April 30, 2022, Partial Solar Eclipse Belongs to Saros Series 119

Summary: The Saturday, April 30, 2022, partial solar eclipse belongs to Saros series 119, a family of 71 similar solar eclipses.

A partial solar eclipse on May 15, 850, opened solar Saros series 119's lineup of 71 similar eclipses: "Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment: Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)," via NASA Eclipse Web Site

The Saturday, April 30, 2022, partial solar eclipse belongs to Saros series 119, which comprises 71 similar solar eclipses.

The solar Saros cycle links solar eclipses with similar geometries into families, known as series. All solar eclipses in the same Saros series share occurrence at the same lunar node. The two lunar nodes, designated as ascending and descending, signal the two intersecting points of the moon's orbit with Earth's orbit. The ascending node directs lunar passage to the north of Earth's orbit. The descending node conveys passage to the south of Earth's orbit.

Saros 119 solar eclipses exhibit geometric occurrence at the moon's ascending node. The moon moves southward with each Saros 119 solar eclipse.

A Saros cycle spans approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). Specifically, Saros series 119 lasts for 1,262.11 years, according to NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) Eclipse Web Site's eclipse predictions by NASA astrophysicist, now emeritus, Fred Espenak. Saros series 119 spans 13 centuries, from the ninth to the 22nd centuries.

Saros series 119 comprises 17 partial solar eclipses, 51 annular solar eclipses, two total solar eclipses and one hybrid solar eclipse. The cycle's 71 eclipses sequence as five sets. The first set contains eight partial solar eclipses. The second set comprises two total solar eclipses. The third set is composed of the cycle's only hybrid solar eclipses. The fourth of the cycle's five sets features 51 annular solar eclipses. The cycle's fifth and last set contains the last nine of the cycle's 17 partial solar eclipses.

Saros series 119 opened with a partial solar eclipse on May 15, 850. The series closes with its 71st member, a partial solar eclipse on Friday, June 24, 2112. Reflective of Saros 119 cycle's characteristic southward movement from the ascending note, the opening solar eclipse was a Northern Hemisphere event while the closing solar eclipse will have a Southern Hemisphere location.

Saros series 119's first set of partial solar eclipses closed with the partial solar eclipse of July 29, 976. The July 976 partial solar eclipse occurred as the eighth of the 71-member Saros 119 lineup. The July 976 partial solar eclipse numbered as the eighth and last partial solar eclipse of the first set of partial solar eclipses in Saros series 119 and as the eighth of the 17 partial solar eclipses (first set's eight; second set's nine) in Saros series 119.

The Saturday, April 30, 2022, partial solar eclipse takes place in Saros 119 cycle's second partial solar eclipse set, which sequences as the cycle's fifth and last set. The Saros 119 cycle's second set of partial eclipses spans two centuries, from the 20th to the 22nd centuries.

The second partial solar eclipse set opens with the partial solar eclipse of Thursday, March 28, 1968. The March 1968 partial solar eclipse occurs as the 63rd of the 71-member Saros 119 lineup. The second set's first partial solar eclipse numbers as the ninth of the 17 partial solar eclipses in Saros series 119.

The second partial solar eclipse set closes with the partial solar eclipse of Friday, June 24, 2112. The June 2112 partial solar eclipse occurs as the 71st and last eclipse in the 71-member Saros series 119. The cycle's last eclipse numbers as the second set's ninth and last partial solar eclipse and as the 17th and last partial solar eclipse in Saros series 119.

The Saturday, April 30, 2022, partial solar eclipse occurs as the 66th in the Saros series 119 lineup of 71 eclipses. The April 2022 partial solar eclipse numbers as the second set's fourth partial solar eclipse and as the 12th of the 17 partial solar eclipses in Saros series 119.

The predecessor of the April 2022 partial solar eclipse in Saros series 119 was the partial solar eclipse of Monday, April 19, 2004. The April 2004 partial solar eclipse occurred as the 65th in the Saros series 119 lineup of 71 eclipses. The April 2004 partial solar eclipse numbered as the second set's third partial solar eclipse and as the 11th of the 17 partial solar eclipses in Saros series 119.

The successor of the April 2022 partial solar eclipse in Saros series 119 will be the partial solar eclipse of Friday, May 11, 2040. The May 2040 partial solar eclipse will occur as the 67th in the Saros series 119 lineup of 71 eclipses. The May 2040 partial solar eclipse will number as the second set's fifth partial solar eclipse and as the 13th of the 17 partial solar eclipses in Saros series 119.

The takeaways for the Saturday, April 30, 2022, partial solar eclipse belonging to Saros series 119 are that the event occurs as the 66th in the 71-member lineup of Saros series 119; that the April 2022 partial solar eclipse numbers as the fourth of nine in Saros series 119's second set of partial solar eclipses and as the 12th of the 17 partial solar eclipses (first set's eight; second set's nine) in Saros series 119; that the April 2022 partial solar eclipse's predecessor in Saros series 119 was the partial solar eclipse of Monday, April 19, 2004; and that the successor of the April 2022 partial solar eclipse in Saros series 119 will be the partial solar eclipse of Friday, May 11, 2040.

A partial solar eclipse on Friday, June 24, 2112, will close solar Saros series 119's lineup of 71 similar eclipses: "Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment: Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)," via NASA Eclipse Web Site

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication

This post is dedicated to the memory of our beloved blue-eyed brother, Charles, who guided the creation of the Met Opera and Astronomy posts on Earth and Space News. We memorialized our brother in "Our Beloved Blue-Eyed Brother, Charles, With Whom We Are Well Pleased," published on Earth and Space News on Thursday, Nov. 18, 2021, an anniversary of our beloved father's death.

Image credits:

A partial solar eclipse on May 15, 850, opened solar Saros series 119's lineup of 71 similar eclipses: "Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment: Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)," via NASA Eclipse Web Site @ https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/0801-0900/850-05-15.gif

A partial solar eclipse on Friday, June 24, 2112, will close solar Saros series 119's lineup of 71 similar eclipses: "Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment: Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)," via NASA Eclipse Web Site @ https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2301-2400/2328-06-09.gif

For further information:

Espenak, Fred. "Partial 0850 May 15." NASA Eclipse Web Site > Solar Eclipses > Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series: Saros 0 to 180 > Summary of Saros Series 100 to 125 > Saros 119.
Available @ https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/0801-0900/850-05-15.gif

Espenak, Fred. "Partial 976 Jul 29." NASA Eclipse Web Site > Solar Eclipses > Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series: Saros 0 to 180 > Summary of Saros Series 100 to 125 > Saros 119.
Available @ https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/0901-1000/976-07-29.gif

Espenak, Fred. "Partial 1968 Mar 28." NASA Eclipse Web Site > Solar Eclipses > Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series: Saros 0 to 180 > Summary of Saros Series 100 to 125 > Saros 119.
Available @ https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/1901-2000/1968-03-28.gif

Espenak, Fred. "Partial 2004 Apr 19." NASA Eclipse Web Site > Solar Eclipses > Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series: Saros 0 to 180 > Summary of Saros Series 100 to 125 > Saros 119.
Available @ https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2001-2100/2004-04-19.gif

Espenak, Fred. "Partial 2040 May 11." NASA Eclipse Web Site > Solar Eclipses > Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series: Saros 0 to 180 > Summary of Saros Series 100 to 125 > Saros 119.
Available @ https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2001-2100/2040-05-11.gif

Espenak, Fred. "Partial 2112 Jun 24." NASA Eclipse Web Site > Solar Eclipses > Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series: Saros 0 to 180 > Summary of Saros Series 100 to 125 > Saros 119.
Available @ https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/2101-2200/2112-06-24.gif

Espenak, Fred. "Partial Solar Eclipse of 2022 Apr 30." EclipseWise > Solar Eclipses > Recent and Upcoming Solar Eclipses > Decade Tables of Solar Eclipses > Solar Eclipses: 2021-2030.
Available @ http://www.eclipsewise.com/solar/SEprime/2001-2100/SE2022Apr30Pprime.html

Espenak, Fred. "Partial Solar Eclipse of 2022 Apr 30." NASA Eclipse Web Site > Solar Eclipses > Solar Eclipses: Past and Future > Decade Solar Eclipse Tables > Solar Eclipses: 2021-2030.
Available @ https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEplot/SEplot2001/SE2022Apr30P.GIF

Espenak, Fred. "Saros 119: Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 119." EclipseWise > Solar Eclipses > Solar Eclipse Links > Saros -33 to 190: Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros -33 to 190 > Summary of Saros 117 to 146.
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Espenak, Fred. "Saros Series 119." NASA Eclipse Web Site > Solar Eclipses > Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series: Saros 0 to 180 > Summary of Saros Series 100 to 125.
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Marriner, Derdriu. "First of Two 2022 Partial Solar Eclipses Occurs Saturday, April 30." Earth and Space News. Wednesday, April 20, 2022.
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Drungi, Anglicized The Island, Accumulates Icelandic Names and Words

Summary: Drungi, anglicized The Island, as second thriller in the Hidden Iceland trilogy authored by Ragnar Jónasson, accumulates Icelandic names and words.

Icelandic names for the place and for the product acknowledge the appeals of mocha coffee and of its Icelandic home in the oldest café in Reykjavík, Kaffi Mokka, also known as Mokka and Mokkakaffi: Guðmundur D. Haraldsson, CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons

Drungi, anglicized The Island, as the second thriller in the Hidden Iceland trilogy about Reykjavík Detective Inspector Hulda Hermannsdóttir by author Ragnar Jónasson, accumulates Icelandic names and words for Icelandic-English vocabulary lists.

The personal names that bolster book two belong among those borne, since 1991, by the Mannanafnanefnd (Icelandic Naming Committee, Personal Names Committee, literally “Man Name Committee”). Agnes (“lamb”), Alexander (“I defend man”), Andrés (“man”), Anna (“grace, gracious”), Benedikt (“blessed"), Dagur ("day") Veturlidason (“one-winter-old, one-year-old bear’s son”) and Dimma (“darkness") constitute personal names. So do Einar (“unique warrior") Benediktsson ("blessed one’s son”), Emil (“rival”), Hulda (“hiding, secrecy") Hermannsdóttir ("Herman’s daughter” or “unknown soldier’s daughter”) and Jón (“God is gracious”).

Klara (“famous") Jónsdottir ("gracious god’s daughter”), Lýdur (“folk, people['s] warrior"), Robert (“fame shining”), Sæmundur (“sea protector”), Sigurdur (“victory guard”) and Snorri (“hard-fighting, quick-turning”) entertain given-name status.

Thorvardur (“thunder guard”), Vera (“faith”), Veturlidi (“one-winter-old, one-year-old bear”) and Vilhjálmur ("will protection) feature, unlike Giacomo Puccini's (Dec. 22, 1858-Nov. 29, 1924) opera Turandot, Icelandic names.

The plot guards among common nouns bakhús ("back-house [behind on-street home]") and lopapeysa (“unspun-wool sweater”) and, without Icelandic equivalents, jeep (jeppa) and Škoda (skemmd, “damage” literally). It has as place names Ædey (“osprey island”) off northwestern Iceland and Bjarnarey (“bear island”), Ellidaey (“fast-sailing ship island”) and Heimaey (“home island”) off southern Iceland. Ædey island is off Vestfirdir (“Westfjords”) peninsula, whose Ísafjördur (“ice fjord”) airport is a 1- to 1.5-hour drive southward to 6-kilometer- (3.73-mile-) long Heydalur (“hay valley”).

Sometimes the same Icelandic names and words join together, albeit only linguistically, disparate settlements, such as Ellidaey and Mjóifjördur (“narrow fjord”) in Drungi, anglicized The Island.

Icelanders know of Ellidaey as one island in Westfjords peninsula’s Breidafjördur (“wide fjord”) bay and another island, kindling the Hulda trilogy, in Vestmannaeyjar (“Westman Islands”) archipelago.

Mjóifjördur in northwestern Iceland’s Westfjords peninsula landmarks the fictitious, Heydalur-located, summer house in Drungi, anglicized The Island, and, in 21st-century eastern Iceland, lodges an 11-person village. Westfjords manifests, northeastward to northwestward, Hornstrandir (“horn[-like] coast”) nature preserve, Snæfjallaströnd (“snowy mountains coast”), Ísafjardardjúp (“deep, remote ice”), Dýrafjördur (“valuable fjord”), Arnarfjördur (“eagle’s fjord”) and Breidafjördur. Icelanders now navigate Hringvegur (“Ring Road”) 1 and, since Oct. 25, 2020, Hringvegur 2 from Reykjavík (“smoky bay”) northward to Westfjords and the reverse back southward.

Icelandic names and words offer northward- and southward-bound travelers in Drungi, anglicized The Island, Mokkakaffi (mocha coffee, "chocolate-coffee" literally) café coffees on Skólavördustígur (“school guard path”).

Southbound peregrinators prowl Borgarfjördur (“rocky fjord”), Borgarnes (“city headland”), Hafnarfjall (“harbor mountain”), Höfudborgarsvædid (Greater Reykjavík, “The Capital Region” literally), Hvalfjördur (“whale fjord”) and Kópavogur (“seal bay”).

Travelers queuing southward quest Akrafjall (“acrid mountain”), Esja (“clay”) and Skardsheidi (“[mountain] pass [of] heath”) summits and Videy (“wood island”) on Faxaflói (“horse’s gulf, marsh") bay. Hringvegur 1 regales riders ever south-southeastward through Reykjavík with Álftanes (“swan peninsula”), Bessastadir (“bear place”) and Keflavík (“driftwood bay”) on Reykjanes (“smoking cape, headland, promontory”) peninsula. South-southeastward sojourners see Eyjafjallajökull (“island-mountain glacier”), Thorlákshöfn (“thunder game harbor”) and Vestmannaeyjar archipelago's Háubæli (“hill[top] bed”), Heimaklettur (“home rock”), Midklettur (“middle rock”) and Ystiklettur (“curdle rock”).

Icelandic names and words in Drungi, anglicized The Island, never tackle Manhattan, New York; Savannah, Georgia; or the University Hospital Department of Pathology lab for post-mortems.

Turandot appears among untranslated names and words in Drungi, anglicized The Island. Perhaps the Icelandic Opera arranged for a performance of Turandot ("Turan's daughter") in the original Italian, perhaps in Icelandic translation, whereby perhaps the princessly name assumed the form Turansdóttir; chromolithograph artwork by Dalmatian Italian poster designer Leopoldo Metlicovitz (July 17, 1868-Oct. 19, 1944) printed by Milan's G. Ricordi & C. for April 25, 1926, premiere of Giacomo Puccini's unfinished last opera: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication

This post is dedicated to the memory of our beloved blue-eyed brother, Charles, who guided the creation of the Met Opera and Astronomy posts on Earth and Space News. We memorialized our brother in "Our Beloved Blue-Eyed Brother, Charles, With Whom We Are Well Pleased," published on Earth and Space News on Thursday, Nov. 18, 2021, an anniversary of our beloved father's death.

Image credits:

Icelandic names for the place and for the product acknowledge the appeal of mocha coffee and of its Icelandic home in the oldest café in Reykjavík, Kaffi Mokka, also known as Mokka and Mokkakaffi: Guðmundur D. Haraldsson, CC BY SA 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Iceland-Reykjavik-Skolavordustigur-Kaffi-Mokka-1.jpg

Turandot appears among untranslated names and words in Drungi, anglicized The Island. Perhaps the Icelandic Opera arranged for a performance of Turandot ("Turan's daughter") in the original Italian, perhaps in Icelandic translation, whereby perhaps the princessly name assumed the form Turansdóttir; chromolithograph artwork by Dalmatian Italian poster designer Leopoldo Metlicovitz (July 17, 1868-Oct. 19, 1944) printed by Milan's G. Ricordi & C. for April 25, 1926, premiere of Giacomo Puccini's unfinished last opera: Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Poster_Turandot.jpg

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Marriner, Derdriu. 12 April 2022. "Drungi, Anglicized as The Island, Acquaints Us With Bessastadir." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 5 April 2022. "Drungi, Anglicized as The Island, Asks What Einar Benediktsson Avers." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 29 March 2022. "Seven Deaths Afflict One Detective in Drungi, Anglicized as The Island." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 15 March 2022. "Dimma, Anglicized The Darkness, Accumulates Icelandic Names and Words." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 8 March 2022. "Icelandic Cuisine Americanizes Dimma, Anglicized as The Darkness." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Madama Butterfly Is the April 30, 2022, Saturday Matinee Broadcast

Summary: Madama Butterfly is the April 30, 2022, Saturday matinee broadcast, airing as 18th of the 2021-2022 Met Opera season's 24 Saturday matinee broadcasts.

The 2021-2022 season's staging of Puccini's Madama Butterfly represents the eighth revival of the new production that debuted in the 2006-2007 season under the direction of Anthony Minghella and the associate direction and choreography of his wife, Carolyn Choa: Dominic Minghella @DMinghella, via Twitter Nov. 18, 2019

Puccini's Madama Butterfly is the April 30, 2022, Saturday matinee broadcast, scheduled as the 18th of 24 Saturday matinee opera broadcasts in Met Opera's 2021-2022 season.

Madama Butterfly by Italian opera composer Giacomo Puccini (Dec. 22, 1858-Nov. 29, 1924) receives 11 spring performances in the 2021-2022 season. The first through seventh performances took place Saturday, March 19, at 8:00 p.m. Eastern Daylight Time; Wednesday, March 23, at 7:00 p.m.; Saturday, March 26, at 8:30 p.m.; Wednesday, March 30, at 7:00 p.m.; Sunday, April 3, at 3:00 p.m.; Tuesday, April 19, at 7:30 p.m.; Friday, April 22, at 7:00 p.m.; and Wednesday, April 27, at 7:30 p.m. The eighth through 11th, closing performances are scheduled for Saturday, April 30, at 1:00 p.m.; Wednesday, May 4, at 8:00 p.m.; and Saturday, May 7, at 8:00 p.m.

Met Opera's 2021-2022 season presentation of Madama Butterfly marks the eighth revival of the new Met Opera production that Anthony Minghella (Jan. 6, 1954-March 18, 2008) debuted Monday, Sept. 25, 2006, in the opera company's 799th Butterfly performance. The Italian film, opera and television director/producer had made his Met Opera debut with the new production.

Since Anthony Minghella's death, his widow, Hong Kongese choreographer and director Carolyn Choa, has performed as the production's director. Her Met Opera debut as associate director and choreographer had occurred alongside her husband.

Alexander Soddy is the eighth revival's conductor. The British conductor had made his Met Opera debut Monday, Oct. 2, 2017, in the opera company’s 1,306th performance of Puccini's La Bohème.

Eleonora Buratto sings the title role of geisha Cio-Cio San. The Italian soprano had made her Met Opera debut Friday, March 4, 2016, as Norina in the opera company’s 136th performance of Don Pasquale by 19th-century Italian bel canto opera composer Gaetano Donizetti (Nov. 29, 1797-April 8, 1848).

Brian Jagde originally was scheduled for all 11 performances as Pinkerton, whose abandonment of Cio-Cio San has devastating consequences. The American operatic tenor had made his Met Opera debut Thursday, April 3, 2014, as Count Elemer in the opera company’s 53rd performance of Arabella by German late Romantic and early modern composer Richard Strauss (June 11, 1864-Sept. 8, 1949).

Madama Butterfly numbers as the second of two Saturday matinee opera broadcasts in the 2021-2022 season for Brian Jagde. He sang Cavaradossi in the Dec. 11 Saturday matinee opera broadcast of Puccini's Tosca.

Update: The Metropolitan Opera announced, via Twitter May 4, 2022, at 3:00 p.m., the replacement of Brian Jagde by Viktor Antipenko as Pinkerton for the evening's performance. The Russian tenor's appearance in the season's 10th performance and also the opera company's 901st performance of Madama Butterfly marks his Met Opera debut.

Davide Luciano appeared in the eight revival's first five performances as U.S. Consul Sharpless, whose advice against Pinkerton's whimsical attraction to Cio-Cio San is ignored. The Italian baritone had made his Met Opera debut Tuesday, Jan. 16, 2018, as Belcore in the opera company’s 293rd performance of L’Elisir d’Amore by 19th-century Italian bel canto opera composer Gaetano Donizetti (Nov. 29, 1797-April 8, 1848).

Davide Luciano shares the role with David Bizic, who sings Sharpless in the sixth through 11th, closing performances. The Serbian operatic baritone had made his Met Opera debut Tuesday, Feb. 18, 2014, as Albert in the opera company’s 74th performance of Werther by French Romantic Era composer Jules Massenet (May 12, 1842-Aug. 13, 1912).

Elizabeth DeShong sings Suzuki, Cio-Cio San's maid, who realizes that Pinkerton has returned to Japan with an American wife. The American operatic soprano had made her Met Opera debut Friday, March 21, 2008, in the opera company’s 83rd performance of Ernani by Italian opera composer Giuseppe Verdi (Oct. 10, 1813-Jan. 27, 1901).

Elizabeth DeShong's 2021-2022 season portrayal of Suzuki marks her second reprisal of the role. She added Suzuki to her Met Opera profile in the 2013-2014 season and made her first reprisal in the 2019-2020 season.

The eighth revival's first performance, Saturday, March 19, in the 2021-2022 season numbered as Met Opera's 892nd performance of Madama Butterfly. The Metropolitan Opera premiere of Madama Butterfly took place Monday, Feb. 11, 1907. The opera's composer, Giacomo Puccini, attended the premiere. Madama Butterfly received 11 performances in the 1906-1907 season.

The takeaways for Madama Butterfly as the April 30, 2022, Saturday matinee broadcast are that Puccini's tragic opera about a Japanese geisha airs as the 18th of 24 Saturday matinee opera broadcasts in the 2021-2022 season; that the season's presentation of Madama Butterfly marks the eighth revival of Anthony Minghella's production, which debuted in the 2006-2007 season; and that Elizabeth DeShong's portrayal of Suzuki in the eighth revival marks her second reprisal of the role.

Elizabeth DeShong added Puccini's Suzuki to her Met Opera portfolio in the 2013-2014 season's fourth revival of Anthony Minghella's production of Madama Butterfly; she made her first reprisal in the 2019-2020 season; her 2021-2022 season portrayal marks her second reprisal of Suzuki: Elizabeth DeShong @elizabethdeshongmezzo, via Facebook Jan. 12, 2014

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication

This post is dedicated to the memory of our beloved blue-eyed brother, Charles, who guided the creation of the Met Opera and Astronomy posts on Earth and Space News. We memorialized our brother in "Our Beloved Blue-Eyed Brother, Charles, With Whom We Are Well Pleased," published on Earth and Space News on Thursday, Nov. 18, 2021, an anniversary of our beloved father's death.

Image credits:

The 2021-2022 season's staging of Puccini's Madama Butterfly represents the eighth revival of the new production that debuted in the 2006-2007 season under the direction of Anthony Minghella and the associate direction and choreography of his wife, Carolyn Choa: Dominic Minghella @DMinghella, via Twitter Nov. 18, 2019, @ https://twitter.com/DMinghella/status/1196488137142341636

Elizabeth DeShong added Puccini's Suzuki to her Met Opera portfolio in the 2013-2014 season's fourth revival of Anthony Minghella's production of Madama Butterfly; she made her first reprisal in the 2019-2020 season; her 2021-2022 season portrayal marks her second reprisal of Suzuki: Elizabeth DeShong @elizabethdeshongmezzo, via Facebook Jan. 12, 2014, @ https://www.facebook.com/elizabethdeshongmezzo/photos/a.389415591202600/389415604535932/?type=3

For further information:

“Debut: Eleonora Buratto.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 356353 Don Pasquale {136} Metropolitan Opera House: 03/04/2016.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=356353

"Debut: Viktor Antipenko." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 357640 Madama Butterfly {901} Metropolitan Opera House: 5/04/2022.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=357640

“Debuts: Alexander Soddy, Angel Blue, Duncan Rock.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 356747 La Bohème {1306} Metropolitan Opera House: 10/02/2017.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=356747

"Debuts: Anthony Minghella, Carolyn Choa, Han Feng, Peter Mumford, Blind Summit Theatre, Keith Miller, Mark Down, Nick Barnes, Finn Caldwell, Hsin Ping Chang, Tom Yang." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 351555 New Production Madama Butterfly {799} Metropolitan Opera House: 09/25/2006.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=351555

“Debuts: Domingo Hindoyan, Davide Luciano.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 356855 L’Elisir d’Amore {293} Metropolitan Opera House: 01/16/2018.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=356855

“Debuts: Marius Brenciu, Elizabeth DeShong.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 352796 La Rondine {19} Metropolitan Opera House: 12/31/2008.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=352796

"Debuts: Michael Volle, Catherine Wyn-Rogers, Juliane Banse, Roberto Saccà, Brian Jagde, Martin Winkler, Scott Dispensa." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 355411 Arabella {53} Metropolitan Opera House: 04/03/2014.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=355411

"Debuts: Sara Erde, Sophie Koch, David Bizic, Richard Hausman, Helena Abbott, Daniel Katzman, Thomas White." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 355319 New Production Werther {74} Metropolitan Opera House: 02/18/2014.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=355319

Dominic Minghella @DMinghella. "Photo: Anthony Minghella & Carolyn Choa." Twitter. Nov. 18, 2019.
Available @ https://twitter.com/DMinghella/status/1196488137142341636

Elizabeth DeShong @elizabethdeshongmezzo. "Suzuki (Metropolitan Opera, 2014) -- in New York, New York." Facebook. Jan. 12, 2014.
Available @ https://www.facebook.com/elizabethdeshongmezzo/photos/a.389415591202600/389415604535932/?type=3

Marriner, Derdriu. "Met Opera's 2021-2022 Season Has 28 Saturday Matinee Broadcasts." Earth and Space News. Monday, Nov. 22, 2021.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/11/met-operas-2021-2022-season-has-28.html

Marriner, Derdriu. "Madama Butterfly Is March 3, 2018, Met Opera Saturday Matinee Broadcast." Earth and Space News. Monday, Feb. 26, 2018.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2018/02/madama-butterfly-is-march-3-2018-met.html

Metropolitan Opera @MetOpera. "In tonight's performance of Puccini's Madama Butterfly, Viktor Antipenko makes his Met debut as Pinkerton. #CastChange." Twitter. May 4, 2022.
Available @ https://twitter.com/MetOpera/status/1521927667821559815

"Metropolitan Opera Premiere: Madama Butterfly." MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 38830 Metropolitan Opera Premiere In the Presence of the Composer Madama Butterfly {1} Metropolitan Opera House: 02/11/1907.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=38830

“New Production: Madama Butterfly.” MetOpera Database > [Met Performance] CID: 351555 New Production Madama Butterfly {799} Metropolitan Opera House: 09/25/2006.
Available @ http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/scripts/cgiip.exe/WService=BibSpeed/fullcit.w?xCID=351555

Sanchi Buddhist Monuments Perhaps Archive Ancient Building Rituals

Summary: Sanchi Buddhist monuments perhaps archive ancient building rituals, according to Major General Sir Alexander Cunningham in 1854 in The Bhilsa Topes.

remains of sandstone Ashoka Pillar near southern gateway of Sanchi Stupa No. 1; nearby Sanchi Archaeological Museum houses the pillar's four lion capital; Sanchi's Ashoka Pillar numbers among a series of monolithic columns erected throughout Indian subcontinent in honor of third Mauryan Emperor Ashoka, who designated the columns as Dhaṃma thaṃbhā (Dharma stambha; "pillars of the Dharma"); Thursday, Feb. 21, 2013, 13:14, image of Ashoka Pillar: Biswarup Ganguly (Gangulybiswarup), CC BY 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons

Sanchi Buddhist monuments perhaps archive ancient building rituals, according to Major General Sir Alexander Cunningham in 1854 in The Bhilsa Topes, his book about Buddhist architecture and relics at excavated Buddhist sites.

The Cunningham book brings Sanchi bas-reliefs and buildings into Chapter XIII on Building and Dedication of Topes (stupa, from Pali thūpa, from Sanskrit स्तूप, “[relic-bearing] mound”). Construction rituals commenced with a powerful or wealthy person causing a compulsory, forced, unpaid crew to construct a stone pillar somewhere consecratedly connected to Buddhist teachings. The stone pillar displays the inscribed declaration of that powerful or wealthy person to domicile asthi avashesh (holy relic, from Sanskrit अस्थि, “bone” and अवशेष, “remainder”).

That power- or that wealth-holding person expected his inscribed, stone pillar to endure where he established it only until his crew established their daily edifice-erecting routines.

Foundation stones fit together from that powerful or wealthy person finding elephants (Elephas maximus indicus) to file back and forth over round stones such as boulders.

Perhaps Mauryan (from Sanskrit मोर, “peacock [clan emblem]”) Emperor (268 BCE?-232 BCE?) Ashoka (304 BCE?-232 BCE, from Sanskrit अशोक, “sorrow-free”) guided ritually laying the foundation stone. The Sanchi (from Sanskrit शान्, “calmness”) Buddhist (from Sanskrit बुद्ध, "awakened") sangha (community, from Sanskrit संघ, “multitude") housed Ashoka’s first wife, Devi (from Sanskrit देवी, "goddess"). Ashoka itinerated with bhikshu (from Sanskrit भिक्षु, “religious mendicant”); dancers, musicians and singers; ministers and troops; and with cloth, garland and earthen, gold, silver vase offerings.

Ashoka journeyed, for ancient building rituals, with 1,008 “suits of clothing” (1854: page 171) for the center and the four sides of intended Sanchi Buddhist monuments.

Ancient building rituals kindled keeping at that center 108 new earthen vases encircling 8 gold and 8 silver bricks encircling 8 gold and 8 silver vases.

The intended stupa center likewise lodged 108 “pieces of cloth” (1854:172) around each brick until ancient building rituals located all 16 in jessamine-flowered (Jasminum sambac) cement. Seven ministers moved seven more bricks before the architect made a surface air bubble by mixing water in his hand with water in a golden vessel. The architect notified his audience that, about the intended Sanchi Buddhist monuments, “I will build it in this form" (1854: 172), noted as “a simple hemisphere" (1854: 176).

Ancient building rituals obligated bricklayers opting for brass, iron, silver “small pieces” (1854:170), not plates, and single-slab steatite at the center of intended Sanchi Buddhist monuments.

The bricklaying crew placed above foundation stones the above-mentioned plates and brick, cement, common stone, divine Hemawanta incense, fine clay, kuruwinda stone and steatite “courses” (1854:170).

Kapittho (elephant-apple, wood-apple tree [Feronia elephantum scientifically], from Sanskrit कपित्थ) gum and sesame (Sesamum indicum) oil respectively quartered small red cocoa-nut (Cocos nucifera) milk and vermilion. The relic-retaining chamber required six meghawanna (from Sanskrit meghavarna मेघवर्ण, “cloud-colored”) stone slabs, of which one flat for floor, four for sides, one for eastward-facing lid. Dome access stopped after stupa interiors sheltered “thousands of relics” (1854: 174) and before crown-setting square capital, chaitya (prayer-hall, from Sanskrit चैत्य, “pedestal”) and plastering schedules started.

Sanchi Buddhist monuments, as treasure troves of earliest Buddhist architectural traditions, transmitted ancient building rituals that transformed boulders, brass, bricks, iron, silver, stones into mound-like topes.

capital of four lions from Ashok Pillar, originally sited at southern gateway of Sanchi Stupa No. 1; Sanchi Archaeological Museum, Raisen District, Madhya Pradesh state, central India; Sunday, Feb. 25, 2018, 10:59, image of capital of Sanchi Ashok Pillar: Ashok Shrikhande, CC BY SA 2.0 Generic, via Wikimedia Commons

Acknowledgment

My special thanks to talented artists and photographers/concerned organizations who make their fine images available on the internet.

Dedication

This post is dedicated to the memory of our beloved blue-eyed brother, Charles, who guided the creation of the Met Opera and Astronomy posts on Earth and Space News. We memorialized our brother in "Our Beloved Blue-Eyed Brother, Charles, With Whom We Are Well Pleased," published on Earth and Space News on Thursday, Nov. 18, 2021, an anniversary of our beloved father's death.

Image credits:

remains of sandstone Ashoka Pillar near southern gateway of Sanchi Stupa No. 1; nearby Sanchi Archaeological Museum houses the pillar's four lion capital; Sanchi's Ashoka Pillar numbers among a series of monolithic columns erected throughout Indian subcontinent in honor of third Mauryan Emperor Ashoka, who designated the columns as Dhaṃma thaṃbhā (Dharma stambha; "pillars of the Dharma"); Thursday, Feb. 21, 2013, 13:14, image of Ashoka Pillar: Biswarup Ganguly (Gangulybiswarup), CC BY 3.0 Unported, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ashokan_Pillar_-_Stupa_1_-_Sanchi_Hill_2013-02-21_4361.JPG

capital of four lions from Ashok Pillar, originally sited at southern gateway of Sanchi Stupa No. 1; Sanchi Archaeological Museum, Raisen District, Madhya Pradesh state, central India; Sunday, Feb. 25, 2018, 10:59, image of capital of Sanchi Ashok Pillar: Ashok Shrikhande, CC BY SA 2.0 Generic, via Wikimedia Commons @ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sanchi_capital_of_Ashoka.jpg

For further information:

Abram, David; Devdan Sen; Nick Edwards; Mike Ford; and Beth Wooldridge. 2003. “Satdhara.” Page 395. In: [Chapter] 5 Madhya Pradesh. The Rough Guide to India. Fifth edition. New York NY: Rough Guides Ltd.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 15 April 2022. "Sonari Buddhist Monuments Are Not UNESCO WHC Sites With Sanchi Topes." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 8 April 2022. "Sonari Buddhist Monuments, Like Sanchi Buddhist Monuments, Are Storied." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 1 April 2022. "Katyayana Perhaps Admired Satdhara Buddhist Monuments More Than Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 25 March 2022. "Satdhara Buddhist Monuments Are Sparser Than Sanchi Buddhist Monuments." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 18 March 2022. "Bhojpur Buddhist Monuments and Sanchi Buddhist Monuments Are Taciturn." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 11 March 2022. "Bhojpur Buddhist Monuments Are as Chary as Sanchi Buddhist Monuments." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 4 March 2022. "Some Bhojpur Buddhist Monuments and Sanchi Buddhist Monuments Are Mute." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 25 February 2022. "Bhojpur Buddhist Monuments and Sanchi Buddhist Monuments Are Secretive." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 18 February 2022. "Bhojpur Buddhist Monuments Are Like, Unlike Sanchi Buddhist Monuments." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 11 February 2022. "Bhojpur Buddhist Monuments Not Sanchi Buddhist Monuments Are A Village." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 4 February 2022. "Andher Buddhist Monuments Add to Donors at Sanchi Buddhist Monuments." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 28 January 2022. "Andher Buddhist Monuments Answer What Sanchi Buddhist Monuments Ask." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 21 January 2022. "Andher Buddhist Monuments Acquaint Us With Sanchi Buddhist Monuments." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 14 January 2022. "Acquaintance With Sanskrit Acquaints Us With Sanchi Buddhist Monuments." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 7 January 2022. "Appreciating Sanskrit Aids in Appreciating Sanchi Buddhist Monuments." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 31 December 2021. "Unknown Ashes Perhaps Known at Sanchi Buddhist Monuments Are at Sonari." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 24 December 2021. "Unknown Ashes Maybe Known at Sanchi Buddhist Monuments Are at Satdhara." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 17 December 2021. "Unknown Bones in Bhojpur Maybe Are Known in Sanchi Buddhist Monuments." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 10 December 2021. "Unknown Relics in Bhojpur Maybe Are Known in Sanchi Buddhist Monuments." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 3 December 2021. "Unknown Bones at Bhojpur Maybe Are Known to Sanchi Buddhist Monuments." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 26 November 2021. "Unknown Bones Maybe Known at Sanchi Buddhist Monuments Are at Bhojpur." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 19 November 2021. "Unknown Ashes Maybe Known to Sanchi Buddhist Monuments Are at Bhojpur." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 12 November 2021. "Unknown Ashes Perhaps Known in Sanchi Buddhist Monuments Are at Andher." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 5 November 2021. "Kusum Lac Trees Perhaps Anciently Aided Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/11/kusum-lac-trees-perhaps-anciently-aided.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 October 2021. "Palas Flame-of-the-Forest Trees Assisted Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 22 October 2021. "Ber Indian Plum Trees Anciently Assisted Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 15 October 2021. "Tasar Silk Perhaps Anciently Adorned Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/10/tasar-silk-perhaps-anciently-adorned.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 October 2021. "Tasar Silkworms Perhaps Assembled Around Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/10/tasar-silkworms-perhaps-assembled.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 October 2021. "Lac Scale Insects Archived Bone Relics in Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 24 September 2021. "Kaundinya Aided Buddhist Beginnings and Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 17 September 2021. "Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi Accommodated Kaundinyaputra Relics." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 10 September 2021. "Gotiputra Relics Awed Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi, Sonari and Andher." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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Marriner, Derdriu. 3 September 2021. "Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and Sonari Accommodated Alabagira Relics." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/09/buddhist-monuments-at-sanchi-and-sonari.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 27 August 2021. "Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and Sonari Assembled Kaushikiputra Relics." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/08/buddhist-monuments-at-sanchi-and-sonari_01344963409.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 20 August 2021. "Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and Sonari Accommodated Madhyama Relics." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/08/buddhist-monuments-at-sanchi-and-sonari.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 13 August 2021. "Kasyapa Gotra Relics Abided in Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and Sonari." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/08/kasyapa-gotra-relics-abided-in-buddhist.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 6 August 2021. "Buddha Relics Awed Sonari and Bhojpur If Not Sanchi Buddhist Monuments." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/08/buddha-relics-awed-sonari-and-bhojpur.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 July 2021. "Buddha Relics Awed Bhojpur and Sonari If Not Sanchi Buddhist Monuments." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/07/buddha-relics-awed-bhojpur-and-sonari.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 July 2021. "Sanchi Buddhist Monuments Admitted No Upahitaka Relics From Bhojpur." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/07/sanchi-buddhist-monuments-admitted-no_0682265518.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 July 2021. "Sanchi Buddhist Monuments Admitted No Patitya Allusions From Bhojpur." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/07/sanchi-buddhist-monuments-admitted-no.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 July 2021. "Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and Andher Archived Haritiputra Relics." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/07/buddhist-monuments-at-sanchi-and-andher.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 July 2021. "John Marshall Added Khirni Trees Around Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/07/john-marshall-added-khirni-trees-around.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 25 June 2021. "Mango Trees Appeal to Kakanava Koels and Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/06/mango-trees-appeal-to-kakanava-koels.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 18 June 2021. "Teak Trees Attracted Kakanava Crows to Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/06/teak-trees-attracted-kakanava-crows-to.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 11 June 2021. "Kakanava Crows, Koels and Trees Antedated Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/06/kakanava-crows-koels-and-trees.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 4 June 2021. "Asian Koels, Like Crows, Actuated the Ancient Name Kakanava for Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/06/asian-koels-like-crows-actuated-ancient.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 28 May 2021. "Indian Jungle Crows Abided Amply at Sanchi, Anciently Named Kakanava." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/05/indian-jungle-crows-abided-amply-at.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 21 May 2021. "Indian Crows Abounded There So Sanchi Answered to the Name Kakanava." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/05/indian-crows-abounded-there-so-sanchi.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 14 May 2021. "Kakanava Prabhasana Relics Age Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and Andher." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/05/kakanava-prabhasana-relics-age-buddhist.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 7 May 2021. "Vachiputra Relics Age Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and at Andher." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/05/vachiputra-relics-age-buddhist.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 30 April 2021. "Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and Andher Age Maudgalaputra Tishya Relics." Earth and Space News. Friday
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/04/buddhist-monuments-at-sanchi-and-andher.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 23 April 2021. "Satdhara Relics Awed Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi, Colombo and Yangon." Earth and Space News. Friday
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/04/satdhara-relics-awed-buddhist-monuments.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 16 April 2021. "Kaba Aye and Sanchi Hill Admit Walking Meditations of Thich Nhat Hanh." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/04/kaba-aye-and-sanchi-hill-admit-walking.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 9 April 2021. "Sanchi and Maha Bodhi Society Admit Thich Nhat Hanh Walking Meditations." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/04/sanchi-and-maha-bodhi-society-admit.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 2 April 2021. "Indra’s Net Avails Kaba Aye Pagoda of Buddhist Monuments on Sanchi Hill." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/04/indras-net-avails-kaba-aye-pagoda-of.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 March 2021. "Indra’s Net Admits Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and Maha Bodhi Society." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/indras-net-admits-buddhist-monuments-at.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 March 2021. "Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi and Sadthara Archived Disciple Bones." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/buddhist-monuments-at-sanchi-and.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 March 2021. "Chetiyagiri Vihara Adds Auspiciousness to Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/chetiyagiri-vihara-adds-auspiciousness.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 March 2021. "Maudgalyayana Aims Psychic Powers at Buddhist Monuments on Sanchi Hill." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/03/maudgalyayana-aims-psychic-powers-at.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 26 February 2021. "Shariputra Abides Auspiciously Amid Buddhist Monuments on Sanchi Hill." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/shariputra-abides-auspiciously-amid.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 19 February 2021. "Sanchi Hill Buddhist Monuments Are Oldest Buddhist World Heritage Site." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/sanchi-hill-buddhist-monuments-are_19.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 12 February 2021. "Sanchi Hill Buddhist Monuments Are World Heritage Site 14 in India." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/sanchi-hill-buddhist-monuments-are.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 5 February 2021. "Ashoka Aided Buddha, Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi Hill and Sri Lanka." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/02/ashoka-aided-buddha-buddhist-monuments.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 29 January 2021. "Sanghamitra, Like Ashoka, Admired Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi Hill." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/sanghamitra-like-ashoka-admired.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 22 January 2021. "Mahendra Adored Buddha and Perhaps Buddhist monuments at Sanchi Hill." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/mahendra-adored-buddha-and-perhaps.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 15 January 2021. "Devi Adoring Buddha Accounts for Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi, India." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/devi-adoring-buddha-accounts-for.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 8 January 2021. "Wild Animal Families Abounded Around Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi Hill." Earth and Space News. Friday.
Available @ https://earth-and-space-news.blogspot.com/2021/01/wild-animal-families-abounded-around.html

Marriner, Derdriu. 1 January 2021. "Raisen Teak Forests Once Angled Around Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi." Earth and Space News. Friday.
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