Earth and Space News

Thursday, July 27, 2023

Heinrich Schliemann Quickly Found Marble Head of Cleopatra in 1888

Summary: Troy discoverer Heinrich Schliemann quickly found a marble head of Cleopatra in 1888 in Alexandria in fulfillment of a wish that he expressed in 1887.

Ancient Troy believer and discoverer Heinrich Schliemann quickly found a marble head of Cleopatra in 1888 at ancient Alexandria's palace of the Ptolemies in an astonishingly rapid fulfillment of a wish that he had expressed in 1887.

In a letter dated Sunday, May 1, 1887, German businessman, archaeology pioneer and ancient Troy discoverer Johann Ludwig Heinrich Julius Schliemann (Jan. 6, 1822-Dec. 26, 1890) expressed his desire to discover some statues ("einige Statuen") of Ptolemaic Queen Cleopatra VII Philopator (Ancient Greek: Κλεοπάτρα Φιλοπάτωρ, Kleopatra Philopator; ca. 69-Aug. 10 or 12, 30 BCE), according to Scottish classicist David A. Traill in "Schliemann's Last Treasure," published in 2008 in In Pursuit of Wissenschaft: Festschrift für William M. Calder III zum 75 Geburtstag by editors Stephan Heilen, Robert Kirstein, R. Scott Smith, Stephen M. Trzaskoma, Rogier L. van der Wal and Matthias Vorwerk. Schliemann eagerly revealed his goal in an invitation to German anthropologist, physican and pathologist Rudolf Virchow (Oct. 13, 1821-Sep. 5, 1902) to participate in a January 1888 excavation of ancient Alexandria's Ptolemaic palace, according to Schliemann-Virchow correspondence (page 466) published in 1990 by German historian and prehistorian Joachim Hermann (Dec. 19, 1932-Feb. 25, 2010)and Evelin Maaß (Maass) in Die Korrespondenz zwischen Heinrich Schliemann und Rudolf Virchow 1876-1890 (quoted by Traill, "Schliemann's Last Treasure"). Less grandiosely, Schliemann's letter of Sunday, June 12, 1887, hoped for even one statue of Cleopatra, which would be a wonderful find ("Wie herrlich . . . nur eine Statue") (Hermann and Maaß, page 467; quoted by Traill, "Schliemann's Last Treasure").

Schliemann opened the Cleopatra statue-seeking excavation Monday, Feb. 6, 1888, and closed it with Virchow's late arrival on Wednesday, Feb. 22, 1888, according to Traill in Schliemann of Troy: Treasure and Deceit ("Chapter 16 Cleopatra's Head and the Feud With Bötticher," page 267), published in 1995. He sited his excavation at Alexandria's eastern edge, near the Ramleh tram station, adjacent to Cleopatra's Needles. The two red granite obelisks had been transported from Heliopolis (Ancient Egyptian: Jwnw, "the Pillars"; Ancient Greek: Ἡλιούπολις, Helioupοlis, "City of the Sun") to adorn the Caesareum, the temple constructed by Cleopatra in honor of Roman general and statesman Gaius Julius Caesar (July 12 or 13, 100-March 15, 44 BCE). The Ramleh location accorded with the identification of the Ptolemaic palace as in proximity to the harbor and the Caesareum by ancient authors.

The Academy, a review of literature and other topics published from Saturday, Oct. 9, 1869, to Saturday, Jan. 11, 1902, summarized Schliemann's post-excavation communication in the periodical's April 28, 1888 issue. Schliemann's dig to "a depth of 12-14 metres" had revealed "the foundations of a large building. In all probability they are the foundation-walls of one of the palaces of the Ptolemies, which, according to Strabo (xvii. 2, 8), occupied, together with beautiful public grounds, a fourth, or even a third, part of the whole extent of Alexandria" (The Academy, April 28, 1888, no. 834, page 298).

In a letter dated Thursday, May 17, 1888, Schliemann first mentioned achieving his goal of finding a sculpture of Cleopatra during his February excavation in Alexandria. He informed German archaeologist and classical philologist Richard Schöne (Feb. 5, 1840-March 5, 1922), director of the Berlin State Museums (German: Staatliche Museen zu Berlin) from 1880 to 1905, that, despite the site's hugeness, astonishing luck had guided him to the exact findspot of a female marble head with a melon hairstyle reminiscent of Cleopatra's characteristic coiffure. Schliemann also boasted of his successful smuggling of the 80-pound sculpture from the excavation site and through customs in Alexandria as unopened hand luggage (Traill, Schliemann of Troy, pages 270-271).

German scholars, however, quickly questioned Schliemann's identification. In a letter dated Friday, Aug. 24, 1888, to French archaeologist and Greek scholar Georges Perrot (Nov. 12, 1832-June 30, 1914), Schliemann relinquished his Cleopatra claim and dated the sculpture to the third century BCE (Traill, Schliemann of Troy, page 271; footnote 11, page 344).

Today's standard view assesses Schliemann's Cleopatra as probably a first-century CE Roman copy of a fourth-century BCE original (Traill, Schliemann of Troy, page 271). Also, doubt prevails for Alexandria as the sculpture's findspot (Higgs, "Searching for Cleopatra's Image," page 203; Traill, "Schliemann's Last Treasure"; Traill, Schliemann of Troy, page 271). Indeed, Schliemann's possession of the sculpture may have dated to his wishful letter of Sunday, May 1, 1887, according to a "reasonable" suspicion expressed by David Traill in "Schliemann's Last Treasure."

Schliemann's melon-coiffed, diadem-lacking sculpture with a damaged nose numbers among the Schliemann Collection held by the Museum Island (German: Museumsinsel) complex's Neues Museum ("New Museum") on historic central Berlin's Spree Island.

bust of Heinrich Schliemann, discoverer of Troy and of bust of Cleopatra, Neues Museum, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Museum Island (German: Museumsinsel), northern Spree Island, historic central Berlin, northeastern Germany; Saturday, April 18, 2015, 13:59:13, image of Neues Museum's bust of Heinrich Schliemann: Mike Steele (hannibal1107), CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Flickr

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication

This post is dedicated to the memory of our beloved blue-eyed brother, Charles, who guided the creation of the Met Opera and Astronomy posts on Earth and Space News. We memorialized our brother in "Our Beloved Blue-Eyed Brother, Charles, With Whom We Are Well Pleased," published on Earth and Space News on Thursday, Nov. 18, 2021, an anniversary of our beloved father's death.

Image credits:

"Schliemann's Cleopatra," a marble portrait of a female with Cleopatra's signature hairstyles, the melon coiffure; Saturday, Oct. 13, 2012, 12:35, image of Cleopatra, Neues Museum, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Museum Island (German: Museumsinsel), northern Spree Island, historic central Berlin, northeastern Germany: Carole Raddato from FRANKFURT, Germany, CC BY SA 2.0 Generic, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cleopatra,_Roman_copy_of_4th_century_BC_original,_Marble,_Alexandria_from_Schliemann_Collection,_Neues_Museum,_Berlin_(8169157190).jpg

Google Arts & Culture. "Portrait Bust of Cleopatra, Neues Museum, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin." Google Arts & Culture > Asset.
Available @ https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/portrait-bust-of-cleopatra-unknown/OgFqb8Egs3PZ2Q?hl=en

Heilen, Stephan; Robert Kirstein; R. Scott Smith; Stephen M. Trzaskoma; Rogier L. van der Wal; and Matthias Vorwerk, eds., In Pursuit of Wissenschaft: Festschrift für William M. Calder III zum 75 Geburtstag. Spudasmata, Band 119. Hildesheim/New York: Georg Olms Verlag, 2008. Herrmann, Joachim; and Evelin Maaß. Die Korrespondenz zwischen Heinrich Schliemann und Rudolf Virchow 1876-1890. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1990.

Higgs, Peter. "Desperately Seeking Cleopatra: Schliemann's Cleopatra." Page 203. In: Susan Walker and Peter Higgs, eds., Cleopatra of Egypt: From History to Myth. III Cleopatra and the Power of Rome: pages 189-274. First published in 2001 by The British Museum Press, a division of The British Museum Company Limited. Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press, 2001.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/cleopatraofegypt0000unse/page/200/mode/1up

Marriner, Derdriu. "Altes Museum Displays Green Caesar Next to Melon Coiffed Cleopatra." Earth and Space News. Thursday, July 20, 2023.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/07/altes-museum-displays-green-caesar-next.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Caesar Commissioned Gilt Statue of Cleopatra for Venus Genetrix Temple." Earth and Space News. Thursday, Sep. 22, 2022.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/09/caesar-commissioned-gilt-statue-of.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Cleopatra Painting in Pompeii May Copy Statue in Venus Genetrix Temple." Earth and Space News. Thursday, Sep. 29, 2022.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/09/cleopatra-painting-in-pompeii-may-copy.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Mother and Child Fresco in Pompeii May Depict Cleopatra With Caesarion." Earth and Space News. Thursday, Sep. 15, 2022.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/09/mother-and-child-fresco-in-pompeii-may.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Quintilii Marble Head May Copy Cleopatra Statue in Temple of Venus." Earth and Space News. Thursday, Oct. 6, 2022.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/10/quintilii-marble-head-may-copy.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Villa of Quintilii Marble Head of Cleopatra Models Melon Hairstyle." Earth and Space News. Thursday, March 30, 2023.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/03/villa-of-quintilii-marble-head-of.html

Martellière, Marie-Delphine. "Alexandria: The 'Tram' Symbol of Modernity." BnF Bibliothèques d'Orient > Accueil > Crossroads > Railroads > Alexandria.
Available via BnF Bibliothèques d'Orient @ https://heritage.bnf.fr/bibliothequesorient/en/alexandria-tram-symbol-modernity

Schliemann, Heinrich. "In a letter received from Dr. Schliemann at Thebes on his return from his visit to Upper Egypt in company with Prof. Vircow, much regret is expressed that he had not been allowed to make those capital excavations at Alexandria which he had intended. After a careful examination of all the classical traditions, his plan was to dig in the neighbourhood of the Mosque Nebi Daniil, where he assumed that the tomb of Alexander the Great would be found; and at the place where the two obelisks had lain, where he trusted to discover the Caesareum. Unfortunately, the Egyptian Government has refused to grant the necessary permission even for the last-mentioned research, although Nubar Pasha had indicated his willingness for that particular purpose in converstion with the German Ambassador in London last summer. Only on the eastern side of Alexandria was Dr. Schliemann permited to use the spade. Before the arrival of Dr. Virchow, having three weeks at his disposiiton, he drew in that part of the city two great trenches, in which he came upon many graves, and at last, at a depth of 12-14 metres, upon the foundations of a large building. In all probability they are the foundation-walls of one of the palaces of the Ptolemies, which, according to Strabo (xvii. 1, 8), occupied, together with beautiful public grounds, a fourth, or even a third, part of the whole extent of Alexandria." Pages 297-298. The Academy, January-June 1888, vol. XXXIII, April 28, 1888, no. 834. London: The Academy Publishing Office, 1888.
Available @ chrome-extension://https://ia600107.us.archive.org/13/items/TheAcademy_201801/The_Academy.pdf

Traill, David A. Schliemann of Troy: Treasure and Deceit. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1995.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/schliemannoftroy0000trai/

Traill, David A. "Two reports later appeared in the Academy. 'Dr. Schliemann has begun his excavations at Ramleh near the railway station and close to the sea, in order to discover the remains of the palace of Cleopatra. He has already come upon three steps which he thinks belonged to the palace, but he intends to continue digging to a depth of fourteen metres. The work has been much hindered by the inflowing water.' [footnote 6, page 344: Academy (10 March 1888) 315] and later: 'Before the arrival of Dr. Virchow, having three weeks at his disposition, he drew in that part of the city two great trenches, in which he came upon many graves, and at last, at a depth of 12-14 metres, upon the foundations of a large building. In all probability they are the foundations of one of the palaces of the Ptolemies . . .' [footnote 7, page: 344: Academy (28 April 1888) 297-98]." Page 268. Schliemann of Troy: Treasure and Deceit. "Chapter 16: Cleopatra's Head and the Feud With Bötticher, pages 267-283. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1995.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/schliemannoftroy0000trai/page/268/mode/1up

Traill, David A. "Schliemann's Last Treasure." In: Stephan Heilen, Robert Kirstein, R. Scott Smith, Stephen M. Trzaskoma, Rogier L. van der Wal and Matthias Vorwerk, eds., In Pursuit of Wissenschaft: Festschrift für William M. Calder III zum 75 Geburtstag. Spudasmata, Band 119. Hildesheim/New York: Georg Olms Verlag, 2008.
Available via Academia @ https://www.academia.edu/10018711/Schliemanns_Last_Treasure

Walker, Susan; and Peter Higgs, eds. Cleopatra of Egypt: From History to Myth. First published in 2001 by The British Museum Press, a division of The British Museum Company Limited. Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press, 2001.
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/cleopatraofegypt0000unse/

Wednesday, July 26, 2023

Hevelius Named Triangulum Minus Little Triangle Constellation in 1687

Summary: Johannes Hevelius introduced Triangulum Minus the Little Triangle constellation in 1687 as a smaller companion of existing constellation Triangulum.

Andromeda the Chained Maiden, with (lower right) Triangulum Majus and Triangulum Minus; Hevelius's depiction from perspective of outsider looking into celestial globe reverses actual east-west appearance of sky for Earth-based observer as insider looking outward at celestial globe; J. Hevelii, Firmamentum Sobiescianum (MDCXC [1690]), Fig. V: Public Domain, via ETH-Bibliothek e-rara

Seventeenth-century Polish astronomer Johannes Hevelius introduced Triangulum Minus the Little Triangle constellation in 1687 as a smaller companion for already existing triangular constellation Triangulum the Triangle.

Johannes Hevelius (Polish: Jan Heweliusz; Jan. 28, 1611-Jan. 28, 1687) introduced Triangulum Minus the Lesser Triangle constellation as one of 10 constellations that he had invented in Prodromus Astronomiae. The three-volume compendium consisted of the Prodromus; a star catalogue, Catalogus Stellarum Fixarum; and a star atlas, Firmamentum Sobiescianum sive Uranographia. Hevelius's death left the Prodromus Astronomiae unfinished and the catalogue and star atlas, which had been printed in 1687, unpublished. The astronomer-selenographer's wife, Polish astronomer Elisabeth Catherina Koopmann Hevelius (Polish: Elżbieta Koopman Heweliusz; Jan. 17, 1647–Dec. 22, 1693), finished the Prodromus and then published all three volumes in 1690 under the posthumous authorship of her husband.

Triangulum Minus appeared as the seventh of Hevelius's 10 newly created constellations in Chapter VIII, De Numero Aſteriſmorum & Stellarum, tum nonnullis Rebus animadverſione dignis, of section Tabulae Solares Novae ("New Solar Tables") in the Prodromus. The small triangle emerged from three new stars that he discovered in southeastern Triangulum the Triangle constellation. The new triangle's stars shone between Aries the Ram and Triangulum the Triangle, according to their discoverer.

"Triangulum Minus. Caeterùm; Triangulum minus, quod ex tribus novis Stellulis conſtat, etiam ex numero novorum meorum Siderum eſt; haud potuit ferè aliter denominari: cùm ſub altero Triangulo majori, & ſupra Caput Arietis ſplendeat," described Hevelius (page 117).

The forming of the new triangular constellation necessitated renaming the existing constellation. Hevelius retitled Triangulum as Triangulum Majus, as explained by English astronomy writer Ian Ridpath (born May 1, 1947) in his profile "Triangulum Minus the little triangle," included in Chapter Four: Obsolete Constellations of his Star Tales book (1988; revised and expanded, 2018) and posted on his eponymous website (www.ianridpath.com).

Aries the Ram, with Triangula pair (upper center), Majus and Minus, and Musca (Musca Borealis); Hevelius's depiction from perspective of outsider looking into celestial globe reverses actual east-west appearance of sky for Earth-based observer as insider looking outward at celestial globe; J. Hevelii, Firmamentum Sobiescianum (MDCXC [1690]), Fig. BB: Public Domain, via ETH-Bibliothek e-rara

Triangulum Minus neighbors with Aries the Ram and Triangulum Majus. The small celestial triangle brushes the Ram's northwestern borders and its constellatory parent's southeastern limits. A discarded constellation, Musca Borealis (Latin: "northern fly"), appears as an eastern neighbor, perched between northern Aries the Ram and southern Perseus the Hero, on two (Figures BB, W) of the three sky charts (BB, V, WW) on which Hevelius depicted Triangulum Minus.

The exclusion of Triangulum Minus from the list of 88 constellations approved in 1922 by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) rendered Hevelius's triangle obsolete. Its three starry components of 6 Trianguli (abbreviated 6 Tri; also known as ι Trianguli, Iota Trianguli, abbreviated ι Tri, Iota Tri), 10 Trianguli (10 Tri) and 12 Trianguli (12 Tri) were assigned to Triangulum the Triangle constellation.

Triangulum the Triangle, the constellation in which Triangulum Minus may be viewed as an asterism (Ancient Greek: ἀστερισμός, asterismós, “group of stars”), encompasses an area of 131.8 square degrees, which accounts for 0.320 percent of the sky, according to Ian Ridpath's table of constellations. Its area places Triangulum Minus as 78th in order of size among the 88 IAU-approved constellations.

Right ascension (abbreviated RA; symbol α) coordinates for Triangulum extend from 01 hours 31 minutes 27.9408 seconds to 02h 50m 39.9523s, according to the constellation boundary tables on the International Astronomical Union's website. In the equatorial coordinate system, right ascension identifies with terrestrial longitude.

Declination (abbreviated dec; symbol δ) coordinates for Triangulum stretch from plus 25.6050701 to plus 37.3470840. The equatorial coordinate system's declination associates with geographic latitude.

Constellation Triangulum offers full visibility to Earth-based observers occupying latitudes 90 degrees north and 52 degrees south. Partial visibility of the triangular constellation is available to stargazers stationed between latitudes 52 degrees south and 64 degrees south in the southern hemisphere (Ridpath, Constellations -- 2).

Triangulum the Triangle constellation numbers among 13 autumnal constellations listed by the American Association of Amateur Astronomers (AAAA) on The Constellation Home Page on the organization's website. Late autumn and early winter qualify for best viewing seasons of Triangulum the Triangle constellation in the northern hemisphere, according to science writer Kelly Kizer Whitt in "Triangulum the Triangle in northern skies," published Dec. 6, 2022, on the EarthSky website. December is the best month for observing Triangulum, according to James Miller in "Star Constellation Facts: Triangulum," posted July 15, 2016, on his website, Astronomy Trek.

Even though Hevelius's Triangulum Minus has been nullified as a constellation, the small triangle nevertheless remains as an asterism within its parent's territory. The Great Square of Pegasus the Winged Horse and Cassiopeia the Seated Queen function as finding aids for Triangulum, according to Kelly Kizer Whitt. Triangulum lies northeast of the Great Square of Pegasus and below distinctively w-shaped Cassiopeia. Triangulum Minus shines in southeastern Triangulum.

Perseus the Hero, with Triangula pair(lower center-right), Triangulum Majus and Triangulum Minus, and Musca (Musca Borelis); Hevelius's depiction from perspective of outsider looking into celestial globe reverses actual east-west appearance of sky for Earth-based observer as insider looking outward at celestial globe; J. Hevelii, Firmamentum Sobiescianum (MDCXC [1690]), Fig. W: Public Domain, via ETH-Bibliothek e-rara

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication

The American Association of Amateur Astronomers. "The Autumn Constellations." The American Association of Amateur Astronomers > The Constellation Home Page.
Available @ http://www.astromax.org/con-page/con-fall.htm

Flaspoehler, Edward P., Jr. "The Constellation Triangulum -- The Triangle." The American Assocation of Amateur Astronomers > The Constellation Home Page > The Summer Constellations.
Available @ http://www.astromax.org/con-page/summer/sct-01.htm

Harper, David; and L. (Lynne) M. Stockman. "Triangulum Minor -- The Lesser Triangle. Unofficial Abbreviation: TMi. Genitive: Trianguli Minoris. Origin: Johannes Hevelius." Obliquity > Sky Eye > The Constellations > Extinct Constellations.
Available @ https://www.obliquity.com/skyeye/88const/TMi.html

Hevelii, Johannis. "Triangulum Minus. Caeterùm; Triangulum minus, quod ex tribus novis Stellulis conſtat, etiam ex numero novorum meorum Siderum eſt; haud potuit ferè aliter denominari: cùm ſub altero Triangulo majori, & ſupra Caput Arietis ſplendeat." Page 117. Prodromus Astronomiae cum Catalogo Fixarum, & Firmamentum Sobiescianum: Prodromus Astronomiae . . . Quibus additus est uterq[ue] Catalogus Stellarum Fixarum, tam major ad Annum 1660, quàm minor ad Annum completum 1700. Acceſſ Corollarii loco Tabula Motus Lunae Libratorii, Ad bina ſecula proximè ventura prolongata, brevi cum Deſcriptione, ejus ue uſu. Tabulae Solares Novae, pages 51-142. Caput VIII De Numero Aſteriſmorum & Stellarum, tum nonnullis Rebus animadverſione dignis," pages 108-124. Gedani [Gdansk]: Typis Johannis-Zachariae Stollii, M DC XC [1690].
Available via ETH-Bibliothek e-rara @ https://www.e-rara.ch/zut/content/zoom/133609
Available via National Digital Library Polona @ https://polona.pl/item-view/049ab5c8-5726-4a52-ad1b-48f3f475c4f2?page=73
Available via Google Books Read Free of Charge @ https://www.google.com/books/edition/JOHANNIS_HEVELII_PRODROMUS_ASTRONOMIAE/OEPatgAACAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&printsec=frontcover
Available via Linda Hall Library of Science, Engineering & Technology Catalog @ https://catalog.lindahall.org/discovery/delivery/01LINDAHALL_INST:LHL/1284873740005961

Hevelii, Johannis. "Triang. Minus." Page 304. Catalogus Stellarum Fixarum ad Annum Christi M DCC Completum. Pages 269-308. In: Prodromus Astronomiae . . . Quibus additus est uterq[ue] Catalogus Stellarum Fixarum, tam major ad Annum 1660, quàm minor ad Annum completum 1700. Acceſſ Corollarii loco Tabula Motus Lunae Libratorii, Ad bina ſecula proximè ventura prolongata, brevi cum Deſcriptione, ejus ue uſu. Gedani [Gdansk]: Typis Johannis-Zachariae Stollii, M DC XC [1690].
Available via ETH-Bibliothek e-rara @ https://www.e-rara.ch/zut/content/zoom/133800
Available via Google Books Read Free of Charge @ https://www.google.com/books/edition/JOHANNIS_HEVELII_PRODROMUS_ASTRONOMIAE/OEPatgAACAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&printsec=frontcover
Available via Linda Hall Library of Science, Engineering & Technology Catalog @ https://catalog.lindahall.org/discovery/delivery/01LINDAHALL_INST:LHL/1284873740005961

Hevelii, Johannis. "Triangulum Minus." Page 416. Machinae Coelestis. Liber Quartus, Rerum Uranicarum Observationes, Gedani. Gedani [Gdansk]: Simon Reiniger, M DC LXXIX [1679].
Available via Internet Archive @ https://archive.org/details/Machinacoelesti2Heve/page/416/mode/1up

Kaler, James B. (Jim). “6 TRI (6 Trianguli).” University of Illinois Astronomy Department > Star of the Week.
Available @ http://stars.astro.illinois.edu/sow/gammacas.html

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Available @ http://stars.astro.illinois.edu/sow/tri-t.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Cassiopeia the Queen Constellation Is True Arrow to Andromeda Galaxy." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Aug. 24, 2016.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2016/08/cassiopeia-queen-constellation-true.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Five Star Circlet of Pisces Asterism Is Below Great Square of Pegasus." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Oct. 11, 2017.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/10/five-star-circlet-of-pisces-asterism-is.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Great Square of Pegasus Asterism Has Four Second Magnitude Stars." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Oct. 4, 2017.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2017/10/great-square-of-pegasus-asterism-has.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Hevelius Crater Parents Seven Satellites at West Oceanus Procellarum." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Jan. 18, 2023.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/hevelius-crater-parents-seven.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Hevelius Introduced Scutum the Shield Constellation in 1687." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, July 19, 2023.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/07/hevelius-introduced-scutum-shield.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Hevelius Introduced Canes Venatici Constellation in 1687." Earth and Space News. Thursday, May 17, 2023.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/05/hevelius-introduced-canes-venatici.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Hevelius Introduced Lacerta the Lizard Constellation in 1687." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, July 12, 2023.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/07/hevelius-introduced-lacerta-lizard.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Hevelius Introduced Leo Minor the Lesser Leo Constellation in 1687." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, April 5, 2023.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/04/hevelius-introduced-leo-minor-lesser.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Hevelius Introduced Lynx Constellation in 1687 as Visible to Lynx-Eyed." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Jan. 25, 2023.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/hevelius-introduced-lynx-constellation.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Hevelius Introduced Mons Maenalus constellation in 1687." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, May 24, 2023.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/05/hevelius-introduced-mons-maenalus.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Hevelius Introduced Sextans the Sextant Constellation in 1687." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, May 10, 2023.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/05/hevelius-introduced-sextans-sextant.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Hevelius Introduced Three-Headed Snake Constellation Cerberus in 1687." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, June 28, 2023.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/06/hevelius-introduced-three-headed-snake.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Hevelius Introduced Vulpecula the Fox Constellation in 1687." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, July 5, 2023.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/07/hevelius-introduced-vulpecula-fox.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Lynx Zigzags Lengthily Between Ursa Major and Auriga the Charioteer." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, March 1, 2023.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/03/lynx-zigzags-lengthily-between-ursa.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Near Side Hevelius Crater Honors Polish Astronomer Johannes Hevelius." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Jan. 11, 2023.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/near-side-hevelius-crater-honors-polish.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "North Star Pointer Constellation Cassiopeia Is Opposite the Big Dipper." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, Sep. 7, 2016.
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Tuesday, July 25, 2023

Reykjavík Botanic Garden Perhaps Alleviates Anxiety in White Death

Summary: Reykjavík Botanic Garden perhaps alleviates anxiety in White Death, anglicized from his Hvítidauði of 2019 as standalone novel for 2023 by Ragnar Jónasson.

"God talks to human beings through many vectors: through each other, through organized religion, through the great books of those religions, through wise people, through art and music and literature and poetry, but nowhere with such detail and grace and color and joy as through creation. When we destroy a species, when we destroy a special place, we're diminishing our capacity to sense the divine, understand who God is and what our own potential is." Robert Francis Kennedy Jr., April 19, 2023, Boston Park Plaza Hotel, Back Bay, Boston, Massachusetts.

Reykjavík Botanic Garden accepts the active and the contemplative Íslandingur (from Icelandic Ísland -ingur, “Iceland inhabitant”). It accommodates local and non-local amblers with benches, non-woody and woody plants, paths, ponds and wildlife. Its plant-collection area accumulates northern temperate plants in aesthetic, educational arrangements. Perhaps an outside area to his basement apartment acquires the same ambiance as Reykjavík Botanic Garden's for its alpine, arboretum, Icelandic flora, rhododendron, rose, systematic and woodland gardens and for its herbal, medicinal and vegetable plants; Sunday, June 27, 2010, 02:19, image of pond in Reykjavík Botanic Garden (Latin: Hortus Botanicus Reykjavikensis, Icelandic: Grasagarður Reykjavíkur), Laugardalur district, east of city center, Reykjavik, southwestern Iceland: David Stanley, CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Wikimedia Commons

Reykjavík Botanic Garden perhaps alleviates anxiety in White Death, anglicized from his Hvítidauði of 2019 as crime-fiction, mystery, thriller standalone novel for 2023 by attorney, author, investment banker and professor Ragnar Jónasson.

Ragnar Jónasson begins with Helgi Reykdal (from Old Norse regin herr Jonas -son, “ruling-powers warriors Jonas['] son”; heilagr reykr dalr, “holy smoke dale, holy steam valley”). Helgi commenced his criminology career with police training capped by police-station temporary work summer 2011 and continued with post-degree criminology in the British Isles for 2011-2012. He dwells in central Reykjavík in an old-house basement apartment with his Reykjavík-employed romantic partner Bergthóra (from Old Norse bjorg þórr, “deliverance thunder” via Icelandic Bergþóra).

Perhaps enduring the couple and their children in the larger rental upstairs, enervating over his dissertation or envying his roommate her employment engenders angry, anxious emotions.

Reykjavík Botanic Garden (from Latin Hortus Botanicus Reykjavikensis, “garden botanic Reykjavík’s”; and Icelandic Grasagarður Reykjavíkur, “grass garden Reykjavík’s, Icelandic moss Reykjavík's”) admits among its wildlife gray geese (graylag, greylag commonly; grágæs locally; Anser anser scientifically); Sunday, Jan. 17, 2010, 12:59, image of "Almost Flying: Goose (Anser anser) flapping wings at the Reykjavik Botanical Gardens": Axel Kristinsson from Reykjavík, Iceland, CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Wikimedia Commons

Furious fights with his girlfriend find Helgi with a blood-stained shirt and an unexpected visit from police officers following up on noise complaints from his neighbors.

Going to the Laugardalur (from Icelandic laugar dalur, “hot-springs valley”) district east of central Reykjavík (from Old Norse reykr vík, “smoke bay”) perhaps governs grumpy emotions. The Laugardalur district houses the Reykjavík Botanic Garden (from Latin Hortus Botanicus Reykjavikensis, “garden botanic Reykjavík’s”; and Icelandic Grasagarður Reykjavíkur, “grass garden Reykjavík’s, Icelandic moss Reykjavík's”). The botanical garden includes 5,000-plus plant species in eight collections and inspires such bird inhabitants as gray geese (graylag, greylag commonly; grágæs locally; Anser anser scientifically).

The 20th-century Reykjavíkingur (from Icelandic Reykjavík -ingur, “Reykjavík inhabitant”) journeyed to Laudardalur district for hot-springs laundering until three decades before Reykjavík Botanic Garden joined that district.

Flóran Café (from Latin flos, “flower”) affirms Reykjavík Botanic Garden quality by its alluring treats every May through the end of August. Its menu allies delicious drinks with delicious treats from display greenhouse-grown produce; August 2012 image of Café Flóra, located in the center of plant and herb collections of Reykjavík Botanic Garden: Orf3us, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

The 175th anniversary of Reykjavík Aug. 18, 1961, kindled Laugardalur district keeping such a kinetic- and knowledge-friendly area for Íslandingur (from Icelandic Ísland -ingur, “Iceland inhabitant”).

Anxiety such as that lording White Death lessens in Reykjavík Botanic Garden with its lauded collections of plants that liven herb, rock, spring-bulb and vegetable gardens. Reykjavík Botanic Garden maintains its Flóran Café (from Latin flos, “flower”), with garden-grown treat ingredients, in the display greenhouse from May through the end of August. That greenhouse nestles near its garden, the latter between the rose and the woodland garden and up from the Icelandic flora collection near botanic garden offices.

Reykjavík Botanic Garden flowering, herbal, medicinal, mountain, vegetable and woodland plants obviate anxiety obstructing opportune occasions that optimize Helgi’s personal and professional opportunities in White Death.

White Death medically announces skin whitened by dangerously cold temperatures. Proper attire argues against such afflictions during cold-weather ambles along frosty, icy, snowy pedestrian paths at Reykjavík Botanic Garden; Friday, Jan. 30, 2009, 14:26, image of wintry Grasagarður Reykjavíkur (Reykjavík Botanic Garden): Helgi Halldórsson from Reykjavík, Iceland, CC BY SA 2.0 Generic, via Wikimedia Commons

The garden pathways pass past the rhododendron and the woodland gardens after the flora, rose and woodland gardens and before the alpine garden of mountain plants.

Its arboretum of quintessentially hardy shrubs and trees queues in three quarters of Reykjavík Botanic Garden, which quarters three alpine, two systematic and two woodland gardens. The herb, the medicinal and the vegetable garden resides near the garden retaining rhododendron and other acidic soil-loving woodland plants and one of the woodland gardens. The systematic garden shelters perennial plants in sequences that show their Linnaean (May 23, 1707-Jan. 10, 1778) scientific, taxonomic classification into specific species, genera and families.

Reykjavík Botanic Garden treats the troublesome, troubling anxiety that threatens truculent Helgi Reykdal, who tends toward his own thoughts, albeit not always best, in White Death.

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication

Reykjavík Botanic Garden (from Latin Hortus Botanicus Reykjavikensis, “garden botanic Reykjavík’s”; and Icelandic Grasagarður Reykjavíkur, “grass garden Reykjavík’s, Icelandic moss Reykjavík's admits among its wildlife gray geese (graylag, greylag commonly; grágæs locally; Anser anser scientifically); Sunday, Jan. 17, 2010, 12:59, image of "Almost Flying: Goose (Anser anser) flapping wings at the Reykjavik Botanical Gardens": Axel Kristinsson from Reykjavík, Iceland, CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Almost_Flying_(4281493609).jpg; Axel Kristinsson (axelkr), CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/axelkr/4281493609/

The grass-roofed abode assures Reykjavík Botanic Garden amblers of attractive applications of the grasses abounding there. It also perhaps averts white death for anyone ambling in clothing inappropriate for awfully cold temperatures; Sunday, June 27, 2010, 02:02, image of grass-roofed house in Reykjavík Botanic Garden: David Stanley from Nanaimo, Canada, CC BY 2.0 Generic, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Grass-roofed_house_in_Reykjavik_Botanic_Gardens,_Iceland.jpg; David Stanley (D-Stanley), CC BY 2.0, via Flickr @ https://www.flickr.com/photos/davidstanleytravel/4899623188/

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Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/thorleifur-ragnar-jonasson-acquaints-us.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 February 2023. "Past Actions Affect Present Anxieties in Rupture, Anglicized From Rof." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/past-actions-affect-present-anxieties.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 February 2023. "Tunnels Accelerate Justice and Traffic in Rupture, Anglicized From Rof." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/tunnels-accelerate-justice-and-traffic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 February 2023. "Icelandic Names and Words Are in Blackout, Anglicized From Myrknætti." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/02/icelandic-names-and-words-are-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 January 2023. "Biscuits, Burgers, Chips, Dried Fish Appeal to Police in Blackout." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/biscuits-burgers-chips-dried-fish.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 January 2023. "Thorleifur Ragnar Jónasson Accuratizes Volcanic Glaciers in Blackout." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/thorleifur-ragnar-jonasson-accuratizes.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 January 2023. "Jón Gudmundsson the Learned Accounts for Poetic Advice in Blackout." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/jon-gudmundsson-learned-accounts-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 January 2023. "Seven Are Taciturn About Death in Blackout, Anglicized From Myrknætti." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/seven-are-taciturn-about-death-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 January 2023. "Summerhouses Add to Crime Rates in Blackout, Anglicized From Myrknætti." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2023/01/summerhouses-add-to-crime-rates-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 December 2022. "Nattblinda, as Nightblind, Appends a Poem by Freysteinn Gunnarsson." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/12/nattblinda-as-nightblind-appends-poem.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 December 2022. "Nattblinda, as Nightblind, Appends Spring Returns to the Valley." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/12/nattblinda-as-nightblind-appends-spring.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 December 2022. "Nattblinda, Anglicized Nightblind, Archives Icelandic Names and Words." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/12/nattblinda-anglicized-nightblind.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 December 2022. "Náttblinda, Anglicized Nightblind, Admits Fresh Buns, Coffee and Pizza." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/12/nattblinda-anglicized-nightblind-admits.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 November 2022. "Thórbergur Thórdarson Assuages Anxiety in Nattblinda, as Nightblind." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/11/thorbergur-thordarson-assuages-anxiety.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 November 2022. "Thorsteinn Jónsson Advises All Are Astray in Nattblinda, as Nightblind." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/11/thorsteinn-jonsson-advises-all-are.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 November 2022. "Abandoned Areas Are Awful for New Hires in Nattblinda, as Nightblind." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/11/abandoned-areas-are-awful-for-new-hires.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 November 2022. "Active Tunnels Adjust to Awful Weather in Nattblinda, as Nightblind." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/11/active-tunnels-adjust-to-awful-weather.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 November 2022. "Snjóblinda, Anglicized Snowblind, Archives Icelandic Names and Words." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/11/snjoblinda-anglicized-snowblind.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 October 2022. "Indian Rice Affirms Area Affluence in Snjóblinda, Anglicized Snowblind." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/10/indian-rice-affirms-area-affluence-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 October 2022. "Kjarval Adorns a Retired Diplomat’s Walls in Snjóblinda, as Snowblind." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/10/kjarval-adorns-retired-diplomats-walls.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 October 2022. "Gunnlaugur Blöndal Art Assuages Sailors in Snjóblinda, as Snowblind." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/10/gunnlaugur-blondal-art-assuages-sailors.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 October 2022. "House and Job for Two Years Are Alluring in Snjóblinda, as Snowblind." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/10/house-and-job-for-two-years-are.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 September 2022. "Locals and Tourists Adore Fish and Theatre in Snjóblinda, as Snowblind." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/09/locals-and-tourists-adore-fish-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 September 2022. "Thorpid, as The Girl Who Died, Archives Icelandic Names and Words." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/09/thorpid-as-girl-who-died-archives.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 September 2022. "Ham and Ptarmigan Are Christmas Meats in Thorpid, as The Girl Who Died." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/09/ham-and-ptarmigan-are-christmas-meats.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 September 2022. "Thorpid, as The Girl Who Died, Acquaints Us With Davíd Stefánsson." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/09/thorpid-as-girl-who-died-acquaints-us.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 August 2022. "Thorpid, as The Girl Who Died, Alludes to Thorsteinn Th. Thorsteinsson." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/08/thorpid-as-girl-who-died-alludes-to.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 August 2022. "Five Deaths Affect 16 Lives in Thorpid, Anglicized The Girl Who Died." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/08/five-deaths-affect-16-lives-in-thorpid.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 August 2022. "Ring Road Accesses Northeast Iceland for Thorpid, as The Girl Who Died." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/08/ring-road-accesses-northeast-iceland.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 August 2022. "Outside, Anglicized From Úti, Appends Party of Two." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/08/outside-anglicized-from-uti-appends.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 August 2022. "Outside, Anglicized From Úti, Accumulates Icelandic Names and Words." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/08/outside-anglicized-from-uti-accumulates.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 July 2022. "Icelandic Rock Ptarmigans Avoid Blizzards and Hunters in Outside." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/07/icelandic-rock-ptarmigans-avoid.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 July 2022. "Veröld Accepted Icelandic Standalone Novel Úti, Anglicized Outside." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/07/verold-accepted-icelandic-standalone.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 July 2022. "Victoria Cribb Anglicizes Icelandic Standalone Novel Úti Into Outside." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/07/victoria-cribb-anglicizes-icelandic.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 July 2022. "Four Friends and One Enemy Are Indoors in Outside, Anglicized from Úti." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/07/four-friends-and-one-enemy-are-indoors.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 June 2022. "Adverse Weather Afflicts East Iceland in Outside, Anglicized From Úti." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/06/adverse-weather-afflicts-east-iceland.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 June 2022. "Mistur, Anglicized The Mist, Appends The Silence of the Falling Snow." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/06/mistur-anglicized-mist-appends-silence.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 June 2022. "Mistur, as The Mist, Appends Christmas Apples by Katrín Guðjónsdóttir." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/06/mistur-as-mist-appends-christmas-apples.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 June 2022. "Mistur, anglicized The Mist, Accumulates Icelandic Names and Words." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/06/mistur-anglicized-mist-accumulates.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 31 May 2022. "Hulda Ate Icelandic Food Christmas Eve in Mistur, Anglicized The Mist." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/05/hulda-ate-icelandic-food-christmas-eve.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 24 May 2022. "Mistur, Anglicized The Mist, Acknowledges Halldór Laxness at Christmas." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/05/mistur-anglicized-mist-acknowledges.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 17 May 2022. "Mistur, Anglicized as The Mist, Acquaints Us With Olaf Olafsson." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/05/mistur-anglicized-as-mist-acquaints-us.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 10 May 2022. "Accidental and Violent Deaths Aggrieve Mistur, Anglicized as The Mist." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/05/accidental-and-violent-deaths-aggrieve.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 3 May 2022. "Mistur, Anglicized as The Mist, Angles Ring Road Along Coastal Iceland." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/05/mistur-anglicized-as-mist-angles-ring.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 April 2022. "Drungi, Anglicized The Island, Accumulates Icelandic Names and Words." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/04/drungi-anglicized-island-accumulates.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 April 2022. "Drungi, Anglicized The Island, Allows Icelandic Cuisine Takeout Pizza." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/04/drungi-anglicized-island-allows.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 April 2022. "Drungi, Anglicized as The Island, Acquaints Us With Bessastadir." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/04/drungi-anglicized-as-island-acquaints.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 April 2022. "Drungi, Anglicized as The Island, Asks What Einar Benediktsson Avers." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/04/drungi-anglicized-as-island-asks-what.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 March 2022. "Seven Deaths Afflict One Detective in Drungi, Anglicized as The Island." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/03/seven-deaths-afflict-one-detective-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 March 2022. "Fjords and Isles Are Accessible in Drungi, Anglicized as The Island." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/03/fjords-and-isles-are-accessible-in.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 March 2022. "Dimma, Anglicized The Darkness, Accumulates Icelandic Names and Words." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/03/dimma-anglicized-darkness-accumulates.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 March 2022. "Icelandic Cuisine Americanizes Dimma, Anglicized as The Darkness." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/03/icelandic-cuisine-americanizes-dimma.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 March 2022. "Dimma, Anglicized as The Darkness, Accesses Bishop Jón Vídalín For Us." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/03/dimma-anglicized-as-darkness-accesses.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 February 2022. "Dimma, Anglicized as The Darkness, Acquaints Us With Tomás Gudmundsson." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/02/dimma-anglicized-as-darkness-acquaints.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 February 2022. "Not All Are Accounted For in Dimma, Anglicized as The Darkness." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/02/not-all-are-accounted-for-in-dimma.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 February 2022. "Driving and Walking Tours Acquit Dimma, Anglicized as The Darkness." Earth and Space News. Tuesday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2022/02/driving-and-walking-tours-acquit-dimma.html

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