Street and Park Tree Inventories Since 1902 Assess Trees in Ithaca, NY

Summary: Street and park tree inventories since 1902 assess trees in Ithaca, NY, according to an article in Arboriculture & Urban Forestry for January 2021.

Norway maple (Acer platanoides) is not native to New York, even though it is listed as the leading street tree in all seven of the inventories of Ithaca between 1902 and 2019; Isaac Hicks and Sons, Trees for Long Island (1908), page 2: Biodiversity Heritage Library (BioDivLibrary), Public Domain, via Flickr

Street and park tree inventories since 1902 assess urban trees in Ithaca, NY, according to F.D. Cowett, N.L. Bassuk, J. Grace and K. Vorstadt in Arboriculture & Urban Forestry for January 2021.

The article Tracking Changes to Urban Trees over 100 Years in Ithaca, NY, USA broaches understanding population structure through municipal management’s street and park tree inventories. Tree inventories communicate age, density, diversity and species composites less challenged by costliness than by human-, nature-, time-caused changes and non-comparable data-collecting methods, personnel and variables. Unknown personnel, city forester, students and certified arborists respectively delivered 1902-dated tree inventory summaries, 1928-1947-dated individual records, 1987-dated summaries and 1996-, 2006-, 2013-, 2019-dated individual records.

First, third, fourth through seventh binomial-examining and second genus-examining inventories enumerated 5,621 and 5,303 street, 9,859, 11,028, 10,695, 10,895 street and park and 5,195 street trees.

First, second and third inventories furnished no diameters at 4.5-foot (1.37-meter) breast height (DBH) or tree locations; individual DBH locationally mapped; and DBH profiles without locations.

Four inventories, from 1996, 2006, 2013 and 2019, generated trunk measurements and tree locations as individual DBH and Global Positioning System (GPS) points and street addresses. Two Cornell University School of Integrative Plant Science and two City of Ithaca Parks & Forestry Division analysts harvested Bray-Curtis Index for dissimilar/similar genus and species. Respective Bray-Curtis Index values of 0.630 and 0.667 for street and park tree genera and species indicate dissimilar compositions and perhaps imply dissimilar, separate management strategies.

All street and park tree inventories judged trees by genus even as none journeyed through natural woodlands or, until 1996, judged tree-stocking levels by tree-planting spaces.

Aging, unsustainable versus sustainable, young tree populations graphically kindle respectively flat-shaped, humped distributions in mid-sized DBH classes versus descending distributions from small- to large-sized DBH classes.

Maple (Acer), Norway maple (Acer platanoides) and crabapple (Malus) lead street and park tree genus since 1902, street species since 1987 and park species since 1996. Falling percentages of Norway and sugar (Acer saccharum) maples and rising percentages of crabapple and London planetree (Platanus x acerifolia) mean rising street tree species diversity. Falling percentages of maple trees net rising street tree genus diversity even as rising percentages of oak (Quercus) trees nourish street and park tree genus diversity.

Falling percentages of crabapple trees and of apple (Malus) and pine (Pinus) trees in street and park tree inventories optimize park tree species and genus diversity.

Bray-Curtis, Inverse Simpson, Shannon-Wiener and Simpson diversity indices and Effective Diversity and Evenness measures present increasing street and park tree genus and species diversity since 1902.

Street and park trees queue up sustainable tree populations in their reverse J-shaped curves quantifying most trees in smaller-sized classes on DBH size class distribution graphs. The DBH size class distribution curve for the 2019 street and park tree inventory contrastingly reveals profiles reminiscent of the 1928-1947 inventory and the 1987 inventory. The Ithaca study structured DBH classes starting at 0-inch (0-centimeter), 6-inch (15.2-centimeter), 12-inch (30.5-centimeter), 18-inch (45.7-centimeter), 24-inch (61-centimeter), 30-inch (76.2-centimeter), 36-inch (91.4-centimeter) and 42-plus-inch (106.7-plus-centimeter) sizes.

Street and park tree inventories transmit too few trees in the smallest sizes even as 2019 tree-stocking levels topped national and, by 4 percent, 2016 levels.

Flowering crabapple includes three species native to North America, even though it is not specified in the study which species are included in the designation of flowering crabapple as the leading park tree in Ithaca since the 1996 inventory; flowering crabapple (Malus 'Centurion'), New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, The Bronx, New York; Tuesday, Jan. 1, 1980, 00:02:59: Ryan Somma, CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Flickr

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Image credits:

Norway maple (Acer platanoides) is not native to New York, even though it is listed as the leading street tree in all seven of the inventories of Ithaca between 1902 and 2019; Isaac Hicks and Sons, Trees for Long Island (1908), page 2: Biodiversity Heritage Library (BioDivLibrary), Public Domain, via Flickr @ https://m.flickr.com/photos/biodivlibrary/16131143456/; Public Domain, via Biodiversity Heritage Library @ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/46112702

Flowering crabapple includes three species native to North America, even though it is not specified in the study which species are included in the designation of flowering crabapple as the leading park tree in Ithaca since the 1996 inventory; flowering crabapple (Malus 'Centurion'), New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, The Bronx, New York; Tuesday, Jan. 1, 1980, 00:02:59: Ryan Somma, CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/ideonexus/6087110090/

For further information:

Cowett, F.D.; N.L. Bassuk; J. Grace; and K. Vorstadt. January 2021. "Tracking Changes to Urban Trees over 100 Years in Ithaca, NY, USA." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 47(1): 3-24.

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Isaac Hicks and Sons. 1908. Trees for Long Island. 1908 Edition. Westbury Station, Long Island, NY: Isaac Hicks and Sons.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 15 October 2011. “Five Tree Felling Plan Steps for Successful Removals and Worker Safety.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/10/five-tree-felling-plan-steps-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 August 2011. “Natives and Non-Natives as Successfully Urbanized Plant Species.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/08/natives-and-non-natives-as-successfully.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 June 2011. “Tree Ring Patterns for Ecosystem Ages, Dates, Health and Stress.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/06/tree-ring-patterns-for-ecosystem-ages.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 April 2011. “Benignly Ugly Tree Disorders: Oak Galls, Powdery Mildew, Sooty Mold, Tar Spot.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/04/benignly-ugly-tree-disorders-oak-galls.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 February 2011. “Tree Load Can Turn Tree Health Into Tree Failure or Tree Fatigue.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2011/02/tree-load-can-turn-tree-health-into.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 December 2010. “Tree Electrical Safety Knowledge, Precautions, Risks and Standards.” Earth and Space News. Saturday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2010/12/tree-electrical-safety-knowledge.html