Earth and Space News: Rapid Urban Site Index Allows Urban Forest and Tree Soil Assessments

Summary: Rapid Urban Site Index allows urban forest and tree soil assessments, according to Bryant Scharenbroch and four co-authors in the April 2022 Arborist News.

Rapid Urban Site Index allows urban forest and tree soil assessments, according to article co-authors Bryant Scharenbroch, Eric Kramer, Matthew Soule, Ted Hartsig and Stephanie Hsia in the April 2022 Arborist News.

Compaction, low organic matter, rooting space primarily; alkalinity, altered biological activity, poor drainage, water scarcity secondarily; pH and salinity rarely bother urban soil and tree health. Soil management for urban soil and tree health compels aiming at articulated goals, assessing soil conditions, acting correctively and preservatively and analyzing whether goals are achieved. Forest, soil, tree management demands forest, soil, tree assessments to determine whether forest, soil, tree care do mandatory fertilization and pruning economically, as declared goals direct.

Arborists, landscape architects and urban foresters as urban forest and tree managers employ the Rapid Urban Site Index (RUSI), accurate, five-factor, 15-parameter, practical model evaluating soils.

Climate factors flourish exposure (EXP), growing degree-days (GDD) and precipitation (PPT) parameters even as infrastructure (INFR), surface (SURF) and traffic (TRAF) parameters function within urban factors.

Soil factors’ physical and chemical properties respectively garner penetration (PEN), structure (STRC) and texture (TEXT) parameters and electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter (SOM) and pH parameters. The biological properties of RUSI-modeled soil factors have as their parameters estimated rooting area (ERA), depth of the A horizon (AHOR) and wet aggregate stability (WAS). The accurate, inexpensive RUSI model, after minimum expertise, time and training involvements, impels in-field assessments of measured parameters by implementing scoring functions from 0 through 3.

RUSI soil assessments judge soil organic matter by estimated color and estimated parameter scores under 1 percent or at 1-2 percent, 3-5 percent or 5-plus percent.

Fifteen parameters scored (0-3), summed (0-45, ideally 15x3=45), divided by the maximum possible score (ideally 45÷45=1), times 100 kindles the RUSI quality score (0-100, ideally 100).

Higher relative site quality launches higher measured parameters and higher RUSI totals even as all scores, all totals link with in-field analysis always, laboratory analysis never. Tree health care preferably mandates respective climate, soil and urban factors of 1,000-plus-millimeter (39.37-plus-inch) annual precipitation; granular-textured, 6.0- to 6.5-pH soils; and traffic under two lanes. Non-healthy scoring-function number one niches 500- to 750-millimeter (19.69- to 29.53-inch) precipitation; angular-blocky-textured 4.0- to 4.9-pH or 8.1- to 9.0-pH soils; and non-parking, two-to four-lane traffic.

Rapid Urban Site Index observes and obviates new and old parameters where, for instance, high water tables overwhelm urban trees or only one soil texture obtains.

An extra point for irrigation or a 3-square-meter (32.29-square-foot) break-out zone within 3 meters (9.84 feet) prioritizes by extra weight impactful precipitation or estimated rooting area.

Decreasing RUSI soil assessments to the most site-significant parameters, such as the 8-parameter Cambridge Urban Site Index (CUSI), quickens applicable, efficient processes and plentiful, precise data. CUSI regards electrical conductivity relaying salinity and estimated rooting area revealing permeability as most urban tree health-friendly versus exposure, micronutrients, pH and water-table depth as least. CUSI and RUSI scores suggest high-quality sites for sensitive trees, problematic sites for hardy trees and goal-setting and goal-reaching assessments of corrective and preservative management actions.

Low-risk permeable, high-risk impermeable rooting-area maps from CUSI soil assessments tell where compacted, concrete-alkalinized, deicer-salinized, fertilizer-salted, high water-tabled, infrastructure-trapped, low-nutrient, poor-draining, root-restricted soils trouble urban trees.

The article You Need to Assess Soil and Here is How to Do It! by Bryant Scarenbroch of the University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point and The Morton Arboretum of Lisle IL and co-authors Eric Kramer, Matthew Soule and Stephanie Hsia of Reed Hilderbrand landscape architects in Cambridge MA and co-author Ted Hartsig of Olsson engineering firm in Lincoln NE applies Cambridge Urban Site Index (CUSI) and Rapid Urban Site Index (RUSI) soil assessments. The CUSI case study of 2019 in Cambridge MA appreciates red maple (Acer rubrum) as a sensitive tree for urban sites where estimated rooting area (ERA) and traffic (TRF), penetration (PEN) and texture (TEX), electrical conductivity (EC) and pH, soil organic matter (SOM) and wet aggregate stability (WAS) attain high scoring functions, ideally all assessed at the highest scoring function number (3); N.L. Britton, "Acer Rubrum Red Maple," Addisonia, vol. 9, no. 2 (June 1924), Plate 298, opp. p. 19, illustrated by English botanical artist M.E. (Mary Emily) Eaton (Nov. 27, 1873-Aug. 4, 1961): Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

The Cambridge Urban Site Index (CUSI), adapted from the Rapid Urban Site Index (RUSI), appears in the article You Need to Assess Soil and Here is How to Do It! in the April 2022 Arborist News. The CUSI case study of 2019 in Cambridge MA assembled 85 sites that allow urban forest and tree soil assessments. It associates woody-plant adaptability and hardiness with honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos); Alice Lounsberry, A Guide to the Trees (1900), Plate CXI, opp. p. 208, illustrated by Australian artist and botanical illustrator Marian Ellis Rowan (July 30, 1848-Oct. 4, 1922): Biodiversity Heritage Library (BioDivLibrary), Public Domain, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/biodivlibrary/8435958694; Not in copyright, via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/20819383; Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_guide_to_the_trees_(Plate_CXI)_(8435958694).jpg

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Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/04/tree-wound-responses-healthy-wound.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 February 2015. “Urban Forest Maintenance and Non-Maintenance Costs and Benefits.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/02/urban-forest-maintenance-and-non.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 December 2014. “Tree Dwelling Symbionts: Dodder, Lichen, Mistletoe, Moss and Woe-Vine.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/12/tree-dwelling-symbionts-dodder-lichen.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 October 2014. “Tree Cable Installation Systems Lessen Target Impact From Tree Failure.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/10/tree-cable-installation-systems-lessen.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 August 2014. “Flood Tolerant Trees in Worst-Case Floodplain and Urbanized Scenarios.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/08/flood-tolerant-trees-in-worst-case.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 June 2014. “Integrated Vegetation Management of Plants in Utility Rights-of-Way.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/06/integrated-vegetation-management-of.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 April 2014. “Tree Twig Identification: Buds, Bundle Scars, Leaf Drops, Leaf Scars.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/04/tree-twig-identification-buds-bundle.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 February 2014. “Tree Twig Anatomy: Ecosystem Stress, Growth Rates, Winter Identification.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/02/tree-twig-anatomy-ecosystem-stress.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 December 2013. “Community and Tree Safety Awareness During Line- and Road-Clearances.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/12/community-and-tree-safety-awareness.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 October 2013. “Chain-Saw Gear and Tree Work Related Personal Protective Equipment.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/10/chain-saw-gear-and-tree-work-related.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 October 2013. “Storm Damaged Tree Clearances: Matched Teamwork of People to Equipment.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/10/storm-damaged-tree-clearances-matched.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 August 2013. “Storm Induced Tree Damage Assessments: Pre-Storm Planned Preparedness.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/08/storm-induced-tree-damage-assessments.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 June 2013. “Storm Induced Tree Failures From Heavy Tree Weights and Weather Loads.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/06/storm-induced-tree-failures-from-heavy.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 April 2013. “Urban Tree Root Management Concerns: Defects, Digs, Dirt, Disturbance.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/04/urban-tree-root-management-concerns.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 February 2013. “Tree Friendly Beneficial Soil Microbes: Inoculations and Occurrences.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/02/tree-friendly-beneficial-soil-microbes.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 December 2012. “Healthy Urban Tree Root Crown Balances: Soil Properties, Soil Volumes.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/12/healthy-urban-tree-root-crown-balances.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 October 2012. “Tree Adaptive Growth: Tree Risk Assessment of Tree Failure, Tree Strength.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/10/tree-adaptive-growth-tree-risk.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 August 2012. “Tree Risk Assessment Mitigation Reports: Tree Removal, Tree Retention?” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/08/tree-risk-assessment-mitigation-reports.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 June 2012. “Internally Stressed, Response Growing, Wind Loaded Tree Strength.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/06/internally-stressed-response-growing.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 April 2012. “Three Tree Risk Assessment Levels: Limited Visual, Basic and Advanced.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/04/three-tree-risk-assessment-levels.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 February 2012. “Qualitative Tree Risk Assessment: Risk Ratings for Targets and Trees.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/02/qualitative-tree-risk-assessment-risk.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 February 2012. “Qualitative Tree Risk Assessment: Falling Trees Impacting Targets.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/02/qualitative-tree-risk-assessment.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 December 2011. “Tree Risk Assessment: Tree Failures From Defects and From Wind Loads.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/12/tree-risk-assessment-tree-failures-from.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 October 2011. “Five Tree Felling Plan Steps for Successful Removals and Worker Safety.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/10/five-tree-felling-plan-steps-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 August 2011. “Natives and Non-Natives as Successfully Urbanized Plant Species.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/08/natives-and-non-natives-as-successfully.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 June 2011. “Tree Ring Patterns for Ecosystem Ages, Dates, Health and Stress.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/06/tree-ring-patterns-for-ecosystem-ages.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 April 2011. “Benignly Ugly Tree Disorders: Oak Galls, Powdery Mildew, Sooty Mold, Tar Spot.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/04/benignly-ugly-tree-disorders-oak-galls.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 February 2011. “Tree Load Can Turn Tree Health Into Tree Failure or Tree Fatigue.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/02/tree-load-can-turn-tree-health-into.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 December 2010. “Tree Electrical Safety Knowledge, Precautions, Risks and Standards.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/12/tree-electrical-safety-knowledge.html

Scharenbroch, Bryant; Eric Kramer; Matthew Soule; Ted Hartsig; and Stephanie Hsia. April 2022. "You Need to Assess Soil and Here is How to Do It!" Arborist News 31(2): 12-18.

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Saturday, April 9, 2022

Rapid Urban Site Index Allows Urban Forest and Tree Soil Assessments

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