Bare-Rooted Ornamental Urban Transplants: Amendments Against Mortality

Summary: Biochar, organic fertilizer and slow-release molasses singly and together cut mortality rates for European pear bare-rooted ornamental urban transplants.

biochar, used in soil amendments; Wednesday, May 7, 2014, 17:31:11: Oregon Department of Forestry, CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Flickr

Bare-rooted ornamental urban transplants achieve growth and vitality through organic soil amendments and avoid high mortality rates in infertile, poor-structured soils, according to an article March 2016 in Arboriculture & Urban Forestry.

The article The Influence of Biochar, Slow-Release Molasses, and an Organic N:P:K Fertilizer on Transplant Survival of Pyrus communis 'Williams' Bon Chrétien' broaches bettering urban greenspaces. Co-authors Glynn Percival and Emma Schaffert of Bartlett Tree Experts Research Laboratory in Reading, Berkshire, United Kingdom, consider 30 to 50 percent greenscape transplant mortality rates.

Lifted bare-rooted ornamental stock declines from distorted root:shoot ratios and root defects such as circling and irregular lateral root elongation and die from desiccation and rough-handling. It expires from internal water deficits from insufficient uptake from poor root and soil contact from poor root system permeability from 98 percent large root loss.

Biochar, purified carbon from bamboo feedstock, fights against acidified soil structures and for soil productivity with compost-friendly, nutrient-retaining cation exchange capacity and drainage-friendly, moisture-percolating pore spaces. BOOST Organic Granular, with 9:6:3 nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratios, generates greened shoots and nutrient-retentive roots compared to soil-incorporated synthetic fertilizers' greater stem diameter, growth and height. Slow-release sugar compounds such as molasses help hypocotyl (lower stem) and shoot development and nutrient mobility since sugar hastens root-invigorating lateral root growth and root metabolism.

The study implements growth-stimulating purified carbon, organic N:P:K and slow-release molasses singly or together Feb. 22, 2010, and investigated Oct. 5, 2011, and Sept. 30, 2012. It juggles eight University of Reading Shinfield Experimental Field Site treatments for 10 each of Blackmoor Nurseries bare-rooted ornamental urban transplants pruned to 0:33 root:shoot ratios.

Site soils keep 4 to 6 percent organic matter, pH 6.4 and 46.1 sodium, 50.0 phosphorus, 182.3 magnesium, 667.5 potassium and 2,099 calcium milligrams per liter.

From most to least, BOOST with biochar, biochar, molasses with biochar, BOOST, BOOST with biochar and molasses, BOOST with molasses, and molasses launch crown canopy growth. From most to least, BOOST with biochar, BOOST, BOOST with molasses, BOOST with biochar and molasses, molasses with biochar, biochar, and molasses mobilize European pear yield.

From most to least, BOOST with biochar, BOOST, BOOST with biochar and molasses, BOOST with molasses, molasses with biochar, biochar, and molasses nurture tree-vitalizing leaf chlorophyll. From most to least, BOOST with biochar, BOOST with biochar and molasses, BOOST, BOOST with molasses, molasses with biochar, biochar, and molasses optimize fluorescence and photosynthesis.

Biochar with BOOST promotes two-season growth and vitality, respectively, by prompting canopy coverage and fruit yield and by provoking chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf chlorophyll and photosynthetic rates.

Biochar quells leaching of surplus nutrients and quickens nutrient retention while organic fertilizer quicksteps nutrient concentrations and organic matter content and sometimes queues up nitrogen excesses. It sometimes reveals nutrient drawdown and nitrogen immobilization, similar to leaf growth and photosynthesis gene-retarding, slow-release molasses sometimes repressing nutrient mobilization, in bare-rooted ornamental urban transplants. One-off applications of biochar stay 500 to 20,000 years in soil and support fertilizer efficiency, pore space, soil nutrient retention, soil structure and tissue nutrient concentrations.

BOOST with biochar and the six other amended treatments all turn first-year mortality rates for replanted bare-rooted ornamental urban transplants down from 20 to zero percent.

A study shows that soil amendments, especially BOOST with biochar, zap first-year mortality rates for bare-rooted, urban transplants of Pyrus communis 'Williams' Bon Chrétien,' the most commonly cultivated pear outside of Asia; ripe Pyrus communis 'Williams' Bon Chrétien,' Bromsash, Herefordshire, West Midlands, western central England; Sunday, Sep. 6, 2009, 13:40: Jonathan Billinger, CC BY SA 2.0 Generic, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to:
talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet;
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign for superior on-campus and on-line resources.

Image credits:

biochar, used in soil amendments; May 7, 2014, 17:31:11: Oregon Department of Forestry, CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/oregondepartmentofforestry/16637208254/

A study shows that soil amendments, especially BOOST with biochar, zap first-year mortality rates for bare-rooted, urban transplants of Pyrus communis 'Williams' Bon Chrétien,' the most commonly cultivated pear outside of Asia; ripe Pyrus communis 'Williams' Bon Chrétien,' Bromsash, Herefordshire, West Midlands, western central England; Sunday, Sep. 6, 2009, 13:40: Jonathan Billinger, CC BY SA 2.0 Generic, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ripe_Williams_pears_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1479876.jpg;
Jonathan Billinger, CC BY SA 2.0, via Geograph Britain and Ireland @ https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1479876

For further information:

Gilman, Ed. 2011. An Illustrated Guide to Pruning. Third Edition. Boston MA: Cengage.

Hayes, Ed. 2001. Evaluating Tree Defects. Revised, Special Edition. Rochester MN: Safe Trees.

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 February 2016. “Bark Protective Survival Mechanisms Foil Deprivation, Injury, Invasion.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/02/bark-protective-survival-mechanisms.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 January 2016. "LITA Model: Linear Index of Tree Appraisal of Large Urban Swedish Trees." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/01/lita-model-linear-index-of-tree.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 December 2015. “Tree Lightning Protection Systems: Site, Soil, Species True Designs.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/12/tree-lightning-protection-systems-site.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 October 2015. “Tree Lightning Protection Systems Tailored to Sites, Soils, Species.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/10/tree-lightning-protection-systems.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 August 2015. “Tree Friendly Urban Soil Management: Amend, Fertilize, Mulch, Till!” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/08/tree-friendly-urban-soil-management.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 June 2015. “Tree Friendly Urban Soil Management: Assemble, Assess, Assist, Astound.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/06/tree-friendly-urban-soil-management.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 April 2015. “Tree Wound Responses: Healthy Wound Closures by Callus and Woundwood.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/04/tree-wound-responses-healthy-wound.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 February 2015. “Urban Forest Maintenance and Non-Maintenance Costs and Benefits.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2015/02/urban-forest-maintenance-and-non.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 December 2014. “Tree Dwelling Symbionts: Dodder, Lichen, Mistletoe, Moss and Woe-Vine.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/12/tree-dwelling-symbionts-dodder-lichen.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 October 2014. “Tree Cable Installation Systems Lessen Target Impact From Tree Failure.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/10/tree-cable-installation-systems-lessen.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 August 2014. “Flood Tolerant Trees in Worst-Case Floodplain and Urbanized Scenarios.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/08/flood-tolerant-trees-in-worst-case.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 June 2014. “Integrated Vegetation Management of Plants in Utility Rights-of-Way.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/06/integrated-vegetation-management-of.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 April 2014. “Tree Twig Identification: Buds, Bundle Scars, Leaf Drops, Leaf Scars.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/04/tree-twig-identification-buds-bundle.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 February 2014. “Tree Twig Anatomy: Ecosystem Stress, Growth Rates, Winter Identification.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2014/02/tree-twig-anatomy-ecosystem-stress.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 December 2013. “Community and Tree Safety Awareness During Line- and Road-Clearances.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/12/community-and-tree-safety-awareness.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 October 2013. “Chain-Saw Gear and Tree Work Related Personal Protective Equipment.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/10/chain-saw-gear-and-tree-work-related.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 October 2013. “Storm Damaged Tree Clearances: Matched Teamwork of People to Equipment.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/10/storm-damaged-tree-clearances-matched.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 August 2013. “Storm Induced Tree Damage Assessments: Pre-Storm Planned Preparedness.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/08/storm-induced-tree-damage-assessments.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 June 2013. “Storm Induced Tree Failures From Heavy Tree Weights and Weather Loads.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/06/storm-induced-tree-failures-from-heavy.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 April 2013. “Urban Tree Root Management Concerns: Defects, Digs, Dirt, Disturbance.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/04/urban-tree-root-management-concerns.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 February 2013. “Tree Friendly Beneficial Soil Microbes: Inoculations and Occurrences.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2013/02/tree-friendly-beneficial-soil-microbes.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 December 2012. “Healthy Urban Tree Root Crown Balances: Soil Properties, Soil Volumes.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/12/healthy-urban-tree-root-crown-balances.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 October 2012. “Tree Adaptive Growth: Tree Risk Assessment of Tree Failure, Tree Strength.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/10/tree-adaptive-growth-tree-risk.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 August 2012. “Tree Risk Assessment Mitigation Reports: Tree Removal, Tree Retention?” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/08/tree-risk-assessment-mitigation-reports.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 June 2012. “Internally Stressed, Response Growing, Wind Loaded Tree Strength.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/06/internally-stressed-response-growing.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 April 2012. “Three Tree Risk Assessment Levels: Limited Visual, Basic and Advanced.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/04/three-tree-risk-assessment-levels.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 February 2012. “Qualitative Tree Risk Assessment: Risk Ratings for Targets and Trees.” Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/02/qualitative-tree-risk-assessment-risk.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 February 2012. “Qualitative Tree Risk Assessment: Falling Trees Impacting Targets.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2012/02/qualitative-tree-risk-assessment.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 December 2011. “Tree Risk Assessment: Tree Failures From Defects and From Wind Loads.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/12/tree-risk-assessment-tree-failures-from.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 October 2011. “Five Tree Felling Plan Steps for Successful Removals and Worker Safety.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/10/five-tree-felling-plan-steps-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 August 2011. “Natives and Non-Natives as Successfully Urbanized Plant Species.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/08/natives-and-non-natives-as-successfully.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 June 2011. “Tree Ring Patterns for Ecosystem Ages, Dates, Health and Stress.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/06/tree-ring-patterns-for-ecosystem-ages.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 April 2011. “Benignly Ugly Tree Disorders: Oak Galls, Powdery Mildew, Sooty Mold, Tar Spot.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/04/benignly-ugly-tree-disorders-oak-galls.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 February 2011. “Tree Load Can Turn Tree Health Into Tree Failure or Tree Fatigue.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/02/tree-load-can-turn-tree-health-into.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 December 2010. “Tree Electrical Safety Knowledge, Precautions, Risks and Standards.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/12/tree-electrical-safety-knowledge.html

Schaffert, Emma; and Glynn Percival. March 2016. "The Influence of Biochar, Slow-Release Molasses, and an Organic N:P:K Fertilizer on Transplant Survival of Pyrus communis 'Williams' Bon Chrétien.'" Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 42(2): 102-110.