Earth and Space News: Are Indian Ring-Necked Rose-Ringed Parakeets Still at Ellora Caves?

Summary: Indian ring-necked rose-ringed parakeets perhaps accompany Indian three-lined palm squirrels about, and yakshi statues in, the Ellora Caves in west India.

Indian ring-necked rose-ringed parakeets (Psittacula krameri manillensis) companionably enjoy feeding moments with Indian three-striped palm squirrels (Funambulus palmarum) in Cubbon Park (officially: Sri Chamarajendra Park), central Bengaluru (Bangalore), Karnataka, southwestern India; Friday, Aug. 7, 2009: Ajith Kumar (Ajith_chatie), CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Flickr

Indian ring-necked, rose-ringed parakeets associate with Indian three-striped palm squirrels actually and yakshi statues artistically perhaps in the Ellora Caves, Maharashtra, west India, and in central and south India and Sri Lanka.

Indian ring-necked, rose-ringed parakeets and three-striped palm squirrels (Funambulus palmarum), perhaps brave deforested, open urbanization near Buddhist, Hindu and Jain cave temples in the Ellora Caves. They consume insect pests; plant nectar; and wild berries, blossoms, buds, fruits, nuts and seeds throughout their life cycles, especially during mating seasons December through January. Newborns develop, from one to seven-egg clutches incubated three weeks February through April in 14.88-inch (37.8-centimeter) deep nests at 20.99-foot (6.4-meter) above-ground heights, into seven-week-old fledglings.

Juvenile Indian ring-necked rose-ringed parakeets embrace the same colors and looks as physically and sexually mature females except that they exhibit grayer irises and paler beaks.

Indian ring-necked rose-ringed parakeets, featured scientifically by Johann Bechstein (July 11, 1757-Feb. 23, 1822), flourish plain cheeks and necks and short central tail feathers as females.

Indian ring-necked rose-ringed parakeets, Psittacula krameri manillensis (from Latin psittacus, "parrot" and -ula, "little") scientifically, get black-lined cheeks and necks and pink-collared, blue-naped necks as males. Wilhelm Kramer's (1724-Oct. 13, 1765) physically, sexually mature namesakes have rose-ringed eyes with white-yellow irises; black-tipped red upper and black-red lower mandibles; green-yellow faces and abdomens. They include olive-tinged green-white backs; bright green rumps and uppertail coverts; black-green greater coverts; black-margined black-green primaries and secondaries; gray-undersided flight feathers; and green-yellow underwing coverts.

Physically and sexually mature Indian ring-necked rose-ringed parakeets juggle long, pointed tails with blue-uppersided, green-yellow-tipped central and green-uppersided, olive-yellow-undersided outer feathers; and clawed, gray-green, three-toed feet.

Twenty-five to 30-year life cycles kindle average 16.5-inch (42-centimeter) head-body lengths and average 4.5-ounce (130-gram) weights in physically and sexually mature three-plus-year-old Indian ring-necked, rose-ringed parakeets.

Mature females log 0.71 to 0.88-inch (18 to 22.2-millimeter) bill, 5.63 to 5.98-inch (143 to 152-millimeter) wing and 6.97 to 9.45-inch (177 to 240-millimeter) tail lengths. Mature males manifest 0.71 to 0.88-inch (18 to 22.2-millimeter) bill, 5.66 to 6.18-inch (144 to 157-millimeter) wing and 7.64 to 10.95-inch (194 to 278-millimeter) tail lengths. They need 0.19 to 172.32-inch (5 to 4,377-millimeter) mean annual rainfall and mean annual temperatures between 46.94 and 85.46 degrees Fahrenheit (8.3 and 29.7 degrees Celsius).

Bogs, farmlands, forests, grasslands, marshes, plantations, rainforests, swamps and urban woodland gardens and parks through 6,561.68-foot (2,000-meter) altitudes above sea level occasion Indian ring-necked, rose-ringed parakeets.

Abyssinian rose-ringed parakeets (P. kramer parvirostris, by Charles de Souancé, May 2, 1823-Jan. 23, 1896) proliferate in northern Ethiopia; northwest Ethiopia; and Sennar district, southeast Sudan.

Fellow African rose-ringed parakeets (Psittacular krameri krameri, by Carl Linnaeus, May 23, 1707-Jan. 10, 1778) queue up from Guinea, Senegal and Mauretania through Sudan and Uganda. Fellow 16.93-inch (43-centimeter) long Neumann's boreal rose-ringed parakeets (P. krameri borealis, for Oscar Newmann, Sept. 3, 1867-May 17, 1946) roam central and north India and Nepal. Stable populations, steady birth rates and survivalist habitat tolerances suggest an International Union for Conservation of Nature status of least concern for Indian ring-necked, rose-ringed parakeets.

Indian ring-necked rose-ringed parakeets perhaps still transmit amid the Ellora Caves alarmed ak-ak-ak and krrr, rapid kew-kew-kew, screechy kee-ak and soft prrr sounds to yak-yak-yaking youngsters.

Foggy view from Ellora Caves reveals vegetation, including young plants and tree canopies, and moisture, which provide sustainable habitats for Indian ring-necked rose-ringed parakeets (Psittacula krameri manillensis); Ellora Caves, Maharashtra state, western peninsular India; Sunday, July 27, 2008, 16:44:38: Olof Werngren (olofw), CC BY SA 2.0 Generic, via Flickr

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

"About Ellora Caves." Yatra > Monuments of India > Monuments in Aurangabad. Copyrighted 2019.
Available @ https://www.yatra.com/indian-monuments/aurangabad/ellora-caves

"African Ringed-Neck Parakeet." Page 33. In: Angelika Lang. Exotic Birds from A to Z. English translation by Eric A. Bye. (Published originally under the title Ziervögel von A bis Z. München (Germany): Gräfe und Unzer Verlag GmbH, 2005.) Hauppage NY: Compass Guides, Barron's Educational Series, Inc., 2007.

Anh-Huong, Nguyen; and Thich Nhat Hanh. 2019. Walking Meditation. Boulder CO: Sounds True.

Barrett, Douglas. "Wall Painting (Second to Sixteenth Century)." Pages 17-48. In: Douglas Barrett and Basil Gray. Paintings of India. Treasures of Asia. Distributed in the United States by The World Publishing Company, Cleveland OH. Geneva, Switzerland: Editions d'Art Albert Skira, 1963.

Berkson, Carmel. Ellora Concept and Style. First Edition, 1992. Second Edition, 2004. New Delhi, India: Abhinav Publications.
Available via Google Books @ https://books.google.com/books/about/Ellora_Concept_and_Style.html?id=tH7KRNqIin4C

BirdLife International 2018. "Psittacula krameri." The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22685441A132057695. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22685441A132057695.en.
Available @ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22685441/132057695

Burgess, Jas. (James). Report on the Elura Cave Temples and the Brahmanical and Jain Caves of Western India. The Results of the Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh Seasons' Operations of the Archaeological Survey 1877-78, 1878-79, 1879-80. Supplementary to the Volume on "The Cave Temples of India." London [UK]: Trübner & Co., 1883.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.1544/page/n5/mode/1up

Cartwright, Mark. 8 March 2016. "Ellora Caves." Ancient History Encyclopedia > Article.
Available @ https://www.ancient.eu/article/874/ellora-caves/"Cave 19." The Ellora Caves.
Available @ https://elloracaves.org/caves.php?cmd=search&words=&image_ID=&cave_ID=19&plan_floor=1

Collar, N.; G.M. Kirwan; & P. Boesman. 2020. "Rose-Ringed Parakeet (Psittacular krameri)." In: del Hoyo, J.; A. Elliott; J. Sargatal; D.A. Christie; * E. de Juana. (Editors). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain: Lynx Edicions.
Available @ https://www.hbw.com/species/rose-ringed-parakeet-psittacula-krameri

"Cave 19." The Ellora Caves.
Available @ https://elloracaves.org/caves.php?cmd=search&words=&image_ID=&cave_ID=19&plan_floor=1

Cook, Sharell. Updated June 3, 2019. "Ajanta and Ellora Caves Essential Travel Guide." TripSavvy > Destinations > India > Maharashtra.
Available @ https://www.tripsavvy.com/ajanta-and-ellora-caves-travel-guide-1539340

Flory, Ashley. 2019. "Psittacula krameri" (Online). Animal Diversity Web. Ann Arbor MI: University of Michigan Museum of Zoology.
Available @ https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Psittacula_krameri/

Forshaw, Joseph M. "Psittaciformes Parrots (Psittacidae)." In: Michael Hutchins, Jerome A. Jackson, Walter J. Bock and Donna Olendorf, editors. Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. Second edition. Volume 9, Birds II: 275-298. Farmington Hills MI: Gale Group, 2002.

Forshaw, Joseph M. "Rose-Ringed Parakeet Psittacula krameri." In: Michael Hutchins, Jerome A. Jackson, Walter J. Bock and Donna Olendorf, editors. Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. Second edition. Volume 9, Birds II: 287. Farmington Hills MI: Gale Group, 2002.

Huntington, John C.; and Dina Bangdel. "Glossary M-Y." The Circle of Bliss: Buddhist Meditational Art.
Available @ https://huntingtonarchive.org/resources/downloads/COBGlossaryM-Y.pdf

"Interview with Shrikant Ganvir, Pune, January 2016." Sahapedia > Ellora Caves > Buddhist Caves of Ellora. Published 9 November 2016.
Available @ https://www.sahapedia.org/buddhist-caves-of-ellora

Ions, Veronica. 1967. Indian Mythology. London UK: Paul Hamlyn Limited.

Johnson, Sibylle. "Rose-Ringed Parakeets." Beauty of Birds.
Available @ https://www.beautyofbirds.com/roseringedringneck.html

Kannal, Deepak. 25 September 2017. "A Riddle Called Ellora." Sahapedia > Overview.
Available @ https://www.sahapedia.org/riddle-called-ellora

Lee, Eva. 17 February 2014. "Ellora Caves: Buddhist, Hindu, and Jain Coexistence." Eva Lee Studio.
Available @ http://www.evaleestudio.com/2014/02/12/ellora-caves-buddhist-hindu-and-jain-coexistence/

Malandra, Geri H. 1993. Unfolding a Mandala: The Buddhist Cave Temples at Ellora. Albany NY: State University of New York Press.
Available via Google Books @ https://books.google.com/books?id=MU44LPu3mbUC

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 April 2020. "Indian Three-Striped Palm Squirrels Augur the Hindu Ellora Caves." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/04/indian-three-striped-palm-squirrels.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 March 2020. "Ellora Caves Accept Walking Meditations Advocated by Thich Nhat Hanh." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/03/ellora-caves-accept-walking-meditations.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 March 2020. "Ellora Caves Ally with Ajanta Caves and Thich Nhat Hanh in Indra's Net." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/03/ellora-caves-ally-with-ajanta-caves-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 March 2020. "Ellora Caves Are Painted, Sculpted Temples Like and Unlike Ajanta Caves." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/03/ellora-caves-are-painted-sculpted.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 March 2020. "Ailing Ellora Caves Are Among Ameliorable World Heritage Centre Sites." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/03/ailing-ellora-caves-are-among.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 February 2020. "Schneider's Leaf-Nosed Bats Are Artful Annihilators at Ellora Caves." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/02/schneiders-leaf-nosed-bats-are-artful.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 February 2020. "Greater Indian False Vampire Bats Are Artful Assassins at Ellora Caves." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/02/greater-indian-false-vampire-bats-are.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 February 2020. "Are Grey Junglefowl Avoiding Artful Areas Around Ellora Caves?" Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/02/are-grey-junglefowl-avoiding-artful.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 February 2020. "Blue Indian Peafowl No Longer Prettify the Artistic Ellora Caves." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/02/blue-indian-peafowl-no-longer-prettify.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 January 2020. "Ellora Caves Sanctuary Gardens Artfully Adjoin Ellora Caves Artistry." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/01/ellora-caves-sanctuary-gardens-artfully.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 January 2020. "Ellora Caves Teak Forest Trees Anchor Ellora Caves Rain Gardens." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/01/ellora-caves-teak-forest-trees-anchor.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 January 2020. "Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings and Gardens and Bhimbetka Sanctuary Gardens." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/01/ajanta-cave-wall-paintings-and-gardens.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 January 2020. "Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings, Ajanta Rain Gardens, Bhimbetka Rain Gardens." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2020/01/ajanta-cave-wall-paintings-ajanta-rain.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 May 2019. "Thich Nhat Hanh, Indra's Net at Bat Nha and Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/05/thich-nhat-hanh-indras-net-at-bat-nha.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 April 2019. "Thich Nhat Hanh, Tu Hieu Temple Walks and Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/04/thich-nhat-hanh-tu-hieu-temple-walks.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 March 2019. "Thich Nhat Hanh, Walking Meditations and Ajanta Cave Wall Paintings." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2019/03/thich-nhat-hanh-walking-meditations-and.html

Narayana, Hari. 25 November 2012. "The Ellora Caves - An Introduction." India That Was: A Legacy Unfolded.
Available @ http://indiathatwas.com/2012/11/the-ellora-caves-an-introduction/

Owen, Lisa N. 2012. Carving Devotion in the Jain Caves at Ellora. Leiden, The Netherlands; and Boston MA: Brill.
Available via Google Books @ https://books.google.com/books?id=vHK2WE8xAzYC

Pereira, José. 1977. Monolithic Jinas: The Iconography of the Jain Temples of Ellora. Delhi, Varanasi and Patna, India: Motilal Banarsidass.
Available via Google Books @ https://books.google.com/books/about/Monolithic_Jinas.html?id=LMTgiygj4-oC

Poduval, Jayaram. 21 November 2018. "The Architecture of Ellora Caves." Sahapedia > Article.
Available @ https://www.sahapedia.org/the-architecture-of-ellora-caves

Rawson, Philip. "Eastern Art." Pages 256-299. In: David Piper. The Illustrated History of Art. London, England: Chancellor Press (Bounty Books), 2000.

Revire, Nicolas. 2011. "Some Reconsiderations of Pendant-Legged Buddha Images in the Dvāravatī Artistic Tradition." Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association 31: 37-49.
Available via Academia @ https://www.academia.edu/5735422/Some_Reconsiderations_on_Pendant-Legged_Buddha_Images_in_the_Dv%C4%81ravat%C4%AB_Artistic_Tradition

"Rose-Ringed Parakeet." Page 241. In: Philip Whitfield. (Consulting Editor). Birds. Edition updated by Richard Walker. Macmillan Illustrated Encyclopedia v. 2. New York NY: Macmillan Library Reference USA, 1999.

Scopoli, Ioannis Antonii. (Giovanni Antonio). 1769. "29. Psittacus krameri." Annus I. Historico-naturalis. Descriptiones avium musei proprii earumque rariorum, quas vidit in vivario Augustiss. Imperatoris, et in museo excell. comitis Francisci Annib. Turriani. Annus I: 31. Lipsiae (Leipzig, Germany): Christ. Gottlob Hilscheri, MDCCLXVIIII. DOI: 10.5962.bhl.title.44861.
Available @ https://archive.org/details/ioannisantonii00scop/page/n34/

Singh, Rajesh Kumar. 26 November 2019. "Obituary: Walter M. Spink (Feb 16, 1928 - Nov 24, 2019)." Caves of India > Walter Spink.
Available @ https://cavesofindia.org/2019/11/26/prof-spink/

Spink, Walter M. 1967. Ajanta to Ellora. Mumbai, India: Marg Publications.

Spink, Walter M. 1967. "Ellora's Earliest Phase." Off Print of the Bulletin of the American Academy of Benares 1: 11-22.

Strubbe, Diederik. 2009. "Psittacula krameri (Rose-Ringed Parakeet)." CAB International > Invasive Species Compendium > Datasheet.
Available @ https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/45158

"Tibetan + Sanskrit Words." Madhyamaka Introduction to the Middle Way > Study.
Available @ https://madhyamaka.com/study/tibetan-sanskrit/

Earth and Space News

Friday, April 10, 2020

Are Indian Ring-Necked Rose-Ringed Parakeets Still at Ellora Caves?

No comments:

Post a Comment