Earth and Space News: June 2026

Thursday, June 11, 2026

White Cottongrass Announces Seasons by the Lake by Naja Lund Aparico

Summary: White cottongrass announces Seasons by the Lake: Adventures in Greenland by author Naja Lund Aparico and illustrator Alex Nees, Dial Books, March 17, 2026.

"God talks to human beings through many vectors: through each other, through organized religion, through the great books of those religions, through wise people, through art and music and literature and poetry, but nowhere with such detail and grace and color and joy as through creation. When we destroy a species, when we destroy a special place, we're diminishing our capacity to sense the divine, understand who God is and what our own potential is." Robert Francis Kennedy Jr., April 19, 2023, Boston Park Plaza Hotel, Back Bay, Boston, Massachusetts.

“And there’s many people out there who want us to move to the next planet already and I’m like, hang on, let’s not give up on this planet yet," William, Prince of Wales, July 31, 2023, Sorted Food food truck, London, England, United Kingdom.

White cottongrass announces Seasons by the Lake: Adventures in Greenland by author Naja Lund Aparico and illustrator Alex Nees, Dial Books for Young Readers, Penguin Random House imprint, Tuesday, March 17, 2026.

The afore-broached plant beautifies the front cover, the attributions page's other side; the summer-months page's fishing pond and perhaps the winter-months house page's kitchen wall-shelved houseplants. The ground cover also called Scheuchzer's (Johann Jakob Scheuchzer [Tue., Aug. 2, 1672-Tue., Jun 23, 1733]) cottongrass concentrates on Alaska, Arctic islands, Canada, Greenland, Iceland, Eurasia. The Unitedstatesian West's Rocky Mountains; the European South's Alps, Caucasus and Pyrenees mountains; the Ainu Mosir's ("human-being the-land-of") island Hokkaido's Mount Nutapukaushipe ("the-mountain-above-the-river") domicile disjunct dwellers.

The white-cottongrass biogeography embraces such altitude ranges as sea level through 13,000-foot (4,000-meter) heights even as white-cottongrass environments exact precipitation- and water body-enhanced moist, wet habitats.

Such habitats feature moist, wet marshes and meadows along inland lakes and ponds or mountain riverbeds; moist, wet gravel and sand substrata-lined edges of standing-water bodies.

White cottongrass growing in standing-water habitats gathers with such moisture-, wetness-guided plants as ground mosses and sedge-family co-member Carex aquatilis ("sedge water-dwelling"; Latin cārex aqua -ātilis). Water sedge, classified by Georg Göran Wahlenberg (Sun., Oct. 1, 1780-Sat., Mar 22, 1851) and hailed as leafy-tussock sedge, and white cottongrass host beautiful-colored body parts. The perennial herb identified commonly as white cottongrass initiates ground inhabitations by its rhizomes ("roots[-and-shoots-from-horizontal-underground--stem-nodes]"; Greek ῥίζωμα) even as its slender, tall stem itinerates thinly upward.

Author Naja Lund Aparico and illustrator Alex Nees jubilate white cottongrass joining Seasons by the Lake: Adventures in Greenland even as other Arctic-tolerant plants journey there.

A 2- to 3-year life-expectancy maximum as a perennial herb kindles white cottongrass keeping a mature stem, with black-tipped upper-leaf sheaths, 28 inches (70 centimeters) tall.

White cottongrass lodges lower leaves as rolled blades maximally 4.7 inches (12 centimeters) long even as the solitary flower-head inflorescence logs maximally 1.2-inch (3-centimeter) bristle lengths. The waterfowl snow geese ("swan blue[-morphing]"; Anser caerulescens) and the mammal muskox ("sheep-ox musk"; Ovibos moschatus) respectively munch white-cottongrass seeds and sweet-tasting cottongrass flowers, foliage, stems. Inuit Greenlanders such as perhaps the grandmother Aanaa and the mother nurse boot insoles, candle and lamp wicks, dressings and swabs from flowering, leafing white cottongrass.

Perhaps red-, silver-tinged bristles and white flowers obtained from white cottongrass occasion colorful mittens in Seasons by the Lake by Naja Lund Aparico and Alex Nees.

The tracheophyte ("windpipe-artery-plant"; Greek τραχεῖα ἀρτηρία φυτά) clade prioritizes providing plantwide minerals, photosynthetics and water even as the angiosperm ("container-seed"; ἀγγεῖον σπέρμα) clade prompts fruit-enclosed seeds.

Monotocyledon ("only-cuplike-cavity"; Greek μόνος κοτυληδών) cladeship qualifies white-cottongrass seedlings for embryonic-leafed seed even as commelinid (Jan Commelin['s] [1629-1692], Casper Commelin['s] [1667-1734]) cladeship queues ultraviolet-fluorescent ferulic acid. Poales ("fodder-/grass-/hay-pertaining"; Greek πόα; Latin -ālēs) ordership and carrotlike-, cluster-rooted Cyperaceae ("galingale Cyperus longus-resembling"; Greek κύπειρος; Latin -āceae) familyship respectively remedy nutrient-poor unstable and phosphorus-needy soils. Genus-specied Eriophorum scheuchzeri ("wool-bearer"; Greek ἐριοφόρος; David Heinrich Hoppe [Mon., Dec. 15, 1760-Sat., Aug. 1, 1846], 1800) unharmingly survives, with waterlogging-tolerant roots, cold, high-altitude, wet biogeographies.

Author Naja Lund Aparico and illustrator Alex Nees transmit tolerable, tough Seasons by the Lake: Adventures in Greenland through white cottongrass thriving outdoors summers, indoors winters.

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication

This post is dedicated to the memory of our beloved blue-eyed brother, Charles, who guided the creation of the Met Opera and Astronomy posts on Earth and Space News. We memorialized our brother in "Our Beloved Blue-Eyed Brother, Charles, With Whom We Are Well Pleased," published on Earth and Space News on Thursday, Nov. 18, 2021, an anniversary of our beloved father's death.

Image credits:

"White Cottongrass (Eriophorum scheuchzeri) photographed at roadside in Upernavik Kujalleq, Greenland," image obtained Tuesday, July 24, 2007, 16:06.: Kim Hansen (User:Slaunger), CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eriophorum_scheuchzeri_upernavik_kujalleq_2007-07-24_1.jpg

white cottongrass (Eriophorum scheuchzeri) on Ammassalik Island (Danish: Kong Oscars Ø "King Oscar Island"), southeast of Tiniteqilaaq Strait, Sermersooq Municipality (Greenlandic: Kommuneqarfik Sermersooq; Danish: Sermersooq Kommune), East Greenland; image obtained Wednesday, Aug. 15, 2018, 18:57.: Christoph Strässler, CC BY SA 2.0 Générique, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cotton_Grass_on_Ammassalik_Island,_East_Greenland.jpg;
Christoph Strässler (Christoph Strässler), CC BY SA 2.0 Generic, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/christoph_straessler/

"Scheuchzers Wollgras Eriophorum scheuchzeri Hoppe" (first two left columns, 1a-1d), illustrated by Bavarian botanical and entomological engraver Jacob Sturm (March 21, 1771-Nov. 28, 1848), in Jacob Sturm and Johann Georg Sturm (March 9, 1742-April 9, 1793), Deutschlands Flora in Abbildungen (1796), Tafel 16, Seite 79.: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eriophorum_spp_Sturm16.jpg;
Jacob Sturm, Johann Georg Sturm, Deutschlands Flora in Abbildungen Taflen, "GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation," via BioLib.de @ http://www.biolib.de/sturm/flora/sturm.pdf

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"Ord. III. ABD. G 37. Squalus. *29. MICROCEPHALUS. S. capite et pinnis parvis, dentibus parvis, compreſſis, acie lata, hamata, naribus terminalibus, pinna dorſali paulum poſt baſin pectoralium, meſsura poſt ventralium lineam perpendicularem poſita, omnibus remotiſſimis, ano pinnae caudali vicino, cauda brevi.
Habitat in mari glaciali.
Exemplum meum 13 pedes longum."
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Marriner, Derdriu. 11 June 2026. "White Cottongrass Announces Seasons by the Lake by Naja Lund Aparico." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/06/white-cottongrass-announces-seasons-by.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 June 2026. "Arctic Hares Abide All Seasons by the Lake by Naja Lund Aparico." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/06/arctic-hares-abide-all-seasons-by-lake.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 May 2026. "Snow Buntings Aerialize, Aestheticize and Announce Seasons by the Lake." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/05/snow-buntings-aerialize-aestheticize.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 May 2026. "A Greenland Dog Assures Safe Seasons by the Lake by Naja Lund Aparico." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/05/a-greenland-dog-assures-safe-seasons-by.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 May 2026. "Arctic Fritillary Ages Seasons by the Lake by Naja Lund Aparico." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/05/arctic-fritillary-ages-seasons-by-lake.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 May 2026. "Where Are the Greenlanders in Seasons by the Lake by Naja Lund Aparico?" Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/05/where-are-greenlanders-in-seasons-by.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 April 2026. "What Languages Are in Seasons by the Lake by Naja Lund Aparico?" Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/04/what-languages-are-in-seasons-by-lake.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 April 2026. "What Foods Are in Seasons by the Lake by Naja Lund Aparico?." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/04/what-foods-are-in-seasons-by-lake-by.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 April 2026. "Daily Activities Allay Seasons by the Lake by Naja Lund Aparico." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/04/daily-activities-allay-seasons-by-lake.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 April 2026. "Green and White Colors Anchor Seasons by the Lake by Naja Lund Aparico." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/04/green-and-white-colors-anchor-seasons.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 April 2026. "Greenland Attire Appears in Seasons by the Lake by Naja Lund Aparico." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/04/greenland-attire-appears-in-seasons-by.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 March 2026. "Seasons by the Lake Acquaints Us With Greenland Houses, Inside and Out." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/03/seasons-by-lake-acquaints-us-with.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 March 2026. "Naja Lund Aparico Avails Seasons by the Lake Tuesday, March 17, 2026." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/03/naja-lund-aparico-avails-seasons-by.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 September 2025. "Arctic Chill and Arctic Thaw Affix Greenland in The Winds of Change." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/09/arctic-chill-and-arctic-thaw-affix.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 September 2025. "Oils Are Why Greenland Sharks Are in Greenland by Jean F. Blashfield." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/09/oils-are-why-greenland-sharks-are-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 August 2025. "Arctic Thaw Awaits Greenland Sharks in Ocean by Miezan van Zyl." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/08/arctic-thaw-awaits-greenland-sharks-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 August 2025. "Greenland Sharks Not Polar Thaw Awe The Ocean by Miranda Krestovnikoff." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/08/greenland-sharks-not-polar-thaw-awe.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 August 2025. "The Illustrated Atlas of Wildlife Adds Arctic Thaw to Greenland Sharks." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 7 August 2025. "Arctic Thaw Affects No Greenland Sharks in Everything About Sharks." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/08/arctic-thaw-affects-no-greenland-sharks.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 July 2025. "Greenland Sharks Age Despite or Due to Arctic Thaw in Mission: Arctic." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/07/greenland-sharks-age-despite-or-due-to.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 July 2025. "Arctic Thaw Aggresses Greenland Sharks in The Ultimate Book of Sharks." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/07/arctic-thaw-aggresses-greenland-sharks.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 July 2025. "People, Not Arctic Thaw, Aggress Greenland Sharks in 100 Facts/Sharks." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/07/people-not-arctic-thaw-aggress.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 July 2025. "Pores Aid Greenland Sharks During Climate Change in South with the Sun." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 3 July 2025. "Greenland Sharks Maybe Avoid Arctic Thaw as Greenland Ice Melt in Ice." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/07/greenland-sharks-maybe-avoid-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 June 2025. "The Secret History of Sharks Absents Arctic Thaw From Greenland Sharks." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/06/the-secret-history-of-sharks-absents.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 June 2025. "Arctic Thaw Aids No Overfished Greenland Sharks in Vanishing Treasures." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/06/arctic-thaw-aids-no-overfished.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 June 2025. "No Arctic Thaws Ax Greenland Sharks in Sharks and Other Dangerous Fish." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/06/no-arctic-thaws-ax-greenland-sharks-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 June 2025. "Arctic Thaw Alarms No Greenland Sharks in Fantastic Facts About Sharks." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/06/arctic-thaw-alarms-no-greenland-sharks.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 May 2025. "Arctic Thaw Ails No Overfished Greenland Sharks in How Old Is a Whale." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 22 May 2025. "Men With Chains, Hooks, Pollution Ail Greenland Sharks in Shark Drunk." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/05/men-with-chains-hooks-pollution-ail.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 May 2025. "Overkilling Afflicts Greenland Sharks in Shark by Dr Miranda Macquitty." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/05/overkilling-afflicts-greenland-sharks.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 May 2025. "Overfishing Affects Greenland Sharks in Shark by Dr Miranda Macquitty." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/05/overfishing-affects-greenland-sharks-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 May 2025. "Greenland Sharks Are in Can't Get Enough Shark Stuff by Kelly Hargrave." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 24 April 2025. "Jonathan Sheikh-Miller, Monica Tamariz Avail Tiburones Greenland Shark." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/04/jonathan-sheikh-miller-monica-tamariz.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 April 2025. "George W Benz Authors Greenland Shark for Grzimek's Animal Life." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2025/04/george-w-benz-authors-greenland-shark.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 April 2025. "Super Shark by Derek Harvey Airs Greenland Sharks Without Arctic Thaw." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 3 April 2025. "Greenland Sharks in The Shark Handbook by Dr Skomal Avoid Arctic Thaw." Earth and Space News. Thursday.
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Sunday, June 7, 2026

Audubon Birds and Nature Calendar Assigns Wilson's Plovers June 2026

Summary: Audubon Birds and Nature Calendar assigns Wilson's plovers June 2026 in National Audubon Society's Audubon Protecting Birds and Nature calendar series.

Audubon Birds and Nature Calendar assigns Wilson's plovers, mid-, southeast-Atlantic, northeast-, north-, northwest-Caribbean Unitedstatesian and California-peninsular, Pacific-coastal Mexican shorebirds, June 2026 in National Audubon Society's Audubon Protecting Birds and Nature calendar series.

Being genus-specied Charadrius wilsonia ("healing-powered-mythical-bird," Greek χαραδριός ["dry-riverbed," χαράδρα]) bases Wilson's plovers in the Charadriiformes ("plover-shaped," Latin charadrius fōrmēs) order's Charadriidae ("[Eurasian-stone-curlew-Burhinus-oedicnemus-]plover-appearing/-resembling," Latin charadrius -idæ) family. Unitedstatesian-zoologist George Ord (Sun., Mar 4, 1781-Wed., Jan. 24, 1866) calling the species wilsonia commemorates Scottish-American ornithologist Alexander Wilson (Sun., Jul 6, 1766-Mon., Aug. 23, 1813). Charadrius wilsonia beldingi (Lyman Belding [Fri., Jun 12, 1829-Thur., Nov. 22, 1917]; Robert Ridgway [Tues., Jul 2, 1850-Mon., Mar 25, 1929]) designates Pacific-coastal Mexican, peninsular-Californian subspecies.

Long-, stout-, straight-billed Wilson's plovers eat crustacean ("shell's," Latin crusta -acea), insect, mollusk ("soft-/thin-shelled," Latin molluscus) and worm prey and such hard-shelled crabs as fiddler crabs.

"Range map of Wilson's plover"; purple: Year-round, orange: Breeding. "Adapted from: BirdLife International. 2016. Charadrius wilsonia. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22693774A93421931. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22693774A93421931.en.": Simon Pierre Barrette (Cephas), CC BY SA 4.0 International, via Wikimedia Commons

Mid-Atlantic through Florida-tip, north-Caribbean and southeast-Texas coastlines figure as breeding, migrating flyways favored by Wilson's plovers even as afore-featured Caribbean-coastal Texas through Florida fulfill overwintering functions.

Breeding grounds go from coastal-south Maryland and New Jersey coastally southward through and along coastal-east Florida, northward along peninsular Florida and coastally westward along coastal-southeast Texas. North-American Caribbean-Sea and southeast-Atlantic coasts house mud- and saltwater-flat, open-beach, overwash-area, vegetated-dune habitats even as such coastlines herald loose-colony and low-tide foraging Wilson's plovers shallow-scrape nest-housing. Physical and sexual maturity impels one breeding interlude, April through June, even as that interval's four 1.41732283- by 1.02362205-inch (36- by 26-millimeter) egg-maximum imperils already-declining populations.

Audubon Birds and Nature Calendar in National Audubon Society's Audubon Protecting Birds and Nature calendar series jubilates June 2026, month three in Wilson's plovers breeding-season trio.

Coastal reefs, sand dunes and shingle beaches kindle driftwood-, grass tuft-, open ground-kept pebble- and shell-fragment nests kept together, or not, with pebble- and shell-fragment lining.

Wilson's-plover mothers-to-be launch daylight-laying and day-time lodging their eggs even as Wilson's-plover fathers-to-be log nightly nest-locating and nest-lodging and looking after single-brooded eggs, hatchlings, nestlings, fledglings. They manage 24- to 25-day-incubating two to four black- to silver-blotched, scrawled, speckled, spotted, buff-cream, buff-white to cream, non- to somewhat-glossy, oval to short-oval, smooth eggs. Downy, precocial ("before I-ripen," Latin prǣ- coquō), black-paired flanks-, mid-to-lower-back-, tail-, wing-lined; black-speckled, irregular-paired crown-lined; buff-white-headed, back-headed, underside-headed; silver-faced, silver-undersided, white-collared hatchlings nestle elsewhere for 21-day-fledging.

Audubon Birds and Nature Calendar in National Audubon Society's Audubon Protecting Birds and Nature calendar series overlaps June 2026 and Wilson's plovers in last-chance, third-month single-broodability.

Wilson's plovers peregrinate hastily, horizontally, preferably proximitously to ground surfaces even as they prioritize direct, fast flight patterns whose ground-surface proximitousness protects them from predatory pursuers.

Mature females quarter adult-male colors and patterns even as they queue less contrast in head-color patterns and often-incomplete brow breastbands with minimal, or without any, black. Mature males reveal black breastbands, eyes, heavily long, stout bills; white eyebrows, foreheads, throats, underparts; brown upperparts; black-edged, white-barred brown wings; dusky-banded, white-edged tails; pink-legged pink-footedness. Physical, sexual maturity secures 6.5- to 8-inch (16- to 20-centimeter) body, 15.5- to 19.5-inch (39- to 49-centimeter) wingspan lengths; 2- to 2.5-ounce (55- to 70-gram) weights.

Audubon Birds and Nature Calendar teams June 2026 and Wilson's plovers even as the latter tone buzzy-descending, rattle-seried distraction; "peet"-short, "tweet"-slurred whistled-alarm; "pi-dit," short-"pip" flight calls.

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication

French-American artist, explorer, naturalist and ornithologist John James Audubon (born Jean-Jacques Rabin; April 26, 1785-Jan. 27, 1851) backgrounded his description of Wilson's plovers with memories of observations ". . . on some of the sandy shores between South Carolina and the extremity of Florida . . . . The air is warm and pleasant, the smooth sea reflects the feeble glimmerings of the fading stars . . . And here am I, inhaling the grateful sea-air, with eyes intent on the dim distance . . . . and on my ear comes the well known note of the bird which bears the name of one whom every ornithologist must honour. Long have I known the bird myself, and yet desirous of knowing it better, I have returned to this beach many successive seasons for the purpose of observing its ways, examining its nest, marking the care with which it rears its young, and the attachment which it manifests to its mate" (John James Audubon, The Birds of America: From Drawings Made in the United States and Their Territories, vol. V [1842], pages 214-215).
Female (left) and male (right) Wilson's plovers (Anarhynchus wilsonia), under protonym Charadrius Wilsonius, illustrated by John James Audubon and lithographed by England-born, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania-based lithographer John T. Bown (ca. 1801-1856), in The Birds of America, vol. V (1842), No. 64 Plate 319, opposite page 214.:
Biodiversity Heritage Library (BioDivLibrary), Public Domain, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/61021753@N02/8590152468/;
Smithsonian Library and Archives, Not in copyright, via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40419839;
Not in copyright, via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/birdsofamericafr05audu/page/n296/mode/1up;
"Wilson's Plover 1834," John James Audubon, Birds of America (1834), via University of Pittsburgh Library System (ULS) Digital Collections @ https://digital.library.pitt.edu/islandora/object/pitt%3Aaud0209;
John James Audubon, Birds of America (1834), Plate CCIX (209): University of Pittsburg, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:209_Wilson's_Plover.jpg

On Thursday, Oct. 23, 2014, the first observation of breeding by Wilson's plover (Charadrius wilsonia) on Coroa do Avião, a sandbar at the southern mouth of Canal de Santa Cruz (Santa Cruz Channel), Igarassu municipality, Pernambuco state, northeastern coastal Brazil, was recorded, as noted by Brazilian ornithologist and ecologist Luciano Pires Andrade and six co-authors in "Records of breeding in Wilson's Plover Charadrius wilsonia with new localities for Brazil," Brazilian Journal of Biology (BJB), vol. 80, issue 1 (February 2020). The breeding pair was identified as Charadrius wilsonia brasiliensis, a new subspecies described in 2008 by Rolf Grantsau and Pedro C. Lima and "known to breed on the coasts of north and east Brazil" (page 82 [2/6]).
"Nest of Charadrius wilsonia and brooding male on Coroa do Avião Island, Igarassu, Brazil," in L.P. (Luciano Pires) Andrade et al., Figure 3, page 83 (3/6); image obtained Thursday, Feb. 28, 2019, 10:30.: Wallace Rodrigues Telino Júnior, CC BY 1.0 Generic, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ninho_com_ovos_e_macho_incubando.jpg;
L. P. Andrade, R. M. (Rachel Maria) Lyra-Neves, H. M. L. S. (Horasa Maria Lima da Silva) Andrade, U. P. (Ulysses Paulino) de Albuquerque, A. J. S. Siqueira, A. (Anderson) Guzzi and W. R. (Wallace Rodrigues) Telino-Júnior, "Records of breeding in Wilson’s Plover Charadrius wilsonia with new localities for Brazil," Brazilian Journal of Biology, vol. 80, número 1 (February 2020): 81-86, CC BY 4.0 International, via ResearchGate @ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332512152_Records_of_breeding_in_Wilson's_Plover_Charadrius_wilsonia_with_new_localities_for_Brazil;
R. Grantsau and P.C. Lima, "Uma nova subespécie de Charadrius wilsonia (Aves, Charadriiformes) para o Brasil," Atualidades Ornitológicas, vol. 142 (2008): 4-5;
Pedro C. Lima and Vítor Q. Piacentini, "Obituary: Rolf Karl Heinz Grantsau (1928–2015)," Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia, vol. 23, issue 2 (June 2015): 87-89, CC BY 4.0 International, via ResearchGate @ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339049866_Obituary_Rolf_Karl_Heinz_Grantsau_1928-2015

Wilson's plover (Charadrius wilsonia) (figure 5; right), facing Purple Gallinule (figure 2; center); "Drawn from nature by A. Wilson," frontispiece, in American Ornithology or, the Natural History of the Birds of the United States, vol. 9 (1814).: Smithsonian Libraries and Archives, Public Domain, via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/46337935;
Biodiversity Heritage Library (BioDivLibrary), Public Domain, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/biodivlibrary/50086824381/

In 1814 American zoologist George Ord, Jr. (March 4, 1781-Jan. 24, 1866) completed and published the eighth and ninth volumes of the nine-volume American Ornithology that had been left unfinished by his recently deceased friend, Scottish-American avian illustrator and ornithologist Alexander Wilson (July 6, 1766-Aug. 23, 1813). The descriptions that Ord wrote for the ninth volume included a new species of wading bird assigned by Ord the name of Wilson's plover (Charadrius wilsonia) to honor Wilson. Wilson's illustration of the new bicoastal North and South American shorebird appeared as the frontispiece for the ninth volume (Alexander Wilson, American Ornithology, vol. IX, 1814).
unattributed, undated portrait of Alexander Wilson, in William Jay Youmans, ed., Popular Science Monthly, vol. XXXVI (January 1890), opposite page 289.: MBLWHOI Library (Marine Biological Laboratory Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1843684;
MBLWHOI Library (Marine Biological Laboratory Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/popularsciencemo36newy/page/n301/mode/1up;
Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PSM_V36_D302_Alexander_Wilson.jpg;
George Ord, "Wilson's Plover. Charadrius wilsonia. [Plate LXXIII. -- Fig. 5]," American Ornithology or, the Natural History of the Birds of the United States: Illustrated With Plates Engraved and Colored from Original Drawings taken from Nature by Alexander Wilson, vol. IX (1814): 77–78, Smithsonian Libraries and Archives, Public Domain, via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/46338010; illustration of Wilson's plover, frontispiece, @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/46337935

For further information:

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 June 2026. "Audubon Birds and Nature Calendar Assigns Wilson's Plovers June 2026." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/06/audubon-birds-and-nature-calendar.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 April 2026. "Audubon Birds and Nature Calendar Augurs Abundant Mallards April 2026." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/04/audubon-birds-and-nature-calendar.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 March 2026. "Audubon Birds and Nature Calendar Avails Us Blue Jays as March 2026." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/03/no-total-lunar-eclipse-affects-bishop.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 February 2026. "Snow Geese as February 2026 Awe Audubon Birds and Nature Calendar." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/02/snow-geese-as-february-2026-awe-audubon.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 January 2026. "Pyrrhuloxia as January 2026 Awe Audubon Birds and Nature Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2026/01/pyrrhuloxia-as-january-2026-awe-audubon.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 December 2024. "Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2024 Aces Wild December as Awesome Denali, Area of Drunken Forest White Spruce." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 November 2024. "Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2024 Allies With November Polar Bears, Ringed Seal Predators." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/11/audubon-arctic-wall-calendar-2024.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 October 2024. "Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2024 Airs Willow Ptarmigans for October." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/10/audubon-arctic-wall-calendar-2024-airs.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 September 2024. "Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2024: Dall Sheep at September Snow Willow." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/09/audubon-arctic-wall-calendar-2024-dall.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 August 2024. "Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2024 Arctic Terns Above August Nagoon?" Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/08/are-audubon-arctic-wall-calendar-2024.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 July 2024. "Ivishak River Acts as Wild July on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2024." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/07/ivishak-river-acts-as-wild-july-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 May 2024. "Beluga Whales Awe Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2024 as Wild May." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/05/beluga-whales-awe-audubon-arctic-wall.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 March 2024. "Baffin Bay Agrees as Wild March With Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2024." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/03/baffin-bay-agrees-as-wild-march-with.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 February 2024. "Tufted Puffins Add Wild February to Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2024." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2024/02/tufted-puffins-add-wild-february-to.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 December 2023. "Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 Assigns Snowy Owls to December Birds." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/12/audubon-arctic-wall-calendar-2022.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 December 2023. "Spectacled Eiders Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 December Birds." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/12/spectacled-eiders-are-audubon-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 November 2023. "Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 Adds Mount Katmai to Wild November." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/11/audubon-arctic-wall-calendar-2022-adds.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 October 2023. "Caribou Abound as Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 October Animals." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/10/caribou-abound-as-audubon-arctic-wall.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 October 2023. "Red-Necked Phalaropes, Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 October Birds." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/10/red-necked-phalaropes-audubon-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 September 2023. "Brown Bears Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 September Animals." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/09/brown-bears-are-audubon-arctic-wall.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 September 2023. "Polar Bears Act as Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 September Animals." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/09/polar-bears-act-as-audubon-arctic-wall.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 August 2023. "Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 Augurs King Eiders as August Birds." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/08/audubon-arctic-wall-calendar-2022.html#google_vignette

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 August 2023. "Savannah Sparrows Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 August Birds." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/08/savannah-sparrows-are-audubon-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 July 2023. "Kenai Peninsula Awes, As Wild July, Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/07/kenai-peninsula-awes-as-wild-july.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 June 2023. "Buff-Breasted Sandpipers, Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 June Birds." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/06/buff-breasted-sandpipers-audubon-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 June 2023. "Rock Ptarmigans Act as June Birds on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/06/rock-ptarmigans-act-as-june-birds-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 May 2023. "Moose Appear as May Animals on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/05/moose-appear-as-may-animals-on-audubon.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 April 2023. "Brooks Range Acts as Wild April on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/04/brooks-range-acts-as-wild-april-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 April 2023. "Arctic Terns Are April Birds on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/04/arctic-terns-are-april-birds-on-audubon.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 March 2023. "Western Sandpipers Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 March Birds." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/03/western-sandpipers-are-audubon-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 March 2023. "Baffin Island Wolves Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 Wild March." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/03/baffin-island-wolves-are-audubon-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 February 2023. "Musk Ox, Muskox Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar February 2022 Animals." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/musk-ox-muskox-are-audubon-arctic-wall.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 February 2023. "Red-Throated Loons Are Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023 February Birds." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/red-throated-loons-are-audubon-arctic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 January 2023. "Mallard Ducks Aced Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2022 as January Birds." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/mallard-ducks-aced-audubon-arctic-wall.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 January 2023. "Red Foxes Are January Wildlife on Audubon Arctic Wall Calendar 2023." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/red-foxes-are-january-wildlife-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 December 2022. "Dark-Eyed Juncos Are December Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/12/dark-eyed-juncos-are-december-birds-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 November 2022. "Eared Grebes Are November Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/11/eared-grebes-are-november-birds-on-2022.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 October 2022. "Barred Owls Are October Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/10/barred-owls-are-october-birds-on-2022.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 September 2022. "Brown Pelicans Are September Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/09/brown-pelicans-are-september-birds-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 August 2022. "Allen’s Hummingbirds Are August Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/08/allens-hummingbirds-are-august-birds-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 July 2022. "Reddish Egrets Are July Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/07/reddish-egrets-are-july-birds-on-2022.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 June 2022. "American Oystercatchers Are June Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/06/american-oystercatchers-are-june-birds.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 May 2022. "Rose-Breasted Grosbeaks Are May Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/05/rose-breasted-grosbeaks-are-may-birds.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 April 2022. "Crested Caracaras Appear as April Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Sunday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/04/crested-caracaras-appear-as-april-birds.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 March 2022. "Cerulean Warblers Are March Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/03/cerulean-warblers-are-march-birds-on.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 February 2022. "Northern Bobwhites Are February Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/02/northern-bobwhites-are-february-birds.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 January 2022. "Florida Scrub-Jays Are January Birds on the 2022 Audubon Calendar." Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/01/florida-scrub-jays-are-january-birds-on.html