Indias. Related Authority: Colón, Cristobal (?-1506). Type of relationship with the Authority: Related documents." PARES Portal de Archivos Españoles > PARES Busquedas > Results Page > Results 100 of 184.
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PARES Portal de Archivos Españoles."Person -- Colón, Cristobal (?-1506). Type: Person. Preferred form: Colón, Cristobal (?-1506). Fechas de existencia: desconocida -- Valladolid (España) 1506. History: Navegante, marino, explorador y conquistador de origen genovés. Se le considera el descubridor de un nuevo continente, denominado más tarde, América. Se desconoce la fecha de nacimiento que pudo ser entre 1436 y 1455; posteriormente se ha propuesto en 1451 y como lugar de nacimiento, posiblemente Génova. Falleció en Valladolid en 1506.Casado con Felipa Moniz de Perestrello y padres de Diego Colón, hijo primogénito del marino y heredero de sus títulos. En 1485 llegó y se instaló en Castilla en compañía de su hijo Diego para exponer su proyecto de viaje a los Reyes Católicos durando más de seis años las negociaciones. En esa época tuvo a su segundo hijo con Beatriz Enríquez de Arana, el geógrafo e historiador Hernando Colón.El 17 de abril de 1492 se reunió con los reyes Fernando de Aragón e Isabel de Castilla en Santa Fe de Granada y acordaron las denominadas 'Capitulaciones de Santa Fe' que le permitieron a Colón llevar a cabo su proyectado viaje a las Indias Occidentales financiado por la Corona de Castilla. Salió de Palos de la Frontera en agosto de 1492 al mando de 3 naves (las carabelas La Pinta y la Niña, y la nao Santa María) y arribó a las Indias tocando tierra firme en la isla de Guanahani el 12 de octubre de 1492. Este viaje supuso el descubrimiento del continente americano. Los Reyes Católicos lo nombraron primer Almirante, Virrey y Gobernador General de las Indias Occidentales. . . . Documents > Related documents: . . . Archivo General de Indias (184)" PARES Portal de Archivos Españoles > PARES Busquedas.
Available via PARES Portal de Archivos Españoles @ http://pares.mcu.es/ParesBusquedas20/catalogo/autoridad/46820

PARES Portal de Archivos Españoles. "Ratificación del testamento y codicilo de Cristóbal Colón. Reference Number PATRONATO,295,N.61. Date of creation: 1506-05-19. Name of the creator(s): Ducado de Veragua. Scope and content: Testimonio autorizado de la ratificación del testamento y codicilo que el Almirante don Cristóbal Colón otorgó en Valladolid." PARES Portal de Archivos Españoles > PARES Busquedas. Archivo General de Indias.
Available via PARES Portal de Archivos Españoles @ http://pares.mcu.es/ParesBusquedas20/catalogo/description/132674

PARES Portal de Archivos Españoles. "Testamento de Cristóbal Colón: codicilo. Supplied title: Testamento de Cristóbal Colón: codicilo. Reference number: PATRONATO,8,R.4 Date of creation: 1506-05-04. Scope and content: Codicilo de Cristóbal Colón por el cual instituye por única y universal heredera de sus rentas y bienes que posee en Italia, a su patria, la República de Génova, y añade que por falta de su línea masculina, nombra a esta República como heredera de su almirantazgo de las Indias y sus anejidades. Valladolid, 4 de mayo de 1506. Es una copia en latín y castellano. [S.F.-Siglo XVIII]." PARES Portal de Archivos Españoles > PARES Busquedas. Archivo General de Indias.
Available via PARES Portal de Archivos Españoles @@ http://pares.mcu.es/ParesBusquedas20/catalogo/description/121320

Porto, Carmen Manso. "Gaspar Gorricio de Novara." Real Academia de la Historia El Diccionario Biográfico electrónico (DB~e) > Biografias.
Available via DB~e RAH El Diccionario Biográfico electrónico (DB~e) @ https://dbe.rah.es/biografias/83606/gaspar-gorricio-de-novara

Rosa, Manuel de Silva. "The Christopher Columbus false Military Codicil." Manuel Rosa's Columbus Site > Codicilho.
Available @ http://www.1492.us.com/codicilho/codicil.htm